Work, Energy & Power
Work, Energy & Power
Work, Energy & Power
CLASSWORK
WORK DONE BY CONSTANT FORCE 6. A force F ( 5iˆ 3 ˆj ) newtons is applied over
a particle which displaces it from its origin
1. A man pushes a wall and fails to displace
it. He does to the point r ( 2iˆ 1ˆj ) metres. The work
d) net work done by all the forces is zero d) may be positive or negative
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Work, Energy And Power
11. A particle of mass 100g is thrown vertically 17. The work done by a force acting on a body
upwards with a speed of 5 m/s. Thework is as shown in the graph. The total work
done by the force of gravity during the time done in covering an initial distance of 20 m
the particle goes up is is
a) –1.25 J b) 1.25 J
c) 0.5 J d) –0.5 J
12. A 50 kg man with 20 kg load on his head
climbs up 20 steps of 0.25 m height each. The
work done in climbing is
a) 5 J b) 350 J
c) 100 J d) 3430 J
13. The work done in dragging a stone of mass a) 225 J b) 200 J
100 kg up an inclined plane 1 in 100
through a distance of 10 m is c) 400 J d) 175 J
16. The area of the acceleration-displacement 19. A particle moves under the effect of a force
curve of a body gives F = Cx from x = 0 to x = x1. The work done in
the process is
a) Impulse
b) Change in momentum per unit mass 1 2
a) Cx12 b) Cx1
c) Change in KE per unit mass 2
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Work, Energy And Power
20. A body is acted upon by a force which is 26. A body of mass 3 kg is under a force, which
proportional to the distance covered. If
t3
distance covered be denoted by x, then work causes a displacement in it given by S
done by the force will be proportional to 3
a) x b) x2 (in m). find the work done by the force in
first 2 seconds
c) x3/2 d) none of these
21. A body is acted upon by a force which is a) 2 J b) 3.8 J
inversely proportional to the distance x. The c) 5.2 J d) 24 J
work done will be proportional to
a) x b) x2 KINETIC ENERGY
c) x 3/2
d) none of these AND CONSERVATION OF MOMENTUM
22. A force of F 2 xiˆ 2 ˆj 3z 2 kˆ N is acting on a 27. A light and a heavy body have equal
momenta. Which one has greater K.E.
particle. Find the work done by this force
in displacing the body from (1, 2, 3) m to a) The light body
(3, 6, 1) m. b) The heavy body
a) –10 J b) 100 J
c) The K.E. are equal
c) 10 J d) 1 J
23. When a rubber-band is stretched by a d) Data is incomplete
distance x, it exerts a restoring force of 28. In an explosion a body breaks up into two
magnitude F = ax + bx2 where a and b are pieces of unequal masses. In this
constants. The work done in stretching the
unstretched rubber-band by L is a) Both parts will have numerically equal
momentum
1 2 3
a) aL2 bL3 b) ( aL bL ) b) Lighter part will have more momentum
2
c) Heavier part will have more momentum
aL2 bL3 1 aL2 bL3
c) d) 2 2 3 d) Both parts will have equal kinetic energy
2 3
29. If the K.E. of a particle is doubled, then its
24. A position dependent force F = 7 – 2x + 3x2 momentum will
newton acts on a small body of mass 2 kg
and displaces it from x = 0 to x = 5 m. The a) Remain unchanged
work done in joules is b) Be doubled
a) 70 b) 270
c) Be quadrupled
c) 35 d) 135
25. A force F is related to the position of a d) Increase 2 times
2
particle by the relation F = (10x ) N. The
30. A bomb of mass 3.0 kg explodes in air into
work done by the force when the particle
two pieces of masses 2.0 kg and 1.0 kg. The
moves from x = 2 m to x = 4 m is
smaller mass goes at a speed of 80 m/s. The
56 total energy imparted to the two fragments is
a) J b) 560 J
3
a) 1.07 kJ b) 2.14 kJ
560 3 c) 2.4 kJ d) 4.8 kJ
c) J d) J
3 560
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Work, Energy And Power
31. Which among the following, is a form of WORK ENERGY THEOREM
energy
37. A particle is acted upon by a force of
a) Light b) Pressure constant magnitude which is always
perpendicular to the velocity of the particle,
c) Momentum d) Power the motion of the particle takes place in a
plane. It follows that
32. A running man has the same kinetic energy
a) Its velocity is constant
as that of a boy of half his mass. The man
speeds up by 2 m s–1 and the boy changes b) Its acceleration is constant
his speed by x m s –1 so that the kinetic c) Its kinetic energy is constant
energies of the boy and the man are again
equal. Then x in m s–1 is d) It moves in a straight line
38. Work-energy theorem is valid in the
a) 1/2 b) 2 / 2 presence of
a) external forces only
c) 2 d) 2
b) internal forces only
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Work, Energy And Power
42. A particle of mass m at rest is acted upon by 48. A vehicle of mass m is moving on a rough
a force F for a time t. Its kinetic energy after horizontal road with momentum p. If the
an interval t is coefficient of friction between the tyres and
the road be µ, then the stopping distance is
F 2t 2 F 2t 2
a) b)
m 2m p p2
a) 2 mg b)
2 mg
2 2
F t Ft
c) d)
3m 2m p p2
c) 2 m2 g d)
43. The kinetic energy acquired by a body of 2 m2 g
mass m in travelling some distance s,
49. Consider a car moving along a straight
starting from rest under the action of a
horizontal road with a speed of 72 km/h. If
constant force, is directly proportional to
the coefficient of static friction between road
a) m 0 b) m and tyres is 0.5, the shortest distance in which
the car can be stopped is
c) m 2 d) m
a) 30 m b) 40 m
44. The displacement of a body of mass 2 kg
varies with time t as S = t2 + 2t, where S is c) 72 m d) 20 m
in meters and t is in seconds. The work done 50. If a body looses half of its velocity on
by all the forces acting on the body during penetrating 3 cm in a wooden block, then how
the time interval t = 2s to t = 4s is
much will it penetrate more before coming to
a) 36 J b) 64 J rest
c) 100 J d) 120 J a) 1 cm b) 2 cm
45. Under the action of a force, a 2 kg body
c) 3 cm d) 4 cm
moves such that its position x as a function
of time t is given by x = t3/3, where x is in 51. A bullet when fired at a target with a velocity
meter and t in seconds. The work done by of 100 ms–1, penetrates one metre into it. If the
the force in the first two seconds is bullet is fired with the same velocity at a
a) 1.6 J b) 16 J similar target with a thickness 0.5 metre, then
c) 160 J d) 1600 J it will emerge from it with a velocity of
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Work, Energy And Power
53. Work done by the conservative force on a 58. The potential energy of a particle in a force
system is equal to A B
field is U 2 , where A and B are
a) the change in kinetic energy of the system r r
positive constants and r is the distance of
b) the change in potential energy of the system particle from the centre of the field. For
c) the change in total mechanical energy of the stable equilibrium, the distance of the
particle is
system
a) B/2A b) 2A/B
d) none of the above
c) A/B d) B/A
54. Choose the incorrect statement.
59. The potential energy function for the force
a) No work is done if the displacement is between two atoms in a diatomic molecule
perpendicular to the direction of the applied a b
is approximately given by U ( x ) 12 6 ,
force x x
b) If the angle between the force and where a and b are constants and x is the
distance between the atoms. If the
displacement vectors is obtuse, then the
dissociation energy of the molecule is
work done is negative
D [U ( x ) U at equilibrium ] , D is
c) Frictional force is non-conservative.
d) All the central forces are non-conservative b2 b2
a) b)
6a 2a
55. A rod of mass m and length l is made to stand
at an angle of 60° with the vertical. Potential b2 b2
energy of the rod in this position is c) d)
12 a 4a
mgl 60. A particle in a certain conservative force
a) mgl b) field has a potential energy given by
2
20 xy
mgl mgl U . The force exerted on it is
c) d) z
3 4
56. A uniform chain of length 2 m is kept on a 20 y ˆ 20 x ˆ 20 xy ˆ
a) i j 2 k
table such taht a length of 60 cm hangs z z z
freely from the edge of the table. The total
mass of the chain is 4 kg. What is the work 20 y ˆ 20 x ˆ 20 xy ˆ
b) i j 2 k
done in pulling the entire chain on the table z z z
a) 7.2 J b) 3.6 J
20 y ˆ 20 x ˆ 20 xy ˆ
c) 120 J d) 1200 J c) i j 2 k
z z z
57. The potential energy of a body is given by,
U = A – Bx2 (Where x is the displacement). 20 y ˆ 20 x ˆ 20 xy ˆ
The magnitude of force acting on the d) i j 2 k
z z z
particle is
61. The potential energy of a conservative
a) Constant
system is given by V(x) = (x2 – 3x) joule. Then
b) Proportional to x its equilibrium position is at
c) Proportional to x2 a) x = 1.5 m b) x = 2 m
d) Inversely proportional to x c) x = 2.5 m d) x = 3 m
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Work, Energy And Power
c) speed d) velocity
63. When work is done on a body by an
external force, its
a) only kinetic energy increases
b) only potential energy increases
c) both kinetic and potential energies may
increase a) 0.6 m/s b) 1.4 m/s
d) sum of kinetic and potential energies
c) 1.8 m/s d) 2.2 m/s
remains constant
64. If the stone is thrown up vertically and 68. A spherical ball of mass 20 kg is stationary
return to ground, its potential energy is at the top of a hill of height 100 m. It slides
maximum down a smooth surface to the ground, then
climbs up another hill of height 30 m and
a) during the upward journey
finally slides down to a horizontal base at
b) at the maximum height a height of 20 m above the ground. The
c) during the return journey velocity attained by the ball is
d) at the bottom
a) 10 m/s b) 10 30 m/s
65. A projectile is fired from the top of an 80 m
high cliff with an initial speed of 30 m/s at
c) 40 m/s d) 20 m/s
an unknown angle. The speed when it hits
the ground 69. A particle is released from a height h. At a
a) 50 m/s b) 100 m/s certain height, its kinetic energy is two
times its potential energy. Height and speed
c) 45 m/s d) 80 m/s
of the particle at that instant are
66. A simple pendulum is released from A as
shown. If m and l represent the mass of the
bob and length of the pendulum, the gain h 2 gh h gh
a) , b) ,2
in kinetic energy at B is 3 3 3 3
2h 2 gh h
c) , d) , 2 gh
3 3 3
3 2 c) 1 : 2 d) 1 : 2
c) mgl d) mgl
2 3
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Work, Energy And Power
71. A rod AB of mass 10 kg and length 4 m rests 76. A motor cyclist is trying to jump across a
on a horizontal floor with end A fixed so as path as shown by driving horizontally off
to rotate it in vertical plane about a cliff A at a speed of 5 m s–1 . Ignore air
perpendicular axis passing through A. If the resistance and take g = 10 m s–1. The speed
work done on the rod is 100 J, the height to with which he touches the cliff B is
which the end B be raised vertically above
the floor is
a) 1.5 m b) 2.0 m
c) 1.0 m d) 2.5 m
72. A ball dropped from a height of 2 m
rebounds to a height of 1.5 m after hitting
the ground. Then the percentage of energy
lost is a) 2.0 m s–1 b) 12 m s–1
a) 25% b) 30% c) 25 m s–1 d) 15 m s–1
c) 50% d) 100% 77. A small block of mass m is kept on a rough
73. A ball falls under gravity from a height 10 inclined surface of inclination fixed in an
m with an initial velocity v 0 . It hits the elevator. The elevator goes up with a uniform
ground, loses 50% of its energy in collision velocity v and the block does not slide on the
and it rises to the same height, what is the wedge. The work done by the force of friction
value of v0 ? on the block in time t will be
c) 18 d) 9 a) 4 : 1 b) 1 : 4
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Work, Energy And Power
80. A spring, which is initially in its 85. One end of a spring of natural length h and
unstretched condition, is first stretched by spring constant k is fixed at the ground and
a length x and then again by a further length the other is fitted with a smooth ring of mass
x. The work done in the first case is W1 and m which is allowed to slide on a horizontal
in the second case is W2 . Then rod fixed at a height h (see the figure).
a) W2 W1 b) W2 2W1 Initially, the spring makes an angle of 37°
with the vertical when the system is
c) W2 3W1 d) W2 4W1 released from rest. The speed of the ring
81. A spring when stretched by 2 mm its when the spring becomes vertical.
potential energy becomes 4 J. If it is stretched
by 10 mm, its potential energy is equal to
a) 4 J b) 54 J c) 415 J d) None
82. A spring gun of spring constant 90 N/cm is
compressed 12 cm by a ball of mass 16 g. If
the trigger is pulled, the velocity of the ball h k h k
is a) b)
2 m 4 m
a) 50 ms–1 b) 9 ms–1
c) 40 ms –1 d) 90 ms –1 h k h k
83. The figure shows a smooth curved track c) d)
2 2m 4 2m
terminating in a smooth horizontal part. A
spring of spring constant 400 N/m is 86. A toy gun uses a spring of force constant K.
attached at one end to a wedge fixed rigidly When charged before being triggered in the
with the horizontal part. A 40 g mass is upward direction, the spring is compressed
released from rest at a height of 5 m on the by a distance x. If the mass of the shot is m,
curved track. The maximum compression of on being triggered it will go up to a height
the spring will be
of
Kx 2 x2
a) b)
mg Kmg
a) 1 cm b) 2 cm
c) 3 cm d) 4 cm Kx 2 K 2x2
c) d)
84. The block of mass M moving on the 2 mg mg
frictionless horizontal surface collides with
the spring of spring constant K and POWER
compresses it by length L. The maximum
momentum of the block after collision is 87. The SI unit of power is
a) joule b) erg
c) newton d) watt
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Work, Energy And Power
89. A constant force F is acting on a body of 93. A truck of mass 30,000 kg moves up an
mass m makes it move with constant inclined plane of slope 1 in 100 at a speed of
30 kmph. The power of the truck is
velocity v as shown in thefigure. The power
P exerted is (Given g = 10 ms–2)
a) 25 kW b) 10 kW
c) 5 kW d) 2.5 kW
c) 200 W d) 100 W
c) 50 W d) Zero
97. A particle of mass ‘m’ is moving in circular
92. An electric pump is used to fill an overhead
path of constant radius ‘r’ such that centripetal
tank of capacity 9 m 3 kept at a height of
acceleration is varying with time ‘t’ as K2rt2
10 m above the ground. If the pump takes
where K is a constant. The power delivered to
5 minutes to fill the tank by consuming
the particle by the force acting on it is
10 kW power the efficiency of the pump
should be (Take g = 10 ms–2) a) m 2 K 2 r 2 t 2 b) mK 2 r 2t
a) 60% b) 40%
c) mK 2 rt 2 d) mKr 2t
c) 20% d) 30%
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Work, Energy And Power
98. A body of mass m accelerates uniformly 101. A constant power P is applied to a particle
f rom rest to v1 in time t1. As a function of of mass m. The distance travelled by the
time t, the instantaneous power delivered particle when its velocity increases from v 1
to the body is to v2 is (neglect friction)
m 3
mv1t mv12 t a) ( v 2 v 13 )
a) t b) 3P
1 t1
m
2 b) ( v 2 v1 )
mv1t mv12 t 3P
c) d)
t1 t12
3P 2
c) ( v 2 v12 )
99. A body is initially at rest. It undergoes one m
dimensional motion with constant
m 2
acceleration. the power delivered to it at time d) ( v 2 v12 )
t is proportional to 3P
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