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 Oracle Database
Programming Using
Java and Web Services
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 Oracle Database
Programming Using
Java and Web Services

Kuassi Mensah

AMSTERDAM • BOSTON • HEIDELBERG • LONDON

NEW YORK • OXFORD • PARIS • SAN DIEGO
SAN FRANCISCO • SINGAPORE • SYDNEY • TOKYO
Elsevier Digital Press
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Copyright © 2006. Elsevier, Inc.

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or

transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,
recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher.

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Recognizing the importance of preserving what has been written, Elsevier prints its
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Application Submitted.

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For information on all Elsevier Digital Press publications

visit our Web site at www.books.elsevier.com

06 07 08 09 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Printed in the United States of America

 To the memory of my mother and my father.

To my loving wife, Gabrielle, and my wonderful sons, Gareth and Kenneth.

This Page Intentionally Left Blank
Contents

Foreword xix

Preface xxi

Introduction xxv
Server-Side Database Programming
(Stored Procedures) xxvi
Database Programming Using JDBC, SQLJ,
and JPublisher xxviii
Database Programming with Web Services xxix
Putting Everything Together: The “All-You-Can-Eat Buffet” xxx

Acknowledgments xxxi

Part I: Java in the Database 1

1 Stored Procedures as Database Programming Model 3

1.1 Rationale for Stored Procedures 3
1.1.1 Simplifying Database Programming 3
1.1.2 Centrally Managed Data Logic 4
1.1.3 Performance: Run JDBC Applications Faster in
the Database 4
1.1.4 Encapsulation 10
1.1.5 Security: Advanced Data Access Control 10
1.1.6 Resource Optimization 11
1.1.7 Low-Cost Deployment 11
1.1.8 Fully Utilize Database Capabilities 11
1.2 Obstacles to the Adoption of Stored Procedures 11

vii
viii Contents

1.2.1 Lack of Portability across RDBMS Vendors 12

1.2.2 Scalability 12
1.2.3 Maintenance and Resilience to Schema Change 12
1.2.4 Hard to Debug 13
1.2.5 Weak Support for Complex Types 13
1.3 Languages for Stored Procedures 13
1.3.1 Proprietary Languages 13
1.3.2 Java for Stored Procedures 14
1.3.3 .NET Languages 18
1.4 PL/SQL or Java 19
1.4.1 PL/SQL and Java! 21

2 OracleJVM: Under the Hood 23

2.1 Design Goals and Architecture 23
2.1.1 Tight Integration with the RDBMS 24
2.1.2 J2SE Compatibility 24
2.1.3 How Is Java Stored in the Database? 25
2.1.4 Class Sharing 30
2.1.5 Interapplication Isolation (JSR 121) 32
2.1.6 Contrasting OracleJVM with the JDK VM 32
2.1.7 Resource Control 36
2.1.8 SQL Data Access from Java in the Database 37
2.1.9 DBMS_JAVA: The All-Purpose Tool for Administering
OracleJVM 39
2.2 Java Memory Management 41
2.2.1 Key Memory Structures of the Oracle Database 42
2.2.2 Java Memory Allocation Techniques 43
2.2.3 Garbage Collection Techniques 44
2.2.4 Java Memory Areas 46
2.2.5 Shared Servers versus Dedicated Processes 49
2.2.6 The Javapool 52
2.2.7 Top-Level Calls and Recursive Calls 53
2.2.8 State Preservation across Calls and End-of-Call Migration 54
2.2.9 End-of-Call,VM Termination, and Session Termination 58
2.3 Security in OracleJVM 60
2.3.1 User Authentication 60
2.3.2 Database-Schema Security 61
2.3.3 Resolver Specification and Class-Resolution Security 62
2.3.4 Login-User and Effective-User Security 64
2.3.5 Java 2 Security 66
2.3.6 Java 2 Security in OracleJVM 68
Contents ix

2.3.7 OracleJVM Security Best Practices 79

2.3.8 JNI Calls 80
2.4 Java VM Life Cycle 80
2.4.1 OracleJVM Install, Uninstall, and Reinstall 80
2.4.2 Java VM Initialization and Termination 81
2.5 Java Execution in the Database 81
2.5.1 The OracleJVM Interpreter 82
2.6 The Native Java Compiler (NCOMP) 84
2.6.1 What Is NCOMP? 84
2.6.2 Requirements and Design Choices 85
2.6.3 The NCOMP Process 88
2.6.4 The NCOMP Command 88
2.6.5 The STATUSNC Command 92
2.6.6 Dumping Java Classes with NCOMP 96
2.6.7 NCOMP Configuration and Planning 96
2.6.8 NCOMP Performance Tips, Improper Use,
and Troubleshooting 100
2.7 Conclusion 103

3 Developing and Running Java in

the Database 105
3.1 Developing Java in the Database 105
3.1.1 Turning JDBC Applications into Java Stored Procedures 105
3.1.2 Creating or Loading Java in the Database 106
3.1.3 Removing Java Sources, Classes, and Resources from
the Database 119
3.1.4 Setting/Querying Environment Variable and
System Properties 120
3.1.5 The Java Compiler within the Database 124
3.2 Turning Java in the Database into Stored Procedures 126
3.2.1 Call Spec Types 127
3.3 Mapping SQL and PL/SQL Types to/from Java Types 135
3.3.1 Mapping Matrix 135
3.3.2 Code Segments for Mapping 140
3.4 Invoking Java in the Database 207
3.4.1 Setup 207
3.4.2 Invoking Java in the Database Using OJVMJAVA 212
3.4.3 Invoking Java in the Database through the
PL/SQL Wrapper 214
3.4.4 Invoking Java in the Database through Client-side Stub 216
3.4.5 Errors and Exceptions Handling 221

Contents
x Contents

3.5 Managing Java in the Database 227

3.5.1 Java Audit 227
3.5.2 Oracle Enterprise Manager (Database Control) Support
for Java in the Database 228

4 Pragmatic Applications Using Java in

the Database 231
4.1 CNXO: Secure Credit Card Processing with Oracle and JSSE 231
4.2 Using J2EE and Java in the Database Together 239
4.2.1 Auto-generating Primary Keys for BMP Entity Beans 239
4.2.2 Calling-out EJB from OracleJVM 241
4.2.3 HTTP Call-Out: The Poor Man’s Cache Invalidation 249
4.2.4 JMS over Streams/AQ in the Database 253
4.3 JDBC Call-Out to Non-Oracle Databases 260
4.3.1 Description and Rationales 260
4.3.2 How Does It Work? 260
4.4 SAP Java Connector: Accessing the SAP System from the
Oracle Database 268
4.5 Excel-like Expression Parser in the Database 277
4.5.1 Rationales for Custom Parsers in the Database 277
4.5.2 What Is the Mini-Parser? 278
4.5.3 Implementing the Mini-Parser 279

5 Database Scripting Using Non-Java Languages 287

5.1 Why Contemplate Non-Java Languages for the Database? 287
5.1.1 Common Language Runtime in RDBMS 288
5.1.2 Scripting Languages Support in RDBMS 288
5.2 Database Scripting with OracleJVM—Just for Fun! 288
5.2.1 Proof of Concept #1: Running TCL (JACL) Scripts in
the Database 289
5.2.2 Proof of Concept #2: Running Jython (Python) in
the Database 297
5.2.3 Proof of Concept #3: Running Kawa (Scheme) in
the Database 299
5.2.4 Proof of Concept #4: Running Groovy in the Database 302

Part II: Java Persistence and Java SQL Data Access 317
Database Programming with Oracle JDBC 318
Contents xi

6 Introducing the JDBC Technology and

Oracle’s Implementation 319
6.1 JDBC Primer 319
6.1.1 First Steps in JDBC 319
6.1.2 JDBC within J2SE and J2EE Environments 324
6.2 Overview of JDBC Specifications 325
6.2.1 Overview of JDBC 1.22 Specification
(Where Things Started!) 325
6.2.2 Overview of JDBC 2.0 Specification
(A Major Spec!) 326
6.2.3 Overview of JDBC 3.0 Specification 328
6.2.4 Overview of Upcoming JDBC 4.0 Specification 330
6.2.5 JDBC Standards Support in the Oracle JDBC Drivers 331
6.3 Architecture and Packaging of Oracle JDBC Drivers 334
6.3.1 Rearchitected Oracle JDBC Drivers 334
6.3.2 Packaging of Oracle JDBC Drivers 336
6.3.3 Features Differences Between Driver Types 340
6.3.4 JDBC Drivers and Database Interoperability 343

7 URL, DataSource, Connection, and Statements 345

7.1 JDBC URL 345
7.2 DataSources 348
7.2.1 The OracleDataSource 349
7.2.2 DataSources and JNDI 351
7.3 Connections and Connection Services 357
7.3.1 JDBC Connections and Oracle Extensions 357
7.3.2 Connection Caching: Implicit Connection Cache 358
7.3.3 The Connection Cache Manager 383
7.3.4 RAC Events and Fast Application Notification 391
7.3.5 High Availability: Fast Connection Failover 400
7.3.6 Scalability: Connection Load Balancing 406
7.3.7 JDBC Support for Transparent Application Fail-over 409
7.3.8 Proxy Authentication 415
7.3.9 Connection Wrapping 422
7.3.10 JDBC Connections in Grid Environment 424
7.4 JDBC Statements and Oracle Extensions 427
7.4.1 JDBC Statement Types 427
7.4.2 Statement 428
7.4.3 PreparedStatement 432
7.4.4 CallableStatement (Calling Stored Procedures) 444

Contents
xii Contents

7.4.5 Retrieval of Auto-Generated Keys and DML

with Returning 454
7.4.6 Statement Caching 457
7.4.7 DML Batching 466

8 SQL Data Access and Manipulation 471

8.1 Key Metadata in JDBC 471
8.1.1 DatabaseMetaData: OracleDatabaseMetaData 471
8.1.2 ResultSetMetaData: OracleResultSetMetaData 473
8.1.3 ParameterMetaData 476
8.1.4 StructMetaData 478
8.2 Manipulating Oracle Data Types with JDBC 479
8.2.1 Manipulating SQL Null Data 488
8.2.2 Manipulating Character Data Types 489
8.2.3 Oracle JDBC Support for Number Data Types 492
8.2.4 JDBC Support for Long and Raw Data Types 496
8.2.5 JDBC Support for SQL Datetime Data Types 500
8.2.6 JDBC Support for LOB Datatypes 505
8.2.7 JDBC Support for ROWID 517
8.2.8 JDBC Support for OPAQUE Type 518
8.2.9 JDBC Support for XMLType 518
8.2.10 JDBC Support for SQL Object Types and
References Types 522
8.2.11 JDBC Support for User-Defined Collections 539
8.2.12 JDBC Support for Spatial Types 553
8.2.13 Unsupported Types 553
8.3 Result Set Support in Oracle JDBC 554
8.3.1 The Result Set API in a Nutshell 554
8.3.2 The Oracle Result Set Interface 558
8.3.3 Oracle JDBC Support for Scrollable Result Sets 559
8.3.4 Oracle JDBC Support for Updatable Result Sets 565
8.3.5 Prefetching and Auto Refresh 573
8.3.6 Changes Detection and Visibility 575
8.4 RowSet 577
8.4.1 Introducing the RowSet API 577
8.4.2 JDBCRowSet and OracleJDBCRowSet 579
8.4.3 CachedRowSet and OracleCachedRowSet 581
8.4.4 WebRowSet and OracleWebRowSet 587
8.4.5 FilteredRowSet and OracleFilteredRowSet 610
8.4.6 JoinRowSet and OracleJoinRowSet 617
8.5 Conclusion 623
Contents xiii

9 JDBC Quality of Services and

Best Practices 625
9.1 Transaction Services 625
9.1.1 Transactions 625
9.1.2 AutoCommit 625
9.1.3 Transaction Isolation Levels 626
9.1.4 Transaction SavePoint Support 627
9.1.5 Global/Distributed Transaction 632
9.1.6 Connection Sharing between Local and
Global Transactions 640
9.2 Security Services 642
9.2.1 Oracle JDBC Support for SSL 642
9.3 Tips and Best Practices 657
9.3.1 End-to-End Tracing 658
9.3.2 Common Errors 662
9.3.3 Optimizing Result Set Retrieval 662
9.3.4 Logging Service 663
9.4 Conclusion 666

Part III: Oracle Database Programming with SQLJ 667

10 Introducing the SQLJ Technology and

Oracle’s Implementation 669
10.1 Overview 669
10.1.1 What Is SQLJ? 669
10.1.2 Why SQLJ? 671
10.1.3 The Oracle SQLJ Translator 676
10.1.4 The Oracle SQLJ Runtime 689
10.1.5 Environment Setup 690
10.1.6 SQLJ Primer 692
10.2 SQLJ in the Database 693

11 The SQLJ Language and Oracle Extensions 701

11.1 Declaration Statements 701
11.1.1 Import Statements 701
11.1.2 Connection Contexts 701
11.1.3 Execution Contexts 712
11.1.4 Iterators 717
11.1.5 IMPLEMENTS Clause in Context Declarations 726

Contents
xiv Contents

11.1.6 WITH Clause in Context Declarations 728

11.2 Executable Statements 730
11.2.1 Statement Clauses 731
11.2.2 Assignment Clauses 737
11.2.3 Dynamic SQL 740
11.3 Expressions in SQLJ 744
11.3.1 Context and Result Expressions 746
11.3.2 Expressions Evaluation 748
11.4 Interoperability: Using SQLJ and JDBC Together 748
11.4.1 JDBC to SQLJ Interoperability 748
11.4.2 SQLJ to JDBC Interoperability 751
11.5 Conclusion 753

12 SQLJ Data Access and Best Practices 755

12.1 Manipulating Oracle SQL and PL/SQL Data Types with SQLJ 755
12.1.1 Oracle SQLJ Type-Mapping Summary 755
12.1.2 Column Definitions 759
12.1.3 Manipulating SQL Null Data with SQLJ 760
12.1.4 Manipulating Character Data Types with SQLJ 762
12.1.5 Oracle SQLJ Support for Number Data Types 764
12.1.6 SQLJ Streams, LONG, and RAW Data Types 765
12.1.7 SQLJ Support for SQL Datetime Data Types 772
12.1.8 SQLJ Support for SQL LOB Data Types 774
12.1.9 SQLJ Support for Oracle SQL ROWID 780
12.1.10 SQLJ Support for OPAQUE Types 782
12.1.11 SQLJ Support for SQL Object Types and SQL
References Types 783
12.1.12 Serialized Java Objects 796
12.1.13 SQLJ Support for User-Defined SQL Collections 807
12.1.14 PL/SQL Associative Array 809
12.1.15 Unsupported Types 809
12.2 SQLJ Best Practices 811
12.2.1 Row Prefetch 811
12.2.2 Statement Caching 811
12.2.3 Update Batching 812
12.3 Conclusion 813
Contents xv

Part IV: Oracle Database Programming with JPublisher 815

13 Abridged Oracle JPublisher 817

13.1 Why JPublisher? 817
13.2 Overview 819
13.2.1 Environment Requirements 821
13.2.2 JPublisher Options 829
13.3 JPublisher In Action 849
13.3.1 User-Defined SQL Object Types 850
13.3.2 SQL Object Reference Types (REF types) 854
13.3.3 REF Cursor Types and Subclassing 855
13.3.4 User-Defined SQL Collection Types 858
13.3.5 User-Defined OPAQUE Types 862
13.3.6 XMLType 863
13.3.7 PL/SQL Conversion Functions 865
13.3.8 PL/SQL RECORD Types 866
13.3.9 PL/SQL Table or Scalar Index-by-Table 866
13.3.10 Oracle Streams AQ 872
13.3.11 Java in the Database 873
13.4 Conclusion 873

Part V: Programming the Oracle Database with Web Services 875

14 Web Services and SOA for DBA, Data Architects,

and Others 879
14.1 Web Services 101 879
14.1.1 Core Web Services Technologies 880
14.2 Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA):
The Bigger Picture 890
14.3 Conclusion 897

15 Database as Web Services Provider Service 899

15.1 Rationales for Database as Web Services Provider 899
15.2 How Does Database as Web Services
Provider Work? 899
15.2.1 Implementation and Packaging 900
15.2.2 How Does Oracle Database as Web Services
Provider Work? 901

Contents
xvi Contents

15.2.3 Web Services and SOA Features in Oracle Application

Server 10.1.3 902
15.3 Turning Oracle Database Functionality into Web Services 905
15.3.1 Type Conversions and Result Set Representation 905
15.3.2 Setting up the Oracle AS OC4J for Database as Web
Services Provider 907
15.3.3 Assembling PL/SQL Web Services Using
JDeveloper Wizard 908
15.4 Assembling Database Web Services Using the
Command-Line Tool 925
15.4.1 Assembling PL/SQL Web Services Using Web
Services Assembler 928
15.4.2 Assembling Java in the Database as a Web Service 937
15.4.3 Assembling SQL Queries or SQL DML Statements as
Web Services 939
15.4.4 Assembling Oracle Streams AQ as Web Services 940
15.5 Data Type Restrictions 942
15.6 Conclusion 943

16 Database as Web Services Consumer 945

16.1 Rationales for Database as Web Services Consumer 945
16.2 How Database as Web Services Consumer Works 946
16.2.1 The Software Pieces 946
16.2.2 The Required Steps 947
16.3 Turning Your Oracle Database into a Web Service Consumer 954
16.3.1 Ensure That Java Is Installed in the Database 954
16.3.2 Installing JPublisher on the Client Machine 955
16.3.3 Installing the Web Services Call-Out Utility in
Your Database 956
16.4 Database Web Services Call-Out Samples 959
16.4.1 Calling Out Google Search Web Service 959
16.4.2 Calling Out the Phone Verifier Web Service 962
16.5 Conclusion 964

Part VI: Putting Everything Together 965

17 360-Degree Programming the

Oracle Database 967
17.1 TECSIS Systems: Custom Enterprise Integration Framework 968
17.1.1 About the Company 968
Contents xvii

17.1.2 About the Application 968

17.1.3 Our Business and Technical Requirements 969
17.1.4 The Architecture of the Integration Framework 970
17.1.5 The Complete Picture 972
17.1.6 Conclusion 974
17.2 Oracle interMedia 974
17.2.1 What Is Oracle interMedia? 974
17.2.2 How Does It Work? 975
17.2.3 Rationales for Storing Media Data in the Database 976
17.2.4 interMedia Powered by the Oracle Database
Extensibility Framework 978
17.2.5 interMedia Powered by Java in the Database 978
17.2.6 Developing Feature-Rich Multimedia Applications
Using interMedia 981
17.3 British Columbia: Online Corporate Registration 993
17.3.1 Corporate Online: Background 994
17.3.2 How It Works 994
17.3.3 Architecture: Requirements and Design 994
17.3.4 Messaging across Tiers 1004
17.3.5 Future Work 1009
17.3.6 Conclusion 1009
17.4 Information Retrieval Using Oracle Text 1009
17.4.1 What Is Oracle Text? 1010
17.4.2 Why Java in the Database? 1011
17.4.3 Technical Features 1012
17.4.4 Benefits of an Integrated Search Capability 1016
17.4.5 Yapa 1017
17.4.6 Conclusion 1028
17.5 Database-Driven Content Management System
(DBPrism CMS) 1028
17.5.1 DBPRISM CMS: Key Features and Benefits 1029
17.5.2 The Architecture of DBPrism CMS 1030
17.5.3 DBPrism CMS Internals 1033
17.5.4 Extended Capabilities 1046
17.5.5 Text Searching 1049
17.5.6 Installing DBPRism CMS 1051
17.5.7 Future Work 1057
17.6 Conclusion 1058

Index 1059

Contents
This Page Intentionally Left Blank
Foreword

I spend the bulk of my time working with Oracle database software and,
more to the point, with people who use this software. Over the last 18
years, I’ve worked on many projects—successful ones as well as complete
failures—and if I were to encapsulate my experiences into a few broad state-
ments, they would be

 An application built around the database—dependent on the data-

base—will succeed or fail based on how it uses the database. Addi-
tionally, in my experience, all applications are built around databases.
I cannot think of a single useful application that does not store data
persistently somewhere.
 Applications come, applications go. The data, however, lives forever.
In the long term, the goal is not about building applications; it really
is about using the data underneath these applications.
 A development team needs at its heart a core of database-savvy devel-
opers who are responsible for ensuring the database logic is sound
and the system is built to perform from day one. Tuning after the fact
(tuning after deployment) typically means you did not give serious
thought to these concerns during development.

These may seem like surprisingly obvious statements, but I have found
that too many people approach the database as if it were a black box—some-
thing that they don’t need to know about. Maybe they have a SQL genera-
tor that they figure will save them from the hardship of having to learn the
SQL language. Maybe they figure they will just use the database like a flat
file and do keyed reads. Whatever they figure, I can tell you that thinking

xix
Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
Trailin’ By Max Brand

Heywood Broun of the New York Tribune declares this one of the
best Western stories he ever read.
The Gold Girl By James B. Hendryx

A man’s size novel of the West in which a lost mine, a mysterious

jug, and a distinctly original type of hero play important parts.
A Critic in Pall Mall By Oscar Wilde

Essays and criticisms collected from the Pall Mall Gazette and
other sources. Never before published in book form. This volume
completes our 15–volume set of the works of Oscar Wilde. Semi-
flexible cloth or flexible leather.
The Wonderful Adventures of Phra the
Phoenician By Edwin Lester Arnold

An Arabian Nights entertainment equal in its field to anything this

writer’s distinguished father, author of The Light of Asia, ever
conceived. The fantastic chronicle of a character who existed in many
eras.
 Sheepskins and Grey Russet

By

E. Temple Thurston
Author of “The City of Beautiful Nonsense,” “The World of
Wonderful Reality,” “David and Jonathan,” etc.

8º. Illustrated throughout by Émile Verpilleux

“Our clothing is good sheepskins
Grey russet for our wives.”

Corridon’s song from the “Complete Angler.”

A whimsical, wholly delightful adventurous assay at country life.

This volume carries on in a delectable fashion all that exquisiteness
in writing that characterized an earlier book, The Open Window. The
story progresses from the buying of the old farm through all the
humorous entangling mysteries that enhearten and confound the
amateur householder.
 The Treasure of the Isle of Mist

A Tale of the Isle of Skye

By

W. W. Tarn
8º
An exquisite fantasy contrived with delicious humor with a lovable
small heroine who has “a warm heart and a largish size in shoes”—a
tale of utmost charm and much of the lore of the East and West that
has filled the story-books of the world. Here is a magic which calls to
young and old alike. You will love Fiona and her father the Student
and undoubtedly you will be well disposed toward the Urchin—but
whether you will care for Jeconiah—well you must decide that for
yourself.
 David and Jonathan

By

E. Temple Thurston
Author of “The City of Beautiful Nonsense”
The two friends, so different in temperament and physique, but
one in understanding—last to leave the burning ship, are finally
thrown half dead on scorching African sands.
Six days later a ship’s boat plunges through the breakers
containing six bodies, apparently dead from hunger and thirst—but
one breathes, a woman. Face to face with the eternal impulses of life,
these three souls, completely isolated from the civilized world, work
out their destiny through the instincts and impulses of primitive
man. A fantastic tale, yet real and plausible, thrilling in parts, and as
whimsical as The City of Beautiful Nonsense.
 The Beloved Sinner

By

Rachel Swete Macnamara

Author of the “Fringe of the Desert,” “The Torch of Life,” and “Drifting Waters”
One of the very prettiest of springtime romances—a tale of
exuberant young spirits intoxicated with the springtime of living, of
love gone adventuring on the rough road—a story, humorous with
the gay impudences of a young Eve who is half-afraid and altogether
delighted with her fairy-prince.
G. P. Putnam’s Sons
New York

London
 TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES
1. Moved the list of the author’s books from the beginning to
between p. 247 and the first advertising page.
2. Silently corrected typographical errors and variations in
spelling.
3. Retained anachronistic, non-standard, and uncertain
spellings as printed.
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