MITCH RESEARH ENVI.SCI

I.
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)

1. Environmental Impact Assessment (Policies/Laws)
The Environmental Impact Assessment System in the Philippines is
primarily governed by the Philippine Environmental Impact Statement System
(PEISS), established through Presidential Decree (PD) 1586 in 1978. This
decree mandates EIAs for projects that may significantly affect the
environment. The PEISS is further strengthened by the Environmental Impact
Assessment (EIA) System under the Environmental Management Bureau
(EMB) of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR),
which provides detailed guidelines and procedures for conducting EIAs.
The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) System under the

Environmental Management Bureau (EMB) of the Department of Environment
and Natural Resources (DENR) aims to ensure that projects with potential
environmental impacts undergo proper assessment and scrutiny. The
Environment (Protection) Act of 1986 and subsequent amendments outline
the regulatory framework for EIA in the Philippines.
2. Role and Importance of EIA in Environmental Management in the

Philippines
-EIA plays a critical role in environmental management in the

Philippines by promoting sustainable development and ensuring that
environmental concerns are integrated into project planning and decision-
making. It helps to:
 Identify potential environmental impacts: EIAs systematically evaluate

the potential positive and negative impacts of a project on various
environmental components, including air and water quality, biodiversity,
land use, and social aspects.
 Mitigate negative impacts: By identifying potential impacts, EIAs enable

the development of mitigation measures to minimize or avoid adverse
environmental effects. These measures can include pollution control
technologies, habitat restoration, and community engagement programs.
 Promote informed decision-making: EIAs provide decision-makers with

comprehensive information about the environmental consequences of a
project, allowing them to make informed choices based on a balanced
assessment of environmental, social, and economic factors.
 Enhance transparency and public participation: The EIA process often

includes public consultation and stakeholder engagement, ensuring that the
voices of affected communities are heard and considered. This fosters
transparency and accountability in environmental decision-making.
3. Purpose of EIA to the Society or Community
-The purpose of EIA extends beyond environmental protection to benefit

society and communities by:
 Protecting public health: EIAs help to identify and mitigate potential risks
to human health associated with projects, such as air pollution, water
contamination, and noise pollution.
 Preserving natural resources: EIAs contribute to the conservation of

biodiversity, water resources, and other natural assets by ensuring that
projects are designed and implemented in a way that minimizes negative
impacts.
 Promoting sustainable development: By integrating environmental

considerations into project planning, EIAs contribute to a more sustainable
development path that balances economic growth with environmental
protection.
 Empowering communities: The public participation aspect of EIAs

empowers communities to voice their concerns and influence project
decisions, promoting a sense of ownership and responsibility for
environmental protection.
4. EIA Process in the Philippines
-The EIA process in the Philippines typically involves the following stages:
1. Screening: The EMB determines whether a project requires a full EIA

based on its potential environmental impacts.
2. Scoping: The scope of the EIA is defined, identifying the key

environmental issues that need to be assessed.
3. Impact Assessment: The potential environmental impacts of the project

are analyzed, including direct, indirect, and cumulative effects.
4. Mitigation and Management: Measures to avoid, minimize, rectify, or

compensate for adverse impacts are identified and incorporated into the
project design.
5. Reporting: An Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) is prepared,

summarizing the findings, analyses, and recommendations of the EIA.
6. Review: The EIS is reviewed by the EMB and other relevant agencies,
including the public, to ensure its completeness and adequacy.
7. Decision-making: The EMB makes a decision on whether to approve,

modify, or reject the project based on the findings of the EIA.
8. Monitoring and Compliance: The project's environmental impacts are

monitored, and the effectiveness of mitigation measures is evaluated to
ensure compliance with the EIA requirements.
5. Example of EIA Assessment
-An example of an EIA assessment in the Philippines could involve a proposed

mining project in a mountainous region. The EIA would assess the potential impacts
on:
 Biodiversity: The project could affect the habitat of endangered species or

disrupt the ecological balance of the area.
 Water resources: Mining activities could contaminate nearby rivers or

streams with heavy metals or other pollutants.
 Air quality: The project could generate dust and particulate matter,
affecting air quality in surrounding communities.
 Land use: Mining operations would alter the landscape and potentially
displace local communities.
 Social impacts: The project could affect the livelihoods of local

communities, potentially leading to displacement, loss of income, or cultural
disruption.
-The EIA would then propose mitigation measures to address these potential
impacts, such as:
 Habitat restoration: Reforestation and revegetation programs to restore

degraded areas.
 Water treatment: Implementing water treatment systems to prevent

pollution of nearby water sources.
 Dust control: Using dust suppression techniques to minimize air pollution.
 Community engagement: Establishing programs to provide economic

opportunities and support to local communities.
II. Environmental Clearance Certificate (ECC)
1. ECC (Policies/Laws)
-The Environmental Clearance Certificate (ECC) is a legal document

issued by the DENR through the EMB, authorizing a project to proceed after it
has undergone an EIA and the potential environmental impacts have been
adequately addressed. The ECC is a crucial requirement for projects listed in
the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) System under the Environmental
Management Bureau (EMB) of the Department of Environment and Natural
Resources (DENR).
2. ECC System and Process
-The ECC system and process are closely linked to the EIA process. The
ECC is issued after a project has successfully completed the EIA and the EMB
has determined that the potential environmental impacts have been
adequately mitigated. The ECC application process typically involves:
1. Submission of Application: The project proponent submits an

application for an ECC to the EMB, including the approved EIS and other
relevant documents.
2. Review and Evaluation: The EMB reviews the application and the EIS to
ensure compliance with environmental regulations and the adequacy of
mitigation measures.
3. Public Consultation: The EMB may conduct public consultations to

gather feedback from affected communities and stakeholders.
4. Issuance of ECC: If the EMB approves the application, an ECC is issued,

authorizing the project to proceed.
3. Purpose of ECC
-The purpose of the ECC is to:

 Authorize projects to proceed: The ECC serves as a legal permit that
allows a project to commence its operations.
 Ensure environmental compliance: The ECC sets out specific conditions

and requirements that the project must adhere to throughout its lifecycle to
minimize environmental impacts.
 Promote responsible development: The ECC promotes responsible

development by ensuring that projects are environmentally sustainable and
meet the standards set by the DENR.
4. Importance of ECC
-The ECC is crucial for environmental protection and sustainable development

in the Philippines because it:
 Provides legal protection: The ECC ensures that projects comply with
environmental regulations and are subject to legal scrutiny.
 Enforces mitigation measures: The ECC requires the project proponent to

implement the mitigation measures outlined in the EIA, ensuring that
environmental impacts are minimized.
 Promotes transparency and accountability: The ECC process involves

public consultation and stakeholder engagement, fostering transparency and
accountability in environmental decision-making.
 By ensuring compliance with environmental standards, the ECC helps to

protect the environment and natural resources for present and future
generations.
5. ECC Sample
-A sample ECC would typically include:
 Name, location, and description of the project.
 Environmental impacts: Summary of the potential environmental impacts

identified in the EIA.
 Mitigation measures: Detailed description of the mitigation measures that

the project proponent will implement.
 Monitoring requirements: Specific requirements for monitoring the

project's environmental impacts and the effectiveness of mitigation
measures].
 Conditions and restrictions: Specific conditions and restrictions that the

project proponent must adhere to.
 Validity period: The duration for which the ECC is valid.
 Issuance date: The date on which the ECC was issued
Conclusion
The EIA and ECC processes are essential tools for environmental
management in the Philippines. They provide a framework for identifying,
mitigating, and managing the environmental impacts of development projects,
ensuring that environmental considerations are integrated into project planning and
decision-making. By promoting sustainable development and protecting the
environment, these processes contribute to a healthier and more sustainable future
for the Philippines.

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I.

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)

The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) System under the

2. Role and Importance of EIA in Environmental Management in the

-EIA plays a critical role in environmental management in the

 Identify potential environmental impacts: EIAs systematically evaluate

 Mitigate negative impacts: By identifying potential impacts, EIAs enable

 Promote informed decision-making: EIAs provide decision-makers with

 Enhance transparency and public participation: The EIA process often

3. Purpose of EIA to the Society or Community

-The purpose of EIA extends beyond environmental protection to benefit

 Preserving natural resources: EIAs contribute to the conservation of

 Promoting sustainable development: By integrating environmental

 Empowering communities: The public participation aspect of EIAs

4. EIA Process in the Philippines

1. Screening: The EMB determines whether a project requires a full EIA

2. Scoping: The scope of the EIA is defined, identifying the key

3. Impact Assessment: The potential environmental impacts of the project

4. Mitigation and Management: Measures to avoid, minimize, rectify, or

5. Reporting: An Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) is prepared,

7. Decision-making: The EMB makes a decision on whether to approve,

8. Monitoring and Compliance: The project's environmental impacts are

5. Example of EIA Assessment

-An example of an EIA assessment in the Philippines could involve a proposed

 Biodiversity: The project could affect the habitat of endangered species or

 Water resources: Mining activities could contaminate nearby rivers or

 Social impacts: The project could affect the livelihoods of local

 Habitat restoration: Reforestation and revegetation programs to restore

 Water treatment: Implementing water treatment systems to prevent

 Dust control: Using dust suppression techniques to minimize air pollution.

 Community engagement: Establishing programs to provide economic

II. Environmental Clearance Certificate (ECC)

-The Environmental Clearance Certificate (ECC) is a legal document

2. ECC System and Process

1. Submission of Application: The project proponent submits an

3. Public Consultation: The EMB may conduct public consultations to

4. Issuance of ECC: If the EMB approves the application, an ECC is issued,

-The purpose of the ECC is to:

 Ensure environmental compliance: The ECC sets out specific conditions

 Promote responsible development: The ECC promotes responsible

-The ECC is crucial for environmental protection and sustainable development

 Enforces mitigation measures: The ECC requires the project proponent to

 Promotes transparency and accountability: The ECC process involves

 By ensuring compliance with environmental standards, the ECC helps to

-A sample ECC would typically include:

 Name, location, and description of the project.

 Environmental impacts: Summary of the potential environmental impacts

 Mitigation measures: Detailed description of the mitigation measures that

 Monitoring requirements: Specific requirements for monitoring the

 Conditions and restrictions: Specific conditions and restrictions that the

 Validity period: The duration for which the ECC is valid.

 Issuance date: The date on which the ECC was issued

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