An Internship Report on

POOJA ENGINEERING & ENTERPRISES

Submitted in accordance with the requirement for

the degree of

Bachelor of Technology

By

BODDU PRADEEP KUMAR

REGD NO. 22L35A0317

Under the Faculty Guidance of

Dr.Sk.Masuruddin
Associate Professor

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology(A)
(Approved by AICTE and Permanently Affiliated to JNTU-GV)
Beside VSEZ, Duvvada, Visakhapatnam – 530049
2023-24
 Department of Mechanical Engineering
Vignan’s Institute of Information
Technology(A)Beside VSEZ, Duvvada,
Visakhapatnam – 530049

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the “Summer Internship report” submitted by BODDU PRADEEP
KUMAR (Regd. No.:22L35A0317) is work done by her and submitted during 2023–2024
academic year, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY in Mechanical Department at POOJA
ENGINEERING & ENTERPRISES,Hyderabad.

Internship Mentor Head-Internships

Dr.Sk.Masuruddin Dr. B.Prasad

Head of the Department

Dr. S. Rambabu

2
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I express my deep gratitude to my guide Dr.Sk.Masuruddin, Associate Professor, Department

of Mechanical Engineering, Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology, Visakhapatnam for
rendering me guidance and valuable advice always. He has been a perennial source of inspiration
and motivation right from the inceptionto the completion of this project.
I am indeed very grateful to Dr.S.Rambabu, Head, Department of Mechanical, Vignan’s IIT,
Visakhapatnam for his ever willingness to share his valuable knowledge and constantly inspire me
through suggestions.
I sincerely thank all the Staff Members of the Department forgiving me their heart full support in
all stages of the project work and completion of this project. In all humility and reverence, I
express my profound sense of gratitude to all elders and Professors who have willingly spared
time, experience and knowledge to guide me in my Internship.

BODDU PRADEEP KUMAR

22L35A0317

3
 INDEX

S. No. Description Page No.

1 INTRODUCTION 5

2 PAINT BOOTH 6-7

3 CYLINDRICAL GRINDING MACHINE 8

i. Working Principle of Cylindrical Grinding 9

ii. How to calculate the piston rod 9

4 DRILL RIG AND HYDRAULIC HOSE PIPES 10-11

5 HORIZONTAL BORING 11

6 RADIAL DRILLING MACHINE 12

7 TAPPER THREADING 13

i. Bottoming Tap 14

ii. Plug Tap 14

iii. Taper Tap 14

iv. Tap Wrench 14

8 HYDRAULIC CYLINDER TESTING MACHINE 15

9 LATHE MACHINE OPERATIONS 16

i. Types Of Turning Operations In Lathe Machine 16

a) Straight Turning 16

b) Facing Operation 17

c) Chamfering Operation 17

d) Thread Cutting Operation 18

e) Drilling Operation 18

4
10 CNC MACHINE SHOP 19

i. Cnc Vmc Milling 19

ii. Cnc Turning 20

11 WELDING SHOP 21

i .Tig welding 21

a) Roller Bearing 22

ii. Arc welding 23

b) Pipe Flange 24

12 SAFETY PRECAUTION 25

13 SAFETY ACCESSORIES 25

14 BAND SAW CUTTING MACHINE 26

15 CONCLUSION 27

5
1. INTRODUCTION

Jami Hydraulics Pvt. Ltd. established in the year 2004, servicing major
and minor industries across the Eastern Coast.two Jami Hydraulics are
there the first is in autonagar b block and second is autonagar E block
Professionally managed cohesive unit having skilled and experienced
employee's Jami acquired recent technology in designing the Hydraulic
systems through licensed Solidworks software, CNC Machines to deliver
the products with international quality standards and ERP System to
improve the delivery schedules and maintain the supplier database. The
company has an immense capacity to cater all industries minor or major
across India. The company is well known for undertaking honing,
cylindrical grinding and hard chrome plating jobs and also for supplying
Hydraulic spares and seal kits Jami Hydraulics is a leading supplier and
manufacturer of high- performance Hydraulic products and equipment
that control force, speed and motion as integral components in fluid
power systems. Jami Hydraulics Pvt Ltd at Auto Nagar In Visakhapatnam
(Vizag), has a wide range of products and services to cater to the varied
requirements of their customers. Jami Hydraulics Pvt Ltd is Provides Best
Services/products Such as Hydraulic Works, Hydraulic Spares Parts,
Hydraulic Services, Hydraulic Jack , Hydraulic Works, Hydraulic Spares
Parts, Hydraulic Services, Hydraulic Jack , Hydraulic Works, Hydraulic
Spares Parts, Hydraulic Services, Hydraulic Jack Hydraulic Works,
Hydraulic Spares Parts, Hydraulic Services, Hydraulic Jack Hydraulic
Works, Hydraulic Spares Parts, Hydraulic Services, Hydraulic Jack
Hydraulic Works, Hydraulic Spares Parts, Hydraulic Services, Hydraulic
Jack Since 2010.

6
2. PAINT BOOTH

FIG 1.1

A paint booth is a large, contained environment equipped with exhaust fans and
filters to make commercial spray painting safer and cleaner. It improves results
by altering air pressure to blow contaminants out of the container and clear out
overspray from the paint sprayers. As it does this, fresh, clean air is consistently
pushed into the booth.

Exhaust Fan:
The exhaust fan is what draws air out of the booth. It will pull out the air that is
contaminated with overspray and particles. As that air enters the exhaust, a filter
grabs onto those excess particles and catches the contaminants. Exhaust fans
and filters help organisations abide by environmental regulations that require
them to reduce air pollutants from their painting processes.

Air Replacement Fan:

As all that contaminated air leaves, it needs to be replaced. With mechanical air
replacement methods, new, fresh air gets pushed into the booth to keep the
pressure at a consistent level.

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Pit:
Some models of paint booths will have a pit. In a downdraft model, the air flows
down around the object and into a pit, which is an open space beneath the object
covered with a grate, so air can still flow through. Typically, the pit is excavated
out of the building’s infrastructure or the entire booth is raised up on a platform.
Non-pitted models will vary significantly in how air flows through, but we’ll
talk more about that later.

The configuration of these elements will influence the direction of airflow and
how your paint booth ventilation works. Some models, like downdraft booths,
will envelop the object and push air down beneath it. Other designs can move
the air horizontally or in varying configurations.

One concern when working with paint booths is flammability. Many paints
release flammable chemicals that can pose a danger to employees and your
facility. To combat this, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration
(OSHA) requires you to meet certain standards for sprinkler systems and your
filters.

8
3. CYLINDRICAL GRINDING MACHINE

Fig 1.2

The cylindrical grinder is a type of grinding machine used to shape the outside
of an object. The cylindrical grinder can work on a variety of shapes, however,
the object must have a central axis of rotation. This includes but is not limited to
such shapes as a cylinder, an ellipse, a cam, or a crankshaft Piston-rod diameters
can range from 0.5 to more than 20 in., but they must be sized for the available
loads. In a push application, it is extremely important to size the rod diameter
properly, based on Euler calculations, to avoid rod buckling or bending.

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3.1 Working Principle Of Cylindrical Grinding Machine:

Fig 1.3
The piston rod is placed between the headstock and tailstock in between the
grinding wheel will be their adjustment dogs to move the piston and cylinder
and at the back, there will be coolant water which is in white colour and the
Power is on the grinding wheel and piston rod will move slowly and the collect
water is applied to avoid heating and It works slowly to decrease the piston
thickness and it is checking by the micrometre range.

3.2 How To Calculate The Piston Rod:

Fig 1.4

For example, for 2,000 psi of hydraulic pressure, calculate the surface area of
the bore diameter, which is 3.14 X R2. If you use a 3-inch bore cylinder,
calculate the radius (1.5 x 1.5 x 3.14), which equals 7.065 square inches of
surface area. Then multiply this number by the 2,000 hydraulic psi being used
and the measurement calculated by the micrometre range.

10
4. DRILL RIG AND HYDRAULIC HOSE PIPES

Drill Rig:

Fig 1.5

A drilling rig is an integrated system that drills wells, such as oil or water wells,
in the earth's subsurface. Drilling rigs can be massive structures housing
equipment used to drill water wells, oil wells, or natural gas extraction wells, or
they can be small enough to be moved manually by one person and such are
called augers. Drilling rigs can sample subsurface mineral deposits, test rock,
soil and groundwater physical properties, and also can be used to install
subsurface Oil and natural gas drilling rigs are used not only to identify geologic
reservoirs but also used create holes that allow the extraction of oil or natural
gas from those reservoirs and at both side the hydraulic cylinder is fitted and
centre and from base two motor and between and at the values will the there to
check the drill rig and power back is used for checking the drill rig.

11
Hydraulic Hose Pipes :

Fig 1.6
A hydraulic hose is used anywhere in a hydraulic system requiring a flexible
connection between two fluid ports. A hydraulic hose is a synthetic rubber tube
surrounded by some sort of flexible strength-enhancing winding, such as metal
or fibre, and then covered in another rubber

5. HORIZONTAL BORING MACHINE

Fig 1.7
In machining, boring is the process of enlarging a hole that has already been
drilled (or cast) by means of a single-point cutting tool (or of a boring head
containing several such tools), such as in boring a gun barrel or an engine
cylinder. Boring is used to achieve greater accuracy of the diameter of a hole
and can be used to cut a tapered hole. Boring can be viewed as the internal-
diameter counterpart to turning, which cuts external diameters. The cutting tool
is normally a single point which is made of M2 and M3 high-speed steel And it
is also used for surface finishing for brackets and drilling holes for long jobs.

12
6. RADIAL DRILLING MACHINE

Fig 1.7

Radial drilling machines are used to drill mediums to large and heavy
workpieces. These machines are used to drill holes in a given radial distance. It
is mainly used when the component's size is largest in height. Radial drilling
machines are primarily designed for drilling holes in heavy jobs or workpieces
and it suitable for All drilling holes huge and small because it is free for drilling
and radial arm is the main for drilling and it rotates in 360 degrees

13
7. TAPPER THREADING:
Tapered threads are threads that taper along with the thread profile and decrease
in diameter as you travel down the part. In the same fashion as the straight
threads, you can either measure the tapered profile or simply observe the
decreasing diameter of the threads. Holes are filled by a drilling machine

Fig 1.8

Radial drilling machines are used to drill mediums to large and heavy
workpieces. These machines are used to drill holes in a given radial distance. It
is mainly used when the component's size is largest in height. Radial drilling
machines are primarily designed for drilling holes in heavy jobs or workpieces
and is suitable for All drilling holes for huge and small because it is free for
drilling and radial arm is the main for drilling and it rotates in 360 degree

14
7.1 Bottoming Tap:

BOTTOM TAPS have a chamfer (lead) of 1–2 threads, the angle of the lead
being around 18 degrees per side. They are used to produce threads close to the
bottom of blind holes.

7.2 Plug Tap:

A tap with a flat end and an untapered shank is used for finishing the cutting of
an internal thread in a blind hole

7.3 Taper Tap:

Taper taps are the easiest taps to use by hand because the material removed is
done with so many partial forms of the thread of the tap. Taper taps are normally
used in through-hole applications or as a starter tap for blind holes. Plug taps
have a 5 thread chamfer.

7.4 Tap Wrench:

Fig 1.9

Tap wrench is a hand tool used to turn taps or other small tools, such as hand
reamers and the nose cap is tapered, which causes the fingers to clamp.

15
8. HYDRAULIC CYLINDER TESTING MACHINE

Fig 1.10
Hydraulic systems, like pneumatic systems, are based on Pascal's law which
states that any pressure applied to a fluid inside a closed system will transmit
that pressure equally everywhere and in all directions. A hydraulic system uses
an incompressible liquid as its fluid, rather than a compressible gas. The
principle of a hydraulic machine is that a small force applied on a smaller piston
is transmitted to produce a large force on the bigger piston The conventional
way of testing the integrity of the piston seal in a double-acting cylinder is to
pressurise the cylinder at the end of the stroke and measure any leakage past the
seal.

16
9. LATHE MACHINE OPERATIONS

A lathe is a machine tool that rotates a workpiece about an axis of rotation to

perform various operations such as cutting, sanding, knurling, drilling,
deformation, facing, and turning, with tools that are applied to the workpiece to
create an object with symmetry about that axis. and it is used for cylindrical
objects and drilling DC shunt motor for driving constant speed line shafts,
lathes, vacuum cleaners, wood-working machines, laundry washing machines,
elevators, conveyors, grinders and small printing presses etc.

9.1 Types Of Turning Operations in Lathe Machine:

a) Straight Turning
b) Facing Operation
c) Chamfering Operation
d) Thread Cutting Operation
e) Drilling Operation

a) Straight Turning

Fig 1.11
In this operation the workpiece is held on the chuck and it is made to rotate
about the axis and the tool is fed parallel to the lathe axis the straight turning
produces a cylindrical surface by removing excess of the workpiece

17
 b) Facing Operation

Fig 1.12
It is an operation reducing the length of the workpiece by feeding the
perpendicular to lathe axis and reducing the flat surface on the end of the
workpiece regular turning tool or facing tool may be used for facing operation
the cutting edge of the tool should set to the same height as the centre of the
workpiece

c) Chamfering Operation

Fig 1.13
It is a operation of getting a bevelled surface at the edge of the cylindrical
workpiece it is done in the case of both ends and shaft ends this operation help
to avoid damage to the sharp edges and protect without getting hurt during other
Operation

18
 d) Thread Cutting Operation

Fig 1.14
It is important operation in the lathe to obtain continuous helical grooves are
formed on the Outer surface of the workpiece is called external thread cutting
when they are formed on the inner surface of the workpiece is called internal
thread cutting the workpiece is rotating between these two centres here the tool
is moved longitudinally to obtain required type of thread. Here the motion of the
carriage is provided by the lead screw a pair of change of gears drives the lead
screw and by rotating the handle the depth of the cut can be controlled

e) Drilling Operation

Fig 1.15
Drilling is the operation of producing a cylindrical hole in a workpiece it is done
by rotating tool the rotating side of the cutter know as a drilling drill in this
operation the work piece is revolving in a chuck or a face plate and the drill is
held in the tailstock drill holder or drill Chuck the feeding is adapted is affected
by the movement of the tail stock

19
10. CNC MACHINE SHOP

a) CNC Vmc and milling

b) CNC turning

a) CNC Vmc Drilling:

Fig 1.15

VMCs are useful for creating parts, dies or moulds with precision, accuracy,
repeatability and surface finishes. A VMC is a machine with a CNC (Computer
Numerical Control) controller. As mentioned, the cutting head in this milling
machine is vertical and is a particular type of milling machine where the spindle
runs in a vertical axis known as the “z” axis. They are typically enclosed and
most often used for cutting metal.VMC machining refers to machining
operations that utilise vertical machining centres (VMCs), which, as the name
suggests, have vertically oriented machine tools. These machines are primarily
utilised to turn raw blocks of metal, such as aluminium or steel, into machined
components.

20
 b) CNC Turning

Fig 1.16

CNC turning is a manufacturing process that involves holding bars of material

in a chuck and rotating them while feeding a tool to the piece to remove
material until the desired shape is achieved. As the desired shape is achieved
through the removal of material, it is also known as subtraction machining

CNC Turning is commonly used for cylindrical shaped workpieces, however, it

can be used for square or hexagonal-shaped raw materials. The workpiece is
held in place by a 'chuck'. The' chuck' spins at varying RPMs (rotations per
minute). Unlike a traditional lathe, today's machines are numerically controlled.

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11. WELDING SHOP

a) Tig Welding
b) Arc Welding

a) Tig Welding:

Fig 1.17

The most important applications for TIG welding are pipeline and pipe welding. It is,
however, used in many industries, such as aviation and aerospace and sheet metal
industries when welding particularly thin materials and special materials such as
titanium.

22
 Roller Bearing

Fig 1.18

Method: Tig welding

Material: Mild steel
Filler wire: 70S2 ms filler rod
Filler wire diameter: 1.6
Layers: 8
Current: 135

Procedure

● We have taken ms mild steel bearing

● After that we arranged DC current to correct Ampera
● We hold the Tig torch assembly, which is a tungsten electrode.
● We ensure the welding equipment is properly set up, plugged in and the ground
connected to the piece of metal in which we work
● Keep the current 135 and keep earth wire to a job and take filler rod and
tungsten
● Wear the gloves and shield
● Place the filler rod and tungsten each other and face it to the job with 1 mm
distance
● And do it up to surface level is clear
● After we can accurate welding

23
b) Arc Welding:

Fig 1.19

Arc welding is a welding process that is used to join metal to metal by

using electricity to create enough heat to melt metal, and the melted
metals, when cool, result in a binding of the metals. It is a type of welding
that uses a welding power supply to create an electric arc between a metal
stick ("electrode") and the base material to melt the metals at the point of
contact.

24
 Pipe Flange

Fig 1.20

Method: Arc welding

Material: mild steel
Filler wire: 6013 magan arc
Layers: 4
Current: 125

Procedure

● We have taken to pipe and flange

● After that we arrange the current up to 125 amperes
● After that take the electrode and keep electrode holder
● And keep the two pieces pipe and flange at bottom
● Now touch it and do the welding up to 4 layers
● And now check without and holes
● And rub with a wire brush to remove the dust

25
12. SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

1. We always worn PPE (personal protective equipment) while doing the

experiment
2. We had Protect from dangerous hazards like electric shocks, burns,
radiant energy, and gas during the operation
3. We had Turn “OFF” power source of the machine after the use.
4. We avoided holding the workpiece with bare hands and using tongs.

13. SAFETY ACCESSORIES

Fig 1.21

1. Welding helmet
2. Goggles
3. Ear plugs
4. Nose mask
5. Apron
6. Hand gloves
7. Hand sleeves
8. Safety shoes etc.

26
14. BAND SAW CUTTING MACHINE

Fig 1.22
A bandsaw (also written band saw) is a power saw with a long, sharp blade consisting of a
continuous band of toothed metal stretched between two or more wheels to cut material. They
are used principally in woodworking, metalworking, and lumbering, but may cut a variety of
materials. It will work onthe hydraulic and it can cut square, rectangle, circular, or sphere,

Machine Specification:

Cutting capacity round: 350MM Cutting

capacity square: 350MMBlade speed: 25, 47,
69M/MiN Blade size: 4155x34x1.1MM
Clamping Type: Hydraulic
Main motor power: 3kw

27
 ACTIVITY LOG FOR WEEK-1

Day Date Brief description of the Learning Person In-Charge

daily activity Outcome Signature
Introduction to lathe Working
machinery. principle of
lathe machine.

Day-1 29/04/2024

Perform Lathe Facing

operations and
straight
turning.
Day-2 30/04/2024

Perform Lathe Threading

operations and Knurling

Day-3 01/05/2024

Perform Lathe Taper

operations Turning and
Step Turning
Day-4 02/06/2023

Manufacturing of Producin
shafts and cylindrical g shafts.
rods.
Day-5 03/05/2024

28
 ACTIVITY LOG FOR WEEK-2

Day Date Brief description of the Learning Person In-Charge

daily activity Outcome Signature
Introduction to Basic
welding workshop principle of
Tig and Arc
welding.
Day-6 29/05/2024

Performance on small Done

jobs in Tig welding welding
on pipe
lines.
Day-7 30/05/2024

Performance on small Done

jobs in Arc Welding welding on
pipe
Day-8 01/05/2024 welding(pipe
and flange).

Introduction to Cnc Basics

machines. pricinicples
and usage of
cnc
Day-9 02/05/2023
machines.

Performa CNC Doing a

operations. cnc
operatio
ns like
Day-10 03/05/2024
CNC
turning
&DRilli
ng.

29
 ACTIVITY LOG FOR WEEK-3

Day Date Brief description of the Learning Person In-Charge

daily activity Outcome Signature
Introduction to shaper .performance
on shaper

Day-11 29/04/2024

Introduction to slotter performa

nce on
slotter
Day-12 30/04/2024

Introduction to planner performance

on planner

Day-13 01/05/2024

Introduction to Basics and

Drilling machines usuage of
drilling
machines
Day-14 02/06/2023

Perform jobs by using Drilling

drilling operations operatio
ns
Day-15 03/05/2024

30
Day-1, Date: 29/04/2024 Day-2, Date:30/04/2024

Day-3, Date: 01/05/2024 Day-4, Date: 02/05/2024

31
Day-5, Date: 03/05/2024 Day-6, Date: 06/05/2024

Day-7, Date: 07/05/2024 Day-8, Date: 08/05/2024

32
 15. CONCLUSION
The objective of industrial training is to expose the student to industrial
atmosphere for better understanding of the basic structure of organisation and
prevailing working environment in the industry and the general safety
precautions to be followed.

During our training at, POOJA ENGINEERING & ENTERPRISES. In

welding we learnt and practised different processes that are stick welding, metal
inert gas welding, tungsten inert gas welding. From this welding we
experienced how to prepare joints for different metals according to our
requirements at different positions.

Hence these training are very important for our future. These skills help us to
go to any job. By these skills the mechanical can change world by using these
types of skills.

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