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Encapsulation in Python -

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Encapsulation in Python -

Uploaded by

sharath.s
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Yogesh Tyagi

@ytyagi782

⁠ OPs
O
Concepts-5
Encapsulation

https://www.linkedin.com/in/ytyagi782/
Yogesh Tyagi
@ytyagi782

What is Encapsulation in Python?

Encapsulation is an OOP principle that bundles


data (attributes) and methods into a single unit
and restricts direct access to them.
Prevents unauthorized access to data.
Maintains control over how data is accessed
and modified.

Protects sensitive data by hiding


implementation details
Key
Provides public methods
Features (getters/setters) to interact with private
attributes.

Examples:

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Yogesh Tyagi
@ytyagi782

What is Encapsulation in Python?

Encapsulation is implemented using access


modifiers:

Public Accessible from anywhere.

Accessible within the class and


Protected
subclasses (prefix _).

Accessible only within the class


Private
(prefix __).

Examples:

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Yogesh Tyagi
@ytyagi782

Public Members

Public members can be accessed directly


from outside the class.

Example:

Public members are suitable for data


that doesn’t require restrictions.
Key Notes Default access level for attributes and
methods in Python.

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Yogesh Tyagi
@ytyagi782

Protected Members

Protected members are accessible within the


class and subclasses, denoted by a single
leading underscore (_).
Example:

Signals that the attribute or method is


intended for internal use.
Key Notes Not strictly private, but indicates
restricted access.

https://www.linkedin.com/in/ytyagi782/
Yogesh Tyagi
@ytyagi782

Private Members

Private members are accessible only within


the class, denoted by a double leading
underscore (__).
Example:

Enforces strict access restrictions.


Key Notes Prevents accidental modification of
sensitive data.

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Yogesh Tyagi
@ytyagi782

Getters and Setters

Getters and setters are methods used to


access and update private attributes.
Example:

nsures controlled access to private


attributes.
Key Notes Enables validation or preprocessing
before data modification.

https://www.linkedin.com/in/ytyagi782/
Yogesh Tyagi
@ytyagi782

Benefits of Encapsulation

Data Prevents unauthorized access and


Security accidental modifications.

Code Groups data and methods together for


Modularity better organization.

Simplified Restricts interactions to controlled


Debugging interfaces.

Ease of Encapsulation makes it easier to


Maintenance modify and extend code.

https://www.linkedin.com/in/ytyagi782/
Yogesh Tyagi
@ytyagi782

Real-Life Analogy for


Encapsulation

Think of a Capsule (Medicine):

The capsule encases the medicine (data),


controlling how it’s accessed.

The user only interacts with the outer shell,


not the inner contents.

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Yogesh Tyagi
@ytyagi782

Encapsulation in Action

Encapsulation simplifies real-world applications


by controlling access to sensitive data.

Example:

Prevents direct modification of


sensitive data like salary.
Key Notes Uses setters for validation before
updating the value.

https://www.linkedin.com/in/ytyagi782/
Yogesh Tyagi
@ytyagi782

Practical Applications
of Encapsulation

Encapsulation is commonly used in:

Banking Protect sensitive data like account


Systems balance and transactions.

Healthcare
Safeguard patient information.
Applications

E-commerce
Secure payment and user details.
Platforms

Game Control interactions with game entities


Development like characters or environments.

https://www.linkedin.com/in/ytyagi782/
Yogesh Tyagi
@ytyagi782

Common Errors with


Encapsulation

Direct Attempting to access private attributes


Access to directly.
Private
Attributes

Using name mangling


Bypassing
Encapsulation
(_ClassName__private_var) to access
private attributes.

Overuse of Making code verbose with excessive


Getters/Setters getter/setter methods.

https://www.linkedin.com/in/ytyagi782/
Yogesh Tyagi
@ytyagi782

Best Practices for


Encapsulation

Use private attributes for sensitive data to


enforce control.

Leverage getters and setters to validate


data before access or modification.

Avoid over-complicating the design with


unnecessary restrictions.

Document the intended access level for


attributes and methods.

https://www.linkedin.com/in/ytyagi782/
Yogesh Tyagi
@ytyagi782

Limitations of Encapsulation

Adds an extra layer of methods for


Complexity
accessing attributes.

Using getters and setters can make


Overhead simple tasks verbose.

Name Private attributes use name


Mangling mangling, which can be bypassed.

https://www.linkedin.com/in/ytyagi782/
Yogesh Tyagi
@ytyagi782

Wrap-Up

"Mastering Encapsulation in Python OOP"

Encapsulation safeguards data by bundling it


with methods for controlled interaction. By
implementing public, protected, and private
attributes effectively, you can design secure,
modular, and maintainable Python
applications.

Practice encapsulation techniques to master


data security and control in your Python
projects!

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Yogesh Tyagi
@ytyagi782

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