History of cinema and film analysis

1.1 Archeology of cinema

Part 1 From the creation of cinema to the end of classion

Reproduce movement
 Vallon- Pont d’art - Painting of Cave 32,000 years +
 《Cave of Forgotten Dreams》by Werner Herzog (Germany),2010
 3D Documentary Flim about the Chauvet Cave in Southern France, which contains
some one of the oldest human-painted images yet discovered.
 Shadows Theatre since prehistoric times
 Wayant Kulit, a traditional form of Shadow Puppets originally found in the cultures of
Yogyakarata (Java) and Bali in indonesia.
 Around 10 to 70 AD, Heron of Alexandria described his mobile automatic theatre
 Figure move, music is produced, fire is lit liquid flows and many more wonders occur
automatically
 Since mid-XVIth C. the magic lantern (Christiaan Huygens , Kircher)
 It became very popular during
 Robbertson (Fantasmagories) in paris between 1798 and 1830
 Shows and religions
 Dissolves, movement of one character in incrustation on a painted scenery
 With multiple lenses lantern even 3-D is possible - 19th C
 During the 19th C we have optical toys and physiological experiment , The
Thaumatrope:1826

 Use in the film << Sleepy Hallo>>

 The Phenakistiscope by Joseph Plateau (1832) - today we call the Phi Phenomenon
 In 1834 Horner invented the Zoetrope and in 1876 Emlie Raynaud created the
Praxinoscope - Zoetrope studio - institut lumiere
 At the same time, scientific studies of movement and , In 1877Emlie Raynaud created
the Praxinoscope and the Praxinoscope Theatre in 1879
 With his << Théâtre optique >>Raynaud projected animated pictures since 1892 ( in the
Grévin Museum, Paris):
 Niépce fixed an << héliographie >> on a plate, Paysage à Saint-Loup de Varenne, in 1826
or 1827. The wrod «phtographie» is used after Niépce’s death 1834 - Development of
 Chronophotography (the horse ) Muybridge --Chronophotography by Ettienne-Jules
MAREY - Chronophotography by MAREY and Demeny, to study how the muscles works
- Chronophotography by Marey/ Nu descendant l’escalier by Marcel Duchamp 1912 -
Today’s filmmaking inspired by Marey (Ex. Temps mort autour de Caro et Jeunet, by
Emmanuel Carlier 1995; The W<<Bullet time>> ; In 1884, George Eastman patented
the first film in roll from to prove practicable; With his Kodak company he sells films
stock in 1889; Edison ask Dickson to build a camera and ,,[ Edison’s Kinestoscope 1894;
The Execution of Mary, Queen of Scots; The<< Black Maria>>, First studio by Edison,
1892]) [The dickson experimental sound film in 1895]

Borgev vendredi
Wall-E 10 fev.

Red Sorghum is a 1987 Chinese film about a young woman's life working in a distillery for sorghum liquor. It is based on the first two

parts of the novel Red Sorghum by Nobel laureate Mo Yan.

Raise the Red Lantern is a 1991 Chinese-language romantic drama film directed by Zhang Yimou and starring Gong Li.

Essays of reviews of the films/ presentations

PPT- Pdf
EX: Soylent Green Poster-color
B movies vs A
Blockbuster
A pitch: very short to let you know about this film
Flick- from flicker, netflix
Cinephile
Site: meidiahistory

1.2

 12 Dec. 1894, Louis Lumières, in Lyon, Cinematographe: projection for a large of people
 Working living the Factory, lyon, 19th march 1895
 The presentation in the Grand Cafe, in Paris 28th of DEC. 1895
 Lumière «vues animées» between 1895-1904
 700+ military views: WWI & Germany
 Lumière First program(28 dec. 1895)
 Clip1
 Clip2
 Clip3
 StarFlim Paris
 Melies one of the 3 first big producing company
 A trip to the moon 260 meters= 12min
  Hand colored versions existed
 Pro: Many pirate copies :
 In 1902m he filmed the biggest production of the time
 Clip5(the logos in the stars and rockets, the color of the flag, in the mashroom cave,)
 End of melies film production
 He didn’t vhange his style
 Loosing money 1910
 1911, Pathé, take 50% of
 1912: A la conquête du Pôle, i;portant to fantastic and sc film
 After 3 films, M stop his production in 1913
 Destroyed
 Toy seller
 Pathé the biggest production co,pqny in the zorld(1897-1913)
 Charles P exhibited Edison’s phonographs and then Kinetoscopes on fairs. He
 1902, he sold many in the world
 After 1903, the french company suffer the competition from the new Hollywood
 Clip7a:Max Linder with panio accam, the debuts de Max in the cinema. the copyright,
max is usually with the suits but get in trouble, 默片
 Clip6: The History of crime , very dramatic, the flash back
 Clip 7
 Leon Gaumont was th e 2 biggest
 Alice Guy was the 1st woman film director, 1920s,
 LG is employed and the runs a photography and Optics shop in Paris,
 Clip-Alice-La fee aux Choux
 Clip-Alice-the conscequences of feministe
 Sound is made before,
 In many countries film insdutry began around 1900-1907
 In brighton, England, films were produced with humour and many ideas
 Attack on a china mission
 “Electric Theatre Grenier” 1903-1904 X-rays, Orchestrion, cinematogeaphe, group of
dancers
 In 1907, the Charles Pathe decided to rent films instead of selling them
 Less fairgrounds attractions
 Beginning of movie theatres(called Cinmas around 1910)
 More educated
 More complex, longer
 Legitimation processe
Sarah bernhardt
 Realism is stronger since 1913
 Germinal 1913

Pre+写作
Beginning of the animation films
John Stuart Blackton in English immigrated
Realism is stronger since 1913
Geminal 1913

Before 1914, film industry is established

1911-1913 American more important
1921 robot&fiction
1.3 early cinema to classical hollywood cinema 1903-1939
Nickeldeons : cheapest importqnt for the new immmirtion

Beginning of series of superhero

Spanish flou
20s tje company are not intrested in the short films with dialogue

21/02

 The conversion to sound

<<Sunrise>>
Sound film vs silence movie
Imagination-instrument and music-heaven
<<The jazz singer>> “first talking movie”
<<Lights of New York>> the real First Feature film1st sound film but one of the worst film
After, there are many begun to produce shorts and sound films -1928 dialogue-successful
 A producer, actor,director,editor,composer
Charlie Chaplin is the only one that controlled completely his films in Hollywood.
CC refuse to make because - Universal language
 Hollywood Pre-Code.(bef the Hays’Code) Hawks’Scarface(1932)
Between 1929 and 1934 “gangster movie””hero”, violence is strong, language is strong
<<Scarface>> Ben Hecht 1932
<<Little Coesar>>Howard Hughes
Killer-shadow-mysterious whi-how crazy and powful the monstre killer
Un plein-séquence
Another film Fritz Lang that the killer 1931 shadow+talk+whi

 Production Code Administration =Hays Code(it uniformizes the classical Style)

1934, the MPPDA established a strict code
It helps showing films in the south of America(the bible belt), japan/China(cut the long kissing),
England(cut the animals beating )
 Genre in classical Hollywood in the 1930s
Monster /Horror
Mickey Mousing(music and action) :o :/ :> :< QAQ T_T
Musical
Swing Dance
Adventure:
The Adentures of Robin Hood , 1938, Thchni color
Historical Dramas/Melodramas
Gone with the wind 1939
Westerns
Stagecoach

1.4
The french Avant-garde(1920-1932) and Poetic Realism(1930-1939)
 Film as Art
Riciotto Canudo:in 1911 birth of Sixth Art.
Canudo call the cinema “the 7th art” in 1919
Creation of 1st cine-clubs, in France:1907
Louis Delluc, Germaine Dulac
Cine-clubs stayed very popolur until the 1970s
 What’s an “avant-garde”
Romantics
Symbolism
Dadaism, Cubism(Ballet mecanique)
 The <<First-Avant -Garde>>(in cinema) impressionnism

0603
Le cinéma impressionniste
From 1915 (Abel Gance: Dr Tube Madness) to 1929.
• Louis Delluc, Germaine Dulac, Abel Gance, Marcel
L’Herbier, Jean Epstein
• SuperimposiFon and Visual Effects
Impressionist films are narraFve films, but the most
important are impressions, sensaFons and visuals elements.
• Example:
• Jean Epstein, The Fall of the House of Usher, 1928 [CLIP1b]
The candles folating in the trees. Candles, young man, morning,camera movement, and
sometimes there are some ghosts. Impressionniste avant guerre
• Jean Epstein, La Glace à trois faces, 1927
• Extrait: h*p://www.cri0calcommons.org/Members/kfortmueller/clips/la- glace-a-trois-faces-
car-crash/view

A famous « cinéaste impressionniste »:

Abel Gance
Abel Gance: J’accuse
Somrthing very wrong is happening, here is accusation for the war, there are some people are
rich
(1919, ass. Dir.: Blaise Cendrars, 2H46)[DVD2719]
Extrait: h\ps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SNDwVK7Gwlw
• He inspired many filmmakers today, like Francis Ford Coppola(who restored a version of
Napoléon – 1927)
view of snowball

• His films were lyrical, long (5 hours), with powerful shots,superimposicon, triple screen,
movements (travelling in all direccons)
• La Roue (The Wheel) was presented in a version of 7h30, in 1923.
• Clip 2: Napoléon, Abel Gance, 1927 (1st version 6h)
Put the 3 screen together ()

Abstraction
Abstraction of abstraction: Viking Eggeling(在德国工作，德国有很多抽象电影)

Dadaism
Dada movement began in 1917 in Switzerland (科学，技术，战争，人类)
absurd
只在 club 看，很少人会看
René CLAIR: Entr’acte
Relache 结束之后不走才能看到电影

Surrealism
Un chien andalou
钢琴、驴-资产阶级

Surrealism in photography:May Ray

The Seashell and the Clergyman 1928, Germaine Dulac and Antonin Artaud, a surrealism refused
by group

A unique artiste: Carl Theodar DREYER

The passion of Jean Arc
Vampyr(Germany, 1932)

Séance 1303
0304 la dernière cours

Around 1929-1934,the French transition to sound

Rene Clair sous le toits de paris
Sound - louder roof - poor people hero-street singer
Movement - from high to lower
1030-1950 法国电影的一个传统-假的街景

In France many comedies in the 1930s RAIMU Pierre FRESMAY, it’s famous because the accent of
Marseille. French version, German version, sui
Poetic Realism is an important style:what the majority of people living in France
 Jean Renoir:Boudu sauve des eaux1932(B)
 Jean vigo: L’Atalante 1934,anticipation of poetic realism
Angles of filming
 Poetic Realism : Dialogs by Jacques Prévert, Henri Jeanson, Charles Spaak and other famous
scriptwriters.
 Films by Marcel Carné, Jean Renoir, Julien Duvivier, Jean Grémillon.Typical film from the
French Poetic Realism and 1936 Popular Front:
 La Belle Equipe, Julien Duvivier, 1936. Star: Jean Gabin(famous actor).Clip 6
 Jean Renoir, son of the impressionist painter Pierre-Auguste Renoir, internationally
acclaimed for his Grande Illusion, 1937. Clip 7. Dark and light ,Change fro,

表现主义
没有墙是直的，用墙上和地上的光影表现暴力, 房顶和窗户的角度也很奇怪

metropolis 成为很多科幻电影的灵感 comme 星际战争，batman returns