BUOG

Design of Two Dimensional Well Profiles-2D

Manual Planning - Part -2

Prepared by
Najah Saeed Abdulridha n.saeed@buog.edu.iq
Objectives
1. Draw the profile of a “S” well based on well plan inputs
2. Identify the expected outputs of planning a “S” well
3. Identify the max hold angle on a well plan
4. Calculate the max hold angle
5. Identify the EOB on a well plan
6. Calculate EOB TVD
7. Calculate EOB MD
8. Identify the EOB horizontal displacement on a well plan
9. Calculate EOB HD
10. Calculating Start of Drop (SOD) Measured Depth (TVD)
11. Calculating Start of Drop (SOD) Measured Depth (MD)
12. Calculate Target MD
13. Calculate the rectangular coordinates of the target location from well plan inputs
 Well Plan Inputs
Typically, to plan a well, the planner starts with five basic inputs:
• Kickoff point (KOP)
The kickoff point (KOP) is the start of the build section. It is given as a certain vertical depth
below the surface location.
• Buildup rate (BUR)
The buildup rate defines the rate at which the well will be deviated from vertical from the KOP to the required
maximum inclination at the end of build (EOB) in order to hit the target. The optimum inclination of the well is
a function of the maximum permissible buildup rate and the location of the target. BUR is usually expressed in
degrees per 100 feet (English units) or in degrees per 30 meters (Metric units). A typical BUR is 3°/100 ft.
• Target True Vertical Depth (TVD)
The depth of the target measured vertically from the surface.
• Target distance
The total distance (vertical section) of the target from the surface location measured in the
plane of proposal.
• Target direction
The angle of direction of the target location. It is usually given in compass quadrant format
Design of Two Dimensional Well Profiles
Directional Patterns
 Design of Two Dimensional Well Profiles
Type 2 ( Build , Hold &Drop) ( S Type Well).

• This pattern is applied where multiple targets

are hit with small horizontal displacements
Many kinds of pattern variations can be
possible after taking kickoff.

• The disadvantage of this pattern is high torque, key

seating and logging problem
Many kinds of pattern variations can be possible after taking kickoff.
• Infinity number of possibilities has to be engineered correctly
• Mechanical stresses
• Hydraulic Limitations
• Minimizing time
• Maximizing performance

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 Design of Two Dimensional Well Profiles
Type 1: Calculating Type 2 ( Build , Hold &Drop) ( S Type Well).
 Design of Two Dimensional Well Profiles
Type 1: Calculating Type 2 ( Build , Hold &Drop) ( S Type Well).
S-Shaped (R1+R2) < Total Target Displacement

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 Design of Two Dimensional Well Profiles
Type 2 ( Build , Hold &Drop) ( S Type Well).

Example problem: With the given information below for a build-hold well, solve for the
following profile variables:

Solutions Steps
1. Profile drawing 8. Start of drop (SOD) MD
2. Well Coordinate 9. SOD TVD
3. Build and drop radius 10. SOD Displacement
4. MAX hold angle 11. Total MD to the target
5. EOB TVD
6. EOB MD
7. EOB displacement
Vertical Section and Plan View Drawings

Given Information:
• Target Location= 3500 ft at 235 azm
• Target’s TVD = 12,000 ft
• KOP = 6084 ft
• Build up rate (BUR) = 3 grd/100ft
• Drop off rate (DOR) = 2 grd/100ft

Solve for the following variables:

1. Profile drawing
2. Well Coordinate
3. Build and drop radius
4. MAX hold angle
5. EOB TVD
6. EOB MD
7. EOB displacement
8. Start of drop (SOD) MD
9. SOD TVD
10. SOD Displacement
11. Total MD to the target

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1.Profile Drawing
 1.Profile Drawing
1.1 A plan View
A plan view drawing can easily represent the well
coordinate. Sometime referred to as a bird’s-eye
view ,the plan view is an overhead view of the
well path. The drawing should include the north,
south, east and west directions as well as the
coordinate given in the problem.

The target coordinate for the example

problem in this lesson is 3500ft @ 235°AZM. The
drawing on this page is an example plan view of the well
coordinate.
 1.Profile Drawing
1.2 Vertical Section View Drawing
A vertical section view drawing can easily represent the well
profile variables. The vertical section view is a side view of
the well path through the earth from the surface location to
the target location. The drawing should include all given
information and the variables you are solving. The drawing
on this page is an example vertical section view for the
problem in this lesson.

• The look of the drawing will change depending on the

type of profile you are solving and the values of the
given variables.
• When you draw the values, use an appropriate scale
so you will get an accurate view of the well.
1.Profile Drawing
1.2 Vertical Section View Drawing
 2.Calculating the Well Coordinate
Plan View
• First, calculate the west (W) distance (line b). The triangle is
a right angle, so you can use the sine function to find line "b.“
• then place the information into the formula and
perform the calculation
 2.Calculating the Well Coordinate

• Second, calculate the target south (S) distance

(line c). The triangle is a right angle so you can
use the cosine function to find line "c."
3.Calculating Buildup Rate (BUR)
First, calculate the build radius (R1).

Second, calculate the drop radius (R2).

4.Calculating Max Hold Angle
The MAX hold angle, also called inclination angle, occurs where the
inclination of the borehole is held constant. The MAX hold angle
occurs, right after the end of build, and is held constant all the way
to the target.
Several variables must be calculated before the MAX hold angle can
be found. Calculate the MAX hold angle (θ) by performing the steps
below in the order given to solve the problem for the answer
5.Calculating End of Build (EOB) True Vertical Depth (TVD)
The end of build (B) is the location where the wellbore has finished
increasing. The true vertical depth of the end of build is the actual
measured vertical depth from the surface to the end of build, represented
by line V2.

In this section you will perform the needed calculations to find the true
vertical depth of the end of build.
6.Calculating End of Build (EOB) Measured Depth (MD)
The end of build is the location where the wellbore has
finished increasing, point B on the drawing. The measured
depth of the end of build is the actual length of the
wellbore from its surface location to the end of build

The end of build (EOB) measured depth (MD) is 7415.33 ft.

7.Calculating End of Build (EOB) Displacement

The end of build (B) is the location where the wellbore has finished
increasing. The displacement of the end of build is the horizontal
distance between the surface location and the end of build (D1).

The end of build (EOB) displacement is 112.17 ft.

8. Calculating Start of Drop (SOD) Measured Depth (MD)
• First, find line OG. Angle FGO is a right triangle, so you can
use the Pythagorean theorem (OF2 = OG2 + FG2) to find line
OG.
• Line OG is parallel to line BC in the parallelogram BCGO as
shown in the graphic; therefore line BC is equal to line
OG.
8. Calculating Start of Drop (SOD) Measured Depth (MD)

• Second, find SOD MD. To find the measured depth to the start of
drop, you must add the vertical section KOP (V1), the build
section [(θ / BUR) x 100 ft], and the tangent section (BC).

The start of drop (SOD) measured depth (MD) is 11,132.45 ft

9.Calculating Start of Drop (SOD) True Vertical Depth (TVD)

• The start of drop (SOD) is the location (point C) where the

wellbore inclination starts dropping. The true vertical depth of
the start of drop is the actual measured vertical depth from
the surface to the start of drop, represented by length V3.

The SOD TVD is 10,160.08 ft.

10. Calculating Start of Drop (SOD) Displacement

The SOD displacement (D2) is 2831.88 ft.

11. Calculating Total Measured Depth to the Target

The total measured depth to the target is 13,129.93 ft.

Study Questions
1) Given the following profile variables, choose the correct answer below after calculating the start of drop true
vertical depth for an "S"-type directional well

2) Given the following profile variables, choose the correct answer below after calculating the end of build
(EOB) true vertical depth of an "S"-type directional well:
Study Questions
3) Given the following profile variables, choose the correct answer below after calculating the target’s total
measured depth of an "S"-type directional well:
 Impact of Kick off Depth on Well Trajectory
For the same target and BUR:
 The shallower the kick off depth, the lower the tangent angle and the shorter is the well
length.

MD INCL AZI TVD NORTHING EASTING

Examples: feet deg deg feet N/-S feet E/-W feet
Surface Reference Point

For a Shallow KOP TIE 0 0 0 0 0 0

KOP 1000 0 90 1000 0 0
2000 30 90 1955 0 256 KOP 1
10712 30 90 9500 0 4612

MD INCL AZI TVD NORTHING EASTING

feet deg deg feet N/-S feet E/-W feet
KOP 2
For a Deeper KOP TIE 0 0 0 0 0 0
KOP 5735 0 90 5735 0 0
7735 60 90 7389 0 955
11958 60 90 9500 0 4612

Target
Shallow Kick off Point
 Shorter well length
 Lower casing costs, smaller rig capacity
 Lower tangent angles
 Easier for hole cleaning
 Maybe more difficult for directional work - holding low angle is not always easy
 Essential for pad drilling or platforms to get away from other wells
 Allows high displacement even if at a shallow TVD
 ERD wells use very high kick off points and very high angle tangent section angles
 Build up rate typically low to reduce overall torque and drag
 Allowing high build up rates here will have large impact on torque values further down well
“J” Vs. “S” type Wells
To hit the same target for the same KOP, BUR and DOR, profiles would be as
follows:
J type Well MD INCL AZI TVD NORTHING EASTING DISPL DLS
feet deg deg feet N/-S feet E/-W feet feet deg
TIE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
KOP 1000 0 0 1000 0 0 0 0.00
2000 30 90 1955 0 256 256 3.00
10712 30 90 9500 0 4612 4612 0.00

S type Well MD INCL AZI TVD NORTHING EASTING DISPL DLS

feet deg deg feet N/-S feet E/-W feet feet deg
TIE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
KOP 1000 0 0 1000 0 0 0 0.00
Hold 2500 45 90 2350 0 559 559 3.00
Drop 7440 45 90 5844 0 4052 4052 0.00
8940 0 90 7194 0 4612 4612 3.00
11246 0 90 9500 0 4612 4612 0.00
“J” type vs. “S” type discussion
 As can be seen for the same kick off point there is a large difference in the tangent angle and measured
depth of the well

 “S” type wells will tend to develop a lot more torque than an equivalent displacement “J” type, it also
depends on the DD work

 Usually “S” shaped wells drilled for “production reasons” have a small tolerance on the angle across
reservoir (less than 5 or 10 degrees)

 “S” type wells are unavoidable for low displacement wells or when directional drilling is complicated at
deeper sections

 “S” type wells allow to use cheaper BHAs at deeper sections

 Low dogleg is highly recommended at the drop off curve

 Directional drilling might be very difficult at the drop off curve due to high torque and BHA hanging
Summary
 Every target potentially has 100’s of well plans to hit the centre.
 Choose your plan based on reason – don’t just accept the 1st one you are given
 Use geology to help with plans, if you know a formation naturally builds then
use this to your advantage
 Also find out if formations are stable drilled in all directions
 Make plans as simple as possible
 Remember big bends at top sections cause major torque issues later
 Know what the completion mechanism is during design stage e.g. ESP’s need
tangent sections, PCP’s have dogleg constraints