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Tutorial 1

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8 views

Tutorial 1

Uploaded by

Benson Shayo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UNIVERSITY OF DAR ES SALAAM

CHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT
CH 201 CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS

Tutorial Question Set 1 for 2024/2025


1. Assume a reversible process so that 𝑝𝑒𝑥𝑡 = 𝑝 for the system consisting of an ideal gas compressed from
the initial state (𝑝1 𝑉1 ) to the final state (𝑝2 𝑉2). The final state can be reached through two paths; cooling
at constant pressure followed by heating at constant volume. In the second path, the gas is heated at
constant volume followed by cooling at constant pressure. Note that in compression 𝑉1 > 𝑉2 and 𝑝1 <
𝑝2 .
(i) Draw the 𝑝𝑉 indicator diagram of the processes.
(ii) Show that for the closed circle ∮ d𝑤 ≠ 0
𝜕𝐻
2. Show that for solids and liquids, ( ) ≈ 𝑉
𝜕𝑝 𝑇

3. A piece of zinc of mass 5.0 g is dropped into a beaker containing dilute hydrochloric acid. Calculate the
work done by the system as a result of the reaction. The atmospheric pressure is 1 bar and the temperature
is 23 °C.
4. A sample of 5.0 mol CO2(g) is originally confined at 0.015 m3 at 280 K and then undergoes adiabatic
expansion against a constant pressure of 78.5103 Pa until the volume has increased by a factor of 4.0.
Given that the molar heat capacity at a constant pressure of CO2(g), 𝐶𝑝,𝑚 , is 37 J K1 mol1, calculate q,
w, ∆𝑇, ∆U, and ∆𝐻
5. A sample consisting of 2.00 mol He is expanded isothermally at 0 °C from 5.0 dm3 to 20.0 dm3, (i)
reversibly, (ii) against a constant external pressure equal to the final pressure of the gas, and (iii) freely
(against zero external pressure). For the three processes calculate 𝑞, 𝑤, and Δ𝑈.
6. A sample consisting of 2.00 mol He is expanded isothermally at 22 °C from 22.8 dm 3 to 31.7 dm3; (a)
reversibly, (b) against a constant external pressure equal to the final pressure of the gas, and (c) freely.
For the three processes calculate 𝑞, w, ∆𝑈, and ∆𝐻.
7. An ideal gas at 1 bar and 298 K is compressed to 3 bar and 298 K by two different closed system
mechanically reversible processes: (a) Cooling at constant pressure followed by heating at constant
volume, and (b) heating at constant volume followed by cooling at constant pressure. Calculate the 𝑞,
𝑤, 𝛥𝑈 and 𝛥𝐻 of the air for each path. The following heat capacities for ideal gas may be assumed
independent of temperature: 𝐶𝑉 = 21 and 𝐶𝑝 = 29 J·mol−1·K−1 Assume the gas behaves ideally, at 298
K and at 1 bar the molar volume of the gas is 0.02479 m3·mol−1. Give your conclusion from the results
obtained.
8. A sample of H2(g) expands adiabatically and reversibly from a state 1 where p1= 1 × 105 Pa, V1 = 2 ×
103 m3, T1 = 300 K to state 2 where V2 = 4 × 103 m3. Assume H2 to behave as an ideal gas and calculate
the final temperature, T2, and pressure, p2. Use the constant value 𝐶𝑝 = 28.8 J mol1 K1. Calculate
n(H2,g), and 𝑈, w and 𝐻 for the expansion process.
9. One mole of methane, CH4 originally at 25 °C and 1 bar is heated at constant pressure until the volume
is doubled. Assume the gas to behave as an ideal gas and calculate U and H for the process. The molar
heat capacity at constant pressure is: CP = 22.34 + 48.1× 10 3 T.
10. A 0.138 g sample of solid magnesium is burned in a constant volume bomb calorimeter that has a heat
capacity of 1.77 kJ C1. The calorimeter contains 300 mL of water (density = 1 g mL–1) and its
temperature is raised by 1.126 °C. Given that the heat capacity of water at constant volume is 4.184 J g–
1
°C–1 calculate the enthalpy of combustion of magnesium at 298 K. [molar mass = 24.30 g mol–1].

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