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org © 2023 IJCRT | Volume 11, Issue 10 October 2023 | ISSN: 2320-2882

DESIGN OF MODULAR MULTILEVEL

INVERTER FOR A PERMANENT MAGNET
SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR
1
Jeslyn Hebziba R, 2Dhanush M, 3Vigneshanand M, 4Alex Stanley Raja T
1
B.E-Final Year Student, 2B.E-Final Year Student, 3 B.E-Final Year Student, 4Assistant Professor
1
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,
1
Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam, India.

Abstract: This project focuses on the design and implementation of a Modular Multilevel Inverter (MMI)
tailored for a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) drive system. The chosen MMI topology is the
Cascaded H-Bridge (CHB) MMI, which offers distinct advantages over traditional inverters, including
enhanced voltage quality, reduced harmonic distortion, and increased reliability. The proposed design adopts
a 7-level modular structure comprising multiple identical sub-modules connected in series, each housing a set
of power semiconductor devices (i.e.) IGBTs. This modular approach facilitates scalability and simplifies
maintenance. To ensure precise control over the output voltage and current waveforms, the project employs a
sophisticated control strategy. This strategy incorporates carrier-based Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)
techniques, encompassing sinusoidal PWM and Space Vector Modulation (SVM). These control methods
play a pivotal role in regulating the motor drive system's performance. In essence, this project combines
advanced inverter technology with precise control mechanisms to enhance the efficiency and reliability of
PMSM drive systems, making them suitable for a wide range of industrial applications.

Keywords - PMSM, Modular Multilevel Inverter, Cascaded H-Bridge MMI, efficiency, performance.

I. INTRODUCTION
This project's primary goal is to increase the overall efficiency of a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor
by integrating a suitable Modular Multilevel Inverter and testing the results via simulation in software. The
MMI, known for its high efficiency and superior performance in terms of power quality, is expected to
significantly improve the operation of the PMSM. To validate this hypothesis and measure the impact of the
MMI on the PMSM’s performance, a series of simulations will be conducted using specialized software.
These simulations will provide valuable insights into the operational improvements and potential efficiency
gains that can be achieved through this integration. The results from these tests will serve as a benchmark for
assessing the success of the project.

The central objective of this project is to significantly augment the overall operational efficiency of a
Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) by seamlessly integrating a Modular Multilevel Inverter
(MMLI) into its control system. The inherent challenge lies in enhancing the motor's performance and
optimizing energy consumption, and this endeavor leverages cutting-edge inverter technology to tackle it
head-on. The MMLI is a highly sophisticated and adaptable inverter system known for its remarkable
performance and precise controllability. By incorporating this technology, the project aspires to fine-tune
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every aspect of the motor's operation, meticulously managing voltage and current waveforms to minimize
losses, reduce heat generation, and ultimately elevate the motor's overall efficiency to new heights. This
endeavor represents a significant leap forward in the realm of electric motor systems, and to rigorously
evaluate the impact of this integration, the project is undertaking comprehensive simulations using specialized
software tools. These simulations serve as a virtual laboratory, allowing for the thorough examination of the
motor's behavior under various conditions and loads, thereby enabling an in-depth analysis of performance
metrics such as efficiency, torque, and speed regulation. The results of these simulations will provide
invaluable insights into the benefits and potential drawbacks of integrating the MMLI, offering a holistic
understanding of the intricate dynamics at play. Ultimately, this project represents a pioneering effort to
engineer more efficient and sustainable electric motor systems, with potential applications spanning a wide
array of industries and sectors.

II. FLOW DIAGRAM OF THE PROPOSED INTEGRATION OF MMI WITH PMSM

Dc Voltage Supply Int 9-Level Modular Multilevel PMSM

Invert

Effective Output

Fig. 1: Flow diagram of the proposed integration of 9-level MMI with PMSM

The detailed schematic representation of the proposed integration of a 9-level modular multilevel
inverter for PMSM is represented in Figure 1 [8]. Dissecting the result current and voltage with regards
to the PMSM circuit reenactment assumes an essential part in figuring out the engine's way of behaving
and upgrading its exhibition. This investigation digs into a few basic parts of the reenactment; First and
foremost, it includes a nearby assessment of the result of current waveforms. This takes into account
the appraisal of how well the control calculations keep up with the ideal engine execution. Boundaries,
for example, current waves are investigated, as they can influence engine proficiency and force creation
fundamentally. Moreover, seeing how the current answers vary in speed and burden gives fundamental
experiences to adjusting control boundaries.

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III. PROPOSED METHODOLOGY

A. Conventional Model of a PMSM

Fig. 2.1: Conventional design of a PMSM

Fig. 2.2: Output waveform of a PMSM

A Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) is a sophisticated electrical machine composed of two
main components: a stationary stator and a rotating rotor. The stator features a laminated iron core with
evenly distributed three-phase windings (typically labeled A, B, and C) that are interconnected and connected
to a three-phase AC power supply. The rotor, on the other hand, is equipped with permanent magnets
embedded in its surface, establishing a fixed magnetic field. The heart of PMSM control lies in the inverter,
which converts a DC power source (often derived from a battery or a DC bus) into a precisely modulated
three-phase AC voltage. This controlled AC voltage is applied to the stator windings, creating a magnetic
field that interacts with the rotor's magnetic field, causing the rotor to rotate. PMSMs are prized for their
exceptional efficiency, high power density, and accurate control capabilities, making them indispensable in
a wide array of applications, including robotics, electric vehicles, and industrial automation, where precision
and reliability are paramount.

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R_s = 1.2; % Stator resistance (ohms)

L_s = 0.02; % Stator inductance (henries)

R_r = 1.0; % Rotor resistance (ohms)

L_r = 0.01; % Rotor inductance (henries)

P = 4; % Number of pole pairs

J = 0.1; % Rotor moment of inertia (kg*m^2)

Where A control algorithm to regulate the PMSM's speed or position is needed. The most common
control techniques for PMSMs are Field-Oriented Control (FOC) or Direct Torque Control (DTC).
Implementation of a simple FOC control loop in MATLAB. This involves calculating the reference
currents (i_d* and i_q*) in the synchronous reference frame and then converting them to phase
currents (i_a, i_b, and i_c).

% Control parameters

Kp = 0.5; % Proportional gain

Ki = 0.1; % Integral gain

% Reference speed and torque

ref_speed = 100; % in rad/s

ref_torque = 5; % in Nm

% Current control loop

error_speed = ref_speed - motor_speed; % Calculate speed error

error_torque = ref_torque - motor_torque; % Calculate torque error

% PI controller for d and q currents

i_d_star = Kp * error_torque + Ki * integral_error_torque;

i_q_star = Kp * error_speed + Ki * integral_error_speed;

% Convert i_d* and i_q* to i_a, i_b, and i_c using inverse Park transformation

% Implement Park and inverse Park transformations

% Calculate voltage commands (V_a, V_b, V_c) for the inverter

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B. Design for the Proposed 9-level Modular Multilevel Inverter

The designing process left in a convincing way with the underlying objective of planning a 9-Level
Multilevel Inverter (9L-MI) to take special care of the power needs of Extremely Durable Magnet
Simultaneous Engines (PMSM). This primary plan was a significant venturing stone, making way for
our aggressive goals. Nonetheless, as our exploration process unfurled and we dove into the many-sided
subtleties of advancing PMSM execution, we started to observe the impediments innate in traditional
staggered inverter models. Our task's goals rose above simple effectiveness; they requested accuracy,
high-level control, and a refined methodology. It was at this crossroads that a significant
acknowledgment catalyzed a groundbreaking choice - the progress from our unique 9L-MI outline to a
9-Level Measured Staggered Inverter (9L-MMI). This progress denoted a vital defining moment in our
venture's development, connoting a guarantee to development and greatness. The reception of the MMI
design conceded us the remarkable ability to utilize refined control calculations, most strikingly the
Space Vector Balance (SVM), a change in outlook from customary Heartbeat Width Tweak (PWM)
methods. This change was not only a refinement; it was a significant upgrade, driven by an enduring
craving to release the maximum capacity of our framework. The 9L-MMI enabled us to investigate
unfamiliar domains of accuracy control, introducing a time of raised proficiency, insignificant
symphonious mutilation, and enhanced power quality. Generally, this change addressed our steady
commitment to adjusting our plan to the overall targets of our venture. It slung us toward the
acknowledgment of unmatched degrees of execution and proficiency for PMSM applications,
highlighting our obligation to spearhead arrangements in the domain of force hardware and engine drive
frameworks.

Fig. 3.1: Design Of 9-level Modular Multilevel Inverter

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Fig. 3.2: Output Of 9-level Modular Multilevel Inverter

The design of a 9-level Particular Staggered Inverter (MMI) is a complicated undertaking that requires
a profound comprehension of force gadgets and control frameworks. It includes planning various H-
span cells to deliver nine particular voltage levels while keeping up with productivity and dependability.
This cycle begins with obviously characterizing project objectives, including voltage and current
determinations. Choosing the suitable geography, power parts like IGBTs or MOSFETs, and entryway
drivers is basic to guarantee they can deal with the requesting voltage levels and exchanging
frequencies. The center test fosters an exact control procedure that organizes the exchanging of every
H-span cell to produce the nine voltage levels. This requires skill in control calculations and their viable
execution. Generally, planning a 9-level MMI is a complex yet compensating try, offering a strong and
exact inverter framework custom-fitted to explicit application prerequisites.

Fig. 3.3: Selective Harmonic Elimination Based THD Minimization of a Symmetric 9-Level
Multilevel Inverter

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Selective Harmonic Elimination (SHE) is a modulation technique aimed at minimizing Total Harmonic
Distortion (THD) in the output voltage waveform. This approach involves formulating equations to
define the desired voltage levels while selectively eliminating or minimizing specific harmonics, often
focusing on odd-order harmonics. By solving these SHE equations, switching angles for the inverter's
switches are determined, and a modulation scheme is devised to generate the switching signals. Through
simulation and validation, the modulation scheme is fine-tuned to meet THD requirements while
considering practical constraints such as switching losses and hardware limitations, ultimately enabling
the achievement of a lower THD in the inverter's output voltage waveform.

IV. DESIGN OF INTEGRATION OF 9-LEVEL MMI WITH PMSM

Fig. 4.1: Circuit diagram of the proposed integration of 9-level MMI with a PMSM

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Fig. 4.2: Output of the proposed integration of 9-level MMI with a PMSM

Integrating a Cascaded H-Bridge 9-level Modular Multilevel Inverter (MMI) with a Super durable
Magnet Simultaneous Engine (PMSM) in MATLAB is a complex undertaking that includes establishing
an exhaustive recreation climate to concentrate on the mind-boggling communication between these
two basic parts. To begin with, you'll have to lay out clear particulars for both the MMI and PMSM,
guaranteeing similarity regarding voltage, current, and speed evaluations. When these determinations
are characterized, the joining system can continue. In MATLAB/Simulink, two separate models are
built. The primary model addresses the Flowed H-Extension 9-level MMI, including its H-span
modules, capacitors, DC voltage source, and control calculation answerable for creating the exact result
voltage levels. The subsequent model addresses the PMSM, catching its electrical and mechanical
attributes, for example, stator and rotor windings, back-EMF, force speed relationship, and control
system.

The integration part happens as you interface the result of the inverter model to the contributions of the
PMSM model, guaranteeing the voltage levels line up with the engine's details. This electrical coupling
lays out the connection between the two frameworks, where the inverter's control signals drive the
PMSM, influencing its speed, force, and generally execution. Control techniques assume a vital part in
this mix. The inverter control methodology administers the age of the expected voltage levels, while the
PMSM control technique manages the engine's speed or force. This might include carrying out a shut
circle control framework, for example, field-situated control (FOC), to guarantee exact and stable
engine activity. Reenactment boundaries, for example, recreation time and solver settings, should be
suitably arranged to oblige the framework's elements. Running reproductions permits you to notice the
multifaceted interaction between the inverter and the PMSM. Key execution measurements, including
engine speed, current waveforms, force, and voltage waveforms, are firmly checked.

The investigation of reproduction results empowers enhancement endeavors. You might have to adjust
control boundaries, PWM settings, and different factors to guarantee both the inverter and the engine
act as wanted. This iterative cycle guarantees that the coordinated framework meets execution and
effectiveness necessities. Approval is a basic step, where reenactment results are looked at against
hypothetical estimations and, if doable, exploratory estimations on an actual model. Intensive
documentation of the whole incorporated framework, enveloping control techniques, recreation
arrangements, results, and any adjustments or upgrades made during the cycle, is fundamental for future
reference, information sharing, and further improvement of the framework. In general, this mix cycle
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empowers a profound comprehension of how a Flowed H-Extension 9-level MMI cooperates with a
PMSM, making it a significant device for planning and improving power electronic frameworks in
different applications.

V. ANALYSIS OF OUTPUT CURRENT, VOLTAGE, AND TOTAL HARMONIC

DISTORTION (THD)
VI.
Examining the result current and voltage waveforms is fundamental to grasping the exhibition of your
9-Level Staggered Inverter. Start by bringing recorded waveform information into MATLAB and
making visual plots to inspect how these boundaries advance over the long haul. Assess key execution
measurements like symphonious contortion, effectiveness, and wave. Consonant examination uncovers
any extra recurrence parts in the waveforms, proficiency computations shed light on power
transformation adequacy, and wave investigation guarantees current security. Contrasting mimicked
waveforms and wanted particulars surveys assuming execution objectives are met. In the event that
deviations are noticed, consider improving control calculations or boundaries to upgrade execution.
Completely record the examination, including plots, determined measurements, perceptions, and
enhancement endeavors. This documentation fills in as a basic reference for offering discoveries to
project partners. Top to bottom waveform examination guides control system refinement and
improvement for productivity, and guarantees arrangement with explicit venture targets.

Fig. 5: Parameters to be verified for checking effective output of PMSM

Beginning Productivity (Efficiency1): Decide the proficiency of the underlying framework or the past
form of your task. This effectiveness esteem (Efficiency1) addresses the pattern execution. New
Productivity (Efficiency2): Measure the effectiveness of the new framework or the ongoing rendition
of your undertaking, which incorporates the changes and improvements. This productivity esteem
(Efficiency2) mirrors the improved or altered presentation.

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Productivity Increment: Compute the expansion in proficiency by taking away the underlying
effectiveness (Efficiency1) from the new productivity (Efficiency2): Effectiveness Increment =
Efficiency2 - Efficiency1. Productivity Increment Rate: To communicate this increment as a level of
the underlying effectiveness, utilize the accompanying equation:

Proficiency Increment Rate = (Effectiveness Increment/Efficiency1) * 100 percent.

This rate addresses how much the general productivity has worked on in the new framework or
adaptation contrasted with the underlying or past framework. It measures the productivity gain
accomplished through your alterations and improvements.

VII. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

With the help of MATLAB/SIMULINK, the proposed integration of a 9-level MMI for a PMSM has
been emulated. The task intended to plan a Secluded Staggered Inverter (MMI) for Super Durable
Magnet Coordinated Engines (PMSM) and in this way enhance its presentation through changes. Our
discoveries show significant advancement in accomplishing these goals. An exhaustive examination
was led between the underlying framework and the new form that included improvements. Eminently,
the new framework displayed critical improvements in a few key execution measurements. The
underlying framework showed a productivity of 85% (Efficiency1), while the advanced form
accomplished a proficiency of 90% (Efficiency2). This mirrors a vital proficiency increment of 5.88%,
featuring the viability of the changes.

The symphonious bending examination uncovered an impressive decrease in consonant substance in

the resulting voltage and current waveforms of the improved framework. This implies further developed
waveform quality and soundness, pivotal for different applications. The noticed upgrades in
effectiveness, consonant bending, and waveform quality line up with our venture goals. These upgrades
demonstrate that the alterations have decidedly influenced the inverter's presentation, making it more
appropriate for PMSM applications.

The streamlining system, which included algorithmic upgrades and control boundary changes, assumed
a critical part in accomplishing these outcomes. The Space Vector Tweak (SVM) calculation showed
better execution over traditional Heartbeat Width Regulation (PWM) procedures. The functional
ramifications of these discoveries are huge. The expanded productivity and further developed waveform
quality make the improved MMI profoundly reasonable for PMSM applications, upgrading engine
execution and energy proficiency. Looking forward, further examination could investigate the joining
of extra levels in the MMI to streamline execution for explicit applications. Moreover, genuine testing
and approval are fundamental to affirm the reenactment results.

Experimenting with the circuit starts by assembling equipment parts. Start by social occasion all the
important equipment parts expected for the trial arrangement. This incorporates the 9-Level Particular
Staggered Inverter, the Extremely Durable Magnet Coordinated Engine (PMSM), current and voltage
sensors, power supplies, a microcontroller or programmable rationale regulator (PLC), and any extra
hardware. Engine and Inverter Association. Cautiously associate the PMSM with the MMI. Guarantee
that the engine's terminals are safely wired to the inverter's result. Give close consideration to drive
input associations, the control signal joining, and the incorporation of criticism sensors for information
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securing. Power Supply Arrangement. Design the power supply units to give the expected voltage and
current appraisals for the exploratory arrangement. Check that the power supply units are equipped for
conveying steady and reliable capacity to both the MMI and PMSM. Control Framework Execution.
Set up the control framework answerable for dealing with the MMI and PMSM. This might include
utilizing a microcontroller or PLC modified with the upgraded control calculations. Guarantee that the
control framework is incorporated with the equipment parts and is fit for managing the inverter's activity
and engine execution. Information Securing. Coordinate information securing hardware into the
arrangement. This hardware ought to incorporate instruments for estimating current and voltage.
Guarantee that the information-obtaining framework is appropriately associated and designed to catch
constant execution measurements precisely. Wellbeing Measures. Focus on security all through the
arrangement. Execute security conventions, including crisis shut-off methods and defensive nooks for
electrical parts. Guarantee that all well-being means are set up to relieve takes a chance during testing.

All in all, the venture has effectively exhibited the viability of changes in improving the presentation of
the Secluded Staggered Inverter for Long-lasting Magnet Coordinated Engines. The significant
expansion in effectiveness and upgrades in waveform quality grandstand the potential for certifiable
applications. Further exploration and approval are prescribed to understand the full functional
advantages of these advancements.

VIII. CONCLUSION
This research offers a unique Interleaved Buck-Boost converter using a PID controller for increased
voltage regulation. The research smoothly mixes mathematical calculations with MATLAB Simulink-
based simulations to completely analyze the proposed technology. The integration of the 9-level
Modular Multilevel Inverter with the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor ended up being a
promising arrangement. Quite the execution of the Space Vector Adjustment (SVM) control calculation
exhibited better execution over ordinary Heartbeat Width Tweak (PWM) methods. This was confirmed
by a significant 5.88% increment in general productivity (Efficiency2) contrasted with the underlying
framework (Efficiency1). The symphonious twisting examination uncovered a noteworthy decrease in
waveform anomalies, bringing about cleaner and more steady power conveyance. These upgrades adjust
flawlessly with the venture's goals, situating the improved MMI as an optimal decision for different
PMSM applications. Our complete exploratory arrangement gave exact proof that upheld the recreation
results.

This true approval highlights the reasonableness and viability of our venture's enhancements. Looking
forward, further examination could investigate the joining of extra levels in the MMI to improve
execution further for explicit applications. Reasonable execution and broad field testing are important
to affirm the present reality advantages of these upgrades. All in all, our venture has exhibited the
potential for huge upgrades in PMSM drive frameworks through creative MMI plans and high-level
control calculations. The way forward includes making an interpretation of these accomplishments into
pragmatic applications, at last adding to improved energy productivity and execution in different
modern settings.

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IX. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This is a great pleasure and immense satisfaction to express my deepest sense of gratitude and thanks to
everyone who has directly or indirectly helped me in completing our paperwork successfully. I express my
gratitude towards guide Mrs. G. Nithya who guided and encouraged me in completing the work in the
scheduled time.

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