Q1. What is Public Speaking?

Ans: Public speaking is the art of conveying information to a live audience through oral
presentation.

Q.2. What are elements of Public Speaking?

Ans: There are several specific elements of public speaking that include:

1. the speaker
2. the message
3. the audience
4. the channel
5. the effect(s)

The speaker refers simply to the person who is presenting, and the message is the content being
presented. The audience is the intended recipient of the message. These three elements are
sometimes referred to as who, what, and whom.
The channel is the medium used to the share the message--it is how the message gets sent.
The effect is the result of the message having been sent and received. The effect is not
necessarily consistent with the speaker's goal.
Public speaking is a more formal type of communication as opposed to small talk or other
informal conversations. Public speaking requires preparation and organization.

Q.3. What are the skills necessary for Public Speaking?

Ans: The skills that can make Public Speaking effective are discussed below:

Voice: A rich voice is the greatest physical factor of persuasiveness and power. A speaker with
unique, controlled and golden voice can make his dialogue different from others.

Tone: The most marked quality of a person’s voice is tone. The tone should be clear and
agreeable. High, forced and strident tone only produces irritation, but also creates throat trouble
for the speaker.

Speed: A speaker who intends to hold the attention of the audience for a long time, should not
speak rapidly at the beginning. The speaker needs to ensure that everyone can hear your
presentation using simple, clear and precise words. Jargons should be avaided.

Effective introduction: An attention catching introduction is important to catch the attention of

the audience. Some of the used strategies for holding the audience by asking questions related to
their interest using an appropriate quotation, a real life experience or simply explaining the
importance of the subject.
Pitch: It is important to continuously change the pitch of the voice to bring variety in the speech.
One of the finest ways to grasp attention is to change the pitch of the voice suddenly and in a
marked degree because greatest contrast always arouses interest.

Pace: Tempo is tremendously important element in public speaking. Tempo helps a lot to bring
back the attention of the audience in no moment.

Emphasis: Emphasis is to give prominence to a word or phrase so that its importance is

impressed upon a listener. This result is mostly secured by contrast.

Pause: Pause is a valuable instrument in the hands of a trained speaker to arouse and maintain
thrill. In public speech it is important to pause either before or after an important word or phrase.

Poise: When a speaker stands before an audience to address the audience, he/she should be
perfectly at ease. Physical ease will produce an effect upon the listeners and mental ease will
induce confidence in the delivery.

Gesture: The purpose of the gesture is to carry our thought and feeling into the minds and hearts
of the audience. This is done by emphasizing the message by interpreting it, by expressing it in
action or by using typical gesture.

Content and Practice: The fluency of the speaker depends on two important factors: speaker’s
knowledge of what is being said and the speaker being accustomed to telling what the speaker
knows to an audience. A nice balance between the two is essential for a good speech.

Stories: Stories are always a vital driver of change. Good stories surprise us. Stories make us
think and make us feel. They stick in our mind and help us remember ideas and concepts.
Providing stories and real life experience will always result in a persuasive presentation.

Start with Impact: Start unexpected and innovative opening to grab the audience’s attention
right from the start.

Effective Conclusion: A great speaker provides a clear and memorable summary of his points.
He develops a conclusion that reinforces the thesis and provides a psychological closure.

Q.4. Why Is Public Speaking Important?

Ans: Public speaking is important to both the presenter as well as the audience. From a
presenter's perspective, public speaking can serve as a method of sharing information and
potentially persuading others. From an audience's perspective, it can be an opportunity to learn
and better understand. The results of effective public speaking can include enlightenment and
change as well as unification and empowerment. It can serve as a tool to change attitudes and
behaviors or to reaffirm the status quo.
The ability to effectively present what one is thinking and feeling through public speaking can
impact one's confidence level. Improving one's public speaking abilities can actually increase
self-confidence.

Q.5. What should be the structure of a Presentation?

Ans:

Introduction

1. Engage the audience. Start with a story, a startling statement, statistic, or a question that
grabs the audience’s attention.

2. Focus the presentation. Now after a grand starting, the speaker should state the thesis or
goal. Let the audience know what they’ll learn.

3. Preview the presentation’s structure, content or approach to let the audience know how the
presentation will unfold.

Body

The speaker should organize the talk logically and clearly around 2-3 main points or arguments. For
each major section of your presentation, follow the “4 S Structure”1:

 Signpost the point (“First, I’m going to point out the problem with...” My second argument
is that...” “Now let me explain my methodology.”)

 State the point clearly and succinctly

 Support the point with data, cases, description, relevant studies, etc.

 Summarize the point

Then make a clear transition to the next major section.

Conclusion

1. Summarize and re-focus. Review key points or arguments. Restate the thesis.
2. Close. Create a closing statement. Nodding back to the introduction can alert the audience
that the speech has come to an end and provides a satisfying sense of final closure. Avoid
using “Thank you” as your conclusion. Wait until the audience applauds. Then, thank
them for that.
Q.6. What can be the strategies for effective public speaking?

Ans: Strategies for Effective Delivery are as follows:

• Catchy beginning
• Correct pronunciation
• Proper voice modulation
• Use of positive body language
• Use of illustrations
• Use of wit and humor
• Emphatic ending

Q.7. What are the things a speaker should keep in mind for an effective public speaking?

Ans: To make the speech effective, the speaker should:

• Research the topic thoroughly
• Keep audience centered approach
• Use simple words and language
• Articulate clearly
• Grab the attention of the audience with a powerful opening
• Assess the needs and priorities of a potential audience
• Control performance anxiety
• Create attractive PowerPoint slides with the right amount of detail
• Draft an evaluation form that attendees are likely to complete
• Handing out copies of slides in advance to minimize note-taking demands on the
audience
• Maintain eye contact with the audience and provide an energetic, animated physical
presence
• Memorize enough content so that the speech does not come off as a reading of notes
• Modulate vocal tone to emphasize important points and avoid monotonous presentation
• Organize a logical flow to a speech
• Prepare examples that are relevant to the experience of the expected audience
• Provide compelling evidence to support themes
• Rehearse the presentation and revising rough spots
• Restate critical points at the end of a speech to cement key concepts
• Review feedback and modify the approach for talks in the future
• Summarize the topics to be covered at the beginning to provide context for attendees
• Tell stories to illustrate points
• Plan the speech in advance to make sure it meets the allotted time
• Use humor to enliven a talk.

Q.8. Write down the importance of public speaking.

Ans:
 Effective Communication: Being a good public speaker helps us express ourself
clearly and confidently. It allows us to share our knowledge, opinions, and ideas in a
captivating manner.
Professional Growth: Mastering public speaking gives us a competitive edge in the job
market. It allows us to lead meetings, present ideas, negotiate deals, and pitch projects with
confidence.
Building Confidence: Overcoming the fear of public speaking and delivering successful
presentations significantly boosts our self-confidence.
Influence and Persuasion: A strong public speaker can inspire, motivate, and influence
others.
Leadership Development: Public speaking is a crucial skill for effective leadership as it
enables us to inspire and guide others, lead meetings and presentations and rally people
around a common goal.
Personal Development: Public speaking encourages personal growth and self-
improvement.
Increased Visibility: The ability to speak confidently in public attracts attention and raises
our visibility among peers, colleagues, and potential employers. This can lead to new
opportunities, collaborations, and recognition for our expertise.

Q.9. What are the different types of public speaking/ speeches?

Ans: There are 4 types of public speeches/public speaking:

Informative: An informative speech is a type of public speaking that aims to educate or

provide information to the audience about a specific topic. The main purpose of this speech
is to present facts, concepts, or ideas in a clear and understandable manner.

Demonstrative: In a demonstrative speech, the main goal is to show how to do something

or how something works. It is like giving a step-by-step guide or providing practical
instructions.

Persuasive: A persuasive speech is when the speaker tries to convince the audience to
adopt or support a particular point of view, belief, or action. In a persuasive speech, the
speaker aims to influence the audience’s opinions, attitudes, or behaviors.

Entertaining: An entertaining speech is a type of public presentation that aims to captivate

and amuse the audience while providing enjoyment and laughter. Unlike other types of
speeches, entertaining speeches prioritize humor, storytelling, and engaging content to
entertain and delight the listeners.
Q.1. What is Interview?

Ans: An interview is a discussion or conversation between a potential employer and a job-

applicant. It is an effective tool for selection. It is a two-way communication between an
interviewer and interviewee. Interview is a selection process designed that helps an employer
understand the skills, scrutinize their personality and character traits and check the domain
knowledge.

Q.2. What is the importance of organizing an interview?

Ans: Conducting a successful interview process is very crucial for the organization because:

1. It helps to judge and select the best candidate for the organization.
2. The interview provides an opportunity to verify the facts mentioned by the candidate.
3. It helps to judge the skill-set of the candidate.
4. It is a technique of providing knowledge to the candidate about the organization. .
5. It is a cost-binding process.

Q.3. What are the skills to be judged during the interview by the interviewer?

Ans: The potential candidate’s skill and character must be aligned with the organization’s needs
and culture.

Generally, Skills that are judged by the interviewer can be divided into three categories:

Content skills: knowledge [work specific]

Functional skills: skills that we use with people or information [organizing, managing,
communicating, developing]

Adaptive skills: personal character, dependable, team player, self-directed punctual.

Q.4. Write down the types of interview.

Ans:

Structured Interview

During structured interview the interviewer asks the pre-drafted questions. Here, he/ she cannot
change the questions, or their sequence. No freedom is given to add new questions or delete any
question. The interviewer is strictly instructed to ask the pre decided questions in verbatim and
also to record them. The interview scheduled is prepared in advance. It contains open ended as
well as closed ended questions.

Unstructured Interview
During the interview when the interviewer exercises autonomy in asking questions whatever
comes to his/her mind on a particular research problem under investigation, is called
unstructured interview. Unstructured interview may permit the interviewee to give responses
freely or it may restrict free responses.

Telephonic Interview

As the name suggests this type of interview is conducted on phone. Individual or group interview
can be conducted by telephonic interview.

Behavioral interview
Behavioral interviews focus on a candidate's past experiences to assess how they've navigated
specific situations and utilized skills relevant to the position. In this interview, the interviewer do
not ask theoretical question and rather they ask questions on behavioral skills to predict future
behavior and performance.

Stress Interview

A stress interview is a path used to put applicants under immense tension. They are intended to
test our capacity to think directly, react proficiently in troublesome circumstances and remain
quiet in a pressurized domain.

Q.5. Write the dos and don’ts of a job interview.

Ans: A good interviewee is someone who is prepared, can answer questions

intelligently and who knows enough about their potential employers' business.

So we should be prepared sufficiently to face an interview with confidence. The dos

and don’ts of an interview are stated below:

The DOs:

a) Research the company.

b) Turn off your mobile phone.
c) Be on time.
d) Dress Properly.
e) Create a good first impression.
f) Show positive body language.
g) Focus on the key requirements of the position.
h) Minimize your weaknesses.
i) Be confident.
j) Take your time when answering the questions.
k) Focus on your achievement.
l) Be positive about yourself and your experiences.
m) If there is more than one person interviewing, direct your answers to the person who
 asked the question.

The DON'Ts:

a) Don't panic! It won’t help and you won’t do your best.

b) Don't be late.
c) Don't lie.
d) Don’t pretend.
e) Don't talk too much or too little.
f) Don't be arrogant or overconfident.
g) Don't be negative about former employers or colleagues.
h) Don't argue with the interviewer, no matter what.
i) Remember to keep things positive!
j) Don’t make the Interview about Salary only.
Q.1. What is a Group Discussion?

Ans: Group discussion is an important activity in academic, business and administrative spheres.
It is a systematic and purposeful interactive oral process. Here the exchange of ideas, thoughts
and feelings take place through oral communication. The exchange of ideas takes place in a
systematic and structured way. The participants sit facing each other almost in a semi-circle and
express their views on the given topic/issue/problem.

Q,2. Write down few advantages of GD.

Ans: Advantages of a GD:

• Ideas can be generated, shared and tried out.

• Groups provide a support and growth for any endeavor.
• Combine talents to provide innovative solutions.

Q.3. What is the objective of conducting GD?

Ans: The objective of conducting GD is mainly to check one’s team playing skills. In a GD one
need to understand the other persons’ point of view, while making his/her own point clear and
ensure that the argument is impersonal and is not objectionable in any ground.

Q.4. Why is a group discussion an important activity?

Ans: As a student, it helps us to discuss and argue about the topic given. It also helps us to
express our views on serious subjects and in formal situations. It improves our thinking, listening
and speaking skills. It also promotes our confidence level. It is an effective tool in problem
solving, decision making and personality assessment. GD skills may ensure academic success,
popularity and good admission or job offer. Thus it is important to be able to take part in a GD
effectively and confidently. Participants should know how to speak with confidence, how to
exhibit leadership skills and how to make the group achieve the goals.

Q.5. How does Group Discussion differ from a Debate?

Ans: Debate is competitive in nature while group discussion is a co-operative group process. In a
debate, a speaker can speak either ‘for’ the topic or ‘against’ the topic whereas in a GD, the
speaker can express both. The final decision or result in a debate depends on voting while in a
GD, the group reaches group consensus.

Q.6. Write down the characteristics of GD.

Ans: The characteristics of a group discussion are as below:

a) It is a purposeful activity. GD is conducted for a specific purpose.

b) It is an interactive process. It is based on interaction among the group members.
 c) Cooperative atmosphere is necessary for GD. The discussion takes place in a cooperative
and friendly atmosphere.
d) It is conducted through shared leadership style. The group members themselves start the
discussion, keep the discussion on and end the discussion.
e) It is a democratic process. No views are imposed on anybody in the group.

Q.7. What are the skills important/essential for GD?

Ans: A candidate needs to have certain skills for better performance in a group discussion
process.

a) All-round knowledge: The speaker should have all-round knowledge on different social
and economic issues and current affairs.
b) Oral communication skill: The speaker should be proficient n communication skill.
c) Listening skills: The speaker should be a patient listener.
d) Clarity: The speaker’s point of view should be clear and understandable.
e) Non-verbal Skills: The participant should use non-verbal cues such as eye contact,
gesture, facial expression etc.
f) Leadership qualities: Every speaker should possess leadership qualities.
g) Analytical approach: The speaker should analyze the topic, situation, condition and the
problem before speaking in a GD.
h) Self-confidence: The speaker should talk with confidence and self-assurance.
i) Team management skill: Speakers should show adaptability, cooperation, coordination
and positive attitude in a GD.
j) Systematic approach: The speaker should be systematic, realistic and factual in
approach.

Q.8. What is the process of group discussion?

Ans: Group discussion is a systematic and purposeful oral process. It is conducted in a

systematic way. It consists of three parts:

a) Initiation: It is the first stage of GD. The group is given a topic to discuss. The facilitator
announces the topic, allots time and tells the guidelines governing the GD. Now, the
facilitator leaves the group free to carry on the discussion and anyone from the group can
start the discussion. The other participants take the discussion on.
b) Body: This is the second stage of the group discussion. This is the main part of the
discussion. Every participant gets involved in the discussion.
c) Summarization: One of the participants should summarize the discussion and GD comes
to an end with this summarization.

Q.9. Write the dos and don’ts of a group discussion process.

Ans:

GROUP DISCUSSION: THE DO’S

 a) Listen to others attentively; you may even take brief notes.
b) Enter the discussion at an early stage.
c) Communicate with confidence.
d) Make sure that your contributions are focused on the given topic.
e) Try to speak something new which has not been said by the earlier speakers.
f) If you find that any participant is not making her/his viewpoint clear, ask pertinent
questions.
g) Even when you oppose a view point, use dignified language.
h) Try to make your contributions take the centre point for the discussion.
i) If the discussion is going out of focus, try to point this out and bring it back on track.
j) Use positive body language. Example, looking into the other person’s eyes when
listening or speaking.
k) Remain confident and interested throughout, whether you are speaking or not
speaking.
l) Conclude each argument at the right time and in the right manner.
m) Collaborate instead of compete.

GROUP DISCUSSION: THE DON’TS

a) Don’t appear or feel restless when someone is speaking.

b) Don’t keep silent for a long time; the selectors are there to hear you speak.
c) Don’t exhibit negative body language. Example, shaking your leg when speaking.
d) Don’t use abusive or objectionable language or gestures.
e) Don’t interrupt others when they are speaking.
f) Don’t impose your views upon others.
g) Don’t get irritated or lose temper if someone disagrees with you.
h) Don’t deviate from the subject given for discussion.
i) Don’t take anything personally.
j) Don’t give instructions to others in the group.
k) Don’t speak for the sake of speaking.

Q.10. What are the different types of roles a participant can take during group discussion
process?

Ans: A participant can takes 4 different roles in a GD process.

a) Initiator: One who starts the discussion.

b) Moderator: One who brings back the deviated topic on the main track.
c) Gate Keeper: One who discourages the aggressive speakers and provides opportunity to
speak to others.
d) Summarizer: One who concludes the discussion.