International Journal of Heritage, Tourism and Hospitality vol.

15, issue 1 (2021), 51-63

International Journal of Heritage, Tourism and Hospitality

journal homepage: https://ijhth.journals.ekb.eg

Arab Tourist Behavior in the Egyptian Tourist Destination

Mohammed Anter , Mohamed Adel Atia
Faculty of Tourism and Hotels, Minia University, Egypt

ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT

Keywords: This research aims to study the behavior of the Arab tourist in the
Arab Tourist Egyptian tourist destination from several aspects, the most important
Behavior of which is the level of dealing with service providers, and his
Egyptian Tourist Destination tendencies and rates of spending and consumption in the Egyptian
Tourist Services tourist destination. The researchers designed a scale that was
Tourist Markets distributed to a random sample of employees in the tourism and hotel
fields. One of the most important nationalities of the sample was the
Saudi Arabia, Emirates, Kuwait, and Libya tourists. The research
tool was designed on the google form website. The tool was
electronically distributed to the study sample, and the correct
responses came with 391 complete answers. The researchers used the
program of Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS V.22) to
reach the required results, the most important result is that the rate of
satisfaction of tourism service providers with the behavior of Arab
tourists is high because of tourists’ good ethics in dealing and always
satisfied with the services provided without clear complaints, Arab
tourists are the best of tourists because of their behavior in paying for
service, tips, and spending. In the end, the research recommended the
need to preserve this type of tourist market due to its distinguishment
of a set of advantages that are not available in other tourist markets.

©2021 Faculty of Tourism and Hotels, Fayoum University All rights reserved

1. Introduction
Consumer behavior as a powerful concern for the For Horner and Swarbrooke (1996), studying
whole marketing activities that aim to promote and consumer behavior is to explain why people buy a
sell tourism products also, defines tourism particular product and how they make their own
consumer behavior as “the collective of its acts, decisions about it. Similarly, Engel et al. (2001)
attitudes and decisions concerning choosing, buying treat travel as a combination of activities that
and consuming tourism products and services, and directly involve obtaining, consuming, and
also its post-consuming reactions” Jobber (2004). disposing of products and services. This includes
According to McColl et al. (1994), consumer the processes of decision-making that precedes and
behavior is “the activities a person takes towards follows these actions. Vuuren and Slabbert (2011)
purchasing and using products and services, also refer to travel behavior as the way in which
including the decision-making process that precedes tourists behave according to their attitudes before,
and determines those actions”. during and after travelling. Rakib et al. (2021)


Contact Mohammed Anter at: anter82@mu.edu.eg
 M. Anter et M.A. Atia / IJHTH vol 15 issue 1 (2021) 51-63

Consumer behavior is defined as being full of factors. These factors can be grouped in three main
vitality, and careful perception of this exciting categories: the first category consists of personal
behavior is the foundation of an effective tourism factors, such as tourists’ personality, self-image,
business. Erasmus et al. (2001) stated that the study attitudes, motivations, perceptions, life-style, age,
of consumer behavior is to adapt to the specific family life-style, profession; the second category
situations or products that are the subject of contains social factors, such as culture, family,
purchase. They argue that in the decision-making social class, reference groups; while the third
process, individual decisions can hold more or category consists of situational factors, such as time,
fewer risks, depending on the final product. physical ambiance, social ambiance, state of mind.
However, Swarbrooke and Honor (2007) suggest Yet one can detect an individual’s needs through
that the difficulty of consumer behavior in travel interpreting such factors.
reflects the extensive participation in purchasing Juvan et al. (2017) identify nine primary concepts
decisions, high consumer commitment, greater relevant to tourist behavior in the tourist field:
influence by others, long-term decision-making, decision-making, values, motivation, self-concept,
considerable emotional importance, and travel expectations, attitude, perception, satisfaction and
suppliers. product, A high level of information trust and loyalty.
search and an invisible sense of insecurity. First, the concept of ‘decision-making’ of the tourist
This research aims to investigate the behavioral is a complex one that includes planned, unplanned
characteristics of Arabs international tourists who and impulse purchases. For Scott et al. (2014),
visit Egypt as individually or perceived by hotel decision-making, in some models, is one of the
representatives and Egyptian tour guides. So that, initial stages of the purchase, while even included
the researchers asked these questions: by others as a central element of the tourist behavior
- Is there a clear difference in the behavior of Arab model.
tourists within the Egyptian tourist destination? Second, there is the ‘values’ concept in the field of
- Is the behavior of the Arab tourist in the Egyptian marketing. It greatly affects the consumer when
tourist destination characterized by lack of choosing between product categories, brands, and
discipline generally? attributes. In addition, this concept has a vital role
in guiding the consumers and directing their actions,
2. Literature Review
behaviors, emotions, and judgments (Crick-Furman
Ozer (2012) stated that tourists spend a short time in and Prentice, 2000).
the holiday location their interaction with the locals Third, the ‘motivation’ concept to which tourism
is limited. Especially the relations of tourists who academics pay more attention. This leads to its
lodge in the holiday villages and outside the importance in marketing decisions, such as
residential areas are short to contact with tourism segmentation, product development, advertising
professionals. As example, Tourism professionals and positioning (Bieger and Laesser, 2004).
are those directly connected to the airport, customs Fourth, as for the ‘self-concept’, various studies
officers, police, drivers, travel agencies, hotel have explored its significance on the image and the
employees, vendors, guides, and other related selection of the destination and travel intentions, as
workers (Avcıkurt, 2003). Oana and Mihai (2010) well as on personality, which can be regarded as a
and Kotler et al. (2004) agree that there are certain part of self-concept. Personality, as Scott et al.
factors that affect the travel behavior of tourists (2014) clarify, is an important factor in the
visiting a particular area as follows: First, cultural processes of decision-making, attitude changing,
factors (culture, sub culture and social class); innovation perception, and risk-taking.
second, social factors (groups, family, social roles Fifth, the ‘expectations’ concept can be unfulfilled,
and status); third, personal factors (age and lifestyle reached, or exceeded. Sheng and Chen (2000) point
stage, occupation and economic situation, out that a tourist experience that meets or exceeds
personality and self-concept); and finally, their expectations will always remain positively in
psychological factors (motivation, perception, their memory. They maintain that expectations are
learning, beliefs and attitudes). Likewise, Fratu based on previous experience, personal ‘word of
(2011) shows that the consumer behavior is mouth’ and impersonal ‘advertising’ sources,
influenced by many factors: psychological factors, personal characteristics (e.g., gender, ethnicity), and
social factors, cultural factors and even natural motivation.

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Sixth, "attitude" is defined as the relation to the restraint, special alliances (mainly refer to crimes
attributes of the person of the object (for example, composed of young people) Gangs) people), the
the characteristics of a tourist destination can form existence of different social classes, provocations,
the image of the destination), or it is defined more and opportunism. Similarly, Wu (2015) pointed out
broadly as a general attitude. However, measuring that it is the interaction of these internal and external
tourists 'attitudes towards travel provider services, factors that affect the negative behavior, sometimes
destinations, and trademarks is challenging because it is the main factor that causes the client's negative
it requires exploring tourists' moods and emotions behavior, and sometimes it is the factor that
while measuring these attitudes (Rittichainuwat and compensates for other factors to prevent this from
Chakraborty, 2009). happening. behavior.
Seventh, George (2010) believes that "perception"
2.1. Consumer travel Motivation
is one of the most interesting concepts in marketing.
He explained that the research on tourism Hassan et al. (2017) mentioned that the motivation
perception focuses mainly on the perception of risk to pay tourists to travel are their opinions,
and safety, including the perception of crime. expectations, and their experiences. First, we must
Eighth, the concept of "satisfaction" and consumer pay special attention to the opinions of tourists.
satisfaction data are considered important Tourism is no longer considered simply a universal
information for researchers. They agree that and homogeneous phenomenon; it is essentially a
satisfaction is related to the purchase or evaluation contemporary phenomenon, so it must be analyzed
of the different elements of the purchase in the broader context of modernity (Wang et al.
(McKercher, 2005). 2011). According to Pike (2008), the decision-
Ninth, ‘trust and loyalty are two interconnected making process begins with motivation. Similarly,
elements in models of consumer behavior. For Han Chang (2007) showed that when tourists seek to
and Kim (2010), no lasting loyalty can be created satisfy a certain need or desire, motivation will
without trust. In addition, Scott et al. (2014) stated appear, which can be regarded as a very important
that the research on tourist loyalty must consider the variable related to their travel decisions and
uniqueness of the tourism industry. satisfaction results. George (2010) and March &
Boca (2021) confirmed that a consumer behavior Woodside (2005) agree that travel motivation can
study will reveal the following: consumer be regarded as one of the most effective
perceptions and feelings about multiple options; psychological effects on consumer behavior. They
What are the effects of consumer choices among the are the inner state of a person (i.e., certain needs and
many options? Consumer behavior through research desires of a person), which force them to act or
and purchase; how the consumer's environment behave in a specific way, thereby maintaining
(friends, family, media) affects their behavior. In human behavior and the energy level of the human
addition, Boca (2021) pointed out that there are body (Decrop, 2006). Oana and Mihai (2010) Then
three types of factors that affect consumer behavior: it is considered that “gender” is regarded as an
Personal factors: personal interests and opinions can aspect of demographics, and the tourism industry
be affected by demographic data (age, gender, seems to think that this determines personal
culture, education); psychological factors: personal motivations. In addition, there are different
response to Marketing information will depend on products, such as golf trips or shopping trips, that
your views and attitudes; social factors: family, seem to be based solely on the desire to match the
friends, education, social networks, and income perceived motivation of men and women. However,
influence consumer behavior. Wu, (2015) stated when considering a variety of personal motivations,
that a variety of reasons caused negative customer there is some evidence that there is little difference
behavior. Fullerton & Punj’s (2004). Based on between the sexes.
abnormal behavior in existence of sociology, Culture is also considered to be an important factor
criminology and psychology research article, which in explaining consumer behavior, as well as an
provides a basic interactive structure model to important consideration for managers and marketers
explain negative customer behavior, and explain in (O¨zdemir and Yolal, 2017). For Hofstede (2001),
detail the motives of improper behavior, including culture is "a collective thinking process that
the existence of unmet consumer expectations, distinguishes the members of one type of people
abnormal stimulation-seeking, lack of moral from the members of another type". Moreover, the

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culture associated with nationality, as Chen (2000) formulated to ensure the achievement of the
mentions, has been widely recognized as one of the objectives of the study. In addition, open-ended
most influential factors that distinguish peoples’ questions were used, so that the respondents were
attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors.Pinto and Castro left free to answer them without being restricted to
(2019) report that understanding the motivations specific answers prepared in advance. After
that motivate consumers to want destinations, designing the questionnaire, an initial sample test
homes, and / or services can improve services and was conducted to ensure the integrity, clarity and
meet existing consumer needs. By using this order of the wording, and then the form was
information, consumer behavior can be understood prepared in its final form after taking all the
NS. Furthermore, the purchase decision process is observations into account and making some
the result of a complex process and is affected by amendments to meet the main requirements of the
internal and external factors (Swarbrooke and field study.
Horner, 2007). Motivation, self-concept, The validity and reliability of the questionnaire
personality, attitude, perspectives, opinions and were tested by two methods:
opinions, lifestyle and previous experience are 1. Content Validity: The questionnaire forms were
internal factors that affect tourist behavior. In shown to a group of arbitrators with academic
addition, external influences also include culture, experience to benefit from their scientific and
morals, demographics, reference groups, word of practical experience and to measure the clarity,
mouth, harm, and other political Variability ease, validity and suitability of the form to achieve
between people (Rafael and Almeida, 2017). the objective of the field aspect of the study.
The seventh day newspaper (2017) reported that the 2. Consistency Validity: It is to verify the extent to
number of Arab tourists visiting Egypt reached which each of the questionnaire's statements is
235.1 thousand in 2017 compared to the same related to the section under which it falls. It also
period of last year, according to the report issued by shows the reliability of the questionnaire
the Central Agency For mobilization and statistics. statements, that they are free from coincidence
Said and Saudi Arabia (2018) reported that the errors, and the validity of the internal consistency.
number of Arab tourists visiting Egypt reached Several statistical tools were used to process the
202,400 (2018). Furthermore, among the Arab questionnaire data using the statistical packages
countries that export the most to Egypt, Saudi software program (SPSS version.22) to reach the
Arabia ranks first with 23.8%, followed by Libya required results. The statistical processes used in
with 17.1% and Sudan with 12.2%. In September analyzing the questionnaire are as follows:
2017, the number of Arab tourists leaving Arab – Using the 5-Point Likert Scale.
countries reached 257,200. The seventh day
newspaper (2017) reported also, tourists departing – Using the descriptive measures, which are
from Arab countries spent 4 million tourist nights represented in:
during September, an increase of 145.1% over the ▪ Frequency, and percentage values, on the 5-Point
same month last year. The increase in the number of Likert Scale.
tourist nights was 2.3 million nights. Saudi Arabia ▪ Using the reliability coefficient to measure the
had the largest share of tourist nights by 33.1%, extent of the internal interdependence and
Followed by Libya with 14.9% and Sudan with credibility of the variables used in the
10.7%. questionnaire. The value of the reliability
coefficient (alpha) was 0.828, and the value of
3. Methodology the validity coefficient was 0.910, which are
The field study relied on the descriptive analytical considered high percentages that indicate the
approach by designing and distributing extent of reliability and validity of the sample,
questionnaire forms to a random of employees in the and, therefore, it is possible to rely on the results
tourism and hotel fields to know the opinion of the reached.
study sample on the ethics of Arab nationalities in – Using the regression coefficient.
dealing with others. The questionnaire included six The researchers applied the questionnaire to a
dimensions. random sample of employees in the tourism and
The clarity of the statements was considered so that hotel fields, whose number reached (401)
they are simple and accurate, and the questions were respondents, and (10) forms were excluded, so that

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the total of the correct forms recovered was (391) services through four statements. The fourth
forms with a response rate of (97.5%). dimension measures the maintenance of public
places through four statements, and the fifth-
4. Findings
dimension deals with the tendencies towards
The results of the field study show a set of statistical drinking alcoholic beverages and prohibited drinks
results represented in the validity of the through three statements. The sixth-dimension
questionnaire, calculating the validity and reliability measures spending and purchasing behavior
coefficient, frequencies and percentages, arithmetic through four statements. The reliability and validity
mean, standard deviation, and regression of the questionnaire were confirmed by calculating
coefficient. Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The reliability and
4.1. Validity and reliability validity were calculated for all statements,
indicating that the reliability coefficient was higher
In its first form, the questionnaire included six main than (0.828). In addition, the validity coefficient
dimensions. The first dimension measures the ethics was higher than (0.910), and this indicates that the
of dealing with others through five-statements, the questionnaire enjoys a high degree of reliability and
second-dimension deals with sexual orientation validity that reassures the researchers to apply it to
through four statements, and the third-dimension the study sample as shown in table
deals with commitment to pay for government

Table 1
Cronbach's alpha values for the study variables
Items’ Stability coefficient Validity
Dimensions Statements
number Cronbach's Alpha value coefficient*
First Ethics of dealing with others 5 0.721 0.849
Second Sexual orientation 4 0.783 0.885
Third Commitment to pay for government services 4 0.742 0.861
Fourth Maintaining public spaces 4 0.793 0.891
Fifth Tendencies to consume alcoholic beverages and prohibited 3 0.742 0.861
drinks
Sixth Spending and purchasing behavior 4 0.722 0.850
The validity coefficient was calculated using the root of the reliability coefficient

4.2. Descriptive Analysis Figure 1.

The study used the descriptive-analytical method, Area of expertise
through which the researchers tried to describe the
subject of the study, analyze its data, and clarify the
relationship between its components, and the
opinions about it. It is clear from the following
figure that the areas of expertise for the study
sample of Arab nationalities were in Tourism
management in the first place with a rate of 22.8%, 5. Discussion
followed by the Hotels sector with 20.7%, while
marketing came in the last rank with 17.9%. 5.1. Ethics of dealing with other
Table 2
Ethics of dealing with
others
Statement SD. D. N. A. SA Average St. Devi. Ranking Direction
I see that the Arabs deals tactfully with others. 1.3 17.6 28.1 49.1 3.8 3.37 0.860 1 High
I think that most Arabs are always dissatisfied
1.3 41.7 41.4 14.6 1 2.72 0.762 4 Average
with the level of services provided.
They always make trouble with others. 1.8 38.9 43 15.6 0.8 2.75 0.764 3 Average
I think that the Arabs is waiting for the Average
3.1 40.9 39.4 15.9 0.8 2.70 0.797 5
opportunity to file complaints against others.
The Arab always respects others. 3.1 20.7 36.6 37.9 1.8 3.15 0.872 2 Average

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Overall average 2.94 Average

Table (2) shows the opinions of the respondents on Nationality Frequencies

the ethics of interacting with others, the most Saudi Arabia 175
UAE 142
important of which is "I see that Arabs interact
Kuwait 132
appropriately with others", 49.1% of people agree, Libya 82
3.8% of people fully agree. The average is 3.37, the Oman 20
standard deviation is 0.860. "Arabs always respect Lebanon 13
others" comes second, with an agreement rate of Sudan 9
37, 9%, a strong agreement rate of 1.8%, an Bahrain 5
Jordan 9
average of 3.15, and a standard deviation of 0.872.
Tunisia 8
"I think Arabs are waiting for the opportunity to
Table (3) shows the nationalities of the research
complain to others" was the last one, with 15.9% of
samples. Saudi nationality ranks first, with 175
people agreeing and 0.8% of people disagreeing.
Saudis. In second place are UAE nationals with
The arithmetic mean is 2.70 and the standard
142, and Kuwaiti nationals with 132 in third place,
deviation is 0.797.
and Bahraini nationals at the bottom with 5 people.
Table 3
5.2. Tendencies towards sex
What are the nationalities to which your answer
concerning the previous statements applies most? (More
than one nationality can be selected.)

Table 4
Orientation towards sex
Statement SD. D. N. A. SA Average St. Devi Ranking Direction
I think that the Arabs always practices vice. 2.3 50.9 31.2 15.3 0.3 2.60 0.860 1 Average
I see that the Arabs harasses others. 0.8 39.9 46 12.8 0.5 2.72 0.762 4 Average
The majority of Arabs do scandalous acts. 1.5 48.6 35.8 13.8 0.3 2.63 0.764 3 Average
The Arabs is always looking for women
1.8 25.8 37.3 33.8 1.3 3.07 0.797 5 Average
who give pleasure.
Overall average 2.76 Average

Table (4) shows the opinions of respondents about Tunisia 6

sexual orientation, the most important of which is Sudan 10
Bahrain 4
"Arab men always look for women who give
Jordan 10
happiness", 37.3% are neutral, 33.8% are of agree, Lebanon 11
25.8% disagree, average 3.07 and standard. The Table (5) shows the nationalities of the study
difference was 0.846, and "I saw Arabs harassing sample. The Saudi nationals were in the first place,
others" ranked second, 46% were neutral, 39.9% and their number was 185 Saudis; the Kuwaiti
disagree, the arithmetic mean was 2.72 and the nationals came in the second place, and their
standard deviation was 0.709. "I think Arabs number was 142. In third place were the Emirati
always do bad things" was the last one, with 50.9% nationals, whose number was 141, while in the last
disagree, 31.2% neutral, and the arithmetic mean place the Bahraini nationals were 4.
was 2.60 and the standard deviation was 0.780.
5.3. Commitment to pay for government services
Table 5
The next table, (6) shows the opinions of
What are the nationalities to which your answer
concerning the previous statements applies most? (More
respondents about government service payment
than one nationality can be selected.) commitments. The most important of them is "I
Nationality Frequencies think Arabs are one of the two best people who pay
Saudi Arabia 185 for services." 34.8% of the people agree and 1.5%
UAE 141 of the people totally agree. The mean is 3.12 and
Kuwait 142 the standard deviation is 0.826. Arabs ranked
Libya 81
second in terms of paying service fees and tipping
Oman 19
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workers, the settlement rate was 27.3%, the neutral with a neutral rate of 44.5%, a disagreement rate of
rate was 45.3%, the arithmetic mean was 3.00 and 42.5%, an average of 2.69, and a standard deviation
the standard deviation of 0.801. "I think Arabs are of 0.714.
always hurt by paying for services" was the latter,
Table 6
Commitment to pay for government services
Statement SD. D. N. A. SA Average St. Devi Ranking Direction
I think the Arab man is one of the two
1.5 22.5 39.6 34.8 1.5 3.12 0.826 1 Average
best men in paying for the service.
I think the Arab man is not committed
0.3 37.3 51.2 10.7 0.5 2.74 0.667 3 Average
to paying full for the service.
I think Arab men are always hurt by
1 42.5 44.5 11.3 0.8 2.69 0.714 4 Average
paying for services.
The Arab man is distinguished with
paying for the service and leaving tips 2.3 24.3 45.3 27.3 0.8 3.00 0.801 2 Average
for the workers
Overall average 2.89 Average

Table (7) In the last place were Bahraini nationals and their
What are the nationalities to which your answer number was 3.
concerning the previous statements applies most? (More 5.4 Maintaining Public Places
than one nationality can be selected.)
Nationality Frequencies Table (8) shows the respondents' opinions about
Saudi Arabia 198 maintaining public places. The most important of
UAE 125 them is "I think that the Arab man always over
Kuwait 143
consumes in general” with 65.2% neutral and
Libya 106
Oman 21 16.6% agree, with an arithmetic average of 3.01
Tunisia 12 and a standard deviation of 0.640, while “I see that
Sudan 10 the Arab man always misuses public facilities”
Bahrain 3 came in the second place with 46% Neutral and
Jordan 11 33% Disagree, with an arithmetic mean of 2.82 and
Lebanon 8
a standard deviation of 0.780. "I see that the Arab
Table (7) shows the nationalities of the study man does not maintain government public places"
sample, with Saudi nationals in the first place, and came in the last place with a percentage of 52.4%
their number was 198. In the second place came Disagree and 32.7% Neutral, with an arithmetic
Kuwaiti nationals, who numbered 143, and mean of 2.58 and a standard deviation of 0.749.
Emiratis whose number was 125 in the third place.
Table 8
Maintaining Public Places
Statement SD. D. N. A. SA Average St. Devi Ranking Direction
I see that the Arab man does not
1.5 52.4 32.7 12.8 0.5 2.58 0.749 4 Average
maintain government public places.
I think that the Arab man always
1 16.1 65.2 16.6 1 3.01 0.640 1 Average
over consumes in general.
I see that the Arab man always leaves
0.5 41.4 43.2 14.1 0.8 2.73 0.732 3 Average
behind some waste.
I see that the Arab man always
2.3 33.0 46 17.6 1 2.82 0.780 2 Average
misuses public facilities
Overall average 2.79 Average

Table (9) shows the nationality of the research Table (9)

sample. Saudi nationals rank first with 191 people. What are the nationalities to which your answer
This is followed by Kuwaiti nationals with 159 concerning the previous statements applies most? (More
people. The UAE is third with 129 people. Finally, than one nationality can be selected.)
Bahraini nationals and their number is 3. Nationality Frequencies
Saudi Arabia 198

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UAE 125 prohibited beverages. The most important one is

Kuwait 143 "Arabs always go to bars to drink alcoholic
Libya 106
beverages", the ratio is 40.9% neutral and 33.2%
Oman 21
Tunisia 12 are consistent, the average is 3.13, the standard
Sudan 10 deviation is 0.818, and "Arabs always insist on
Bahrain 3 drinks" drinking rule ranking Second, “49.9%
Jordan 11 neutral, 32% disagree, the arithmetic mean is 2.85,
Lebanon 8 and the standard deviation is 0.723. Arabs drink
5.5 Tendencies towards alcohol and prohibited some alcoholic beverages excessively” came last,
drinks with a percentage of 39.9%, neutral at divergence
and 39.1%, with a mean value 2.78, the standard
Table (10) shows the respondents' views on deviation is 0.78.
consumption trends of alcoholic beverages and
Table 10
Tendencies to consume alcoholic beverages and prohibited items
Statement SD. D. N. A. SA Average St. Devi Ranking Direction
I see that the Arabs drinks some
1.3 39.9 39.1 18.9 0.8 2.78 0.789 3 Average
alcoholic beverages excessively.
The Arabs always adheres to the
0.8 32 49.9 17.4 0.5 2.85 0.723 2 Average
rules of drinking.
Arabs always goes to bars for
1 22.8 40.9 33.2 2 3.13 0.818 1 Average
alcoholic drinks.
Overall average 2.92 Average

Table (11) Sudan 11

What are the nationalities to which your answer Bahrain 4
concerning the previous statements applies most? (More Jordan 12
than one nationality can be selected.) Lebanon 10
Nationality Frequencies Table (11) shows the nationalities of the research
Saudi Arabia 211 samples. Saudi citizens ranked first with 211; UAE
UAE 148 citizens ranked second with 148; Kuwaiti ranked
Kuwait 145
third with 145; and Bahraini citizens ranked last
Libya 97
Oman 15 with 4.
Tunisia 13 5.6. Spending and Purchasing Behavior
Table 12
Spending and Purchasing Behavior
Statement SD. D. N. A. SA Average St. Devi Ranking Direction
I see that Arabs are the most in
2 31.7 40.7 23 2.6 2.92 0.853 4 Average
spending rates among nationalities.
The Arabs only spends on items
0.5 19.2 65.5 14.4 0.8 2.95 0.618 3 Average
specific.
The Arabs is characterized by the
0.8 23 44.5 28.9 2.8 3.10 0.809 1 Average
ability to buy everything he likes.
The Arab man is characterized in his
purchasing behavior as a rational 2.3 23.3 46.8 26.9 0.8 3.01 0.791 2
tourist.
Overall average 3.00 Average

Table (12) shows the opinions of the respondents and "The purchasing behavior of Arabs"
about consumption and purchase behavior. The Characterized by rational tourists "ranked second,
most important of them is "Arab men are 46.8% was neutral, 26.9% agreed, the arithmetic
characterized by being able to buy everything they mean was 3.01 and the standard deviation was
like", the neutral proportion is 44.5%, the 0.791. “I see that Arabs have the highest spending
agreement proportion is 28.9%, the arithmetic rate among all ethnic groups.” 40.7% are neutral
mean is 3, 10 and the standard deviation is 0.809,
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and 31.7% disagree, with an average of 2.58 and a hence the independent variable and the dependent
standard deviation of 0.749. variable.
Table 13 Table 16
What are the nationalities to which your answer Coefficient of sexual orientation and its impact on the
concerning the previous statements applies most? (More ethics of dealing with others
than one nationality can be selected) Model Unstandardized Standardize T Sig
coefficients coefficients
Nationality Frequencies β Std. Beta
Saudi Arabia 97 Error
UAE 65
Kuwait 68 1 constant 11.026 0.464 23.751 .000
Libya 41 performance 0.332 0.041 0.379 8.067 .000
Oman 8 level
Tunisia 11 It can be seen from the above table that when
Sudan 9 observing the regression coefficient (β), the
Bahrain 2 statistical constant (α) is equal to 11.026, and the
Jordan 6
Lebanon 8
significance level is less than 5%. It is also obvious
Table (13) shows the nationalities of the study that sexual orientation directly affects the ethics of
sample, with Saudi nationals in the first place and interacting with others, because the value of β is
their number was 97. In second place came Kuwaiti equal to 0.332, and the significance level is less
nationals who numbered 68, and Emiratis whose than 1%.
number was 65 in the third place. In the last place Second: Commitment to pay for government
came Bahraini nationals and their number was 2. services and its impact on the ethics of dealing with
others
5.7. Regression
Table 17
First: Tendencies towards Sex and its Impact on Coefficient of determination
the Ethics of Dealing with Others Model R R2 Adjusted R2 (Std. Error of the
Table 14 Estimate)
1 0.469 0.220 0.218 1.86376
Coefficient of determination From the previous table, the determination
Model R R2 Adjusted R2 (Std. Error of the coefficient is equal to 0.469, which means that the
Estimate)
1 0.379 0.143 0.141 1.95322
commitment to pay for government services and its
It is clear from the previous table that the impact on the morality of interacting with others in
coefficient of determination is equal to 0.379, the evaluation is 46.9%.
meaning that there is a significant effect of sexual Table 18
orientation and its impact on the ethics of dealing Analysis of variance to test the significance of the
with others by 37.9%. regression
Table 15 Model Sum of DF Mean F Sig.
Squares Square
Analysis of variance to test the significance of the 1 Regression 381.077 1 381.077 109.707 .000
regression Residual 1351.230 389 3.474
Model Sum of DF Mean F Sig. Total 1732.307 390
Squares Square It is clear from the previous table that there is a real
1 Regression 248.248 1 248.248 65.071 0.000 and significant effect between the two variables as
Residual 1484.059 389 3.815
Total 1732.307 390
the value of (F) is equal to 109.707 with a
As can be seen from the above table, since the value significant level of less than 5%. In addition, we
of (F) is equal to 65,071 and the significance level find that the probability value is equal to 0.000
is less than 5%, there is a real and significant which is less than the level of significance 0.05, so
influence between the two variables. In addition, we will reject the null hypothesis and accept the
we find that the probability value is equal to 0.000 alternative hypothesis that the regression is
and is less than the significance level of 0.05, so we significant, and therefore there is a relationship
will reject the null hypothesis and accept the between the independent variable and the
alternative hypothesis of regression significance, dependent variable.
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Table 19 Model Unstandardized Standardize T Sig

coefficients coefficients
Coefficient of commitment to -ay for government β Std. Beta
services and its impact on the ethics of dealing with Error
others
Model Unstandardized Standardize T Sig 1 constant 10.050 0.525 19.141 .000
coefficients coefficients performance 0.416 0.046 0.414 8.983 .000
β Std. Beta level
Error As can be clearly seen in the table above, when
1 constant 7.843 0.660 11.884 .000 observing the regression coefficient (β), the
performance 0.593 .057 .469 10.474 .000 statistical constant (α) is equal to 10,050 and the
level level of significance is less than 5%. It is also
By looking at the regression coefficient (β), clear obvious that maintaining public places has a direct
the statistical constant (α) is equal to 7.843 and with impact on the morality of dealing with others,
a level of significance less than 5%. Also, the because the value of β is equal to 0.416 and the
commitment to pay for government services level of significance is less than 1%.
directly affects the ethics of dealing with others, as Fourth: Tendencies towards Drinking Alcohol and
the value of β is equal to 0.593 with a significance Prohibited Drinks and its Impact on the Ethics of
level of less than 1%. Dealing with Others
Third: Maintaining Public Places and Its Impact
Table 23
on the Ethics of Dealing with Others
Determination coefficient
Table 20 Model R R2 Adjusted R2 (Std. Error of the
Determination coefficient Estimate)
Model R R2 Adjusted R2 (Std. Error of the 1 0.300 0.090 0.087 2.01327
Estimate) From the above table that the coefficient of
1 0.414 0.172 0.10.17041 1.92047 determination is equal to 0.300, that is, the
Furthermore, the coefficient of determination is consumption trend of alcoholic beverages and
equal to 0.414, meaning that there is a significant prohibited beverages and their significant impact
effect of maintaining public places and its impact on the moral impact of interacting with others is
on the ethics of dealing with others by 41.4%. 30%.
Table 21 Table 24
Analysis of variance to test the significance of the Analysis of variance to test the significance of the
regression regression
Model Sum of DF Mean F Sig. Model Sum of DF Mean F Sig.
Squares Square Squares Square
1 Regression 297.602 1 297.602 80.691 .000 1 Regression 155.597 1 155.597 38.388 .000
Residual 1434.705 389 3.688 Residual 1576.710 389 4.053
Total 1732.307 390 Total 1732.307 390
Moreover, there is a real and significant effect Since the value of (F) is equal to 38.338 and the
between the two variables, as the value of (F) is significance level is less than 5%, there is a real and
equal to 80,691 and with a significant level of less significant influence between the two variables. In
than 5%. In addition, we find that the probability addition, we find that the probability value is equal
value is equal to 0.000, which is less than the level to 0.000 and is less than the significance level of
of significance 0.05, so we will reject the null 0.05, so we will reject the null hypothesis and
hypothesis and accept the alternative hypothesis accept the alternative hypothesis of regression
that the regression is significant and therefore there significance, therefore the independent variable
is a relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable.
and the dependent variable.
Table 25
Table 22
Coefficient of tendencies towards drinking
Coefficient of Maintaining Public Places and Its Impact alcoholic and prohibited drinks and its effect on the
on the Ethics of Dealing with Others ethics of dealing with others

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Model Unstandardized Standardize T Sig Model Unstandardized Standardize T Sig

coefficients coefficients coefficients coefficients
β Std. Beta β Std. Beta
Error Error
1 constant 11.767 .482 24.421 .000 1 constant 12.175 0.642 18.959 .000
performance 0.333 0.054 0.300 6.196 .000 performance 0.210 0.053 0.197 3.963 .000
level level
It is clear from the previous table, and by looking The statistical constant (α) is equal to 12.175 and
at the regression coefficient (β), that the statistical with a level of significance less than 5%. It is also
constant (α) is equal to 11.767 and with a level of clear that spending and purchasing behavior
significance less than 5%. It is also clear that the directly affects the ethics of dealing with others, as
tendency towards drinking alcoholic and the value of β is equal to 0.210 and with a level of
prohibited drinks directly affects the ethics of significance less than 1%.
dealing with others, as the value of β is equal to 6. Implications
0.333 with a significance level of less than 1%.
Fifth: Spending and Purchasing Behavior and its The Arab tourist in most cases has good morals in
Impact on the Ethics of Dealing with Others dealing with tourism service providers in the
Egyptian tourist destination, and that in most of
Table 26 their cases they are satisfied with the level of
Determination coefficient services provided in the Egyptian tourist
Model R R2 Adjusted R2 (Std. Error of the destination, also they rarely file complaints against
Estimate) the services provided.
1 0.197 0.39 0.036 2.06892
The study also concluded that most of the sample
Thus, the coefficient of determination is equal to size is morally balanced and has no sexual
0.197, meaning that there is a significant effect of orientation within the destination.
spending and purchasing behavior and its impact On the other hand, it was found through the
on the ethics of dealing with others by 69.2%.
responses of the respondents to the scale that the
Table 27 Arab tourist is one of the best tourists in terms of
Analysis of variance to test the significance of the paying for the service that is provided to him within
regression the Egyptian tourist destination, and that Arab
Model Sum of DF Mean F Sig. tourist even enjoys paying tips to workers in the
Squares Square Egyptian tourist destination.
1 Regression 67.224 1 67.224 15.705 .000 Also, the level of Arab tourist behavior regarding
Residual 1665.083 389 4.280 maintaining public and tourist places within the
Total 1732.307 390
Egyptian tourist destination was very high, as the
The previous table clears that there is a real and
study sample confirmed that the Arab tourist
significant effect between the two variables as the
always preserves public places and does not leave
value of (F) is equal to 15.705 and with a
behind remnants and does not waste their use.
significant level of less than 5%. In addition, we
On the third hand, nearly a third of the research
find that the probability value is equal to 0.000
sample confirmed the tendencies of the Arab
which is less than the level of significance 0.05, so
tourist towards consuming alcoholic beverages and
we will reject the null hypothesis and accept the
contraband within the Egyptian tourist destination,
alternative hypothesis that the regression is
and often frequented bars for alcoholic beverages
significant, and therefore there is a relationship
and contraband.
between the independent variable and the
Finally, the research sample did not accurately
dependent variable.
determine the spending and purchasing behavior of
Table 28 the Arab tourist within the Egyptian tourist
Coefficient of spending and purchasing behavior and its destination. Is he a rational tourist or not rational?
impact on the ethics of dealing with others Opinions differed regarding this dimension.
Considering the results of the previous research,
the researchers put forward a set of important
recommendations that must be considered when
targeting the Arab tourist market or dealing with it
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within the Egyptian tourist destination, and the approach. Journal of Family Ecology and
most important of these points are the following: Consumer Sciences, 29, pp: 82 –90.
- Raising the level of service quality provided to Fratu, D. (2011). Factors of Influence and Changes in
Arab tourists within the Egyptian tourist the Tourism Consumer Behavior. Bulletin of the
Transylvania University of Braşov. Economic
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Sciences, 4(53). No. 1.
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providers to Arab tourists to deal with this type Promoting an Ideology of Consumption: Consumer
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rate of its spending within the Egyptian tourist Hotel Customers’ Decision Formation: Developing
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Behavior. International Journal of Hospitality
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and tourist sales shops, and to monitor prices Environments: Literature Review. Journal of the
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behavior of tourists by tour operators and Institutions and Organizations across Nations.
paying attention to the privacy of each segment Culture’s Consequences. California, Thousand
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Horner, S. and Swarbrooke, J. (1996). Consumer
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