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    Answer key GeoSpatial tech

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    Tarun Sharma

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    Answer key GeoSpatial tech

    Uploaded by

    Tarun Sharma
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    2 views6 pages

    Answer key GeoSpatial tech

    Uploaded by

    Tarun Sharma

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Answer key

    Section A: Objective Type Questions (1 mark each)


    MCQs:

    i. Which are the shortest waves of the Electromagnetic spectrum?


    1. Gamma

    ii. Black body is an ideal body which absorbs all without any reflection.
    A. Radiation

    iii. Which is not an algorithm of supervised classification?


    C. K Means

    iv. Which method is used to remove noise from images?


    A. Resampling

    v. What is the spatial resolution of IKONOS?


    D. 0.8m

    vi. Natural features are generally more in shape.


    B. Irregular

    vii. Which is not a component of GIS?


    A. Maps

    Assertion Reasoning:

    viii. Assertion (A): Remote sensing satellites can capture images of the Earth's
    surface even during the night.
    Reason (R): Remote sensing satellites rely on sunlight to illuminate the Earth's
    surface for capturing images.
    3. A is true, but R is false.
    ix. Assertion (A): Geographic Information System (GIS) can be used to analyze
    spatial data for various applications.
    Reason (R): GIS software is limited to storing and displaying geographic
    information without any analytical capabilities.
    3. A is true, but R is false.

    x. Assertion (A): Remote sensing data can be used to monitor deforestation.


    Reason (R): Remote sensing allows for continuous and large-scale observation
    of the Earth's surface.
    1. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

    Section B: Short Answer Type Questions (3 marks each)

    11. Which departments are responsible for maintaining, updating & storage of
    land base map and electric network for operations area?

    Departments such as the Land Records Department, the Survey Department,


    and the Electricity Board are typically responsible for maintaining, updating, and
    storing land base maps and the electric network for operations in their
    respective areas.

    12. Define remote sensing.

    Remote sensing is the process of acquiring information about an object or


    phenomenon without making physical contact with it. This is typically done
    using satellite or aerial sensor technologies to detect and classify objects on
    Earth.

    13. List two advantages of using satellite imagery for remote sensing.

    1. Provides large-scale coverage and access to remote or inaccessible areas.


    2. Offers consistent and repetitive observations over time, facilitating
    monitoring and analysis of changes.

    14. Explain the basic principle used in Remote Sensing.


    The basic principle of remote sensing involves the detection and measurement
    of radiation (electromagnetic energy) reflected or emitted from objects on the
    Earth's surface. Sensors onboard satellites or aircraft capture this radiation,
    which is then processed and analyzed to extract meaningful information about
    the objects or areas under observation.

    15. Mention two benefits of 3D visualization in GIS.

    1. Enhanced spatial understanding and analysis by visualizing the terrain and


    features in three dimensions.
    2. Improved decision-making capabilities for urban planning, infrastructure
    development, and environmental management.

    16. Suggest any two uses of Geospatial technology in Security and Defence.

    1. Surveillance and reconnaissance operations using satellite imagery and GIS


    data to monitor activities and movements in strategic areas.
    2. Tactical planning and battlefield management by integrating real-time
    geospatial data for situational awareness and resource deployment.

    Section C: Long Answer Type Questions (5 marks each)

    17. Explain the significance of temporal resolution in remote sensing and


    provide an example of its application.

    Temporal resolution refers to the frequency at which a satellite or sensor


    captures imagery of the same area on Earth's surface. High temporal resolution
    is crucial for monitoring changes over time, such as vegetation growth, urban
    expansion, and disaster impacts. For example, in agriculture, high temporal
    resolution imagery can be used to monitor crop health, detect pest infestations,
    and optimize irrigation schedules by providing timely updates on field
    conditions.

    18. Describe the process of image classification in remote sensing.


    Image classification in remote sensing involves categorizing all the pixels in an
    image into land cover classes or themes. The process includes:
    1. Data Collection: Gathering satellite or aerial images.
    2. Preprocessing: Correcting geometric distortions, atmospheric effects, and
    noise.
    3. Training Data Selection: Identifying and selecting sample pixels that represent
    known land cover classes.
    4. Classification: Using algorithms like Maximum Likelihood, Minimum Distance,
    or Support Vector Machines to assign each pixel to a class based on its spectral
    signature.
    5. Post-Processing: Refining the classified image using techniques like filtering to
    remove misclassifications and enhance the accuracy.

    19. Explain how remote sensing can be used to monitor deforestation.

    Remote sensing enables the monitoring of deforestation by capturing and


    analyzing imagery over time. Sensors detect changes in land cover by comparing
    images from different periods. Techniques such as Normalized Difference
    Vegetation Index (NDVI) can highlight areas of vegetation loss. This data helps
    quantify the extent of deforestation, identify hotspots, and track illegal logging
    activities, aiding conservation efforts and policy-making.

    20. Evaluate the impacts of remote sensing technology on modern agriculture.

    Remote sensing technology significantly impacts modern agriculture by:


    1. Enhancing crop monitoring: Provides timely information on crop health,
    growth stages, and potential issues like pest infestations.
    2. Optimizing resource use: Helps in precision farming by guiding the efficient
    use of water, fertilizers, and pesticides based on field conditions.
    3. Increasing yields: Enables better management practices and decision-making,
    leading to improved productivity and reduced losses.
    4. Supporting sustainability: Assists in monitoring soil health, erosion, and land
    use changes, promoting sustainable farming practices.
    5. Facilitating disaster management: Offers early warning systems for droughts,
    floods, and other natural disasters affecting agriculture.

    21. Analyse the challenges and limitations of remote sensing in environmental


    monitoring.

    While remote sensing is a powerful tool for environmental monitoring, it faces


    several challenges and limitations, including:
    1. Resolution constraints: Spatial, spectral, and temporal resolutions may not
    always meet specific monitoring needs.
    2. Atmospheric interference: Clouds, haze, and aerosols can obstruct or distort
    the data, affecting accuracy.
    3. High costs: Acquiring and processing high-resolution satellite data can be
    expensive.
    4. Data interpretation: Requires expertise to analyze and interpret complex
    datasets accurately.
    5. Limited ground truth: Verification with on-ground observations is often
    necessary, which can be logistically challenging and costly.

    Section D: Case Study Based Question (7 marks)

    22. Case Study: Monitoring Deforestation in the Amazon Rainforest

    1. Explain how remote sensing techniques can be used to monitor deforestation


    in the Amazon rainforest. Discuss the types of sensors used, the data they
    provide, and how this information is analyzed to assess deforestation rates and
    impacts. (4 marks)

    Remote sensing techniques involve using satellite and aerial imagery to monitor
    deforestation in the Amazon rainforest. Various sensors such as Landsat,
    MODIS, and Sentinel are commonly used for this purpose. These sensors
    provide data on vegetation cover, land use changes, and forest density. The
    data is analyzed using methods like NDVI to identify areas of vegetation loss. By
    comparing imagery over time, deforestation rates and patterns can be assessed.
    This information helps in understanding the extent of deforestation, identifying
    hotspots, and assessing the impacts on biodiversity and climate change.

    2. How remote sensing can be effective for Indian forest and disaster
    management? (3 marks)

    Remote sensing is effective for Indian forest and disaster management in


    several ways:
    1. Forest Management: Monitors forest cover, detects illegal logging, and
    assesses forest health. Helps in planning conservation strategies and sustainable
    forest management practices.
    2. Disaster Management: Provides real-time data for early warning systems,
    tracks the progression of natural disasters like floods, cyclones, and landslides.
    Assists in damage assessment, resource allocation, and recovery planning.
    3. Biodiversity Conservation: Maps habitats, monitors species distribution, and
    assesses the impacts of human activities on ecosystems, supporting
    conservation efforts and policy-making.

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