Ishmael Reed

Ishmael Scott Reed (born February 22, 1938) is an

American poet, novelist, essayist, songwriter, Ishmael Reed
composer, playwright, editor and publisher known for
his satirical works challenging American political
culture.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] Perhaps his best-known
work is Mumbo Jumbo (1972), a sprawling and
unorthodox novel set in 1920s New York.

Reed's work has often sought to represent neglected

African and African-American perspectives; his energy
and advocacy have centered more broadly on neglected
peoples and perspectives, irrespective of their cultural
origins.[9]

Reed in 2019
Life and career Born Ishmael Scott Reed
February 22, 1938
Reed was born in Chattanooga, Tennessee. His family Chattanooga, Tennessee, U.S.
moved to Buffalo, New York, when he was a child, Occupation Poet · essayist · novelist ·
during the Great Migration. After attending local playwright · lyricist
schools, Reed attended the University at Buffalo. Reed Education University of Buffalo
withdrew from college in his junior year, partly for Notable Yellow Back Radio Broke-
financial reasons, but mainly because he felt he needed works Down (1969)
a new atmosphere to support his writing and music. He
Mumbo Jumbo (1972)
said of this decision:
The Last Days of Louisiana
Red (1974)
This was the best thing that could have
Japanese by Spring (1993)
happened to me at the time because I was
able to continue experimenting along the Spouse Priscilla Thompson
lines I wanted, influenced by [Nathanael] (m. 1960; divorced)
West and others. I didn't want to be a slave Carla Blank
​​(m. 1970)​
to somebody else's reading lists. I kind of
regret the decision now because I've Children 2
gotten some of the most racist and horrible Website
things said to me because of this.[10] ishmaelreed.org (http://ishmaelreed.org)

In 1995, the college awarded him an honorary doctorate.[11]

Speaking about his influences, Reed has said:

 I've probably been more influenced by poets than by novelists—the Harlem Renaissance
poets, the Beat poets, the American surrealist Ted Joans. Poets have to be more attuned to
originality, coming up with lines and associations the ordinary prose writer wouldn't think
of.[12]

Among writers from the Harlem Renaissance for whose work Reed has expressed admiration are
Langston Hughes, Zora Neale Hurston, George Schuyler, Bruce Nugent, Countee Cullen, Rudolph Fisher
and Arna Bontemps.[13]

In 1962, Reed moved to New York City and co-founded with Walter Bowart the East Village Other,
which became a well-known underground publication. Reed was also a member of the Umbra Writers
Workshop (he attended his first Umbra meeting in Spring 1963, with others present including Lorenzo
Thomas, Askia Touré, Charles Patterson, David Henderson, Albert Haynes, and Calvin Hernton),[14]
some of whose members helped establish the Black Arts Movement and promoted a Black Aesthetic.
Although Reed never participated in that movement, he has continued to research the history of black
Americans. While working on his novel Flight to Canada (1976), he coined the term "Neo-Slave
narrative", which he used in 1984 in "A Conversation with Ishmael Reed" by Reginald Martin.[15] During
this time, Reed also made connections with musicians and poets such as Sun Ra, Cecil Taylor, and Albert
Ayler, which contributed to Reed's vast experimentation with jazz and his love for music.

In 1970, Reed moved to the West Coast to begin teaching at the University of California, Berkeley, where
he taught for 35 years. Retired from there in 2005, he is serving as a Distinguished Professor at California
College of the Arts. He lives in Oakland, California, with his wife of more than 50 years, Carla Blank, a
noted author, choreographer, and director.[16]

Reed's archives are held by the Special Collections at the University of Delaware in Newark. Ishmael
Reed: An Exhibition, curated by Timothy D. Murray, was shown at the University of Delaware Library
from August 16 to December 16, 2007.[17]

Personal life
Reed said in a 2022 interview for World Literature Today: "I come from a family of Tennessee fighters.
Like my mother, who was abandoned and had to make do with her skills. She organized two strikes. One
of the strikes was of the maids at a hotel in Buffalo. The other was at a department store, where the Black
women were assigned to do stock work and the white women were salespersons. She became the first
Black salesperson as a result of the strike. She wrote a book I deeply admire called Black Girl from
Tannery Flats. But when she died, her achievement was that she became a salesperson. She was a
fighter."[18]

In 1960, Reed married Priscilla Thompson. Their daughter, Timothy (1960–2021), was born the same
year.[19] Timothy dedicated her semi-autobiographical book Showing Out (Thunder's Mouth Press, 2003)
to her father.
Reed and Thompson divorced in 1970.[20] Since 1970, he has been married to writer and teacher Carla
Blank. Their daughter, Tennessee, is also an author.[20]

Published works
Reed's published works include 12 novels, beginning in 1967 with The Freelance Pallbearers, followed
by Yellow Back Radio Broke-Down (1969), Mumbo Jumbo (1972), The Last Days of Louisiana Red
(1974), Flight to Canada (1976), The Terrible Twos (1982), Reckless Eyeballing (1986), The Terrible
Threes (1989), Japanese by Spring (1993), Juice! (2011), Conjugating Hindi (2018), and most recently
The Terrible Fours, third in his "Terribles" series and published by Baraka Books of Montreal in June
2021.[21] To commemorate its 50 years in print, in 2022, Scribner's released a new edition of his third
novel, Mumbo Jumbo, cited by Harold Bloom as one of 500 great books of the Western canon. It includes
a new introduction by Reed.

Among Reed's other books are seven collections of poetry, including Why the Black Hole Sings the Blues:
Poems 2006–2019, released by Dalkey Archive Press in November 2020; 11 collections of essays, with
the most recent, Why No Confederate Statues in Mexico, released by Baraka Books in September 2019;
one farce, Cab Calloway Stands In for the Moon or The Hexorcism of Noxon D Awful (1970); two
librettos, Gethsemane Park and in collaboration with Colleen McElroy The Wild Gardens of the Loop
Garoo; a sampler collection, The Reed Reader (2000); two travelogues, of which the most recent is Blues
City: A Walk in Oakland (2003); and six plays, collected by Dalkey Archive Press as Ishmael Reed, The
Plays (2009). His seventh play, The Final Version, premiered at New York City's Nuyorican Poets Café in
December 2013; his eighth, Life Among the Aryans ("a satire that chronicles the misadventures of two
hapless revolutionaries"), had a staged reading in 2017 at the Nuyorican Poets Café[22][23] and a full
production in 2018.[24][25] Reed's ninth play, The Haunting of Lin-Manuel Miranda, premiered on May
23, 2019, at the Nuyorican Poets Café.[26][27] Archway Editions, an imprint of powerHouse Cultural
Entertainment, published the script in October 2020.[28] His tenth play, The Slave Who Loved Caviar,[29]
received a virtual reading premiere in March 2021, and a full production premiered at the Off-Broadway
venue Theater for the New City on December 23, 2021.The Conductor[30] premiered at Theater for the
New City on March 9, 2023. His twelfth and newest play, The Shine Challenge 2024, premiered as a
virtual staged reading February 23 through April 15, 2024, sponsored by the Nuyorican Poets Cafe.[31]

Reed's most recent nonfiction works are Malcolm and Me, an audiobook narrated by Reed and released
by Audible in 2020, and The Complete Muhammad Ali, published by Baraka Books of Montreal in 2015.
Audible released a new short story by Reed, "The Fool Who Thought Too Much", in November 2020.[32]
In 2022, Audible released Reed's new novella, The Man Who Haunted Himself.[33]

Reed has also edited 15 anthologies, including the recent Bigotry on Broadway, co-edited with his wife,
Carla Blank, and published by Baraka Books of Montreal in September 2021.[34] Other anthologies
include Black Hollywood Unchained (Third World Press, 2015) and POW WOW, Charting the Fault
Lines in the American Experience—Short Fiction from Then to Now (2009), a collection of works by 63
writers, co-edited with Carla Blank, which spans more than 200 years of American writing. In his
foreword, Reed calls it "a gathering of voices from the different American tribes". POW WOW is the
fiction companion anthology to From Totems to Hip-Hop: A Multicultural Anthology of Poetry Across the
Americas, 1900–2002 (2003), in which Reed endorses an open definition of American poetry as an
amalgamation, which should include work found in the traditional Western canon of European-influenced
American poetry as well as work by immigrants, hip-hop artists, and Native Americans.

The 2013 Signet Classic edition of Mark Twain's The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and Adventures of
Huckleberry Finn features a new afterword by Reed. In 2019, he contributed forewords to The Collected
Novels of Charles Wright, published by Harper Perennial; Charles Fréger's Cimarron: Freedom and
Masquerade (Thames & Hudson); and Cathy Jackson-Gent's Surviving Financially in a Rigged System
(Third World Press Foundation). Reed's Introduction to The Minister Primarily, a previously unpublished
novel by the late John Oliver Killens, was published by Amistad in July 2021. In 2023, Forewords by
Reed were included in Selected Poems of Calvin C. Hernton,[35] Library of America's special publication
of John A. Williams' novel, The Man Who Cried I Am,[36] and photographer Awol Erizku's Mystic
Parallax.[37]

Honors and awards

Two of Reed's books have been nominated for National Book
Awards, both in 1973: his poetry collection Conjure,[38] and his
1972 novel Mumbo Jumbo.[39] Conjure was also nominated for a
Pulitzer Prize.[40] His New and Collected Poems, 1964–2007,
received the Commonwealth Club of California's gold medal. A Bob Callahan, Reed, Carla Blank,
poem published in Seattle in 1969, "beware : do not read this Shawn Wong in 1975
poem", has been cited by Gale Research Company as one of
approximately 20 poems that teachers and librarians have ranked
as the most frequently studied in literature courses. Reed's novels, poetry and essays have been translated
into French, Spanish, Italian, German, Japanese, Hebrew, Hungarian, Dutch, Korean, Chinese and Czech,
among other languages.

The University of California at Berkeley honored External videos

Reed as their Distinguished Emeritus Awardee of the
You can view a C-SPAN interview, in which
Year 2020.[41] In June 2018, in Detroit, Reed was
Ishmael Reed discusses his life, work and
honored with the Charles H. Wright Museum of
career, right here (http://www.c-spanvideo.org/
African American History Award. On November 20,
program/Ishma).
2017, Reed received the AUDELCO Pioneer Award
for the Theater.[42] Between 2012 and 2016, Reed
served as the first SF Jazz Poet Laureate from SF JAZZ, the leading non-profit jazz organization on the
West Coast. An installation of his poem "When I Die I Will Go to Jazz" appears on the SFJAZZ Center's
North Gate in Linden Alley.[43] In Venice, Italy, in May 2016, he became the first recipient of a new
international prize, the Alberto Dubito International, for an individual who has distinguished himself or
herself through innovative creativity in musical and linguistic expression.[44] His poem, "Just Rollin'
Along," about the 1934 encounter between Bonnie and Clyde and Oakland Blues artist L. C. Good
Rockin' Robinson, is included in The Best American Poetry 2019.[45][13]

Among Reed's other honors are writing fellowships from the Guggenheim Foundation[46] and National
Endowment for the Arts. In 1995, he received the Langston Hughes Medal, awarded by City College of
New York. In 1997, he received the Lila Wallace Reader's Digest Award, and established a three-year
collaboration between the non-profit and Oakland-based Second Start Literacy Project in 1998.[47]

In 1998, Reed also received a John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation Fellowship award (known
as a "genius" grant).[48][49] In 1999, he received a Fred Cody Award from the Bay Area Book Reviewers
Association, and was inducted into Chicago State University's National Literary Hall of Fame of Writers
of African Descent. Other awards include an Otto René Castillo Award for Political Theatre[50] (2002); a
Phillis Wheatley Award from the Harlem Book Fair (2003); and in 2004, a Robert Kirsch Award, a Los
Angeles Times Book Prize, besides the D.C. Area Writing Project's 2nd Annual Exemplary Writer's Award
and the Martin Millennial Writers, Inc. Contribution to Southern Arts Award, in Memphis, Tennessee.

A 1972 manifesto inspired a major visual art exhibit, NeoHooDoo: Art for a Forgotten Faith, curated by
Franklin Sirmans for the Menil Collection in Houston, Texas, where it opened on June 27, 2008, and
subsequently traveled to P.S. 1 Contemporary Art Center in New York City, and the Miami Art Museum
through 2009. Litquake, the annual San Francisco literary festival, honored him with its 2011 Barbary
Coast Award.[51][52] Buffalo, New York, celebrated February 21, 2014, as Ishmael Reed Day, when he
received Just Buffalo Literary Center's 2014 Literary Legacy Award.[53]

In April 2022, Reed was announced as the recipient of a lifetime achievement Anisfield-Wolf Book
Award in recognition of his contributions to literature.[54] In October 2023, Reed received the
Hurston/Wright Foundation’s Lifetime Achievement Award.[55]

Collaborations and influences

Honoring his experience of first achieving national publication of his poetry in anthologies edited by the
senior writers Langston Hughes and Walter Lowenfels, as a result of his introducing Lucille Clifton's
poetry to Langston Hughes, Reed was responsible for her first national recognition in Hughes' anthology
The Poetry of the Negro (1967).[56]

Reed has continued to champion the work of other contemporary writers, by founding and serving as
editor and publisher of various small presses and journals since the early 1970s. These include Yardbird
Reader (which he edited from 1972 to 1976), and Reed, Cannon and Johnson Communications, an
independent publishing house begun with Steve Cannon and Joe Johnson that focused on multicultural
literature in the 1970s.[57][58] Reed's current publishing imprint is Ishmael Reed Publishing Company,
and his online literary publication, Konch Magazine (https://www.ishmaelreedpub.com/), features an
international mix of poetry, essays and fiction.[59]

Among the writers first published by Reed when they were students in his writing workshops are Terry
McMillan, Mona Simpson, Mitch Berman, Kathryn Trueblood, Danny Romero, Fae Myenne Ng, Brynn
Saito, Mandy Kahn, and John Keene.

Reed is one of the producers of The Domestic Crusaders, a two-act play about Muslim Pakistani
Americans written by his former student, Wajahat Ali.[60] Its first act was performed at the Kennedy
Center's Millennium Hall in Washington, D.C., on November 14, 2010, and remains archived on their
website.
Critics have also pointed to Reed's influence on writers Percival Everett, Colson Whitehead, Victor
LaValle and Paul Beatty. In Chris Jackson's interview of Reed in the Fall 2016 edition of The Paris
Review,[61] Reed discusses many literary influences, including Dante, the Celtic Revival poets, James
Baldwin, George Schuyler, Nathanael West, Bob Kaufman, and Charles Wright. Reed said in a 2011
interview with Parul Sehgal: "My work holds up the mirror to hypocrisy, which puts me in a tradition of
American writing that reaches back to Nathaniel Hawthorne."[62] Reed has also been quoted as saying:
"So this is what we want: to sabotage history. They won't know whether we're serious or whether we are
writing fiction ... Always keep them guessing."[63]

When discussing influences on his writing style in Writin’ is Fightin’ he attributed much of it to the
warrior tradition he feels is inherent in African and African-American culture. Similar contemporary
authors that Reed insists deny victim literature with a centralized black male villain are Amiri Baraka and
Ed Bullins.

Looking forward in his writing Reed has stated that he wants to sustain Western values but mix them up a
little bit to express a sense of multi-culturalism that represents more than just the African-American
voice. Published in 1993 the novel, Japanese by Spring, was Reed's first trilingual text. The novel used
English, Japanese, and Yoruba to better represent his ideas of a more realistic American multi-culturalism.

Conjugating Hindi was deeply compelled by his ideas of depicting a unification of multiple cultures. In
this novel Reed explores the congruencies and differences of African-American and South Asian
American cultures though political discourse posed by white neo-conservative Americans toward both
ethnicities. As described in the Los Angeles Review of Books, "it is brilliant — the same sort of
experimental brilliance observable in the fiction of Thomas Pynchon or the cut-up technique of William
S. Burroughs — and more accessible. ...Conjugating Hindi is a firebrand’s novel, the crackling,
overflowing, pugnacious novel of someone who doesn't care about genre boundaries any more than he
cares about historical boundaries, but who does care deeply about innovating."[64]

Music
Ishmael Reed's texts and lyrics have been performed, composed or set to music by Albert Ayler, David
Murray, Allen Toussaint, Carman Moore, Taj Mahal, Olu Dara, Lester Bowie, Carla Bley, Steve Swallow,
Ravi Coltrane, Leo Nocentelli, Eddie Harris, Anthony Cox, Don Pullen, Billy Bang, Bobby Womack,
Milton Cardona, Omar Sosa, Fernando Saunders, Yosvanni Terry, Jack Bruce, Little Jimmy Scott, Robert
Jason, Alvin Youngblood Hart, Mary Wilson of the Supremes, Cassandra Wilson, Gregory Porter and
others.

Reed has been the central participant in the longest ongoing music/poetry collaboration, known as
Conjure projects,[65] produced by Kip Hanrahan on American Clavé: Conjure I (1984) and Conjure II
(1988), which were reissued by Rounder Records in 1995; and Conjure Bad Mouth (2005), whose
compositions were developed in live Conjure band performances, from 2003 to 2004, including
engagements at Paris's Banlieues Bleues, London's Barbican Centre, and the Blue Note Café in Tokyo.
The Village Voice ranked the 2005 Conjure CD one of four best spoken-word albums released in 2006.

In 2007, Reed made his debut as a jazz pianist and bandleader with For All We Know by The Ishmael
Reed Quintet. His piano playing was cited by Harper's Bazaar and Vogue as he accompanied a 2019
fashion show at the Serpentine Gallery in London, featuring the work of designer Grace Wales
Bonner.[66][67][68] In 2008, he was honored as Blues Songwriter of the Year from the West Coast Blues
Hall of Fame Awards. A David Murray CD released in 2009, The Devil Tried to Kill Me, includes two
songs with lyrics by Reed: "Afrika", sung by Taj Mahal, and the title song performed by SF-based rapper
Sista Kee. On September 11, 2011, in a Jazz à la Villette concert at the Grande Halle in Paris, the Red
Bull Music Academy World Tour premiered three new songs with lyrics by Ishmael Reed, performed by
Macy Gray, Tony Allen, members of The Roots, David Murray and his Big Band, Amp Fiddler and Fela!
singer/dancers.[69] In 2013, David Murray, with vocalists Macy Gray and Gregory Porter, released the CD
Be My Monster Love, with three new songs with lyrics by Reed: "Army of the Faithful", "Hope is a Thing
With Feathers," and the title track, "Be My Monster Love." In 2022, Reed released his first album of
original compositions, The Hands Of Grace.[70] In 2023, Konch Records released Blues Lyrics by
Ishmael Reed with Reed reading his poetry with the East Coast Blues Caravan of All Stars featuring
Ronnie Stewart, and guest artist David Murray.[71]

Before Columbus Foundation

Ishmael Reed is the founder of the Before Columbus Foundation, which since 1980 has annually
presented the American Book Awards and the Oakland chapter of PEN,[47] known as the "blue-collar
PEN", which also gives annual awards to writers.

Bibliography

Novels and short fiction

The Freelance Pallbearers, 1967
Yellow Back Radio Broke-Down, 1969
Mumbo Jumbo, 1972
The Last Days of Louisiana Red, 1974
Flight to Canada, 1976
The Terrible Twos, 1982
Reckless Eyeballing, 1986
The Terrible Threes, 1989
Japanese by Spring, 1993
Juice!, 2011
Conjugating Hindi, 2018
"The Fool Who Thought Too Much" (short story), 2020
The Terrible Fours, 2021
The Man Who Haunted Himself, 2022

Poetry and other collected works

catechism of d neoamerican hoodoo church, 1969
Cab Calloway Stands in for the Moon or D Hexorcism of Noxon D Awful, 1970
Neo-HooDoo Manifesto, 1972
 Conjure: Selected Poems, 1963–1970, 1972
Chattanooga: Poems, 1973
A Secretary to the Spirits, illustrated by Betye Saar, 1978
New and Collected Poetry, 1988
The Reed Reader, 2000
New and Collected Poems, 1964–2006, 2006 (hardcover); New and Collected Poems,
1964–2007, 2007 (paperback)
Why the Black Hole Sings the Blues, 2020

Plays and librettos

The Wild Gardens of the Loup Garou, with poetry by Reed and Colleen McElroy and music
by Carman Moore (1981, 1989).
Gethsemane Park, libretto; Carman Moore, composer (premiere, Berkeley Black Repertory
Theater, 1998).
Ishmael Reed, THE PLAYS, a collection of six plays published by Dalkey Archive Press
(2009), as listed with date of premiere: Mother Hubbard (1979 and revised in 1997 into a
musical version); Savage Wilds (1988 Part I; 1990, Part II); Hubba City (1989, 1994); The
Preacher and the Rapper (1995); C Above C Above High C (1997); Body Parts (2007), a
play developed from a work first performed as Tough Love (2004).
The Final Version, premiered at the Nuyorican Poets Café in December 2013. Forthcoming
from Archway Editions, 2024.
Life Among the Aryans, premiered in full production at the Nuyorican Poets Café in June
2018. Archway Editions, 2022.
The Haunting of Lin-Manuel Miranda, premiered in full production at the Nuyorican Poets
Café in May 2019, published by Archway Editions in 2020.
The Slave Who Loved Caviar, premiered in a virtual reading sponsored by the Nuyorican
Poets Café in March 2021; a full production premiered December 23, 2021, at Theater for
the New City. Forthcoming from Archway Editions in October 2023.
The Conductor, premiered in a full production at Theater for the New City on March 9, 2023,
and returned for a second three-week run August 24–September 10, 2023.[72][73]
The Shine Challenge 2024, premiered as a virtual staged reading sponsored by the
Nuyorican Poets Cafe through April 15, 2024.[74]

Non-fiction
Shrovetide in Old New Orleans: Essays, Atheneum, 1978
God Made Alaska for the Indians: Selected Essays, Garland, 1982
Writin' Is Fightin': Thirty-seven Years of Boxing On Paper. New York: Atheneum, 1989
Airing Dirty Laundry. New York: Addison-Wesley, 1993
Oakland Rhapsody, The Secret Soul Of An American Downtown. Introduction and
Commentary by Ishmael Reed and photographs by Richard Nagler. North Atlantic Books,
1995
Blues City: A Walk in Oakland, Crown Journeys, 2003
Another Day at the Front: Dispatches from the Race War, Basic Books, 2003
Mixing It Up: Taking on the Media Bullies and Other Reflections, Da Capo Press, 2008
Barack Obama and the Jim Crow Media: The Return of the "Nigger Breakers", Baraka
Books, 2010
 Going Too Far: Essays About America's Nervous Breakdown, Baraka Books, 2012
The Complete Muhammad Ali, Baraka Books, July 2015
"Jazz Musicians as Pioneer Multi-Culturalists, the Co-Optation of Them, and the Reason
Jazz Survives" in American Multiculturalism in Context, Views from at Home and Abroad,
edited by Sami Ludwig, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2017, pp. 189–199
Why No Confederate Statues in Mexico, a collection of new and collected essays, Baraka
Books, 2019
Malcolm and Me, written and narrated by Reed, Audible, 2020

Anthologies edited by Reed

19 Necromancers From Now, Doubleday & Co., 1970
Calafia: The California Poetry, Yardbird Pub. Co., 1978, ISBN 978-0931676031
Yardbird Lives!, co-edited with Al Young, Grove Press, 1978, ISBN 978-0394170411
QUILT #1, Ishmael Reed & Al Young, 1981. ISBN 0931676053
QUILT #2, A special issue devoted to the stories of students at University of California
Berkeley. Ishmael Reed & Al Young, 1981. ISBN 9780931676062
The Before Columbus Foundation Fiction Anthology, Selections from the American Book
Awards 1980–1990, co-edited with Kathryn Trueblood and Shawn Wong, W. W. Norton,
1991, ISBN 978-0393308334
The HarperCollins Literary Mosaic Series, General Editor of four anthologies edited by
Gerald Vizenor, Shawn Wong, Nicolas Kanellos and Al Young, 1995–96
MultiAmerica: Essays on Cultural Wars and Cultural Peace, Viking/Penguin, 1997,
ISBN 978-0140259124
From Totems to Hip-Hop: A Multicultural Anthology of Poetry Across the Americas, 1900–
2001, Da Capo Press, 2003, ISBN 978-1560254584
Pow Wow: 63 Writers Address the Fault Lines in the American Experience, short fiction
anthology, edited with Carla Blank, Da Capo Press, 2009, ISBN 1568583400
Black Hollywood Unchained, non-fiction anthology, edited and with an Introduction by Reed,
Third World Press, October 2015, ISBN 978-0883783535
Bigotry on Broadway, co-edited with Carla Blank, with an Introduction by Reed, Baraka
Books, September 2021 ISBN 1771862564
The Plague Edition of Konch Magazine, co-edited with Tennessee Reed, Ishmael Reed
Publishing Co., 2024

Discography
Kip Hanrahan has released three albums featuring lyrics by Reed:

Conjure: Music for the Texts of Ishmael Reed (American Clave, 1985)
Conjure: Cab Calloway Stands in for the Moon (American Clave, 1985)
Conjure: Bad Mouth (American Clave, 2005)
David Murray has released several albums featuring lyrics by Reed:

Sacred Ground (Justin Time, 2007) – "Sacred Ground" and "The Prophet of Doom" sung by
Cassandra Wilson
The Devil Tried to Kill Me (Justin Time, 2009) – "The Devil Tried to Kill Me" sung by Sista
Kee and "Africa" sung by Taj Mahal
 Be My Monster Love (Motéma, 2013) – "Be My Monster Love" sung by Macy Gray and
"Army of the Faithful (Joyful Noise)" and "Hope Is a Thing with Feathers" sung by Gregory
Porter
blues for memo (Doublemoon Records, 2016) - "Red Summer" sung by Pervis Evans
Yosvany Terry has released one album including lyrics by Reed:

New Throned Kings (SPassion 2014), CD nominated for a 2014 Grammy Award, with
Ishmael Reed's lyrics on "Mase Nadodo."
Releases produced by Ishmael Reed

His Bassist (Konch Records, Ishmael Reed, producer), featuring Ortiz Walton and including
collaborations based on Reed's poetry, 2014
For All We Know (Ishmael Reed Publishing, 2007) with the Ishmael Reed quintet, features
David Murray (sax, bass clarinet and piano), and Carla Blank (violin), Roger Glenn (flute),
Chris Planas (guitar), and Ishmael Reed (piano) on nine jazz standards, and three original
collaborations with text by Reed and music composed by David Murray, were first performed
by Ishmael Reed on this privately produced CD. David Murray then wrote different
compositions for these Reed lyrics for the film and CD Sacred Ground.
Releases with music composed and performed by Ishmael Reed (piano)

The Hands Of Grace (Reading Group, 2022), with Roger Glenn (flute and sax), Ray Obiedo
(guitar), Carla Blank (violin), Ronnie Stewart (electric guitar) and poet Tennessee Reed.
Blues Lyrics by Ishmael Reed (Konch Records, 2023) with the West Coast Blues Caravan of
All Stars: Art Hafen (trombone), Gregory "Gman" Simmons (bass), Michael Skinner (drums),
Ronnie Stewart (drums and guitar), Michael Robinson (keyboard) with David Murray
(saxophone) and Ishmael Reed (vocalist).

Selected public art installations, film and video collaborations

2021: Bad Attitude: The Art of Spain Rodriguez, a documentary film written and directed by
Susan Stern.
2018: I Am Richard Pryor, a documentary directed by Jesse James Miller and produced by
Jennifer Lee Pryor for Paramount Network.
2018: Personal Problems (1980), the experimental soap opera conceived and produced by
Reed and directed by Bill Gunn, was re-mastered and featured in The Groundbreaking Bill
Gunn at BAM Cinematek in 2010[75] and in 2018, was carefully restored by Kino Lorber (http
s://www.kinolorber.com/product/personal-problems-blu-ray) and is now available in DVD and
Blu-ray.
2017: LIT CITY banner along Washington Street in Buffalo, New York, as part of a
celebration of the city's literary history.
2013: SF JAZZ Center, which opened in January 2013, installs Reed's poem "When I Die I
Will Go to Jazz" on the center's North Gate in Linden Alley.
2013: Richard Pryor: Omit the Logic, a documentary film directed by Marina Zenovich.
Winner of an NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Documentary, TV.
2010–13: A collaborative public art installation work, Moving Richmond, for Richmond,
California's BART station, incorporates two Reed poems, written for this project after
meetings with Richmond residents, into two mounted iron sculptures by Mildred
Howard.[13][76][77]
2012: United States of HooDoo, a documentary film by Oliver Hardt and Darius James, was
released in Germany and premiered in August at the BlackStar Film Festival in Philadelphia.
 Reed is a featured participant.[78]
2011: "beware do not read this poem". Included in stone installation and audio recording by
Rochester Poets Walk, Rochester, New York.
2008: Boogie Man: The Lee Atwater Story, directed by Stefan Forbes, premiered as a
nationally distributed independent film that includes Reed in interview clips.
2004: A bronze plaque of Reed's poem "Going East", installed in the Berkeley Poetry Walk
in Berkeley, California, designated a National Poetry Landmark by the Academy of American
Poets
1990: James Baldwin: The Price of the Ticket. Independent film directed by Karin Thorsen,
includes Reed in interview clips and reading from Baldwin's work.
1972: "from the files of agent 22", Reed's poem, was posted in New York City buses and
subways, by Poetry in Public Places, during an American International Sculptors
Symposium project.

References
1. "Ishmael Reed Biography" (http://www.math.buffalo.edu/~sww/reed/reed_ishmael_bio.html).
Math.buffalo.edu. Retrieved September 20, 2011.
2. Reed, Ishmael (November 9, 2011). "Trouble Beside the Bay" (https://www.nytimes.com/201
1/11/09/opinion/trouble-beside-the-bay.html). The New York Times.
3. Reed, Ishmael (December 11, 2010). "What Progressives Don't Understand About Obama"
(https://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/12/opinion/12reed.html). The New York Times.
4. Reed, Ishmael (February 4, 2010). "Fade to White" (https://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/05/op
inion/05reed.html). The New York Times.
5. Reed, Ishmael (January 28, 2012). "Ishmael Reed on the Miltonian Origin of The Other" (htt
ps://web.archive.org/web/20120409201025/http://eastvillage.thelocal.nytimes.com/2012/01/
28/ishmael-reed-on-the-revolutionary-satanic-origin-of-the-other/). The New York Times.
Archived from the original (http://eastvillage.thelocal.nytimes.com/2012/01/28/ishmael-reed-
on-the-revolutionary-satanic-origin-of-the-other/) on April 9, 2012. Retrieved April 29, 2012.
6. Ludwig, Samuel (December 18, 2002). "Ishmael Reed" (http://www.litencyc.com/php/speopl
e.php?rec=true&UID=3731). The Literary Encyclopedia. Retrieved March 6, 2010.
7. Juan-Navarro, Santiago (2010). "Self-Reflexivity and Historical Revisionism in Ishmael
Reed's Neo-Hoodoo Aesthetics" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160304001043/http://www.s
juannavarro.com/files/ishmael.reed.pdf) (PDF). The Grove: Working Papers on English
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ael.reed.pdf) (PDF) on March 4, 2016. Retrieved March 25, 2011.
8. Mitchell, J. D. (September 13, 2011). "At Work: Ishmael Reed on 'Juice!' " (http://www.thepar
isreview.org/blog/2011/09/13/ishmael-reed-on-juice). The Paris Review.
9. Elliot Fox, Robert (September 20, 2011). "About Ishmael Reed's Life and Work" (https://we
b.archive.org/web/20181017105058/http://www.english.illinois.edu/maps/poets/m_r/reed/ab
out.htm). Modern American Poetry website. Archived from the original (http://www.english.illi
nois.edu/MAPS/poets/m_r/reed/about.htm) on October 17, 2018. Retrieved February 6,
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10. Gates, Jr., Henry Louis (2014). The Norton Anthology of African American Literature
(3rd ed.). New York: W. W. Norton and Company Inc. pp. 798–801.
11. Spina, Mary Beth (April 27, 1995), "UB to Hold Commencement Ceremonies May 12-14" (ht
tp://www.buffalo.edu/news/releases/1995/04/3344.html), News Center, University at Buffalo.
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Reed-African-American-Critics-Internet.aspx), Utne Reader (September/October 1998).
13. Blain, Keisha N. (October 7, 2019). "Writing for a Global Audience: An Interview with Poet
Ishmael Reed" (https://www.publicbooks.org/writing-for-a-global-audience-an-interview-with-
poet-ishmael-reed/). The North Star. Retrieved July 30, 2020.
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online/2023/01/14/new-flame-for-black-fire/). The New York Review. Retrieved January 16,
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nversation-with-ishmael-reed-by-reginald-martin/) (interview conducted July 1–7, 1983, in
Emeryville, California), The Review of Contemporary Fiction, Summer 1984, Vol. 4.2. At
Dalkey Archive Press.
16. Carla Blank's latest publication is Storming the Old Boys' Citadel: Two Pioneer Women
Architects of Nineteenth Century North America, Baraka Books, 2014, co-authored with
Tania Martin. She is also author of Rediscovering America: The Making of Multicultural
America, 1900–2000 (http://carlablank.com/), Three Rivers Press, 2003.
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today.org/blog/interviews/writing-without-permission-conversation-ishmael-reed-emily-doyl
e). World Literature Today. Interviewed by Emily Doyle. June 8, 2022. Retrieved July 24,
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19. Whiting, Sam (February 14, 2021). "Timothy Reed, author and daughter of poet Ishmael
Reed, dies at 60" (https://web.archive.org/web/20210218224528/https://datebook.sfchronicl
e.com/books/timothy-reed-author-and-daughter-of-poet-ishmael-reed-dead-at-60). SF
Chronicle Datebook. Archived from the original (https://datebook.sfchronicle.com/books/timo
thy-reed-author-and-daughter-of-poet-ishmael-reed-dead-at-60) on February 18, 2021.
20. Lucas, Julian (July 19, 2021). "Ishmael Reed Gets the Last Laugh" (https://www.newyorker.c
om/magazine/2021/07/26/ishmael-reed-gets-the-last-laugh). The New Yorker.
21. Reed, Ishmael (June 2020). The Terrible Fours. Baraka Books. ISBN 978-1771862431.
22. "Ishmael Reed's 'Life Among the Aryans' " (https://www.nuyorican.org/event/1462483-ishma
el-reed-s-life-among-new-york/) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20180225082605/htt
ps://www.nuyorican.org/event/1462483-ishmael-reed-s-life-among-new-york/) February 25,
2018, at the Wayback Machine, nuyorican.org, June 22, 2017.
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s-life-among-the-aryans), DoNYC, June 25, 2017. Retrieved June 11, 2022.
24. Scott, Ron (June 7, 2018), "‘Paradise Blue,’ Ishmael Reed’s Play" (http://amsterdamnews.co
m/news/2018/jun/07/paradise-blue-ishmael-reeds-play/?page=2), Amsterdam News.
25. JFondon, "In NYC until June 24: Ishmael Reed’s LIFE AMONG THE ARYANS, directed by
Rome Neal at the Nuyorican Poets Cafe" (https://unityfirst.com/2018/in-nyc-ishmael-reeds-lif
e-among-the-aryans-directed-by-rome-neal-at-the-nuyorican-poets-cafe-www-nuyorican-or
g/), UnityFirst.com, June 14, 2018. Retrieved June 11, 2022.
26. Vincentelli, Elisabeth (June 2, 2019), "Review: ‘The Haunting’ Has a Big Problem With
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a-review.html), The New York Times.
27. Arjini, Nawal (June 3, 2019), "Ishmael Reed Tries to Undo the Damage 'Hamilton' Has
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amilton-play-review/), The Nation. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20190702002701/h
ttps://www.thenation.com/article/ishmael-reed-haunting-of-lin-manuel-miranda-hamilton-play
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576879245) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20201110150847/https://www.powerhou
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29. "The Slave Who Loved Caviar - a new play about the life of Jean-Michel Basquiat" (https://w
ww.nuyorican.org/the-slave-who-loved-caviar), Nuyorican Poets Café.
30. "The Conductor (2023)" (https://web.archive.org/web/20230509164628/https://theaterforthe
newcity.net/shows/the-conductor-2023/). Theater for the New City. January 20, 2023.
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May 9, 2023. Retrieved May 9, 2023.
31. "THE SHINE CHALLENGE, 2024 at Nuyorican Poets Cafe Photos (https://www.broadwayw
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MX), Audible.
33. The Man Who Haunted Himself By: Ishmael Reed | Narrated by: Adam Lazzare White (http
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d-poems-of-calvin-c-hernton/), Wesleyan University Press, 2023.
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37. "Awol Erizku: Mystic Parallax" (https://aperture.org/books/awol-erizku-mystic-parallax/),
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38. "Conjure | Finalist, National Book Awards 1973 for Poetry" (https://www.nationalbook.org/bo
oks/conjure/). nationalbook.org/. National Book Foundation. Retrieved February 14, 2023.
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org/books/mumbo-jumbo/). nationalbook.org/. National Book Foundation. Retrieved
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di Poesia con Musica. March 12, 2016. Retrieved May 7, 2016.
45. "The Best American Poetry 2019" (https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/The-Best-Ame
rican-Poetry-2019/David-Lehman/9781982106560) at Simon & Schuster.
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fellows/12065-ishmael-reed) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20140714181404/http://
www.gf.org/fellows/12065-ishmael-reed) July 14, 2014, at the Wayback Machine, John
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es/ishmael-reed/). Retrieved January 16, 2024.
48. "Two Blacks Named MacArthur Foundation Fellows" (https://books.google.com/books?id=z
MMDAAAAMBAJ&dq=ishmael+reed+John+D.+and+Catherine+T.+MacArthur+Foundation&
pg=PA8), Jet, June 22, 1998, p. 8.
49. "Writer Ishmael Reed, lecturer in UC Berkeley's English Department, wins MacArthur
'genius' fellowship" (https://www.berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/98legacy/06-01-1998.ht
ml), News Release, Public Affairs. University of California, Berkeley, June 1, 1998.
50. "Otto Rene Castillo Award for Political Theatre" (https://www.theatermania.com/shows/new-y
ork-city-theater/otto-rene-castillo-award-for-political-theatre_120426), TheaterMania.
51. "Barbary Coast Award Honors Ishmael Reed" (http://www.jmek.net/lq2013b/events/barbary-
coast-award-honors-ishmael-re) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20151117025107/htt
p://www.jmek.net/lq2013b/events/barbary-coast-award-honors-ishmael-re) November 17,
2015, at the Wayback Machine, Litquake, October 2011. Archived (https://archive.today/201
40706195605/http://www.litquake.org/events/barbary-coast-award-honors-ishmael-re) 2014.
52. "Barbary Coast Award Recipients" (http://www.litquake.org/about/barbary-coast-award),
Litquake.
53. Simon, Jeff (February 20, 2014), "In Tribute to Ishmael Reed" (https://blogs.buffalonews.co
m/gusto/2014/02/in-tribute-to-ishmael-reed.html?ref=brp), The Gusto Blog,
Buffalonews.com. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20140225165841/http://blogs.buffal
onews.com/gusto/2014/02/in-tribute-to-ishmael-reed.html?ref=brp) February 25, 2014, at
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54. "Ishmael Reed among winners of Anisfield-Wolf Book Awards" (https://abcnews.go.com/Ent
ertainment/wireStory/ishmael-reed-winners-anisfield-wolf-book-awards-83883456). ABC
News. Associated Press. April 5, 2022. Retrieved April 6, 2022.
55. "Hurston/Wright Foundation Announces 2023 Legacy Award Nominees and Merit Awardees"
(https://hurstonwright.salsalabs.org/2023legacyawardsnominees), Hurston/Wright
Foundation, June 28, 2023.
56. "Lucille Clifton" (https://www.papermasters.com/lucille-clifton.html) at Paper Masters.
57. Miller, M. H. (February 9, 2018). "A Blind Publisher, Poet — and Link to the Lower East
Side's Cultural History" (https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/09/t-magazine/art/steve-cannon-
david-hammons.html). The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331 (https://search.worldcat.org/is
sn/0362-4331).
58. "Joe Johnson" (https://www.centerforthehumanities.org/programming/participants/joe-johnso
n). The Center for the Humanities. Retrieved December 18, 2020.
59. Konch Magazine (http://www.ishmaelreedpub.com). An Ishmael Reed and Tennessee Reed
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60. Goodstein, Laurie (September 8, 2009). "A Pakistani-American Family Is Caught in Some
Cultural Cross-Fire" (https://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/09/theater/09domestic.html?_r=1&s
cp=1&sq=wajahat&st=cse). The New York Times.
61. Jackson, Chris (Fall 2016), "Ishmael Reed, The Art of Poetry No. 100" (https://www.theparisr
eview.org/interviews/6806/ishmael-reed-the-art-of-poetry-no-100-ishmael-reed), The Paris
Review, No. 218.
62. Sehgal, Parul (March 14, 2011), "Native Son: A Profile of Ishmael Reed" (https://www.publis
hersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/authors/profiles/article/46448-native-son-a-profile-of-ishmael-re
ed.html), Publishers Weekly.
63. Busby, Margaret (October 21, 2000), "Do the Harlem shuffle" (https://www.theguardian.com/
books/2000/oct/21/biography), The Guardian.
64. Felicelli, Anita (September 8, 2018). "Satire and Subversion in Ishmael Reed's 'Conjugating
Hindi' " (https://lareviewofbooks.org/article/satire-and-subversion-in-ishmael-reeds-conjugati
ng-hindi/). Los Angeles Review of Books. Retrieved July 30, 2020.
65. Pareles, Jon (September 21, 1983), "JAZZ: Ishmael Reed Songs" (https://www.nytimes.co
m/1983/09/21/arts/jazz-ishmael-reed-songs.html), The New York Times.
66. Reed, Ishmael (January 18, 2019), "Grace Wales Bonner Tells Ishmael Reed About The
'Rhythmicality' Of Her Fashion" (https://www.interviewmagazine.com/fashion/grace-wales-bo
nner-ishmael-reed-conversation), Interview.
67. Singer, Olivia (February 17, 2019), "Wales Bonner" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/shows/autumn
-winter-2019-ready-to-wear/wales-bonner), Vogue.
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69. "Paris: Questlove’s Afro-Picks" (http://www.redbullmusicacademy.com/worldtour/paris/), Red
Bull Music Academy World Tour 2012, September 11, 2011.
70. Scott, Ron (December 8, 2022). "REVIEWS: Ishmael Reed, Matthew Shipp" (https://amsterd
amnews.com/news/2022/12/08/reviews-ishmael-reed-matthew-shipp/). New York
Amsterdam News.
71. Green, Bernice Elizabeth (March 23, 2023). "Playwright Ishmael Reed's inspired play, 'The
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nspired-play-the-conductor-delivers-timely-messages/). Our Time Press. Retrieved
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72. "New Play: THE CONDUCTOR" (https://ishmaelreed.org/), Ishmael Reed website.
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ust-2023/) at Theater for the New City.
74. "THE SHINE CHALLENGE, 2024 at Nuyorican Poets Cafe | Dates: (2/23/2024 - 4/15/2024)"
(https://www.broadwayworld.com/off-off-broadway/regional/THE-SHINE-CHALLENGE2024-
3858263). Broadway World, Off-Off-Broadway.
75. "BAMcinématek presents The Groundbreaking Bill Gunn, a tribute to the film work of the
African American screenwriter and director, April 1-4" (https://www.blackradionetwork.com/p
dfstories/1268710806.pdf), News Release, Brooklyn Academy of Music, March 15, 2010.
76. "BART Art Collection Inventory" (https://www.bart.gov/sites/default/files/docs/inventory%20fo
r%20posting.pdf) (PDF). San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District. June 2019. p. 3.
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78. The United States of Hoodoo (http://hoodoo.stokedfilm.com/) Archived (https://web.archive.o
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Further reading

Literature portal

Lucas, Julian. "The Yeehaw Papyrus," The New York Review of Books, May 15, 2022.[1]
Lucas, Julian. "Ishmael Reed Gets The Last Laugh", The New Yorker, online July 18,
2021.[2]
Gilyard, Keith. "Review of Ishmael Reed's 'Conjugating Hindi'." Tribes Magazine, July 9,
2018.[3]
Howell, Patrick A. "Ishmael Reed in Interview", Into the Void magazine, April 14, 2018.
Wang, Liya. Ishmael Reed and Multiculturalism. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and
Research Press, 2018.
Zeng, Yanyu. "Interview with Ishmael Reed." Journal of Foreign Languages and Cultures,
Hunan Normal University, Volume 1/No.1/December 2017.
Ludwig, Sami (ed.) American Multiculturalism in Context: Views from at Home and Abroad.
Newcastle upon Tyne, UK: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2017. Includes "Jazz Musicians
as Pioneer Multi-Culturalists, the Co-Optation of Them, and the Reason Jazz Survives" by
Ishmael Reed, pp. 189–199.
Paladin, Nicola, and Giogio Rimondi (eds). Una bussola per l'infosfera, con Ishmael Reed
tra musica e letteratura. Milano: Agenzia X, 2017. Includes Reed's address, "Da Willert Park
Courts a Palazzo Leoni Montanari," pp. 27–39.
Rimondi, Giorgio (ed.). Il grande incantatore per Ishmael Reed. Milan, Italy: Agenzia X,
2016. (Includes essays on Reed's work by Italian scholars and translations of 10 Reed
poems.)
Lin, Yuqing. A Study on Ishmael Reed's Neo-HooDoo Multiculturalism. Beijing: Intellectual
Property Publishing House, 2015. 《伊什梅尔•里德的"新伏都"多元文化主义研究》 ，北京：知
识产权出版社，2015.
Lin, Yuqing. "The Writing Politics of Multicultural Literature--An Interview with Ishmael Reed"
New Perspectives on World Literature, 2016(1) 《多元文化主义的写作政治——伊什梅尔·里
德访谈录》，《外国文学动态研究》
Lin, Yuqing. "Fight Media Hegemony with a Trickster's Critique: Ishmael Reed's Faction
about O.J. and Media Lynching". The Project on the History of Black Writing, September 10,
2014: [1] (http://projectbw.blogspot.com/2014/09/fight-media-hegemony-with-tricksters_65.ht
ml)
Wang, Liya. "Postcolonial Narrative Studies", Foreign Literature Study, no. 4, 2014. 《"后殖
民叙事学"》，《外国文学》，2014年第4期。
Ludwig, Sami (ed.). On the Aesthetic Legacy of Ishmael Reed: Contemporary Assessments.
Huntington Beach, California: World Parade Books, 2012.
Wang, Liya. "Irony and Allegory in Ishmael Reed's Japanese by Spring." Foreign Literature
Studies, No. 4. 2010. 论伊什梅尔·里德《春季日语班》中的反讽隐喻， 《外国文学》 2010年
第4期。
Wang, Liya. "History and Allegory in Ishmael Reed's Fiction." Foreign Literature Review, No.
4, 2010. 伊什梅尔·里德的历史叙述及其政治隐喻，外国文学评论，2010年第4期。
Zeng, Yanyu. "Identity Crisis and the Irony of Political Correctness in Ishmael Reed's
Japanese by Spring and Philip Roth's The Human Stain", Contemporary Foreign Literature,
No. 2, pp. 79–87, 2012.
Zeng, Yanyu. "Neo Hoodooism and Historiography in Ishmael Reed's Flight to Canada",
Contemporary Foreign Literature, No. 4, pp. 92–99, 2010.
Sirmans, Franklin (ed.). NeoHooDoo, Art for a Forgotten Faith. New Haven and London:
The Menil Foundation, Inc., distributed by Yale University Press, 2008. (Includes Sirmans'
interview with Reed, pp. 74–81.)
Lin, YuanFu. On Ishmael Reed's Postmodernist Fictional Art of Parody. Xiamen, China:
Xiamen University Press, 2008.
Mvuyekure, Pierre-Damien, with a preface by Jerome Klinkowitz. The "Dark Heathenism" of
the American Novelist Ishmael Reed: African Voodoo as American Literary Hoodoo.
Lewiston, NY: The Edwin Mellen Press Ltd, 2007.
Ross, Kent Chapin. Towards Postmodern Multiculturalism: A New Trend of African American
and Jewish American Literature Viewed Through Ishmael Reed and Philip Roth, Purdue
University: Philip Roth Studies, Vol. 3, No. 1, Spring 2007, pp. 70–73.[4]
Williams, Dana A. (ed.), African American Humor, Irony and Satire: Ishmael Reed, Satirically
Speaking. Newcastle, UK: Cambridge Scholars, 2007.
Ebbeson, Jeffrey, Postmodernism and its Others: the fiction of Ishmael Reed, Kathy Acker
and Don DeLillo. London and New York: Routledge, 2006.
Nishikawa, Kinohi. "Mumbo Jumbo", in Emmanuel S. Nelson (ed.), The Greenwood
Encyclopedia of Multiethnic American Literature. 5 vols. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press,
2005. pp. 1552–53.
Reed, Ishmael. "My 1960s" in Rediscovering America, the Making of Multicultural America,
1900–2000, written and edited by Carla Blank. Three Rivers Press, 2003, pp. 259–265.
Spaulding, A. Timothy. History, the Fantastic, and the Postmodern Slave Narrative. Chapter
1: "The Conflation of Time in Ishmael Reed's Flight To Canada and Octavia Butler's
Kindred". Columbia: The Ohio State University Press, 2005, pp. 25–60.[5]
Hume, Kathryn. American Dream, American Nightmare: Fiction Since 1960. Urbana and
Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 2000.
Dick, Bruce Allen (ed. with the assistance of Pavel Zemliansky). The Critical Response to
Ishmael Reed. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1999. (Includes Dick's 1997
telephone interview with Reed, pp. 228–250.)
McGee, Patrick. Ishmael Reed and the Ends of Race. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1997.
Ludwig, Sämi, Concrete Language: Intercultural Communication in Maxine Hong Kingston's
The Woman Warrior and Ishmael Reed's Mumbo Jumbo. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang,
Cross Cultural Communication Vol. 2, 1996; reissued in 2015.
Dick, Bruce, and Amritjit Singh (eds). Conversations With Ishmael Reed, Jackson:
University Press of Mississippi, 1995.
Joyce, Joyce A. "Falling Through the Minefield of Black Feminist Criticism: Ishmael Reed, A
Case in Point," Warriors, Conjurers and Priests: Defining African-centered Literary Criticism.
Chicago: Third World Press, 1994.
Nazareth, Peter. In the Trickster Tradition: The Novels of Andrew Salkey, Francis Ebejer and
Ishmael Reed. London: Bogle-L'Ouverture Press, 1994.
Weixlmann, Joe. "African American Deconstruction of the Novel in the Work of Ishmael
Reed and Clarence Major": MELUS 17 (Winter 1991): 57–79.[6]
Spillers, Hortense J. "Changing the Letter: The Yokes, the Jokes of Discourse, or, Mrs.
Stowe, Mr. Reed" in Deborah E. McDowell and Arnold Rampersad (eds), Slavery and the
Literary Imagination. Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1989,
pp. 25–61.
Gates, Henry Louis, Jr. The Signifying Monkey: A Theory of Afro-American Literary
Criticism, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1988.
Martin, Reginald. Ishmael Reed and the New Black Aesthetic Critics. New York: St. Martin's
Press, 1988.
Nazareth, Peter. "Heading Them Off at the Pass: The Fiction of Ishmael Reed", The Review
of Contemporary Fiction 4, no. 2, 1984.
O'Brien, John (ed.), The Review of Contemporary Fiction, Vol. 4, No. 2, Summer, 1984.
"Juan Goytisolo and Ishmael Reed Number". (Includes articles and interviews with Reed by
Reginald Martin, Franco La Polla, Jerry H. Bryant, W. C. Bamberger, Joe Weixlmann, Peter
Nazareth, James R. Lindroth, Geoffrey Green and Jack Byrne.)
Fabre, Michel. "Postmodernist Rhetoric in Ishmael Reed's Yellow Back Radio Broke Down".
In Peter Bruck and Wolfgang Karrer (eds), The Afro-American Novel Since 1960,
Amsterdam: B.R. Gruner Publishing Co., 1982, pp. 167–88.
Settle, Elizabeth A., and Thomas A. Settle. Ishmael Reed, a primary and secondary
bibliography. Boston: G.K. Hall & Co., 1982.
McConnell, Frank. "Da Hoodoo is Put on America", in A. Robert Lee (ed.), Black Fiction,
New Studies in the Afro-American Novel Since 1945. NY: Barnes & Noble Books, 1980.
Weixlmann, Joe, Robert Fikes, Jr., and Ishmael Reed. "Mapping out the Gumbo Works: An
Ishmael Reed Bibliography", Black American Literature Forum, Vol. 12, No. 1 (Spring 1978),
pp. 24–29. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/3041493.
Notes
1. Lucas, Julian (May 15, 2022). "The Yeehaw Papyrus" (https://www.nybooks.com/online/202
2/05/15/the-yeehaw-papyrus/). The New York Review of Books.
2. Lucas, Julian (July 26, 2021). "Ishmael Reed Gets The Last Laugh" (https://www.newyorker.
com/magazine/2021/07/26/ishmael-reed-gets-the-last-laugh). The New Yorker.
3. Gilyard, Keith (July 9, 2018). "Review of Ishmael Reed's 'Conjugating Hindi' " (https://www.tri
bes.org/web/2018/7/9/review-of-ishmael-reeds-conjugating-hindi). Tribes.
4. Ross, Kent Chapin (Spring 2007). "Towards Postmodern Multiculturalism: A New Trend of
African American and Jewish American Literature Viewed Through Ishmael Reed and Philip
Roth" (https://muse.jhu.edu/article/386394/pdf). Philip Roth Studies. 3 (1). Purdue University
Press: 70–73.
5. Spaulding, A. Timothy (2005), "The Conflation of Time in Ishmael Reed's Flight To Canada
and Octavia Butler's Kindred" (https://archive.org/details/reformingpasthis0000spau/page/2
5), in History, the Fantastic, and the Postmodern Slave Narrative, Columbia: Ohio State
University Press, pp. 25–60.
6. Weixlmann, Joe (Winter 1991). "African American Deconstruction of the Novel in the Work
of Ishmael Reed and Clarence Major" (https://web.archive.org/web/20151013061256/https://
www.questia.com/library/journal/1G1-13471996/african-american-deconstruction-of-the-nov
el-in-the). MELUS. 17 (4): 57–79. doi:10.2307/467268 (https://doi.org/10.2307%2F467268).
JSTOR 467268 (https://www.jstor.org/stable/467268). Archived from the original on October
13, 2015. Retrieved May 11, 2022. (excerpt).

External links
Official website (http://www.ishmaelreed.org)
Ishmael Reed (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0715460/) at IMDb
Ishmael Reed Publications (http://www.ishmaelreedpub.com/)
Appearances (https://www.c-span.org/person/?34107) on C-SPAN
In Depth (http://www.c-spanvideo.org/program/Ishma) interview with Reed, April 3, 2011
Jonathan McAloon, "Mumbo Jumbo: a dazzling classic finally gets the recognition it
deserves" (https://www.theguardian.com/books/booksblog/2017/aug/01/mumbo-jumbo-a-pe
nguin-classic-2017-ishmael-reed#img-1), The Guardian (London), August 1, 2017.
"Ishmael Reed" (https://aalbc.com/authors/author.php?author_name=Ishmael+Reed) at
African American Literature Book Club (AALBC).

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