UNIT 1: LEISURE ACTIVITIES

A. PHONETICS
I. Fill in each blank with /br/ or /pr/ to complete the word.
1. ____ice 6. ____ead 11. um ____ella
2. ____ush 7. a ____icot 12. ____ince
3. ____acelet 8. ____oblem 13. li ____ary
4. ____idge 9. ____esent 14. ____occoli
5. ____esident 10. ____other 15. ____oject
II. Choose a /br/ or /pr/ word from part I to complete each sentence.
1. The ________ range of their computers is from $300 to $700.
2. She doesn’t like jewellery, but she is wearing a gold ________ .
3. I must go to the shop to buy some milk and a loaf of ________ .
4. You should always ________ your teeth after every meal.
5. My uncle gave me theatre tickets as a ________ on my birthday.
6. They will build a ________ over this stream, so we can go to school safely.
7. Last week, Beck was chosen as a ________ of our football club.
8. ________ blossoms always bloom during the spring months.
9. I’ve read every book in the ________ , but I’ve not read that one yet.
10. It was a team effort - everyone contributed something to the success of the ________ .

B. VOCABULARY
I. Write the verbs for the activities
Activities Verbs
1. Making origami, collecting stamps ____________, ____________
2. Watching TV, reading comics ____________, ____________
3. Playing sports, listening to music ____________, ____________
4. Learning something, visiting museums ____________, ____________
5. Having hobbies, relaxing at home ____________, ____________
6. Hanging out, using computer for leisure ____________, ____________
7. Socialising with friends, texting ____________, ____________
8. Going shopping, training pets ____________,____________
9. Doing DIY, spending time with family ____________,____________
10. $kateboarding, surfing the websites ____________,____________

II. Write the full forms of the following abbreviations.

1. EZ _______________ 11. NUFF _______________
2. J4F _______________ 12. <3 _______________
3. ur _______________ 13. w/ _______________
4. bro _______________ 14.WBU _______________
5. DYLI _______________ 15. n’ _______________

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 6. 4 _______________ 16.2moro _______________
7. r _______________ 17. F2F _______________
8. ASAP _______________ 18. CUL _______________
9. WF _______________ 19. MSG _______________
10. goin’ _______________ 20. W8 _______________
III. Fill in each blank with a correct preposition.
1. He usually plays a sport ________ his free time.
2. One of my friends is hooked ________ online racing games.
3. Levis wasn’t sure ________ changing his hobbies.
4. This origami folding art is right ________ my street.
5. Julia has found a craft kit to make postcards ________ herself.
6. We shouldn’t be addicted ________ both computer and mobile games.
7. Robert has some CDs ________ pop and folk music.
8. You should spend more time ________ your family.
IV. Choose the best answer to complete the sentences.
1. ________ DIY means you do yourself without the help of experts.
A. Playing B. Doing C. Making D. Taking
2. She loves making ________, such as pottery and carving wood.
A. crafts B. origami C. stamps D. bracelets
3. Melinda ________ hanging out because she is a sociable person.
A. detests B. hates C. dislikes D. fancies
4. Many people like ________ the Internet with their mobile phones.
A. surfing B. blogging C. emailing D. communicating
5. It’s helpful to learn life ________ or a foreign language in free time.
A. tricks B. skills C. kits D. tools
6. Video chatting is among dozens of ways to virtually visit friends and ________.
A. neighbours B. acquaintance C. relatives D. members
7. He doesn’t mind going window ________ in the mall with his friends.
A. having B. selling C. buying D. shopping
8. Samuel is sociable so he can ________ a lot of friends at school.
A. made B. take C. do D. work
9. I usually make a phone call to friends instead of ________.
A. listening B. texting C. reading D. typing
10. This might sound ________, but I enjoy watching rain.
A. satisfied B. exciting C. weird D. reasonable
V. Write the correct form of the word in brackets.
1. My parents don’t like to watch ________ shows on television. (real)
2. Do you feel ________ with your current hobbies? (satisfy)
3. Reading, playing sports, and ________ are popular leisure activities. (socialise)
4. Playing online games may be ________ to both your mind and the body. (harm)
5. My brother often has ________ time when he plays football. (enjoy)

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6. Spending much time in front of the screen can ________ cause eye-tiredness. (easy)
7. Do exercise and you’ll see a continuous ________ in your health. (improve)
8. You should never give your ________ information to strangers. (person)
9. Sometimes they go to local ________ or cultural places for pleasure. (perform)
10. He has never joined any programme in an animal protection ________. (organise)

C. GRAMMAR
I. Fill in the blanks with the -ing form of the verbs from the box.
work learn see do ride help practise lie chat sit

1. They spend hours ________ on the phone to their friends.

2. My brother is interested in ________ a second foreign language.
3. Mr Henderson hates ________ on weekends or holidays.
4. Thank you for signing up to our event and we look forward to ________ you.
5. It’s noisy outside, but I detest ________ in my room all day.
6. Jimmy adores ________ a bike to the countryside and going fishing.
7. He doesn’t mind ________ me to improve my English speaking skills.
8. Every Sunday morning, my father enjoys ________ on the beach and relaxing.
9. Do you like going out with us after ________ your homework?
10. David prefers ________ judo to hanging out with friends.
II. Choose the correct answer.
1. Don’t spend/ spending too much time in front of TV or computer screen.
2. Many people prefer surfing/ surf the Internet to reading books.
3. Doing exercise regularly makes your body become/ to become healthy and fit.
4. They fancy dancing, but they rarely going/go to a discotheque.
5. Will you be able stopping/ to stop checking social media for a month?
6. My uncle doesn’t need to buy/buy modern tools for the gardening.
7. Let’s go to the beach and play/ to play some volleyball games.
8. She enjoys to make/ making crafts, especially birthday and greeting cards.
9. I really want travelling/ to travel to peaceful places and breathe the fresh air.
10. Would you mind help/ helping me with the computer settings?
III. Choose the best answer to complete the sentences.
1. It’s good for you ________ out and play a sport.
A. to going B. to go C. go D. going
2. My parents never let me ________ with strangers.
A. hang out B. hung out C. hanging out D. to hang out
3. Mrs Cohen tried ________ all the housework before going to bed.
A. finishing B. finish C. finishes D. to finish
4. She adores ________ ancient coins and foreign banknotes.
A. to collect B. to collecting C. collecting D. collect
5. The cartoon is funny and it makes me ________ a lot.
A. laughing B. to laugh C. laugh D. laughs

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6. He dislikes ________ disturbed while he is thinking.
A. being B. is C. to be D. be
7. My friend doesn’t mind ________ me whenever I am in need.
A. to help B. helping C. help D. to helping
8. If you want to pass your exams, you’d better ________ your attitude towards studies!
A. to change B. changing C. to changing D. change
9. Susan loves going window shopping and ________ in the street.
A. walking B. walks C. to walk D. walk
10. Johnson used to stay up late and ________ video games.
A. plays B. play C. playing D. to play

IV. Choose the underlined part that needs correcting.

1. Please let me to know what you usually do in your leisure time.
A B C D
2. When the sun is still behind the hill, I adore to cycle in the early mornings.
A B C D
3. Daniel is in good shape because he plays sports and do morning exercise regularly.
A B C D
4. Michael is hook on pop music, so he will go to the concert this Sunday.
A B C D
5. My mother enjoys cooking delicious meals for the whole family in weekends.
A B C D
6. Kelvin must be addicted on the Net - he holds his phone all the time.
A B C D
7. Watching TV too much can make us to feel tired and have a headache.
A B C D
8. Emily don’t mind working as a volunteer for an environmental organisation.
A B C D
9. Don’t be disappointed because you can give up your bad habits and live happy.
A B C D
10. On my opinion, playing computer games is boring and wastes time.
A B C D

D. SPEAKING
I. Put the expressions into the correct column.
How do you feel about that? In my opinion... I agree with you.
Yes, of course. I think that... Not at all.
How about you? That’s so true. No, I’m sorry.
I don’t think so. And you? From my point of view…
Exactly. What do you think? I’m afraid I don’t agree
I believe that...

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 Giving an opinion Asking for an opinion Agreeing Disagreeing

II. Put the sentences in the correct order to make a conversation.

I learnt it from my cousin. This type of paper folding is called origami.
Okay.
Are you kidding?
Exactly. Origami means the art of paper folding, which is often associated with Japanese culture.
A Japanese friend teaches my cousin this art, then she teaches me.
1 Wow! Look at this bird. It’s beautiful.
Now can you teach me to make this?
Yes, I do. The folding lines are very smooth and this paper bird looks quite real. Where did you
learn to fold it?
Thank you, Eric. Do you like it?
Origami? It sounds like a Japanese word.
No, I’m not. I really want to learn. I’ll fold something and give it to my sister as a present.

E. READING
I. Read the passage and choose the best answer.
The most interesting hobby that I have is playing the guitar. I have played guitar for three and a half
years now and I am getting better at it every time I decide to play. Playing guitar keeps me doing
something interesting at home instead of staring at the ceiling all the time. Actually it is a very relaxing
activity. It gives person some time to think and dream.
Guitar or guitars also give my room some personality. When it hangs on my wall it seems like a
piece of art. I have two guitars - one is black acoustic one and the second is a yellow Spanish guitar. The
last one was my first guitar and both of them are Yamaha products. I bought the classical one because it
was required to learn guitar in my school. Since I am interested in blues, jazz and rock music I felt that
I needed a change in my guitar play and that is why I bought the black acoustic one.
I can play many different songs and after 3 years of experience I have learned how to learn the songs
to play them. My favourite songs that I have learned are Led Zeppelin’s Stairway to Heaven and Leonard
Cohen’s Hallelujah. I can also play a bit Sting, Nirvana, Metallica and the Animals.
In the future I want to improve my guitar playing skills and maybe use them in some small band or
I would just like to play with my friends. I would certainly recommend learning guitar. If interest in it
comes, it cannot be put away.
1. The first paragraph is mainly about ________.
A. why playing the guitar is the author’s most interesting hobby
B. the author’s good feelings about playing the guitar
C. how the author chose to play the guitar and the benefits of playing it
D. the author’s hobby of playing the guitar and some of its benefits
2. According to the second paragraph, the author’s first guitar is ________.

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 A. not a Spanish one B. black
C. not an acoustic one D. not a classical one
3. Why did the author buy the acoustic guitar?
A. Because the author likes to play blues, jazz and rock music
B. Because the author was required to learn guitar in school
C. Because the other guitar can’t play classical music
D. Because the author wanted to change his current one
4. What does the phrase “the Animals” in the third paragraph possibly refer to?
A. a song B. a music band
C. some kinds of animals D. none of above
5. We learn from the passage that ________.
A. the author plays the guitar because he usually does nothing in his free time
B. the author has totally four guitars
C. the author can play different songs of different types of music
D. the author will continue to play the guitar in the future
II. Fill in each blank with a word from the box.
practice hands professional carving others arts both enjoyed

Arts and crafts describes a wide variety of activities involving making things with one’s own (1)
________. Arts and crafts is usually a hobby. Some crafts, or art skills, have been practised for centuries,
(2) ________ are more recent inventions. A quote by Apoorva Rathore: Art cannot be taught, it comes
from thinking. But it can be improved by (3) ________.
(4) ________ children and adults enjoy arts and crafts. Children in schools may learn skills such as
woodworking, wood (5) ________, sewing, or making things with all sorts of material. Many
community centres and schools have evening or day classes and workshops where one can learn (6)
________ and craft skills.
Although “crafts” today are usually hobbies (7) ________ by amateurs, the word was used many
centuries ago by (8) ________ people who had a guild system. Young people were learned from a
master-craftsman, i.e. they were “apprenticed”, and they often took many years to learn their skills to
perfection.

F. WRITING
I. Write complete sentences using the cues given.
1. Elizabeth/ enjoy/ listen to/ Vietnamese folk songs’ melodies
____________________________________________________________________________
2. He/ need/ buy/ some tools/ fix/ dog house/ this weekend
____________________________________________________________________________
3. Play/ online games/ have/ both/ positive/ negative effects
____________________________________________________________________________
4. Calvin/ like/ read/ books,/ and/ he/ not/ often/ surf/ Internet
____________________________________________________________________________
5. Why/ not/ you/ turn off/ TV/ go out/ some fresh air?
____________________________________________________________________________

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6. Hobbies/ such as/ play/ sports/ or/ do/ exercise/ be/ good
____________________________________________________________________________
7. I/ not/ mind/ do/ homework,/ but/ I/ not/ like/ have/ lots of it
____________________________________________________________________________
8. Make/ crafts/ help/ me/ improve/ my patience/ carefulness
____________________________________________________________________________
II. Complete the second sentences so that it means the same as the first one.
1. I find collecting birthday cards interesting.
I’m interested in ______________________________________________________________
2. She likes socialising with friends more than watching TV.
She prefers socialising __________________________________________________________
3. Playing video games can affect both your mind and body.
Both your mind and body can ____________________________________________________
4. Please help me with this exercise!
Would you mind ______________________________________________________________ ?
5. If you get too attached to your smartphone, you won’t have time for your family.
Don’t get ____________________________________________________________________
6. Going fishing in the rural areas is really enjoyable.
I really enjoy _________________________________________________________________
7. He was kind of addicted to the Net, but now he isn’t.
He used to ___________________________________________________________________
8. Why don’t we take a break and relax for a while?
Let’s ________________________________________________________________________

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 UNIT 2: LIFE IN THE COUNTRYSIDE
A. PHONETICS
I. Fill in each blank with /bl/ or /cl/ to complete the word.
1. ____anket 6. ____imb 11. pro____em
2. ____imate 7. ____ast 12. ____og
3. ____ow 8. ____othes 13. ____oud
4. ____ay 9. ____ackboard 14. in____ude
5. ____ossom 10. ____assical 15. ta____et
II. Choose a /bl/or /cl/ word from part I to complete each sentence.
1. The workers burned ________ to make bricks.
2. She listens to ________ music for relaxation.
3. Let her ________ out the candles and make a wish.
4. The teacher told us to look at the ________.
5. ________ and weather affect every aspect of our life.
6. An icy ________ of wind is sweeping over the farm.
7. The apricot trees are in full ________ this spring.
8. The kid tried to ________ the ladders, but he couldn’t.
9. I don’t think it will rain as there’s not any dark ________ in the sky.
10. They like to read news on a ________ instead of a traditional paper.

B. VOCABULARY
I. Fill in the blanks with the verbs or phrasal verbs from the box.
ride dry collect load put up pick run around fly feed herd

1. There isn’t really enough wind to ________ a kite today.

2. He and I have a common interest: we both ________ postcards.
3. Go into the garden and ________ some oranges, will you?
4. Sylvie learned to ________ a bike when she was six.
5. My classmate and I ________ the posters on the classroom wall.
6. Jonathan sometimes uses a motorbike to ________ the sheep.
7. The children usually ________ on the playground kicking a ball.
8. Every Sunday she went to the park to ________ the ducks.
9. Porters ________ and unload cargo ships at harbours.
10. Mrs Cohen put all the wet clothes on the line to ________.
II. Choose the correct answer to complete the sentences.
1. We were enjoying a ________ moment by the lake when some campers passed by. (quiet/ noisy)
2. I love the ________ pace of life and pleasant environment in the countryside. (slow/ fast)
3. That ________ island is inhabited only by birds and small animals. (urban/ remote)
4. Eddy feels a moment of ________ happiness when he flies a kite. (normal/ unforgettable)
5. The flowers are ________ and the scenery is magnificent. (colourless/ colourful)
6. It was ________ of him to ride a horse when he was still a child. (brave/ afraid)
7. Peter finds it quite ________ to sit in the room all day doing nothing. (boring/ interesting)

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8. All the grapes are ripening, and the apple trees are ________ with fruit. (light/ heavy)
9. This mountainous area is entirely covered in ________ jungle. (sparse/ dense)
10. He spent a ________ afternoon by the river, reading a novel. (peaceful/ crowded)
III. Choose the best answer to complete the sentences.
1. ________ field is a field planted with rice growing in water.
A. Paddy B. Grass C. Pasture D. Wheat
2. After harvesting rice, the farmers often ________ it in the sunlight.
A. collect B. water C. dry D. pick
3. Have you ever seen people collecting honey from ________?
A. beehives B. beekeepers C. honeymoons D. beeswax
4. The farmers made a lot of stacks of ________ to feed the cattle in winter.
A. vegetables B. food C. seed D. hay
5. ________ products such as milk, cheese and yoghurt are available there.
A. Salty B. Sugary C. Dairy D. Creamy
6. We can talk loudly at my place without ________ others.
A. satisfying B. disturbing C. confusing D. exciting
7. His neighbours helped him ________ a cattle station outside his house.
A. grow B. put up C. load D. herd
8. The farm has a ________ expanse of grassland for us to play football.
A. vast B. short C. limited D. narrow
9. My cousin rode the bike ________ through the narrow soil paths.
A. healthily B. skilfully C. exactly D. hardly
10. They got about 30 million tons of grain at the end of the ________ season.
A. planting B. watering C. fertilising D. harvesting
IV. Write the correct form of the word in brackets.
1. You can get a knowledge of the ________ industry from text books. (farm)
2. I slept very ________ last night - the bed was really comfortable. (sound)
3. Agricultural modernization is the requirement of the ________ of rural areas. (urbanise)
4. His ________ lifestyle may make it difficult for him to establish close friendships. (nomad)
5. The ________ were very hospitable to anyone who passed through. (village)
6. Isabella seems ________ at first, but she’s really very nice. (friend)
7. Camellia’s parents are very liberal and allow her a lot of ________. (free)
8. It was a great ________ to have the doctor living near us. (convenient)
9. The island had no ________ water, electricity, fans, radio or telephone. (run)
10. The child was mentioned in a report on television for his ________. (brave)

C. GRAMMAR
I. Choose the correct answer to complete the sentences.
1. Horses, mountain bikes and feet work ________ on grasslands. (good/ well)
2. Agriculture is still based on ________ methods in some countries. (traditional/ traditionally)
3. The ________ populated provinces present a different economic picture. (dense/ densely)

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4. He is very ________ - he often buys things for other people. (generous/ generously)
5. The village is ________ situated in a quiet spot near the river. (beautiful/ beautifully)
6. Our house is very central, so we can ________ get to theatres and cinemas. (easy/ easily)
7. They have replanted many areas with rare and ________ plants. (unusual/ unusually)
8. She ________ ran down the stairs to greet her cousins. (excited/ excitedly)
9. The Thompson left their homeland and looked for a ________ place to stay. (permanent/ permanently)
10. Some reporters spoke ________ about rural development. (optimistic/ optimistically)
II. Supply the comparative form of the words in brackets. Add “than” where necessary.
1. Average incomes in rural areas are rising ________ those in the city. (slow)
2. The conditions they’re living in are ________ we thought. (bad)
3. Your book looks ________ mine: can I borrow it for some days? (interesting)
4. The evening in the countryside is often ________ that in the city. (peaceful)
5. Many families in the suburbs are ________ the ones you meet in the urban. (happy)
6. With the help of technology we can live ________ ever before. (convenient)
7. Watching football is one of Britain’s top leisure activities, even ________ eating out. (popular)
8. Henderson said that he could run ________ anybody else in the class. (fast)
9. This year’s harvest season seems to come a week ________ usual. (early)
10. All these students are good, but some work ________ others. (hard)
III. Choose the best answer to complete the sentences.
1. This year’s exam was much ________ than last year’s.
A. the harder B. harder C. more hardly D. more hard
2. The growth rate of rice farms is ________ that of corn farms this year.
A. higher more than B. high more than
C. more higher than D. higher than
3. I think living in the city is ________ living in the countryside.
A. more expensive than B. expensive more than
C. as expensive more than D. more than expensive
4. Our house in the town looks ________ than their house in the country.
A. moderner B. more moderner
C. more modern D. modern
5. The development of cities happens ________ than that of the countryside.
A. more rapidly B. much rapidly
C. more rapid D. more rapidly as
6. We could go back to the days when life was ________ it is today.
A. slower than B. slowlier than C. slower D. more slowly
7. I think you’ll find going fishing ________ than playing mobile games.
A. more relaxing much B. much more relaxing
C. more much relaxing D. much relaxing more
8. My parents’ farm is very big, but my uncle’s is even ________.
A. more bigger B. more big C. bigger than D. bigger
9. Doing shopping in the countryside is ________ that in cities.

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 A. the least convenient B. less conveniently than
C. less convenient than D. least conveniently
10. Adding fertilizer to the soil will help the plants to grow ________.
A. more quick B. quicklier C. more quickly D. quickly more
IV. Choose the underlined part that needs correcting.
1. He feels more happily there than in a crowded and noisy city.
A B C D
2. When spring comes, we enjoy to pick flowers on the hill near our house.
A B C D
3. I think nomad life isn’t easy because people have to move very often.
A B C D
4. It’s not always true that living in the city is better than live in the countryside.
A B C D
5. We helped them load the rice onto buffalo-draw carts and transport it home.
A B C D
6. Will you help me putting up a tent when our school goes camping next month?
A B C D
7. Their village had no running water, so they collected water to the stream.
A B C D
8. Kelvin was very kind and he acted more responsible than anyone in the class.
A B C D
9. I lived happily in the farm and there was still more much to explore.
A B C D
10. Which activity do you like most, herding a buffalo or riding a horse?
A B C D

D. SPEAKING
I. Match the sentences.
1. How was your stay in the countryside? a. Yes, they are.
2. Look at the clear blue sky. b. Their harvest time is in December.
3. What did you do during your vacation? c. Why don’t you like it?
4. The apricot tree is in full bloom. d. It was pleasant during the day but a little boring
at night.
5. Are people in the countryside more optimistic e. And its blossoms look lovely in the sun.
than those in the city? f. So villagers can now use electrical appliances.
6. Country life doesn’t excite me at all. g. No, I haven’t. But I’d like to.
7. When is their harvest time? h. What a beautiful sky it is today!
8. Rice is now transported home on trucks. i. Yes, but it used to be put on animal-drawn carts
9. The village has electricity now. in the past.
10. Have you ever ridden a horse? j. Lots of things.

II. Complete the conversation with the sentences from the box.

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 Where did you spend it?
And I took many photos, but they're not here now.
It's peaceful and quiet, isn't it?
My uncle's farm isn't too big but it has many things I like.
Do you want to join me next time?
What did you do there?
I promise I'll invite you when I get there again.
Which activity do you like most?

Lucas: Hi, Minh. How was your vacation? (1) __________________________________

Minh: Hi, Lucas. It was great. I went to my uncle’s farm in the Mekong Delta to pay a visit.
Lucas: (2) __________________________________
Minh: A lot of things. My cousins and I enjoyed going fishing, herding cattle, flying a kite, picking
fruit...
Lucas: Sounds great! (3) __________________________________
Minh: Well, it’s hard to say. Each activity gave me a different feeling. But I like the surroundings
and environment there.
Lucas: (4) __________________________________
Minh: Yes, it is. It’s not so noisy and busy as in the city. Fresh air and vast green fields make me feel
very relaxed. (5) __________________________________
Lucas: What are the things you like about your uncle’s farm?
Minh: Paddy field, fish pond, and fruit orchard... What a beautiful scenery! (6) _________________
__________________________________
Lucas: Wow! I wish I could see it with my own eyes.
Minh: Oh, you can totally do that. (7) _________________________________
Lucas: Yes, I do. I really want to visit some place like your uncle’s farm.
Minh: (8) _________________________________It may be after this school year.
Lucas: Thank you very much. You’re so kind.
Minh: Never mind.

E. READING
I. Read the passage and decide whether the statements are TRUE or FALSE.
When I was young, I used to spend the summer on my grandparents’ farm. I loved those days, so
carefree and enjoyable. There were so many things to do and to see that I was never bored. I would get
up at sunrise and go for a walk around a meadow. I had a dog and together we wandered while the rest
of the world was sleeping.
In the morning my grandmother fed the chickens and other farm animals and my grandfather turned
out the cattle. Then together we went to a field to reap the harvest. We usually worked in the field until
lunchtime but when it was too hot to work I picked currants, raspberries or fruit in the garden or went
for a walk to a nearby forest and looked for birds’ nests. Later in the afternoon I would often go
swimming or fishing in the river. When I felt lazy, I just lay in the sun and watched the birds and animals
again and collect chickens’ eggs. I even learned to milk the cows and I was very proud of myself. My
grandparents had a barn behind the house, and I used to spend the night there. I took my sleeping-bag

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and a torch and slept in hay. That was an unforgettable experience. After such holidays I always returned
to town refreshed and healthy.
Now I do not spend the summer in the country any longer. My grandparents have grown old and
they are not strong enough to work in the fields and look after cows, pigs and hens. I visited them last
year but it was not the same. The village has grown and developed. You can no longer see horses in the
fields but modern agricultural machines. The forest I loved so much has been cut and has lost its natural
beauty.
I miss the good old days and I feel sorry that time goes by so quickly.
1. The author lives in a town and his grandparents live in the country. ________
2. The author enjoyed the activities on his grandparents’ farm. ________
3. In his grandparents’ place, the author used to get up late in the morning. ________
4. The author usually looked for birds after picking fruits in the garden. ________
5. There’s a barn behind the grandparents’ house and the author used to sleep there. ________
6. The author never went swimming in the river, but fishing. ________
7. At current time, the grandparents have grown old, so they do not work in the field. ________
8. Horses and agricultural machines can be found in the fields now. ________
II. Choose the best answer to fill in the blanks.
Today, people all over the world are moving out of small villages in the country to go and live in
big, noisy cities. They are moving from the peaceful mountains, fields and rivers of the countryside to
the busy world of streets, buildings, traffic and (1) ________. This movement from rural areas to urban
areas has been going on for over two hundred years.
In many countries, the main reason why people come to live in towns and cities is work. After one
or two large factories have been built in a town, people come to find work and a better (2) ________,
and soon an industrial area begins to grow. There is usually a residential area nearby where the factory
workers can live. The families of these workers need schools, shops and hospitals, (3) ________ more
people come to live in the area to provide these services - and so a city grows.
A lot of people live in the (4) ________ of the city, far away from the industrial area and the city
centre. Some suburbs are pleasant, with nice houses and parks for children to play, but others are poor,
with old houses and bad conditions.
But what is the future of the big cities? Will they continue to get bigger and bigger? Perhaps yes.
Some major cities have actually become bigger in the last ten years and it is quite possible that one day
we will see people (5) ________ of the countryside and go to bigger towns and cities.
1. A. crowded B. overcrowded C. crowding D. crowds
2. A. living B. life C. live D. alive
3. A. but B. or C. so D. and
4. A. urban B. city centre C. down town D. suburbs
5. A. moving out B. coming C. moving in D. leaving

F. WRITING
I. Write complete comparative sentences with the cues given.
1. His farm/ big/ other farms/ neighbourhood
___________________________________________________________________________
2. Today/ he/ behave/ less/ responsibly/ he/ used to
___________________________________________________________________________

13
3. The problem/ traffic jams/ in/ city/ become/ bad/ ever
___________________________________________________________________________
4. My homework/ be/ all right,/ but/I/ could do/ well/ that
___________________________________________________________________________
5. people/ live/ healthily/ rural areas/ in/ cities?
___________________________________________________________________________?
6. Yesterday/ Thomas/ arrive/ at school/ early/ other students
___________________________________________________________________________
7. I/ can/ fly a kite/ easily/ in/ farm/ many other places
___________________________________________________________________________
8. Our village/ be/ much/ less/ densely populated/ your city
___________________________________________________________________________
II. Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first one.
1. A horse doesn’t plough as well as a buffalo.
A buffalo ___________________________________________________________________
2. The paddy field is so vast and green.
How _______________________________________________________________________ !
3. No flowers on the hill are as colourful as this one.
This is _____________________________________________________________________
4. This is the first time Harry has ever ridden a camel.
Harry has ___________________________________________________________________
5. It was such a beautiful flower farm that lots of tourists came to enjoy it.
The flower farm ______________________________________________________________
6. Brian is better at herding the cattle than William.
William is not _______________________________________________________________
7. City people talk less optimistically about the future than people in rural areas.
People in rural areas __________________________________________________________
8. It’s raining heavily, but he continues collecting rice on the farm.
Despite _____________________________________________________________________

14
 UNIT 3 PEOPLES OF VIET NAM
A. PHONETICS
I. Put the words into the correct column.
space sky guest crisp festivity
discuss transport pasture risky costume
instrumental mask spicy ancestor scout
stilt respond skirt despite schedule
/sk/ /sp/ /st/

I. Underline the words having sound clusters /sk/, /sp/ or /st/.

1. A tourist asked the tour guide where to try the speciality.
2. Xoi is our traditional food which is made from steamed sticky rice.
3. The ethnic people usually wear a basket instead of a backpack.
4. They speak their own language and have their own customs.
5. Most students in this school come from far-away villages.

B. VOCABULARY
I. Unscramble the words.
1. echtin _________________ 5. uuiqen _________________
2. umcost _________________ 6. ekabts _________________
3. esvdrei _________________ 7. walhs _________________
4. cestoum _________________ 8. cypaelisit _________________
II. Fill in each blank with a phrase from the box.

sticky rice stilt houses open-air market folk dance

terraced fields heritage site ethnic minorities communal house

1. ________ are houses raised on piles over the surface of the soil or a body of water.
2. Performed on happy occasions, mua sap is a type of ________ of some ethnic groups in Viet Nam.
3. The Space of Gong Culture in Central Highlands is the World Intangible Cultural _______
4. Made with different colours, this ________ is a beautiful dish of the Tay.
5. You can buy khan pieu at the local ________ which is opened at the weekend.
6. For Bahnar people, ________ is considered as the heart of their village.
7. Geography plays a major part in the cultural practices of many ________.
8. Having no flat land, ethnic people use hillsides to create ________ which look like staircases.
III. Choose the correct answer to complete the sentences.
1. Viet Nam has 54 ethnic communities, with Kinh people making up the ________ of the total
population. (majority/ minority)

15
2. Tourists can find breathtakingly beautiful terraced rice fields in the ________ Vietnam. (Northern/
Southern)
3. Although their musical instrument looks ________, it’s hard for anyone to make one. (complicated/
simple)
4. Many ethnic kids can communicate fluently in body and ________ language but they can’t write.
(spoken/ written)
5. Thai girls often perform mua xoe - their ________ dances in spring festivals. (modern/ traditional)
6. You can’t find terraced fields in the ________ because the land is flat. (highlands/ deltas)
7. Most of Khmer people are farmers, and farming plays an ________ role in their economy. (important/
insignificant)
8. Hunting and gathering are still some ethnic groups’ ________ ways of living. (basic/ developed)
IV. Choose the best answer to complete the sentences.
1. Hmong people’s clothes are ________ with different colours and patterns.
A. special B. elegant C. simple D. diverse
2. The Cham developed their ________ dance that reflects their traditions and culture.
A. folk B. modern C. public D. typical
3. Most ethnic peoples in Viet Nam basically live on ________.
A. cutting wood B. fishing C. rice farming D. hunting
4. For Thai ethnic women, the shawl or khan pieu is an important part of their ________.
A. style B. custom C. fashion D. costume
5. The Odu is not only a ________ ethnic group but also have the smallest number of people.
A. minor B. poor C. modern D. rich
6. Hoa Ban ________ of the Thai is annually held on the fifth day of the second lunar month.
A. Ceremony B. Festival C. Anniversary D. Celebration
7. The Viet have the largest number of people, and 53 others are called ‘ethnic ________
A. cultural groups B. majority groups C. minority peoples D. local peoples
8. Most of the country’s population mainly inhabit in the deltas and ________ cities.
A. secondary B. minor C. distant D. major
9. The Bahnar ________ is a special architecture that holds important events of their community.
A. stilt house B. museum of ethnology
C. communal house D. heritage site
10. The pattern on their dress is ________ because I can’t find it anywhere else.
A. diverse B. unique C. significant D. normal
V. Write the correct form of the word in brackets.
1. The dancers leading the procession were in colourful and elaborate ________. (costume)
2. Mu Cang Chai has drawn the attention of visitors with its striking ________ fields. (terrace)
3. The tourists ________ drank can wine in a jug, using a separate tube for each one. (communal)
4. Based on ________ languages, ethnic minorities in Viet Nam are divided into 8 major groups. (speak)
5. They had some projects to promote Vietnamese cultural ________ through cultural values. (diverse)
6. Despite suffering from modernisation, Bac Ha market still retains its identity and ________. (unique)
7. Sa Pa is not only famous for its natural beauty but also best known for ________. (special)

16
8. Those ________ visited Vietnam Museum of Ethnology and looked for opportunities for cultural
exchange. (ethnology)
9. With their rich traditions, the Hmong contribute ________ to the country’s cultural diversity.
(significant)
10. They’ve made benefits of scientific advances for the growth of poor and ________ areas. (develop)

C. GRAMMAR
I. Write questions for the underlined parts.
1. I want to visit the Museum of Ethnology on the weekend.
___________________________________________________________________________
2. The Muong is famous for their traditional songs and folk dances.
___________________________________________________________________________
3. Hoa people mostly live in Ho Chi Minh City.
___________________________________________________________________________
4. They celebrate Lim Festival with traditional music performances.
___________________________________________________________________________
5. The architect Ha Duc Linh designed the exhibition building of the Museum of Ethnology.
___________________________________________________________________________
6. There are 54 ethnic groups in Viet Nam.
___________________________________________________________________________
7. The Nung has larger population than the Ede.
___________________________________________________________________________
8. The chapi is the Raglai’s musical instrument.
___________________________________________________________________________
9. Those men have to wear traditional ao dai to join in the ceremony.
___________________________________________________________________________
10. Ethnic people in this village always wear their traditional clothes in daily activities.
___________________________________________________________________________
II. Fill in each blank with an article a, an, the, or Ø for no article.
1. ________ oldest man plays ________ important role in ________ Si La village.
2. The Nung’s Lung Tung ceremony is always organized in ________ first month of ________ lunar
year.
3. ________ Dao is ________ ethnic minority group in ________ Northern Viet Nam.
4. Bru-Van Kieu people live in ________ small houses on ________ stilts near rivers or streams.
5. La Chi women have ________ tradition of weaving and ________ indigo dyeing.
6. The Bru-Van Kieu’s folk singing is ________ alternating chant between ________ men and women.
7. ________ year of the Lo Lo’s calendar has 11 months, and each month corresponds to ________
name of ________ animal.
8. San Diu people’s costumes have gradually adopted ________ Kinh style of ________ dress.
9. ________ Tay-Thai Group has ________ rich traditional folklore with all kinds of ________ poems,
songs, dances, and music.
10. Ancestor worship is ________ religious rite of ________ Tay and many Kinh families.

17
III. Choose the best answer to complete the sentences.
1. _________ do the Hmong people raise? - Buffaloes, cows, pigs, and chickens.
A. How many cattle and poultry B. Which cattle and poultry
C. How much cattle and poultry D. What kinds of farming animals
2. Where can we find ethnic minorities’ open-air market? - _________.
A. In the north-west B. The Sedang C. At the weekend D. Once a week
3. The Nung people have _________ abundant wealth of folk arts and cultural activities.
A. the B. an C. a D. Ø
4. _________ are Dao women’s clothes decorated? - With traditional patterns.
A. Which B. Why C. How D. Whose
5. Co Ho people mainly live in Di Linh plateau of _________ Lam Dong province.
A. Ø B. a C. an D. the
6. A typical La Chi house has three apartments and there’s ________ altar in _________ largest
apartment.
A. an - Ø B. the - a C. an - the D. the - the
7. Why do ethnic people in the north-west region build the wheel on a stream? - _________.
A. With bamboo trees B. For a long time
C. Because it’s big D. To move water to their farm
8. Each Xo Dang village has communal house whose roof looks like _________ axe-head.
A. a - the B. the - an C. the - Ø D. a - an
9. _________ is it from the boarding school to the ethnic children’s village?
A. How long B. How far C. How often D. How much
10. The Ta Oi practice a slash-and-burn method of _________ cultivation and grow _________ wet rice.
A. the - the B. Ø - Ø C. the - Ø D. a - a
IV. Choose the underlined word or phrase that needs correcting.
1. Lao men used to have a word and a animal tattooed on their wrist and thighs.
A B C D
2. What costume do you like better, the Hoa’s or the Kinh’s? - The Kinh’s, of course.
A B C D
3. Young Co Ho women plays an active role in marriage and their society.
A B C D
4. Do many ethnic minorities also celebrate Tet holiday as the Kinh people does?
A B C D
5. The main economic activities of Cham are rice farming and pottery making.
A B C D
6. How often do they usually go to Bac Ha open-air market? - Every Sunday.
A B C D
7. That terraced field has been one of the most beautiful terraces in the world, doesn’t it?
A B C D
8. Each Xtieng village is leading by an elderly man who is experienced in the community’s affairs.
A B C D

18
9. Young Khmer people often go to pagodas to study and improving their virtues and knowledge.
A B C D
10. Whose festival is the Ok Om Bok in Tra Vinh province? - It belongs to the Khmer’s.
A B C D
D. SPEAKING
I. Match the sentences.
1. Where is the space of Gong culture? a. Exactly.
2. Thank you for your help. b. On special occasions.
3. Join me for the Vietnamese custom project, will you? c. Never mind.
4. Is it true that Hmong people in Sa Pa speak English well? d. In the Central Highlands.
5. The Ma mainly live in Lam Dong province. e. No, we can’t.
6. Do you know how to make yellow sticky rice? f. Yes, it’s right up my street.
7. When do they wear their traditional clothes? g. That’s interesting!
8. Look at those terraced fields! h. Of course, I will.
9. We’ll see folk dance performances in this festival. i. How beautiful!
10. Can we go to that village by bus? j. I see. How about the Coho?
II. Put the sentences into the correct order to make a conversation.
Exactly. Have you ever been there?
Who is Y Moan?
Is it true that you come from Dak Lak province?
Gongs are traditional musical instrument of the ethnic minorities. They are mainly played in the
provinces of Dak Lak, Dak Nong, Kon Tum, Gia Lai, and Lam Dong. The space of gong culture
in the Central Highlands was recognized as a Masterpiece of the Intangible Heritage of Humanity
by UNESCO in 2005.
OK. I’ll tell you more about them after school time.
1 Ms Xinh! May I ask you a question?
Well, Dak Lak is probably most famous for coffee industry and its distinct ethnic minority groups.
Dak Lak is well-known for gongs and it’s also the hometown of Y Moan.
Y Moan is an Ede singer and musician. He’s very talent and had performances in many countries,
but he loves a normal life at home.
Yes, of course.
No, I haven’t. Could you tell me a little about it?
How about gongs?
That’s awesome! I’d like to know more about the space of gong culture and ethnic minority
peoples.
E. READING
I. Read the passage and answer the questions.
The Hmong people are one of the major ethnic minorities of Vietnam, with a population of about
one million. Like many other ethnic groups, each year, the Hmong celebrates New Year with ritual
practices for the gods and celebrations among themselves.
The Hmong people celebrate their New Year festival following their own calendar. It usually falls
during the eleventh month of the Lunar calendar and lasts for at least fifteen days. However, it does not

19
have an exact date every year. The date of New Year’s Day is revealed some months prior to the
celebration, and the festival is organized rather subtly.
This is the most important festival of the year for them, symbolising the start of something new and
good harvest for the coming year. People from many villages gather together and share their memories
of the last year.
During the festival, there are various traditional musical shows that embody Hmong customs.
Women and girls dress up in traditional costumes, wearing silver necklaces and diadems. Some other
festive activities include tug-of-war and horse racing.
They join with the Vietnamese (Kinh) Lunar New Year about a month later, when all the ethnicities
also celebrate together.
- embody (v): tiêu biểu, biểu trưng - diadem (n): mũ cườm
1. How often do the Hmong people celebrate their own New Year?

2. How do the Hmong people celebrate their New Year?

3. When does the Hmong’s New Year festival take place?

4. Why doesn’t the Hmong’s New Year festival have an exact day every year?

5. How long does the Hmong’s New Year festival last?

6. What does the Hmong’s New Year festival symbolise?

7. Can we watch the Hmong’s traditional musical shows before their New Year festival?

8. According to the passage, which is shorter, a year following the Hmong’s calendar or a year following
the Kinh’s lunar calendar?

II. Choose the best answer to fill in the blank.

Located on a hill, 65 kilometers from Lao Cai city, Bac Ha market is the (1) ________ place to learn
about the life of the Northwest region. The market is divided into areas according to trading (2)
________ such as cloth market, horse market, poultry market, bird market, tool market, etc. Visitors can
find daily necessities and different kinds of cattle and poultry such as buffaloes, chickens, ducks, birds,
and hundreds of horses. Besides, this place is very famous for (3) ________, and the dining area is also
very wide. Each market is rich, (4) ________ and representing local ethnic identity.
Bac Ha market is also a place for cultural exchanges among ethnic groups. People always wear
colourful dresses to go to Bac Ha market because they also see this as a festival. It attracts not only (5)
________ but also domestic and foreign tourists.
1. A. idea B. ideal C. ideas D. idol
2. A. products B. names C. goods D. traditions
3. A. cuisines B. foods C. specialties D. dishes
4. A. complicated B. modern C. diverse D. poor
5. A. villagers B. farmers C. tourists D. local people

20
F. WRITING
I. Write complete questions using the cues given.
1. Where/ Stieng people/ mainly/ live?

2. What/ be/ another name/ Hmong group?

3. How often/ ethnic children/ walk/ their village/ town?

4. Who/ be/ most respected person/ Xo Dang community?

5. Which/ place/ you/ like better,/ Dong Van/ Meo Vac?

6. Whose/ festival/ be/ Kate/ Ninh Thuan province?

7. Why/ groom/ come to live/ his wife’s house/ after the wedding?

8. How many/ stilt houses/ there/ be/ Co Ho village?

II. Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first one.
1. Mountainous regions in northern Viet Nam are home to lots of ethnic minorities.
There are ___________________________________________________________________
2. Let’s ask the guide for more information.
Why don’t we _______________________________________________________________ ?
3. Local people make beautiful traditional shawls.
Beautiful traditional shawls _____________________________________________________
4. No other house in the village is as tall as the communal house.
The communal house is ________________________________________________________
5. The Ma people weave cloth very well.
The Ma people are ____________________________________________________________
6. How high is the mountain?
What’s _____________________________________________________________________ ?
7. The Tay families live simply, but they enjoy their way of life.
Even though_________________________________________________________________
8. How long is it since you saw a folk dance performance?
When ______________________________________________________________________ ?

21
 REVIEW 1
I. Choose the word whose underlined port is pronounced differently from that of the others.
1. A. museum B. music C. custom D. visitor
2. A. basic B. major C. brave D. craft
3. A. costume B. listen C. sticky D. fast
4. A. colour B. city C. ancestor D. circular
5. A. furnished B. terraced C. displayed D. worked
II. Choose the word that has different stress pattern.
1. A. disturb B. collect C. detest D. harvest
2. A. nomadic B. cultural C. generous D. countryside
3. A. generation B. activity C. significant D. ethnology
4. A. minority B. convenient C. literature D. community
5. A. heritage B. occasion C. socialise D. skilfully
III. Fill in each blank with a suitable word.
1. I think carving egg is just ________ up your street.
2. ________ crafts and doing DIY are more exciting than I expected.
3. The Khmer people’s main production activities include growing rice, raising ________ and poultry,
making sugar.
4. About one quarter of Mongolians still live a traditional ________ life in Mongolia.
5. My cousin and I enjoyed ________ a kite on the farm.
6. Do ethnic minorities speak their own ________ ?
7. ________ out this book if you want to learn more about using your iPad.
8. We went to the farm and helped load rice onto buffalo-drawn ________.
9. Is it true that there are 54 ________ groups in our country?
10. Fred is surfing the net all the time - he is ________ to it.
IV. Write the correct form of the word in brackets.
1. My father made me the most ________ kite I’ve ever had. (colour)
2. The Kinh have the largest population, so they are called the ethnic ________ group. (major)
3. ________ fields can be easily found in Northwest Viet Nam. (terrace)
4. Could you share your ________ about your leisure activities? (feel)
5. I feel very ________ whenever I successfully make a craft by myself. (satisfy)
6. Do you know that the Kinh people also have ________ house? (commune)
7. The Yao live mostly in the ________ regions in Northern Viet Nam. (mountain)
8. In the rural areas, hospitals and markets are far-away - it’s ________. (convenience)
9. Buying both books and comics will take all my ________. (save)
10. They are living ________ in the countryside at the current time. (peace)
V. Choose the best answer to complete the sentences.
1. Nowadays, many youngsters spend hours ________ the net on smartphones.
A. texting B. surfing C. emailing D. blogging
2. Instead of living in a cottage on the farm, he lives in a ________ in the city.
A. ger B. tent C. stilt house D. modern flat

22
3. Ethnic people in Northwest provinces often grow rice on ________ in May.
A. terraced fields B. grasslands C. highlands D. pastures
4. Willy ________ playing football and doing exercise, so he looks sporty.
A. dislikes B. hates C. fancies D. detests
5. The little Muong girls I met in the village know many ________ songs by heart.
A. spoken B. folk C. written D. ancient
6. Precious relics displayed at the ________ help students study about ethnic peoples.
A. communal house B. art gallery
C. community centre D. museum of ethnology
7. The Thai grow crops and ________ cattle and poultry for their own use.
A. herd B. harvest C. keep D. raise
8. The rural western regions are generally less ________ than the urbanised east coast areas.
A. simple B. basic C. developed D. complicated
9. The Khmer people in Viet Nam mostly live in the provinces of the ________.
A. Mekong Delta B. Central Highlands
C. Red River Delta D. northern mountainous regions
10. The beauty of this village scenery is ________, and you can’t find it anywhere else.
A. unique B. diverse C. popular D. common
VI. Fill in each blank with a suitable preposition.
1. My brother has been hooked ________ dancing recently.
2. Lots of Hmong boys like playing the game danh quay ________ spring.
3. Thai villages comprise 40 to 50 houses, usually built side ________ side.
4. Last summer I had the pleasure of seeing terraced fields in Sa Pa ________ my own eyes.
5. Many Ede children are studying ________ this boarding school.
6. Would you like to find out more ________ ethnic minority peoples?
7. She wants to become a volunteer ________ the community.
8. The waterwheel is used to get water ________ the fields.
9. Living on vast pastures, nomads see few people ________ the outside world.
10. Those colourful kites look great ________ there in the sky.
VII. Fill in each blank with A, AN, THE or Ø for no article.
1. Any nomadic child can ride ________ horse from ________ early age.
2. Lunar January is ________ time for ________ important festivals in Viet Nam.
3. Sue doesn’t mind doing ________ housework, but she hates doing it all ________ evening.
4. ________ camel can only run at about 12 kilometres ________ hour.
5. Most of ________ ethnic minority groups in our province live in ________ stilt houses.
6. Playing sports is ________ interesting and healthy activity to try in ________ free time.
7. In ________ countryside, children learn to herd ________ cattle when they are small.
8. ________ activities I like to do are reading and socialising with ________ friends.
9. Farming still plays ________ important role in ________ economy of the Khmer.
10. My cousin has never sailed ________ boat in ________ river before.
VIII. Write the correct tense of the verbs in brackets.

23
1. Mong’s women ________ (usually, wear) a basket when going out for work or shopping.
2. Many tourists ________ (enjoy) the Muong’s folk dance performance last Sunday.
3. I can’t fix the dog house because I ________ (not, find) my craft kit yet.
4. Next time you come, I ________ (take) you to my uncle’s farm in the suburb.
5. Hurry up, Jimmy! Everybody ________ (wait) for us outside.
6. ________ (you, visit) the Museum of Cham Sculpture when you were in Da Nang?
7. The village ________ (have) no running water so they have to collect it from the stream.
8. We ________ (see) immense coconut plantations if we visit Ben Tre province.
9. ________ (you, ever visit) a communal house in the Central Highlands?
10. My cousins and I ________ (pick up) fruits in the garden this time next week.
IX. Choose the underlined word or phrase that needs correcting.
1. They enjoy to visit open-air markets where the locals sell home-made products.
A B C D
2. I see that life in the country is more peaceful and slowly than that in the city.
A B C D
3. Who do many Vietnamese families have an altar in their house? - To worship their ancestors.
A B C D
4. Is it true that making banh chung at Tet is an unique tradition of Vietnamese people?
A B C D
5. More than 50% of Vietnam’s rice is grown in the Mekong Delta where is also home to
A B C D
unique ecosystems.
6. The Mekong region is also famous for it floating markets and fruit orchards.
A B C D
7. The Thai girls in their tradition dress presented a Xoe performance, fascinating the tourists.
A B C D
8. Which animal can run the fastest, a horse or a dog? - A horse, of course.
A B C D
9. Would you like trying some specialities such as five-coloured sticky rice and can wine?
A B C D
10. The ethnic minority group mostly living in Binh Phuoc province is Stieng.
A B C D
X. Choose the best answer to complete the sentences.
1. The first time I met Jimmy I knew that he was ________ honest person.
A. Ø B. an C. a D. the
2. Thomas is very kind, and he never minds ________ other classmates.
A. helps B. helping C. to help D. help
3. ________ do you often hang out with? - My best friend in our class, Christina.
A. Whose B. Which C. Who D. Where
4. The view of immense rice paddies makes me ________ relaxed and calm.
A. feel B. to feel C. feeling D. feels

24
5. Fish and rice seem to be the main food of the residents in this area, ________?
A. doesn’t it B. does it C. do they D. don’t they
6. With modern devices, the farmers now work and live ________ than before.
A. less conveniently B. more conveniently
C. less inconvenient D. more inconveniently
7. In my uncle’ farm, I tried collecting honey from beehives but I didn’t swim in ________ river.
A. the - the B. Ø - a C. Ø - the D. the - a
8. ________ can the ethnic boys speak English fluently? - By practising it with tourists every day.
A. Why B. Where C. How D. Who
9. Julia spent the morning ________ for information for her project.
A. to search B. search C. searches D. searching
10. I choose this car as my favourite because it’s ________ all the ones I have driven.
A. the fastest of B. the faster of C. more faster as D. faster
XI. Write questions for the underlined parts.
1. My father taught me how to put up a tent.

2. I last visited my hometown six months ago.

3. We can easily find terraced fields in the northern mountainous regions.

4. I will do a lot of interesting things during the trip to the countryside.

5. No, reading comics is not her favourite hobby.

6. Jessica goes to the gym almost every evening.

7. I’m collecting photos of flowers on the Internet just for fun.

8. I prefer hanging out with friends to staying at home watching TV.

XII. Complete the conversation with the sentences from the box.

Let me see! It's 'Ethnic Fashion Show'.

I found them from the Internet. Which costume have you chosen?
I will send the photos to our team. Sure, I will.
I need them for our project this week. It's difficult to choose one.

Thy: Hello, Hoa. What are you doing?

Hoa: Hello, Thy. I’m editing the photos. (1) _______________________________
Thy: It seems that these photos are all about clothing.
Hoa: You’re right. All of the photos here are about different costumes of some ethnic groups. (2)
______________________________
Thy: Really? What is the name of your project?

25
Hoa: (3) ____________________________ Our team will design a costume based on an ethnic style.
Thy: That’s interesting! (4) ________________________________
Hoa: I haven’t chosen yet. (5) _____________________________ At first I thought the Hoa’s
costume is suitable, but it’s a little colourful.
Thy: (6) __________________________________ What about one of these: the Muong’s, the Tay’s
and the Nung’s?
Hoa: Oh, I know what to do now. (7) __________________________ We will vote for the best one.
Thy: Good idea. You should go ahead with it.
Hoa: (8) ___________________________________
XIII. Read the passage and choose the best answers.
In order to make the best of poor soil, to keep water, and to prevent erosion in mountainous regions,
terraced farming was introduced by various cultures around the world. Terraced farming can not only
help to increase production of food and vegetables for the local people but also feature some of the most
spectacular landscapes in the world.
In Vietnam, terraced fields are located in the northern mountainous provinces. The local ethnic
minority people have established terraced rice fields on steep sides of mountains, where they can grow
rice and vegetables, one after another, from the foot to nearly top of mountains. Generations of these
people have made terraced fields as we see today. People can visit some famous, scenic terraced rice
fields in the northern mountainous areas, such as terraced rice fields in Sa Pa and Mu Cang Chai.
Terraced rice fields in Sa Pa were voted as one of seven most beautiful and impressive terraced rice
fields of Asia by readers of Travel and Leisure magazine.
1. The first paragraph is about the ________ of terraced farming.
A. convenience B. modernness C. development D. usefulness
2. According to the passage, terraced farming can ________.
A. make the soil poor B. only help to grow rice and vegetables
C. prevent erosion D. provide food for the country
3. The word “scenic” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to ________.
A. large B. beautiful C. peaceful D. vast
4. What is the best main topic of the second paragraph?
A. Ethnic minority people and terraced rice fields in Viet Nam
B. Ethnic minority people and terraced fields in Sa Pa and Mu Cang Chai
C. The establishment of terraced rice fields and some famous ones in Viet Nam
D. Terraced fields in the northern mountainous provinces of Viet Nam.
5. Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A. Terraced farming helps to increase production of food.
B. There are terraced fields in Viet Nam only.
C. Terraced farming does not include planting vegetables.
D. Local people grow rice on the top of the mountains.
XIV. Fill in each blank with a word from the box.
personality indoor or entertainment mental spend participating leisure

Years ago, children kept themselves busy with either outdoor games or (1) ________ games after
school. On those days, there was no TV, video games (2) ________ the Internet. It is true that TV and
the Internet are a good source of knowledge, information, and (3) ________. However, these things

26
make children inactive and lazy. Physically, it is harmful if children (4) ________ too much time on TV
or computers.
Therefore, it is advisable for children to have an outdoor or creative hobby in their (5) ________
time. Writing, painting, sketching, clay modelling, singing, and dancing will help them to think new
ideas and it will be a (6) ________ exercise. Any hobby that demands hard work and patience gives
children a feeling of success. Children (7) ________ in sports and games can develop team spirit. Hobby
is not just a time pass but it helps a child’s (8) ________ development.
XV. Write complete sentences using the cues given.
1. British people/ enjoy/ watch/ television/ their free time

2. Harry/ be/ kind of addicted/ Internet/ recently

3. Play/ beach games/ be/ one/ villagers’ leisure activities

4. Joe/ feel/ happier/ in/ countryside/ in/ crowded/ noisy/ city

5. Hobbies/ such as/ play/ sports/ or/ run/ be/ good/ your health

6. Life/ our village/ not/ be/ as fast as/ their neighbourhood

7. When/ summer/ come,/ they/ like/ go hiking/ mountains

8. herd/ cattle/ harder/ do/ household chores?

?
XVI. Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first one.
1. Jenny likes lying on a sofa and relaxing.
Jenny’s interested ____________________________________________________________
2. How beautiful and immense the paddy field is!
The paddy field ______________________________________________________________
3. It’s time for you to prepare everything for the summer vacation now.
You’d better_________________________________________________________________
4. You’ll have to eat healthily to stay slim.
If you want _________________________________________________________________
5. Could you help me to turn off the TV, please?
Would you mind _____________________________________________________________ ?
6. The air is fresh and clean because there are lots of trees here.
There are ___________________________________________________________________
7. In the past the villagers didn’t live as happily as they do now.
The villagers now ____________________________________________________________
8. Why don’t we play a sport or try some outdoor activities?
How about __________________________________________________________________ ?

27
 UNIT 4: OUR CUSTOMS AND TRADITIONS
A. PHONETICS
I. Underline the words having clusters /spr/ or /str/.
1. They opened some pedestrian streets in the urban districts on the festival days.
2. The frustrated instructor tells the student to bring her guide books back.
3. Interrupting other people can’t be strictly avoided in common communication.
4. They discuss the industrial production process of newsprint from dried sugar cane.
5. These fruit’s offspring only spread a limited distance from the original tree.
6. Astronauts want to bring espresso coffee onto the spaceship in a marketing campaign.
7. Her pronunciation is not good, and sometimes she mispronounces ‘stripe’ as ‘strike’.
8. In Sweden, strawberries are a traditional dessert served on St John’s Day.
II. Fill in the blanks with clusters /spr/ or /str/.
1. Villagers built waterwheels to move water from the ________ eam to the fields.
2. Camilla wasn’t drinking but blowing bubbles in her milk with a ________ aw.
3. ________ ing is coming - it is bringing warm temperatures and blooming flowers.
4. Audiences are entering the theatre and the orche ________ a is preparing for the concert.
5. Arrange the cooked fish on a plate and ________ inkle the mixed herbs over the top.
6. Molly was always afraid of eye contacting - she would never look ________ aight at me.
7. It takes about five days or a week for the watermelon seeds to ________ out.
8. Have you ever seen a whale blowing a jet of ________ ay high in the air?

B. VOCABULARY
I. Match the words with their definition.
1. tray a. an accepted way of behaving or doing things in a community
2. tradition b. all the people who were born at about the same time
3. cutlery c. a flat piece of wood, metal or plastic with raised edges, used for carrying or
holding things, especially food
4. host/ hostess d. to have a very good opinion of somebody or something
5. generation e. a belief, principle, or way of acting that people in a particular society have
continued to follow for a long time
f. a small piece of thick carpet or strong material used to cover part of a floor
6. worship
g. knives, forks and spoons, used for eating and serving food
7. custom
h. to show a strong feeling of respect and admiration for God or a god
8. prong
i. a person who invites guests to a meal, a party, etc.
9. mat
j. each of the two or more long pointed parts of a fork
10. respect
II. Fill in each blank with a word in part I.
1. At Tet, people put traditional dishes on the altar to ________ their ancestors.
2. This fork set has a three ________ fork with wider tips for easily picking up oysters.
3. The major items of ________ in Western culture are the knife, fork and spoon.
4. They still follow the ________ of eating moon cake at Mid-Autumn Festival.
5. All guests felt very glad because the ________ greeted them warmly at the door.

28
6. Wherever we visit, we should ________ the local culture, environment and people.
7. It is a long and old ________ that the young look after the old in their family.
8. Is there a ________ gap between parents and their children in your country?
9. When they were talking about the meal, Susan came in with a ________ of drinks.
10. At their meals, they don’t sit around a table but on a ________ on the ground.
III. Choose the best answer to complete the sentences.
1. Parents usually want their ________ to follow the family traditions.
A. ancestors B. offspring C. relatives D. generations
2. My table ________ aren’t as good at home as when I’m at a restaurant.
A. gestures B. behaviours C. manners D. postures
3. We should ________ our customs and traditions wherever we live.
A. respect B. break C. allow D. take
4. Honouring teachers is a ________ that dates back at least a thousand years.
A. custom B. tradition C. regulation D. necessity
5. Do you always use a ________ at your meals? - No, sometimes we sit on chairs.
A. tray B. cutlery C. mat D. pair of chopsticks
6. The most important place in their home is a shrine they used to ________ their ancestors.
A. accept B. pass down C. worship D. follow
7. ________ naming girls after flowers is becoming less common in my place.
A. It’s the custom that B. According to tradition,
C. There is a tradition that D. The custom of
8. It’s necessary to ________ the plates in newspaper to stop them from breaking.
A. wrap B. place C. fold D. get
9. We ________ tradition by travelling abroad instead of celebrating Tet at home.
A. looked to B. passed down C. followed up D. broke with
10. Do you know that people must use ________ when they eat beefsteak?
A. knife and fork B. forks and chopsticks
C. spoons and knife D. knives and chopsticks
IV. Write the correct form of the word in brackets.
1. The custom of ________ ancestors is popular among Vietnamese people. (worship)
2. We have a long tradition of giving ________ money to children during Tet. (luck)
3. The children in their village are always ________ to their elders. (respect)
4. An extended family may consist of three ________ living under one roof. (generation)
5. Dad handed me a big box ________ in gold paper and tied with a red ribbon. (wrap)
6. The ________ smiled and said hello to the guests before starting her speech. (host)
7. When his teacher told his parents about his ________, he felt great shame. (behave)
8. Is bowing an ________ way of greeting in most countries in the world? (accept)
9. When Frank visited his friend’s family, he had a ________ different manner. (polite)
10. There are ________ rules and etiquette around the British tradition of drinking tea. (society)

C. GRAMMAR

29
I. Fill in the blanks with SHOULD or SHOULDN’T.
1. You ________ take your shoes off before entering a house in Japan.
2. You ________ touch someone on the head because it’s disrespectful.
3. You ________ say thank you and use both hands when receiving a gift.
4. You ________ point at someone with your finger.
5. You ________ enter a room without knocking on the door first.
6. You ________ help the old to carry their heavy bags.
7. You ________ wear shorts at temples and pagodas.
8. You ________ respect other cultures and religions.
9. You ________ dress in black on New Year’s Day.
10. You ________ bow your head when greeting an adult.
II. Match the sentences.
1. You shouldn’t tell a lie a. students wear a uniform at school on weekdays.
2. Mrs. Colin can’t go out to work b. but they have to look well-dressed.
3. You mustn’t break the regulation that c. I will have to clean the dishes after having food.
4. If I have a meal at home, d. you should visit famous pagodas in Bangkok
5. You must be on time for the exam, capital.
6. Guests don’t have to wear suits at the e. because she has to stay at home to care for her
ceremony, elderly mother.
7. You shouldn’t call old people’s name solely, f. the new wife has to live in her husband’s family.
g. but you should address their title first, such as
‘Mister’ or ‘Miss’.
8. According to the wedding tradition in their
community, h. they don’t have to wear formal clothes.
9. When they are not working, i. because telling a lie brings you a lot of trouble.
10. If you go to Thailand, j. so you should set an alarm now.

III. Choose the best answer to complete the sentences.

1. We _______ finish the house decoration before the last day of the year.
A. have to B. shouldn’t C. mustn’t D. don’t have to
2. Foreigners who visit Vietnam _______ comply with Vietnamese law.
A. can B. could C. may D. must
3. I _______ receive some lucky money from my grandparents at Tet.
A. should B. must C. might D. have to
4. _______ I have some coffee after dinner, Mum? - No, you can’t.
A. Do B. May C. Will D. Should
5. Bailey _______ wear glasses all the time - she just wears them for reading.
A. has to B. doesn’t have to C. should D. shouldn’t
6. You _______ interrupt other people while they are talking, especially the elderly.
A. mustn’t B. mightn’t C. don’t have to D. couldn’t
7. Huong is a Thai ethnic girl, so she _______ perform the xoe dance easily.
A. has to B. must C. should D. can
8. Robert _______ use chopsticks last time, but now he uses them very well.

30
 A. couldn’t B. shouldn’t C. mustn’t D. didn’t have to
9. We _______ say bad things or think negatively on the New Year’s day.
A. mustn’t B. don’t have to C. shouldn’t D. can’t
10. When Celia first came to live in Vietnam, she _______ learn Vietnamese customs.
A. should B. had to C. must D. could
IV. Choose the underlined word or phrase that needs correcting.
1. I was the first customer when I went into checkout counter, so I mustn’t wait to be served.
A B C D
2. Don’t you understand that you shouldn’t make noise in a place like this? - Sorry, Sir!
A B C D
I didn’t see the prohibition sign.
3. There are several things you should know to understand some of the nuances of Viet
A B C D
Nam culture.
4. She couldn’t decide whether he was telling the truth or not, so she stopped to ask him.
A B C D
5. Foreigners should book the tickets in advance if they travelled in Viet Nam during
A B C D
Tet holiday.
6. The maths teacher gave the student some hints for the questions she could answer.
A B C D
7. When you’re with the elderly people, you shouldn’t bring up inappropriate topics
A B C
such as diseases or death.
D
8. I wondered if Julia mightn’t take a bow when she met my new neighbours, but she might.
A B C D
9. One should give people presents symbolised good lucks to enhance the relationship
A B C
between themselves and others.
D
10. In the public you should avoid doing anything that may embarrass or diminish a person.
A B C D

D. SPEAKING
I. Match the sentences.
1. Do you always use chopsticks and spoons to take food? a. Yes, you should always do that.
2. We have a custom of having a big family meal on b. Do they also visit their friends?
Sundays. c. A different gift on every birthday?
3. Are there differences between customs and traditions? d. We pray for good health and luck.
4.I don’t know Vietnamese etiquette. What should I do? e. Yes. But you can only do that at Tet.

31
 5. What do you usually do at a pagoda? f. Don’t worry! Just follow my
6. They have a tradition of visiting relatives at Tet. directions.
7. How long have you followed that tradition? g. No. Sometimes we use forks.
8. My parents always buy me a gift on my birthday. h. Which meal is it, lunch or dinner?
9. Should I take off my shoes before entering the house? i. Yes, there are some. I think so.
10. The custom of giving lucky money at Tet is great. j. We have followed it for generations.

II. Put the sentences into the correct order to make a conversation.
Really? What have you learned about them so far?
You can see men wearing their ao dai in some festivals, ceremonies, art shows, weddings...
That’s really interesting to know! I should read more about this.
No, I can’t. What is it?
1 Hi, Abigail. What are you doing?
The ao dai is a Vietnamese national costume. Vietnamese women usually wear ao dai on special
occasions. They also wear it at many work places. Girls wear white ao dai in high schools.
What is interesting? I’d like to know if you can tell some facts about it.
That’s true. But there’s one more thing. Can you guess?
In the past, Vietnamese men had to wear men’s ao dai, which is similar to women’s ao dai. Today
they don’t have to wear it in daily activities.
Hi, Duong. I’m reading about Vietnamese customs and traditions.
Well, I’ve just started reading, but I know something interesting about ao dai.
Oh! That’s why I’ve never seen Vietnamese men wearing ao dai. Where and when can I see it?

E. READING
I. Read the passage and do the task.
When mentioning Tet, the children normally think of “Li xi”. Giving each other best wishes and
giving the children “Li xi” have become indispensable parts of Tet. Children are extremely happy and
excited when receiving “Li xi” from adults. “Li xi” or lucky money is a small amount of money put in
a red envelope which is given to children as a token of luck and best wishes. The old also get “Li xi”
from their children with a bless for a new year of health, peace and happiness. It is a common belief that
the money can bring good fortune to the upcoming year.
Traditionally, in the morning of the first day of Lunar New Year, children will visit their
grandparents’ home and give them wishes for good health and long life. It is the chance for the kids
show their respect and gratitude toward previous generations. After that, grandparents will give the
children “Li xi” to welcome their new age. They also wish their grandchildren health, progress in study...
This traditional ritual still remains preserved until today; and “Li xi” tradition has been an
indispensable part of many generations’ childhood. Although the amount of the money is small, the
meaning that lucky money brings is very great. It not only presents the best wishes of the adults for the
kids, but it also demonstrates a succession of generations.
A. Match the words with their definitions.
1. indispensable a. to show or prove something clearly
2. token b. something that represents a feeling, fact, event, etc.
3. ritual c. a number of similar people that exist after each other
4. demonstrate d. too important not to have

32
 5. succession e. something that is done regularly and always in the same way
B. Answer the questions.
1. How do the children feel when receiving “Li xi” from adults?
2. What does “Li xi” given to children at Tet represent?
3. Is it the custom that only children receive lucky money on the first day of Lunar New Year?
4. What will the children wish their grandparents?
5. What does the tradition of giving “Li xi” to children in families prove?
II. Choose the best answer to fill in the blanks.
Table manners are very different in every country. For example, when you are in England you must
not lift your soup plate to your mouth. This is very impolite. But when you are in Japan this is completely
(1) ________. Lifting your plate to your mouth in Japan
is a traditional way of drinking your soup. And also in Japan you don’t have to worry about making
noise when you drink it. It just shows that you really like the food! But it is not the same in Britain so
you (2) ________ make noise when eating there.
In Britain people don’t put their hands or elbows on the table during the meal. But in Mexico, guests
keep their hands on the table all the time. In fact, you should watch what your hands do very carefully.
In Arab countries it is (3) ________ when you eat with your left hand so don’t do it!
In all the cultures it is impolite to speak when you are eating. Also you should leave some food on
your plate because it is considered impolite if you eat everything.
In Ukraine you should not start eating first, you should wait for all the others to start eating with
you. You also have to say ‘please’ and ‘thank you’ every time you ask and (4) ________ something. If
you don’t like some food, don’t make (5) ________ and sounds that show this and don’t say: “Yuk! I
hate that!”
The best way to avoid making mistakes in other countries is to watch the host and try to follow
them.
1. A. usual B. normal C. simple D. regular
2. A. must B. should C. shouldn’t D. don’t have to
3. A. impolite B. important C. unpleasant D. unpopular
4. A. give B. offer C. answer D. get
5. A. noises B. mistakes C. comments D. faces

F. WRITING
I. Write complete sentences using the correct form of SHOULD and HAVE TO.
1. You/ always/ wash your hands/ before meals

2. We/ obey/ regulation of/ place/ we visit

3. You/ take/ things/ adults/ with one hand

4. We/ go to school/ public holidays

5. She/ wait/ airport/ because/ flight was delayed

33
6. We/ be/ honest/ other people,/ especially/ the elderly

7. you/ wear/ glasses/ when/ have/ food and drinks?

?
8. You/ start/ eat/ before/ host/ start/ eat
II. Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first one.
1. It’s not necessary for customers to tip for poor services.
Customers don’t _____________________________________________________________
2. My family traditionally cooks banh chung at Tet holiday.
My family follows a tradition ___________________________________________________
3. Speaking loudly inside a temple or pagoda is impolite.
You shouldn’t _______________________________________________________________
4. It’s mandatory for him to learn to use chopsticks for eating rice.
He must ____________________________________________________________________
5. A British friend has invited me to a Western buffet party.
I __________________________________________________________________________
6. They will probably travel to Japan to experience Japanese lifestyle.
They might _________________________________________________________________
7. Our custom is to take off hats before going into the house.
We have the custom __________________________________________________________
8. You shouldn’t touch another person’s head because it’s disrespectful.
It’s disrespectful for __________________________________________________________

34
 UNIT 5: FESTIVALS IN VIET NAM
A. PHONETICS
I. Capitalize the syllable that is stressed.
1. historian 2. commemoration 3. musician 4. accommodation
5. traditional 6. preservation 7. national 8. celebration
9. librarian 10. procession
II. Choose the word that has different stress pattern.
1. A. display B. worship C. incense D. ancient
2. A. electrician B. companion C. politician D. competition
3. A. festival B. offerings C. performance D. relative
4. A. information B. instrumental C. preparation D. ceremony
5. A. respect B. bamboo C. firework D. include

B. VOCABULARY
I. Fill in each blank with a word from the box.

worship preserve procession pray rituals

clasp incense cheering offerings respect

1. The ________ they prepared for the ceremony include a tray of fruits and a vase of fresh flowers.
2. People ________ their hands together in front when praying in pagodas or temples.
3. Many families in our neighbourhood do not ________ a certain god but their ancestors.
4. It’s not true that visitors are always allowed to burn ________ or candles in a Buddhist pagoda.
5. They want to ________ traditional values of the festival while promoting it to attract visitors.
6. The ________ passed along the street on the first day of the festival, and people came in flocks to see
it.
7. We should ________ for those who are not so fortunate as ourselves - the sick, the old and the needy.
8. Many of intangible heritages are expressed in religious ________, traditional festivals and art forms.
9. When visiting a local village, it is important for tourists to ________ its customs and traditions.
10. The audience began clapping and ________ the moments the dancers appeared on stage.
II. Choose the correct answer to complete the sentences.
1. My parents always celebrate their wedding ________ by going out to dinner. (anniversary/ reunion)
2. There will be some ethnic fashion ________ during the Hoa Ban Festival this year. (ceremonies/
shows)
3. Lighting incense on the altar is a popular practice in most sacred ________. (rituals/ performances)
4. If you visit Hoi An on the 15th day of a lunar month, you might see floating ________ on Hoai river.
(lanterns/ markets)
5. Lots of people comes to the pagoda to pray for good health, ________ and a prosperous new year.
(good fortune/ offerings)
6. At the reunion they greet, ________ hands, exchange news and take photos of each other. (clasp/
shake)
7. One of their traditions is that every family has a live ________ tree at Tet. (kumquat/ coconut)
8. Along the entrance to the festival site, bamboo fences were built with huge bamboo ________.
(swings/ archways)

35
9. Is Kitchen ________ Day celebrated on the 23rd day of the last lunar month? (God/ Hero)
10. ________ rice flakes are flat, light and dry flakes which are a speciality of the Khmer. (Sticky/
Green)
III. Choose the best answer to complete the sentences.
1. The Giong Festival is held every year to commemorate ________ Giong.
A. Ancestor B. Saint C. God D. Hero
2. A group of dancers perform a welcome dance when the ________ arrives at the Cham tower in the
Kate Festival.
A. procession B. commemoration C. celebration D. participation
3. At the ________, fishermen in Quang Nam pray for good fortune in every fishing.
A. Cow Racing Festival B. Le Mat Snake Festival
C. Whale Festival D. Elephant Race Festival
4. The elephant race is the ________ part of the Elephant Race Festival in Don Village.
A. oriental B. ancient C. sporting D. essential
5. For the Khmer people, the ceremony of launching the ________ called Ghe Ngo is a special event.
A. boat B. gong C. lantern D. swing
6. One of the most significant events in Viet Nam, the _______ has become a national holiday since
2007.
A. Mid-Autumn Festival B. Hung King Temple Festival
C. Vietnamese Teachers’ Day D. International Children’s Day
7. The ________ is the first person to enter the home of a household on New Year’s Day.
A. first-comer B. new comer C. first-footer D. first guest
8. Visitors can enjoy the ________ of the most skilled lien anh and lien chi at the Lim Festival.
A. cheering B. singing C. swinging D. wrestling
9. Tug-of-war is among the folk games that attract numerous participants and ________ of supporters.
A. musicians B. racers C. crowds D. riders
10. Artists of Hue royal court music want to ________ and develop its techniques and systems for future
generations.
A. preserve B. perform C. pray D. respect
IV. Write the correct form of the word in brackets.
1. A ________ of alumni has been a regular event in our school since 2012. (reunite)
2. The teachers and students have been specially prepared for the ________ occasion. (festival)
3. A monument was built to remember brave ________ who died for their country. (hero)
4. They set a record by organizing a folk dance ________ with 5,000 participants. (perform)
5. Last Saturday they had a ________ dinner for their wedding anniversary. (celebrate)
6. The Hung King Temple Festival is very ________ since thousands of people come to join in cultural
activities. (crowd)
7. They encouraged all efforts aimed at the ________ of local festivals. (preserve)
8. At Tet, Huong pagoda are usually full of people performing ceremonies and ________. (pray)
9. The audiences showed their approval in the singing contest by ________ loudly. (cheer)
10. ________, our team lost the tug-of-war game in the festival last year. (fortune)

36
C. GRAMMAR
I. Choose the word in brackets to complete compound sentences.
1. The organizer had planned the opening ceremony, ________ it was held later than expected. (but/
however)
2. Tet is the longest holiday in Viet Nam; ________, it is the best occasion in the year for many family
members to reunite. (moreover/ and)
3. We are at least half an hour early for the show, ________ a big crowd has already gathered. (so/ yet)
4. Hoi An has its uniqueness in every corner, ________ it has amazing traditional festivals. (and/ or)
5. This event is about a traditional ritual; ________, the participants must wear traditional clothes.
(nevertheless/ therefore)
6. The music event was held in the school, ________ lots of audience were students. (but/ so)
7. Most students decorated their camp with flowers; ________, we decorated our camp with lanterns.
(moreover/ however)
8. The firework displays are beautiful, ________ they attracts most of children in the town. (so/ but)
9. You should buy the tickets in advance; ________, there might be a riot of people. (otherwise/
moreover)
10. My brother went to the Nha Trang Festival, ________ he stayed there for two days. (or/ and)
II. Fill in the blanks with ALTHOUGH/ EVEN THOUGH, BECAUSE, IF, WHEN, WHILE to
complete complex sentences.
1. Children wait for Full Moon Festival ________ they often get gifts from their parents.
2. ________ visitors join in a tour of the Mekong Delta, they can visit Cai Rang floating market to see
the river life.
3. ________ the ceremony was supposed to be outside, rains moved it inside the building.
4. You will get a great feeling of the celebration ________ you come there during the festive time.
5. ________ some people were praying with sticks of incense, others were making the procession outside
the temple.
6. I was watching the cow race in An Giang Province with my parents ________ you called me.
7. ________ Christmas is a religious practice, non-Christians celebrate it in their cultures.
8. They cancelled the anniversary ________ the deathly virus was infecting over the town.
9. ________ you plan to visit Da Nang or Hoi An, you shouldn’t miss Hoi An Lantern Festival.
10. Participants show their gratitude to the Gods ________ wishing for good health in the new year.
III. Combine sentences using the words in brackets.
1. Chloe likes Huong Pagoda Festival. She dislikes travelling to crowded places. (however)

2. This moon cake is made from meat, egg and dried fruit. It is sweet and good tasting. (so)

3. Mid-Autumn Festival was primarily for children. It now can be enjoyed by adults. (even though)

4. Celia had enjoyed the festival. She recommended it to her friends. (therefore)

5. You consider yourself a culture enthusiast. You shouldn’t miss Hue Arts Festival. (if)

6. Children often parade on the streets. They are singing and carrying colourful lanterns. (while)

37
7. Fred knows most of Vietnamese festivals. He has never enjoyed the Hung King Temple Festival
(although)

8. We visited Hoi An at night. We had an exciting experience by releasing lanterns from a boat. (when)

9. Tet is an important holiday in Viet Nam. It has special features, meanings and priceless traditions.
(because)

10. Hung King Temple Festival does not mark the death of any specific Hung King. It honours the
founders of the nation. (but)

IV. Choose the best answer to complete the sentences.

1. This festival has folk games; _______, there will be crowds of supporters.
A. moreover B. however C. so D. therefore
2. They like Christmas season, _______ we prefer Tet holiday.
A. and B. yet C. but D. while
3. _______ you are a guest at the wedding, you should wear nicely and bring a gift.
A. Because B. If C. When D. Even though
4. They follow lunar calendar, _______ the full moon is usually considered a significant time.
A. therefore B. so C. and D. when
5. _______ the event takes place in various places, its main activities are the same.
A. But B. However C. Although D. Yet
6. During the Whale Festival, the villagers make several offerings _______ praying for successful
fishing.
A. while B. and C. if D. even though
7. _______ the cow racers came close to the finishing line, the cheering became louder.
A. When B. Although C. Because D. While
8. The Hung King Temple Festival began as a local holiday; _______, it has been recognized as a
national holiday since 2007.
A. moreover B. therefore C. otherwise D. however
9. Tet is called Lunar New Year _______ the holiday goes according to the lunar calendar.
A. because B. yet C. therefore D. if
10. They prepare delicious food for the ceremony; _______, the offerings also include other agriculture
products.
A. or B. but C. moreover D. otherwise

V. Choose the word or phrase that needs correcting.

1. In my place people celebrate New Year, Christmas, Valentines; but, there is no Halloween.
A B C D
2. Lots of people come to Huong Pagoda Festival because it’s one of the most famous festival.
A B C D

38
3. Cau Ngu Festival in Hue organized every three years, so visitors have to check the
A B C D
time carefully.
4. While darkness falls, the children carry their lanterns and parade under the full moon.
A B C D
5. The spirit of New Year continues until the Lantern Festival on the 15th day of first
A B C D
lunar month.
6. At the nights of Hue Festival, Perfume River became the scene for incredible arts shows.
A B C D
7. Not only the locals, but also foreign tourists are warm welcomed to join in this special
A B C D
festival.
8. Before and during the Mid-Autumn Festival, one of the joyful activities are lion dance.
A B C D
9. After a year of working hard, the Nung people hold Lung Tung Festival to wish for a
A B C
wealthy new year and to meet each other.
D
10. Tet is coming, and we are going to prepare food and decorating our house to welcome it.
A B C D

D. SPEAKING
I. Write questions for the underlined parts.
1. They often organize a Ghe Ngo race in the Ok Om Bok Festival.

2. I like Hoi An Lantern Festival more than Mid-Autumn Festival.

3. The Hung King Temple Festival takes place on the 10th day of the third lunar month.

4. No, they don’t use a real snake in the Le Mat Snake Festival.

5. The Cow Racing Festival is held in An Giang Province.

6. About ten thousand visitors came to the flower festival last year.

7. Their ritual often begins with an offering of incense.

8. I came to Hue Festival because I wanted to learn about royal court music.

II. Complete the conversation using the sentences from the box.

39
 It's a pleasure.
Is it your traditional holiday that comes after the New Year?
They will go shopping for food, drinks, furniture, clothes, gifts, etc.
It's the time for family reunion.
We will invite you to our place, so you can enjoy Tet with us.
Do you see that the streets are more crowded these days, Phong?
This would be the busiest time in a year.
Maybe I should stay in Viet Nam this time to experience Tet.

Daniel: (1) _____________________________

Phong: Yes, I do. That’s because people are preparing for Tet.
Daniel: Tet? I once heard about it. (2) _____________________________
Phong: Yes. Tet follows the lunar calendar and this year Tet comes sooner than previous years.
Daniel: (3) _____________________________Everybody is in a hurry.
Phong: Yes, they are. There are lots of things for us to do because this is the longest holiday in the
year. Now people have only two weeks left to prepare for Tet. They are trying to finish all
work before enjoying the holiday. (4) _____________________________
Daniel: What do you usually do during Tet?
Phong: We visit our relatives and friends to exchange best wishes. (5) _________________________
Daniel: Sounds lots of fun. (6) _____________________________
Phong: Yes, you should. (7) _____________________________
Daniel: That would be great. Thank you very much.
Phong: (8) _____________________________

E. READING
I. Read the passage and decide whether the statements are TRUE or FALSE.
Mid-Autumn Festival, also called Full Moon Festival, is the holiday that people, especially children,
get excited about weeks in advance. It’s typically on the 15th day of the 8th lunar month, which usually
falls in September or October according to Gregorian calendar.
When Mid-Autumn Festival is around the corner, parents culturally prepare a mooncake feast for
children. The festival is also a special event for family reunions. During the festival, family members
usually gather and make offerings to their ancestors, then delightfully enjoy mooncakes with tea while
admiring the full moon. On this occasion, people also buy mooncakes and tea as a gift to their relatives,
friends, and others.
Apart from having a tasty feast altogether as a family, adults frequently get the nicest lanterns for
their children. When the Mid-Autumn Festival is coming, a lot of funny masks and lanterns with various
shapes are carefully made. The red star-shaped lantern is a symbol of this festival. It is made from
bamboo sticks and coloured-transparent papers, both of which are cheap materials so that anyone can
afford to have one. The image of the children holding a star-shaped lantern and having fun with friends
in the festival is still the own identity of Vietnamese Mid-Autumn Festival that cannot be found
anywhere else.
1. The Mid-Autumn Festival is held on the 15th day of September or October. ________
2. Children look forward to the Mid-Autumn Festival weeks in advance. ________
3. The mooncake feast is only for children during the festival time. ________

40
4. We can show our love to others by giving them a mooncake in the festival. ________
5. Adults always make the nicest lanterns for their children when the festival comes. ________
6. There are a lot of funny masks and lanterns, but parents can only buy the red star-shaped lanterns.
________
7. The red star-shaped lanterns are cheap, so everyone can get one. ________
8. The Mid-Autumn Festival in Viet Nam has changed its identity as a children’s festival. ________
II. Fill in each blank with a word from the box.
coming folk burned lunar offerings preparations altar ends

Vietnamese families prepare their homes for the (1) ________ of the prosperous New Year with
thorough cleaning and decoration. (2) ________ begin about ten days before the New Year. It is during
this time that the Vietnamese believe Ong Tao comes in to serve as the Kitchen God. As the old year (3)
________, it is believed that he discusses the family’s situation with the Jade Emperor, the King of
Heaven.
Traditionally, Ong Tao returns to heaven on the 23rd day of the 12th month by (4) ________
calendar. His departure is marked by a modest ceremony where (5) ________ such as clothing, shoes,
paper money are (6) ________ to help on his journey to Heaven. Due to his status in Vietnamese culture,
Ong Tao is a prominent character in many (7) ________ plays. He is considered a messenger from
heaven, so often writers will depict the living conditions, problems, and solutions that need to be
addressed by a family in their work. Ong Tao is regarded as a family member, and various prayers and
offerings are brought to him at the family (8) ________.

F. WRITING
I. Write complete sentences using the cues given.
1. Because/ they/ couldn’t buy/ tickets/ show,/ they/ watched/ it/ TV

2. Elephant Race Festival/ hold/ forests/ near/ Serepok River, Dak Lak Province

3. When/ racing cows/ come/ close/ finish line,/ crowds/ cheer/ loudly

4. Although/ Tien Dung/ be/ daughter of/ 18th Hung King,/ she/ marry/ poor man

5. I/ enjoy/ hike/ mountains/ and/ explore/ caves/ during/ Buddhist Festival

6. She/ really/ want/ go/ Huong Pagoda/ and/ travel/ along/ Yen Stream/ boat

7. People/ often/ clasp/ their hands/ while/ they/ pray/ in front of/ Buddha

8. How different/ be/ Saint Giong/ other heroes/ Viet Nam?

II. Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first one.
1. If you miss the Lim Festival, you won’t enjoy the real quan ho singing.
Don’t ______________________________________________________________________
2. The Mother Pagoda is on the high mountain, but I want to climb up.

41
 Although ___________________________________________________________________
3. People usually prepare for Tet holiday a month in advance.
Tet holiday__________________________________________________________________
4. On seeing the procession, they started to take some photos.
When they __________________________________________________________________
5. The fastest way to the temple is travelling by cable car.
There is no __________________________________________________________________
6. The reason why Bella joined the festival was that she had a project on it.
Bella joined _________________________________________________________________
7. Even though he made great efforts, he failed to win the race.
In spite _____________________________________________________________________
8. Coming to crowded and noisy places always makes my sister excited.
My sister’s always ____________________________________________________________

42
 UNIT 6: FOLK TALES
A. PHONETICS
I. Reorder the words to make exclamatory sentences. Decide whether the intonation for the
sentences is falling () or rising ().
1. a/ princess/ What/ is/ beautiful/ she
!
2. are/ they/ brave/ knights/ What
!
3. nice/ time/ we/ had/ have/ today/ What
!
4. it/ is/ What/ ogre/ fierce/ a
!
5. is/ prince/ a/ handsome/ he/ What
!
6. wearing/ What/ a/ beautiful/ hat/ is/ she
!
7. What/ is/ a/ he/ man/ generous
!
8. an/ it/ What/ fairy/ tale/ interesting/ is
!
II. Change the following sentences into exclamatory sentences.
1. It’s a very funny story.
!
2. The story has a happy ending.
!
3. It was a wonderful day.
!
4. She is really a pretty girl.
!
5. She has attractive eyes.
!
6. He is a clever student.
!
7. She is wearing a nice skirt.
!
8. They are intelligent boys.
!

B. VOCABULARY
I. Put the words into the correct columns.

43
cheerful, fairy, cruel, giant, witch, generous, kind, emperor, knight, prince, brave, fierce, woodcutter,
Buddha, cunning, wicked, princess, mean, greedy, dragon, wolf, evil, honest, hare, tortoise, grateful,
ogre, eagle, kind, crow, loyal
Characters Personality

II. Put the titles into the correct categories.

Sleeping Beauty, The Legend of Robin Hood, Chung Cakes Day Cakes, The Princess and the Dragon,
Little Red Riding Hood, The Tortoise and the Hare, Saint Giong, Alice in Wonderland, Cinderella, The
Starfruit Tree, Lac Long Quan and Au Co
- Fairy tale: ____________________________________________________________________
- Legend: _____________________________________________________________________
- Fable: _______________________________________________________________________
- Folk tale: ____________________________________________________________________
III. Fill in each blank with a word from the box.

fortune scream starfruit swallowed

ripe repay granny load servants filled

1. The woodcutter lived on cutting wood in the jungle, so the axe was a ________ to him.
2. The ________ tree story teaches kids to be honest, hard-working, and help other people.
3. You should pick the fruits before they get too ________ and fall from the trees soon after that.
4. The mouse said to the lion, “If you would only spare my life, I would be sure to ________ your
kindness.”
5. Folk tales of Britain and Ireland are ________ with fascinating tales of magic and fantasy.
6. One day, a merchant was putting a heavy ________ on his donkey’s back and said, “Oh, God is very
thoughtful to send me this donkey.”
7. How did Little Red Riding Hood escape from the wolf’s stomach and what happened to her ________
in the folk tale?
8. My story is about a woman who mourns the loss of her husband after he is ________ by a whale.
9. You’ll laugh, you’ll cry, and you might even ________ after viewing this film which is based on a
fairy tale.
10. Michel wished for a magnificent castle with the best ________ as in some folk tales she had read.
IV. Choose the best answer to complete the sentences.
1. My favourite is the ________ of the race between the tortoise and the hare.
A. folk tale B. legend C. fairy tale D. fable
2. Beast and birds and other ________ often talk like men in real fairy stories.
A. plants B. creatures C. animals D. human beings
3. It was ________ of you to speak in front of all those people.

44
 A. cheerful B. brave C. honest D. kind
4. After defeating the enemy, he ________ to heaven and became a saint.
A. rode B. ran C. flew D. spun
5. There once was a hare who was always ________ about how fast he could run.
A. screaming B. showing off C. meaning D. boasting
6. She is very ________ - she often buys things for other people.
A. generous B. thoughtful C. clever D. handsome
7. After hearing the story, he offered to ________ his fortune for the starfruit tree.
A. pass B. fill C. swap D. repay
8. The Princess wandered through the castle, came into a room where an old servant was ________.
A. sewing B. spinning C. cradling D. singing
9. As the whale is the largest animal in the world, a man and even a considerable boat can be ________
whole.
A. swallowed B. captured C. loaded D. blown
10. Someone who is ________ is clever and good at deceiving people in order to get what they want.
A. kind B. wicked C. fierce D. cunning
V. Write the correct form of the word in brackets.
1. Folk tales often contain ________ characters such as dragons, witches and monsters. (imagine)
2. There are different types of fairies, each with their unique ________, talent, and style. (person)
3. Angels, dragons and ________ are generally shown with wings, often those of butterflies. (fairy)
4. Robin Hood is a ________ heroic outlaw that is depicted in English folklore. (legend)
5. Myths and legends are popular stories which were ________ shared in spoken form. (origin)
6. Fairy godmother brought gifts to the princess, such as ________, but a wicked fairy cast a spell on
her. (beautiful)
7. There are a lot of folk tales around the world encouraging kindness and ________. (generous)
8. I’ve learned from the story that we should help those who are less ________. (fortune)
9. At the end of the story, the hero and the princess got ________, and lived happily ever after. (marry)
10. A man of ________ usually overcomes huge obstacles to survive or to rescue others. (brave)

C. GRAMMAR
I. Supply the correct form of the verbs in the post simple.
There was once a prince who was determined to only marry a princess. Though he (1. travel) ________
far and wide to seek eligible princesses, he could never make out if they were real princesses or just
saying so. One stormy night, he and his mother (2. be) ________ at home, when they (3. hear) ________
a knock on the door. The prince (4. open) ________ the door, and there (5. stand) ________ a girl,
drenched, asking to seek shelter. His mother (6. decide) ________ to test if she was indeed a princess.
She (7. keep) ________ a pea under 10 mattresses, asking the princess to sleep there. The next morning,
the princess (8. wake up) ________ complaining that the mattresses had been uncomfortable and she
couldn’t sleep all night. Instantly, they (9. know) ________ this girl was indeed a princess, for how else
would she have been so sensitive to feel the pea under the mattresses? Hence, the prince and princess
(10. get) ________ married and lived happily ever after.
II. Supply the correct form of the verbs in the past continuous.
1. The tortoises ________ (rest) under a tree on which a bird had built its nest.

45
2. It was the princess who ________ (stand) out there in front of the gate.
3. In her sleep she dreamt that a green dragon ________ (fly) in the sky.
4. The sun ________ (shine) warmly two hours ago, but now it has dulled over.
5. At lunchtime we ________ (not, have) the meal but talking about our holidays.
6. ________ (you, listen) to music in your room while everybody was outside?
7. We ________ (study) yesterday evening when he walked in and asked for help.
8. Adam ________ (walk) by a road when he heard a cat meowing nearby.
9. This time last year they ________ (care) for injured animals in their garden.
10. ________ (she, have) breakfast in the kitchen when you arrived?
III. Supply the correct form of the verbs in the past simple or the past continuous.
1. One summer afternoon a wild dog ________ (wander) here and there in search of a place to rest.
2. A raven ________ (look) for something to eat when she ________ (find) a piece of cheese by a
window.
3. One morning, the fox ________ (go) around in the forest - he ________ (hunt) for food.
4. Seeing a large dog coming, my cat ________ (run) away and ________ (hide) behind my back.
5. A man ________ (sit) under a tree, suddenly he ________ (hear) something making a big noise.
6. The lion ________ (wake up) because he ________ (feel) like someone jumping on his back.
7. There ________ (once, be) a large forest near a small village where a pack of wolves ________ (live).
8. All animals in the forest ________ (be) frightened when they ________ (see) the fox and the tiger.
9. The tortoise ________ (crawl) steadily and passed the place where the hare ________ (sleep).
10. For a very long time, this mountain ________ (stand) still, but one morning, it ________ (make) a
big groan.
IV. Choose the best answer to complete the sentences.
1. Once upon a time there ________ a prince who ________ to marry a princess.
A. were - wants B. was - was wanting C. was - wanted D. were - wanted
2. When the prince ________ Cinderella at the party, she ________ a beautiful gown.
A. met - wore B. was meeting - was wearing
C. was meeting - wore D. met - was wearing
3. There ________ once a queen who ________ no children, and it grieved her sorely.
A. was - had B. were - have had
C. was - had had D. were - was having
4. He ________ his eyes, and saw an eagle ________ in the sky.
A. suddenly opened - flying B. opened suddenly - flying
C. suddenly opened - flew D. opened suddenly - flew
5. One day, the king _______ to throw a ball and lots of maidens in the kingdom _______.
A. had decided - were inviting B. decided - were inviting
C. has decided - invited D. decided - were invited
6. Before Snow White ________, her mother ________ after giving birth to Snow White.
A. was growing up - had died B. grew up - had died
C. grew up - died D. had grown up - died
7. A family of Ants ________ in the sunshine when a Grasshopper ________.
A. bustled - was coming up B. were bustling - was coming up

46
 C. were bustling - came up D. bustled - came up
8. Once upon a time, a farmer ________ a goose that ________ a golden egg every day.
A. has - lays B. had - laid C. has - is laying D. had - was laying
9. The prince came to the tower and ________ to the room where the princess ________.
A. walked - was sleeping B. was walking - slept
C. was walking - was sleeping D. walked - slept
10. The sun ________ and the birds ________ as the elephant came out of the jungle.
A. shined - sang B. was shining - sang
C. shined - were singing D. was shining - were singing
V. Choose the word or phrase that needs correcting.
1. Hans Christian Andersen, born in Denmark in 1805, written famous adventure fairy tales.
A B C D
2. Although he wrote a broad range of work, his fairy tales became cultural iconic in the
A B C
Western world.
D
3. Once upon the time there was a dear little girl who was loved by everyone who looked at her.
A B C D
4. She was called Little Red Riding Hood because she often wears a little cap of red velvet.
A B C D
5. The boy wondered whether the tin soldier could stand still as the other ones although
A B C
he had only one leg.
D
6. In the last few decades, there were several examples of animated feature films presenting
A B C
mythological themes.
D
7. There once lived in a town of Persia two brothers, one named Cassim and the others
A B C D
Ali Baba.
8. While Rapunzel hugged the Prince, her tears of happiness fell into his eyes, making
A B C
them brighten again.
D
9. Seeing the land and its creatures walking, the Little Mermaid wishes she can also run
A B C
and jump on the ground.
D
10. The piper was surprised that the mayor only handed out one gold coin instead of
A B

47
 one thousand gold coins as he promised.
C D

D. SPEAKING
I. Put the parts of the fable in order.
The man in the tree climbed down.
The other, unable to fight the savage beast alone, threw himself on the ground and lay still, as if
he were dead. He had heard that a bear will not touch a dead body.
Misfortune is the test of true friendship.
One of the men, thinking of his own safety, climbed a tree.
“It looked just as if that bear whispered in your ear,” he said. “What did he tell you?”
“He said,” answered the other, “that it was not at all wise to keep company with a fellow who
would desert his friend in a moment of danger.”
1 Two men were traveling in company through a forest, when, all at once, a huge bear crashed out
of the brush near them.
It must have been true, for the bear snuffed at the man’s head awhile, and then, seeming to be
satisfied that he was dead, walked away.
II. Match the sentences.
1. What a lovely dress you are wearing! a. The Hare and the Tortoise.
2. I saw you at the bookstore this morning. b. What evil it is!
3. What kind of book are you looking for? c. Really? Why didn’t you call me then?
4. Have you found any folk tales for your project d. Thanks a lot.
yet? e. Yes, I’ve found some. I’ll choose one of them
5. Do you know much about fables? f. It’s a folk tale - Chung Cakes Day Cakes.
6. Who are the main characters in your story? g. Do you mean the cartoon on TV?
7. This ogre always wants to hurt people. h. Not much, but I can tell you some stories
8. I like Shrek a lot. He looks cruel but kind. i. Well, I think the most different thing is that a
9. I often fell asleep when my mum told a story. legend is about a real person or event.
10. Do you know the differences between a j. Really? I guess she often told it at bedtime.
legend and a fairy tale?

E. READING
I. Read the text and answer the questions.
Once upon a time, a peasant was working in his rice field with his water buffalo when a tiger came
up to the water buffalo and said, “I just want to ask you something. Why do you have to work for that
little man? Is he powerful?”
The water buffalo replied, “I don’t know. It is said that he has some power called intelligence.”
When the tiger asked the peasant, he said that, “I am sorry. I have left my intelligence at home. Nobody
ever brings it along with him when working in the field. Besides, I have so little of it for myself that I
cannot give any of it to you.”
When the tiger insisted seeing his intelligence, the peasant said he would go and get his intelligence
from the village, but he wanted to prevent the tiger from eating his buffalo so he would have to tie up
the tiger to a tree. The tiger agreed to that suggestion.

48
 The peasant went to the village and returned with bundles of straw, which he piled around the tiger
and set fire.
“There, it is my intelligence,” shouted the peasant as the tiger shouted and roared in pain.
The water buffalo laughed so much at the sight that he whacked his head against a rock and broke
off all of his teeth. Water buffaloes have never had upper teeth since that day. The burns that the tiger
got made stripes on the tiger skin. That is why tigers have stripes on skin.
1. Which kind of story is it, a folk tale or a fable?

2. Who are the main characters in the story?

3. What is ‘intelligence’ according to the buffalo?

4. Why did the tiger agree to be tied up to a tree?

5. Did the peasant bring with him the intelligence after returning from the village?

6. What happened to the buffalo when the tiger was burnt?

7. Why do tigers have stripes on skin according to the story?

8. Did the peasant actually leave his intelligence at home, as we learn from the story?

II. Fill in each blank with a word from the box.

and told passed minds feel ideas places imagination adults reading

Stories, especially folk tales, give ways for people to see, (1) ________ and understand life from
many different perspectives, both personal and cultural. Because many of these stories have been (2)
________ down from one generation to the next, they can offer a kind of collective wisdom that has
been shared by many people in different times and (3) ________, so all get to learn from each other.
Sometimes, a folk tale may be puzzling. Then, we may want to know more about the people who (4)
________ this story. Where did those (5) ________ and images come from? So stories really help us
know the world. Sometimes, (6) ________ told stories like Older Brother, Younger Brother: a folk tale
from Korea, or Sing Little Sack: a folk tale from Puerto Rico, (7) ________ children listening will say:
“My grandmother told me that story!” or “I didn’t know people from that country had such interesting
stories!” Either way, these stories help us connect to each other, and of course, stories can open up the
(8) ________ so that, even without TV, movies or video, our own minds can create the picture and
feelings. This might be the greatest gift that (9) ________ and listening to stories can give to people,
both children and adults, in all different languages, the gift of our own (10) ________.
F. WRITING
I. Write complete sentences using the cues given.
1. What/ kind character/ the young brother/ have!

2. There/ be/ once/ woodcutter/ who/ have/ a wife/ two children

49
3. wise person/ be/ always/ intelligent/ give/ good advice

4. What/ you/ do/ nine o’clock/ yesterday evening?

5. Once upon/ time,/ widow/ have/ only son/ whose name/ be/ Aladdin

6. He/ walk/ along the street/ when/ he/ suddenly/ heard/ shout/ behind him

7. prince/ marry/ princess/ and/ they/ live/ happily/ ever after

8. You/ watch/ cartoon/ this time/ last night,/ weren’t you?

II. Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first one.
1. The Adventures of Robin Hood is an interesting legend.
What ______________________________________________________________________ !
2. The wolf in Little Red Riding Hood is cunning and wicked.
There is ____________________________________________________________________
3. They have intentionally made many filmed fairy tales for both children and adults.
Many filmed fairy tales ________________________________________________________
4. Legend said Thanh Giong flew to heaven after defeating the enemy.
According __________________________________________________________________
5. She spent the whole afternoon reading Alice in Wonderland.
It took _____________________________________________________________________
6. I was reading a book when suddenly I heard a loud noise.
While ______________________________________________________________________
7. In spite of having a fortune, the elder brother wanted more gold.
Although ___________________________________________________________________
8. The princess was saved, so the king was very happy.
The king____________________________________________________________________

50
 REVIEW 2
I. Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the others.
1. A. hero B. hare C. host D. whale
2. A. witch B. kind C. knight D. fly
3. A. celebration B. occasion C. tradition D. procession
4. A. compete B. legend C. celebrate D. commemorate
5. A. passed B. watched C. agreed D. worshipped
II. Choose the word that has different stress pattern.
1. A. princess B. appear C. tortoise D. regret
2. A. character B. elephant C. performance D. offering
3. A. traditional B. competition C. participate D. companion
4. A. ritual B. emperor C. generous D. musician
5. A. defeat B. evil C. giant D. fairy
III. Fill in each blank with a suitable word.
1. ________ upon a time, there was a rich man living in a village.
2. I phoned you around 7.30 pm last night, ________ there was no reply.
3. There is a tradition in her school ________ girls wear ao dai on weekdays.
4. You shouldn’t ________ shorts when going to pagodas and temples.
5. To welcome Tet, we prepare a five-fruit ________ and make jam and chung cake.
6. ________ to tradition, the first person to step into your house in the New Year should be a man.
7. Lac Long Quan and Au Co is one of the most popular Vietnamese ________.
8. People cheered to encourage the elephants ________ they were racing.
9. The prince and the princess got married and lived happily ever ________.
10. I like Tet holiday, so I always look ________ to it at year-end time.
IV. Write the correct form of the word in brackets.
1. With ________ hands, he stepped to the altar and started the ceremony. (clasp)
2. Hung King Temple Festival is held in ________ of Kinh Duong Vuong, who became Vietnam’s first
king. (commemorate)
3. We should encourage efforts aimed at the ________ of customs and traditions. (preserve)
4. Is it true that Robin Hood in English folklore was a ________ character? (legend)
5. The crowds are standing and ________ for the race with gongs and drums. (cheer)
6. Some 10,000 ________ are expected to attend the two-week festival this year. (participate)
7. The custom of ________ ancestors is prevalent among Vietnamese people. (worship)
8. Although the main characters in the story are so true to life, they are ________. (imagine)
9. She is always pleased to prepare a ________ meal for any special occasion. (celebrate)
10. They should never treat the elderly in a ________ way like that. (respect)
V. Choose the best answer to complete the sentences.
1. The waiters arranged silver ________, crystal glasses, white napkins, all in order.
A. cutlery B. mat C. table D. tray
2. Oliver is always ________ - his funny jokes make us smile and forget our tiredness.
A. cruel B. brave C. cheerful D. kind

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3. They built a new theatre to ________ the birth of the great musician.
A. commemorate B. respect C. worship D. pray
4. The ________ godmother’s magic charm turned Cinderella’s rags into a beautiful gown.
A. magician B. witch C. mermaid D. fairy
5. A fable is a traditional, ________ short story that teaches a moral lesson, typically using animal
characters.
A. magical B. legendary C. imaginary D. ethnic
6. There are several ________ like swinging and wrestling in Lim Festival.
A. folk games B. sporting activities C. cheering crowds D. long processions
7. Instead of leaving money to his children, he left his entire ________ to charity.
A. fortune B. heritage C. ritual D. custom
8. The fisherman in the story is a kind man with a frank and ________ heart.
A. wicked B. honest C. mean D. fierce
9. When he put the golden fish back into the sea, the fish wanted to ________ his kindness.
A. reunite B. repay C. rescue D. return
10. “The Wolf and the Fox” involves a ________ and gluttonous wolf living with a fox.
A. joyful B. generous C. brave D. greedy
VI. Fill in each blank with a suitable preposition.
1. We sent them congratulations and gifts ________ their 30th wedding anniversary.
2. Freddy looked happy walking ________ the procession with lots of colourful lanterns.
3. ________ the reunion he met a friend that he hadn’t seen for eleven years.
4. Dinner is the best moment ________ people in my family to stay together.
5. When you receive something ________ someone who is older, you should use two hands.
6. Snow White is very kind ________ the seven dwarfs and animals in the forest.
7. Do you remember the date ________ your parents’ wedding anniversary?
8. Visitors from all ________ the country came to join the Hung King Temple Festival.
9. In Vietnam’s traditional society, a typical family has three or four generations living ________ the
same roof.
10. You should never eat or drink ________ one hand on your hip.
VII. Write the correct tense or form of the verbs in brackets.
1. Akiko ________ (have to) wear traditional clothes for formal occasions in Japan.
2. Jack was very surprised when he first ________ (enjoy) Vietnamese Tet holiday.
3. We ________ (probably, miss) the opening ceremony if we don’t start to go now.
4. I ________ (never, see) an elephant race, so I won’t miss it next time.
5. There was once a queen who ________ (have) no children, and it grieved her sorely.
6. One afternoon the queen ________ (sew) by the window when she hurt her finger.
7. He ________ (not, have to) buy tickets to the music show because it’s free.
8. On Parents’ Appreciation Day, many people ________ (wear) a rose when going to pagodas.
9. They broke with tradition by ________ (get) married without inviting relatives.
10. You must follow their regulations, or they ________ (not, allow) you to play the game.

VIII. Choose the word or phrase that needs correcting.

52
1. The traditions of a nation is important as they are pillars of its culture.
A B C D
2. You mustn’t worry about the traffic jams - we won’t travel in rush hours.
A B C D
3. Fairy tales, myths, legends, and fable may seem the same, but they are profoundly different.
A B C D
4. Colourful floated lanterns on a river in the ancient town of Hoi An attract lots of visitors.
A B C D
5. Elephant race is interesting, but audiences shouldn’t never stay too close to the elephants.
A B C D
6. The godmother said that Cinderella had to leave the ball and coming home by midnight.
A B C D
7. She was dancing with the prince so happily that she almost forgets the godmother’s warning.
A B C D
8. Most folk tales have a happy ending, therefore both adults and children like to read them.
A B C D
9. Do your parents prepare a five-fruits tray and make jam and chung cakes to welcome Tet?
A B C D
10. It’s a tradition for Buddhism followers to burn incense while they pray in the pagoda.
A B C D
IX. Choose the best answer to complete the sentences.
1. Though reading is good, you _______ read a storybook in a maths class.
A. should B. shouldn’t C. could D. couldn’t
2. Around 7.00 pm last night Julia _______ a folk tale book in her room.
A. read B. is reading C. was reading D. reads
3. Tourists enjoyed the Do Son Buffalo Festival; _______, some of them found it cruel.
A. and B. however C. yet D. moreover
4. The festival was cancelled due to the virus outbreak and we _______ stay at home.
A. should B. could C. might D. had to
5. Britain has a tradition of having afternoon tea, _______ Brian doesn’t like tea.
A. while B. therefore C. nevertheless D. but
6. In the past, both Vietnamese men and women _______ ao dai in daily activities, but nowadays only
women _______ it.
A. worn - wear B. wear - are wearing
C. were wearing - wear D. worn - are wearing
7. Were you able to sit through the ceremony, or _______ stand?
A. you must B. you had to C. did you have to D. do you
8. _______ Thomas likes bamboo swings, he thinks it is a little dangerous for kids.
A. Despite B. Because C. Although D. In spite of
9. Shhh! You _______ talk loudly like that because your sister is sleeping.
A. should B. mustn’t C. don’t have to D. don’t need to

53
10. When I _______ Jodie this morning, she _______ breakfast.
A. phoned - was having B. was phoning - had
C. phoned - had D. was phoning - was having
X. Write questions for the underlined parts.
1. Their parents used to teach them table manners at dinner.

2. The Queen took twenty mattresses to pile up on the pea.

3. Yes, we’re busy visiting and greeting relatives and friends during the Spring Festival.

4. The wicked old woman charmed the princess with magic words.

5. According to tradition, we always have a party on New Year’s Eve.

6. He prefers a film based on folk tale to a science-fiction film.

7. The 18th prince was given the crown because he made the most delicious and special food.

8. Vietnamese people usually make traditional cakes on Tet holiday and some other occasions.

XI. Complete the conversation with the sentences from the box.

There are three degrees of bow actually.

What about the second bow?
This is the most formal bow.
Sato is pretty, isn't she?
Then what did you do to respond?
Sounds a little complicated.
That means you need to bow 15 degrees from the standing posture.
Japanese people use it to greet guests, thank customers...

Lucy: Jose! Have you already met our new friend Sato?
Jose: The Japanese girl? Yes, I have.
Lucy: (1) _______________________________
Jose: Yes. And the way she greeted me is really special. She took a deep bow, which made me so
confused and shy.
Lucy: (2) _______________________________
Jose: I took a bow too, the only thing I knew at that moment. But I didn’t know if I bowed correctly.
Lucy: It seems that you don’t know bowing style in Japan. (3) _______________________________
Jose: Really? What are they?
Lucy: The first and most informal bow is 15-degree bow. (4) _______________________________
This is called Greeting bow, which is used for friends or equals.

54
Jose: (5) _______________________________
Lucy: The second is 30-degree bow, which is the Respect bow. It is used in formal places or situations.
(6) _______________________________
Jose: The last one is 45-degree bow, isn’t it?
Lucy: That’s right. It’s called the Highest Respect bow. (7) _______________________________ It
shows the bower’s deep gratitude, respectful greeting or apology. And in all bowing styles, men
must keep their hands by their sides while women put their hands together on their tights with
their fingers touching.
Jose: (8) _______________________________
Lucy: Exactly!
XII. Read the passage and choose the best answer.
Ok-Om-Bok Festival is a religious service that worships the moon deity of the Khmer minority
group and prays for good luck, happiness, good weather and bumper crops. The festival is usually held
when the dry season begins and rice are ripening on the fields.
The Moon-worshipping ceremony takes place in the evening of 14th of tenth lunar month before
the moon goes to the top. The ceremony is held in the yards of the pagoda or of residents’ houses. People
erect bamboo poles with a crossbar on which they decorate with flowers and leaves. Below is a table of
offerings that include green rice flakes, potatoes, bananas, coconuts, grapefruits, oranges and cakes.
People sit on the ground with crossed legs, clasping their hands before the altar and look up the Moon.
An old master of ceremonies says his prayers, asks the moon deity to receive the offerings and bless
people with the best.
After the ceremony, the elders ask the children of the house sit flatly on the ground with crossed
legs before the altar. The elders then take a handful of green rice flakes, feed each child and ask them
what they wish while clapping their backs. If the children answer the question clearly and politely, all
the best will come to them that year. After that, people enjoy the offerings together, and children play
games or dance and sing in the moonlight. Anyone who visits the Khmer’s houses on this occasion will
be tasted green rice flakes. At the pagodas of Khmer people, locals hold paper-lantern releasing into the
sky and putting on the rivers. The custom of releasing flying lights and floating lights is believed to
sweep away the darkness, impure and sadness from the village. Many traditional activities of the Khmer
are organised in the evening of 14th.
- deity (n): thần linh
1. The passage is mainly about ________.
A. the Ok-Om-Bok festival
B. the Moon-worshipping ceremony
C. the Ok-Om-Bok festival and the Moon-worshipping ceremony
D. the Moon-worshipping ceremony in the Ok-Om-Bok festival
2. When is the Ok-Om-Bok festival usually held according to the passage?
A. in the evening of 14th of tenth lunar month
B. on 14th October
C. at the beginning of the dry season
D. before the moon goes to the top
3. When the master of ceremonies says prayers, a Khmer person needs to ________.
A. sit flatly on the ground and look at the altar
B. have correct sitting posture before the altar and look up the Moon
C. stay in the yard with clasped hands and look up the Moon

55
 D. ask the moon deity to receive the offerings
4. What do people do after the ceremony according to the second paragraph?
A. The elders have to answer some questions when they clap the children’s back.
B. The children are fed with green rice flakes and asked about their wishes.
C. Local Khmer people invite guests to their houses.
D. Visitors release paper-lanterns into the sky or put them on the rivers.
5. Which of the following is probably the most important offering of the ceremony as we learn from the
passage?
A. green rice flakes B. fruits C. cakes D. paper-lanterns
XIII. Fill in each blank with a word from the box.

retell women poems moral different forgotten

beginning storytellers hidden generosity

In the days before television, radio and films, people told stories. And with these stories they
managed to entertain their audience, teach them (1) ________ lessons. In Arabic traditional stories often
start “Kan ya ma kan”, but “Once upon a time” is the traditional (2) ________ of folk tales in English.
In the past, people weren’t able to travel easily. Journeys were long and slow. So each village was
isolated and told (3) ________ versions of the same stories. Amazingly, many of these traditional stories
are very similar across the Arab world. There are stories about princes and princess, animals and ghosts,
thieves and robbers, (4) ________ treasures, rich sultans and poor men.
Men used to meet around a fire after dark and tell their stories. (5) ________ used to gather together
and tell stories while they sewed their dresses. They told stories to their children to educate them and to
entertain them. Most people were able to tell simple stories but couldn’t remember long ones or (6)
________ them in an excellent way. So there were professional (7) ________ who travelled from village
to village. They were very talented and they could remember incredibly long stories and (8) ________.
Their audience listened attentively, stopping storytellers to discuss the story’s moral message.
Certain qualities were important in these stories: (9) ________, faith, and hospitality. Fortunately,
many of these oral tales were collected and recorded before they were (10) ________. And we can still
read, listen, and learn from them today.
XIV. Write complete sentences using the cues given.
1. Lac Long Quan/ miss/ his life/ the sea,/ so/ he/ take/ his sons/ there

2. It/ be/ great/ that/ we/ go/ Nha Trang Carnival/ this Sunday
!
3. Hanna/ not/ know/ what time/ be/ latest/ she/ can/ visit/ tourist site

4. Cinderella/ live/ with/ her family/ when/ her father/ die

5. According/ tradition,/ parents/ give/ their children/ lucky money/ Tet

6. you/ have/ memorable time/ Thailand/ last summer vacation

?
7. Yesterday/ I/ have/ dinner/ with/ Japanese family/ and/ learn/ interesting table manners

56
8. While/ Snow White/ sleep/ bed,/ the dwarfs/ come/ home/ and/ be/ very surprised

XV. Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first one.
1. The witch in the folk tale had a magical spell.
What ______________________________________________________________________ !
2. Because Lan has ever lived in London, she knows western culture well.
Lan ________________________________________________________________________
3. Children are not allowed to drink any type of alcohol.
Children mustn’t _____________________________________________________________
4. While he was watching television, we came into the room.
He ________________________________________________________________________
5. It is advisable for students to take a bow on seeing a teacher from a distance.
Students should ______________________________________________________________
6. Mrs Madison was tired, but she tried to finish all the housework.
Despite _____________________________________________________________________
7. When did they hold the first sea festival in your place?
When ______________________________________________________________________ ?
8. We won’t go to visit Huong pagoda if it is too crowded.
Unless _____________________________________________________________________

57
 UNIT 7: POLLUTION
A. PHONETICS
I. Rewrite the words with the suffix -ic or -al.
1. scientist ________ 6. person ________ 11. ocean ________
2. artist ________ 7. nature ________ 12. globe ________
3. origin ________ 8. politics ________ 13. hero ________
4. region ________ 9. drama ________ 14. society ________
5. economy ________ 10. medicine ________ 15. volcano ________
II. Mark the stress in each word.
1. fantastic ________ 6. academic ________ 11. aquatic ________
2. botanical ________ 7. environmental ________ 12. geographical ________
3. practical ________ 8. nomadic ________ 13. climatic ________
4. logistic ________ 9. governmental ________ 14. biological ________
5. historical ________ 10. chemical ________ 15. specific ________

B. VOCABULARY
I. Match the phrases with the correct descriptions.
1. air pollution a. refers to anything that causes contamination of soil and degrades the
soil quality
2. light pollution b. an aesthetic issue, referring to the impacts of pollution that impair
one’s ability to enjoy a view
3. noise pollution c. harmful substances in the air, often consisting of waste from vehicles
or industry
4. radioactive pollution d. the contamination of water bodies, usually as a result of human
activities
5. soil pollution e. the harmful release of heated liquid into a body of water or heat
released into the air as a waste product of a business
6. thermal pollution f. noise that upsets people where they live or work and is considered to
be unhealthy for them
7. visual pollution g. the release of radiation into the environment as a result of human
activity.
8. water pollution h. the existence of too much artificial light in the environment
II. Complete the sentences with the words or phrases from the box.
contamination poisonous damage blood pressure
death permanent earplugs hearing loss affect pollutant

1. It is widely known that greenhouse gas can ________ the ozone layer.
2. Forest fire can result in habitat destruction and ________ of animals.
3. Experts tried to find out the source of the ________ in the water supply.
4. ________ is a type of deaf, and it can affect one ear or both ears.
5. I can wear ________ to protect my ears from loud noises and sleep well.
6. Do you know that climate and weather ________ every aspect of our lives?
7. Our cars pump out thousands of tonnes of ________ fumes every year.
8. A sudden or temporary blindness can cause long-term or ________ blindness.

58
9. Exercise will not only lower ________ but possibly protect against heart attacks.
10. Sulphur dioxide is a ________ and a major contributor to acid rain.
III. Match the two halves of the sentence.
1. Because most pollution from cars and a. so we must find a suitable method to recycle the
trucks is due to the burning of fuel, waste.
2. Plastic use is unavoidable and the plastic b. because individuals’ lungs are already weakened
waste may increase further, by dirty air.
3. Destruction of habitat c. lead to a strong increase in the number of forest
fires.
4. He says that Coronavirus death rates are d. because of their damaging effect on the
higher in heavily polluted areas environment.
5. The amount of carbon dioxide in the e. fossil fuel supplies are in danger of being
atmosphere have greatly increased exhausted.
6. Burning farm waste and slash-and- burn f. as a result of the depletion in plants and trees that
cultivation absorb it.
7. Since humans have been burning fossil g. could cause species that are not threatened to
fuels extensively over the past decades, become threatened.
8. Certain chemicals have been banned h. people can reduce pollution from these sources by
burning less fuel or burning cleaner fuel.
IV. Choose the best answer to complete the sentences.
1. Global warming and changes in the climate are _______ pollution of the atmosphere.
A. due to B. led to C. result of D. because
2. Lead and aluminium are common _______ that can be found in drinking water.
A. contamination B. contaminated C. contaminates D. contaminants
3. Thousands of fish were killed _______ a discharge of waste from a nearby factory.
A. to result in B. as a result of C. with the result that D. as a result
4. The official said the most effective means of controlling _______ of the disease was mass vaccination
campaigns.
A. outbreaks B. causes C. sources D. effects
5. Some manufacturers offered incentives for return of batteries, so that they can _______ or dispose of
them safely.
A. waste B. dump C. recycle D. throw away
6. The _______ leak in Fukushima had a disastrous effect on the environment.
A. radiate B. radioactive C. radiator D. radiation
7. Advertisement banners with display lights to attract customers _______ light pollution.
A. cause B. make C. produce D. lead
8. This _______ disposal system has underground pipes that distribute the liquid into treating areas.
A. garbage B. rubbish C. trash D. sewage
9. Forest fires do not only _______ in environmental damage but also huge costs in extinguishing the
fires.
A. contribute B. result C. lead D. create
10. Cars and trucks pump out thousands of tonnes of poisonous _______ every year.
A. pollutants B. exhaust pipes C. fumes D. chemicals
V. Write the correct form of the word in brackets.

59
1. There is abundant evidence that cars have a ________ effect on the environment. (harm)
2. Ways must be found to prevent the poisonous gases from ________ the air. (pollute)
3. It seems that light energy will be an important subject of ________ research in the future. (science)
4. The smells of ________ fish and rotting garbage were more than they could stand. (die)
5. They say that the rise in greenhouse gases parallels the ________ in the ozone layer. (reduce)
6. Temporary hearing loss may cause permanent damage to the ear if it’s left ________. (treat)
7. Pesticides used in farming has brought about an increase in outbreaks of food ________. (poison)
8. Children suffering from the illness had bathed in sea water ________ by sewage. (contaminate)
9. The accident at the power station caused the release of ________ into the atmosphere. (radioactive)
10. ________ are alarmed by the dramatic increase in all types of pollution. (environment)

C. GRAMMAR
I. Write the correct tense or form of the verbs in the conditional sentences type 1.
1. Global warming ________ (get) worse if people ________ (cut down) trees in the rainforests.
2. If we ________ (change) the natural balance of the world, we ________ (eventually, destroy)
ourselves.
3. I ________ (think) about migrating out of this city if air pollution ________ (continue).
4. If it ________ (not, rain) for a long time, there ________ (possibly, be) a severe drought.
5. ________ (the companies, get) only a small penalty if someone ________ (catch) them dumping
waste into rivers?
6. If no powerful measures ________ (make), the soil pollution ________ (harm) the public health.
7. The temperature ________ (go on) rising if we ________ (not, reduce) the amount of carbon dioxide
in the atmosphere.
8. If you ________ (see) anyone throwing litter into any body of water, ________ (you, report) it to the
authorities?
9. If soil ________ (not, protect), contaminants ________ (leak) through other partsof the environment.
10. The food supply ________ (be) a problem in some areas if the soil pollution ________ (leave)
untreated.
II. Write the correct tense or form of the verbs in the conditional sentences type 2.
1. There ________ (be) fewer traffic jams and accidents if there ________ (be) fewer cars on the road.
2. If the use of CFCs (chlorofluorocarbon) ________ (stop), the ozone hole ________ (may disappear)
completely by the year 2050.
3. We ________ (can save) about 250,000,000 trees each year if all our newspaper ________ (recycle).
4. The hill ________ (damage) if they ________ (cut down) the pines and ________ (put up) a hotel.
5. The global warming ________ (not, be) the big problem if people ________ (really, care) about the
planet.
6. There ________ (almost, be) no drinking water in many regions if they ________ (not, provide) fresh
water.
7. What ________ (happen) to the atmosphere if you ________ (burn) down not just the Amazon, but
every forest on Earth?
8. I ________ (not, have) to wear a face mask if the air in the street ________ (not, pollute).
9. If there ________ (be) no rain, the soil ________ (become) too dry and the plants ________ (can’t
survive).

60
10. ________ (there, be) enough food for all people in the world if food ________ (distribute) fairly?
III. Choose the best answer to complete the sentences.
1. If you ________ in the Sahara, you ________ the value of fresh water.
A. was - will realise B. will be - realise
C. were - would realise D. are - would realise
2. We ________ using fossil fuel energy if we really ________ to save the environment.
A. will stop - want B. should stop - want
C. would stop - wanted D. should stop - wanted
3. The air ______ clean every day if we ______ electric cars and buses in Ho Chi Minh City.
A. will be - have B. will be - had C. would be - had D. would be - have
4. If high-rise buildings ________ properly, they ________ bad view of a city.
A. weren’t planned - may bring B. didn’t plan - might bring
C. wasn’t planned - might bring D. aren’t planned - may bring
5. We ________ in the reduction of carbon emissions if we ________ clean bottles, cans and paper.
A. will aid - recycled B. could aid - recycled
C. aid - will recycle D. can aid - recycle
6. I ________ all healthful foods taste perfect if I ________ in charge of the world.
A. would make - were B. will make - were C. would make - am D. will make - am
7. Light ________ a nuisance if it ________ a negative effect on you or your enjoyment.
A. could consider - had B. can be considered - has
C. could be considered - has D. can consider - has
8. There ________ a great risk of infecting bacteria and viruses if our water supply ________.
A. will be - contaminates B. will be - are contaminated
C. will be - is contaminated D. would be - contaminated
9. If I ________ a scientist, I ________ a cure for a disease or a technological breakthrough.
A. was - would be found B. was - would find
C. am - will find D. were - would found
10. The street view ________ amazing if there ________ so many advertisement banners.
A. would be - weren’t B. would be - were
C. wouldn’t be - weren’t D. wouldn’t be - was

IV. Choose the word or phrase that needs correcting.

1. If polluted air doesn’t kill us, it can make us sick or reduced our intelligence.
A B C D
2. I turn off the air conditioner and open the windows if it wasn’t boiling hot.
A B C D
3. If I lived in that area, I would know the harmful chemicals in the well and might drink
A B C D
the water.
4. The land will become pollution with pesticides if the farms aren’t treated properly.
A B C D

61
5. If the soil environment is destroyed, people will surely pay for what they do with it.
A B C D
6. If we could help they solve the problem of water shortage, they would be really grateful.
A B C D
7. What would the world biggest cities look like if the night sky cleared from light pollution?
A B C D
8. In many countries, companies will be strictly fined if they exceed polluted limits.
A B C D
9. If people largely cause air pollution, they must also be involved in cleaning them up.
A B C D
10. If a small radiation leak happened, it would effect people in a radius of a few kilometres.
A B C D
D. SPEAKING
I. Put the sentences into the correct order to make a conversation.
Yes, it’s hot because it’s the beginning of summer.
That seems the logical things. I hope it will be better soon because we can’t live healthily in this
hot weather and the polluted environment. I can’t imagine how life on Earth will look like in the
next 100 years.
I think reducing pollution is not easy at all. Human life requires the producing of goods, so natural
resources are exploited to make products. Then waste will still be created and people will pollute
the environment again and again.
Well, it’s not easy, but it’s possible. Many countries are trying to recycle things and look for new
sources of energy. They also issue laws and have lots of programs to protect the environment.
1 Do you find that it’s hotter these days?
How can recycling things and finding new sources of energy help to reduce pollution?
Yeah, it’s hard to imagine...
If people recycle more things, they will use fewer natural resources and there will be less waste.
New sources of energy can replace the using of fossil fuels which results in most types of pollution.
Maybe you’re right because the earth’s temperature increases year by year. This won’t stop until
people can reduce all types of pollution which causes the global warming.
No, I mean this year is hotter than last year.
II. Match the sentences.
1. I think only cities have noise pollution. a. It’s “Save the environment: our work”.
2. Cars emitting black smoke should be banned. b. But tomorrow may be even hotter.
3. What will you do with these pictures? c. They can save water, paper, electricity... and
don’t litter.
4. Today is the hottest day I’ve ever known. d. Terrible! It must be hundreds of them.
5. What is the name of your project? e. Banning isn’t the best way. A fine is more
appropriate.
6. Radioactive pollution is rare, but it will be a f. That’s not true. My grandpa in the countryside
deathly disaster if it happens. suffers from his neighbours every evening.
They sing karaoke so loudly.
7. Is it true that polluted air is more dangerous g. You’re right. A radiation leak can cause huge
than smoking? damage to humans and living creatures.

62
 8. I usually see people throw trash in the street, h. I would politely tell them not to do so if I were
but I don’t know what to do then. you.
9. How can children help to save the earth? i. I just know that both of them are dangerous.
10. Look at the river! There are lots of dead fish. j. I’ll use them for my presentation on Earth Day.
E. READING
I. Read the passage and decide whether the statements are TRUE or FALSE.
Plastic bags cause many negative effects for us and the environment. No one knows exactly how
many bags are littering the planet, but researchers estimate that 500 billion are used around the globe
each year. It sounds interesting when we could get money in exchange for our plastic trash.
This happens at a company called the Plastic Bank. The Bank creates social and environmental
impact in areas with high levels of poverty and plastic pollution by turning plastic waste into a currency.
By exchanging plastic for money, they can stop plastic from polluting the environment and help people
living in poverty to build their better future.
To do this, the Plastic Bank buy plastic waste at a high price so that they can encourage people to
collect it. People can exchange plastic waste for money, items, or services. Plastic collected through the
Bank is recycled and processed into new raw material feedstock, called Social Plastic, which can be
purchased by manufacturers to produce more environmentally and socially ethical products. In this way,
new opportunities are created for the world’s most disadvantaged communities and recycling becomes
dignified work.
1. Researchers can know exactly how many plastic bags are littering the planet. _________
2. People could get money in exchange for their plastic trash at a company called the Plastic Bank.
_________
3. The Plastic Bank give money and plastic bags to the poor. _________
4. The Plastic Bank has good effects on people and the environment. _________
5. The Plastic Bank helps to stop plastic from polluting the environment. _________
6. Manufacturers purchase plastic raw materials from many collectors. _________
7. Social Plastic is the material recycled and processed by Plastic Bank. _________
8. The Plastic Bank creates nothing for disadvantaged communities, but dignified work. _________
II. Fill in each blank with a word from the box.
though warmer degrees from harm contaminated like increase

Pollution always seems to be a hot topic. We are constantly aware of how we are changing our
planet, (1) ________ air pollution to the pollution of our drinking water. There are several types of
pollution, but do you ever hear about thermal pollution?
Think about where you live. What is the climate (2) ________ ? If you live a long way north or
south of the equator, it is generally pretty cold throughout the year. If you live closer to the equator, it is
generally (3) ________. Now imagine if for some reasons, the temperature of your area increased by a
few dozen (4) ________. For some, this would change how you live your life. You may wear different
clothing or build different houses. For others, this might mean that you can no longer live in that area.
Too much of a temperature (5) ________ is capable of killing human beings. This would not be a good
situation if this were to happen to our planet.
Many types of pollution are very straightforward. Air pollution is the pumping of gases and particles
that cause (6) ________ into the air. Water pollution is any type of activity that leads our drinking water
sources to become (7) ________. Thermal pollution is lesser-known. In thermal pollution, human
activity causes a body of water to increase or decrease in temperature, (8) ________ in the majority of

63
cases it is a temperature increase. This increase or decrease can be thought of in much the same way as
our introductory scenario. In some cases, the shift only changes life slightly. In others, it’s game over.

F. WRITING
I. Reorder the words to make meaningful sentences.
1. If/ a tree/ you/ clean/ keep/ in/ house or apartment,/ it/ will/ the air/ the

2. Global warming/ when/ happens/ too much/ there/ the/ is/ in/ atmosphere/ carbon dioxide

3. Since/ it/ a/ too hot/ last summer,/ there/ water shortage/ in/ many farms/ was/ now/ is

4. Land pollution/ the/ humans’ activities/ is/ destruction/ land/ a result/ of/ of/ as

5. Contaminated/ aquatic/ water/ leads/ the/ to/ death/ animals and plants/ of

6. Noise pollution/ in/ world/ become/ one/ serious/ of/ public nuisances/ the/ the/ has

7. If/ natural heritages/ oppose/ would/I/ an/ environmentalist,/I/ exploiting/ were

8. Visual pollution/ caused/ can/ be/ by/ advertising banners/ the/ of/ overuse

II. Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first one.
1. The rivers and canals are dry because there are many dams in the upstream.
Due to _____________________________________________________________________
2. The ocean water became contaminated by liquid petroleum as a result of the oil spills.
Because of __________________________________________________________________
3. Because treated waste water isn’t used and properly managed, health effects occur.
If _________________________________________________________________________
4. People continue using plastic, there will be more plastic than fish in the ocean.
Unless _____________________________________________________________________
5. The reason why light pollution can cause a hazard is that it can cause diminished visibility.
Since ______________________________________________________________________
6. Cars emit dangerous fumes, so lots of people die of diseases caused by air pollution.
If _________________________________________________________________________
7. Let’s encourage our friends to use biological bags instead of plastic ones.
Why _______________________________________________________________________ ?
8. It’s a good idea for the governments to punish the polluters with large fines.
The governments should _______________________________________________________

64
 UNIT 8: ENGLISH SPEAKING COUNTRIES
A. PHONETICS
I. Mark the stress in each word.
employee Portuguese referee refugee Vietnamese
interviewee Japanese degree trainee addressee
II. Choose the word that has different stress pattern.
1. A. engineer B. committee C. Nepalese D. disagree
2. A. obese B. hello C. hotel D. coffee
3. A. symbolise B. afternoon C. understand D. volunteer
4. A. incomplete B. republic C. adoptee D. kangaroo
5. A. addressee B. souvenir C. employer D. journalese
B. VOCABULARY
I. Match the countries with the peoples and the capitals.
Country People Capital
1. Australia a. Irish A. Ottawa
2. Canada b. English B. London
3. England c. American C. Dublin
4. Ireland d. Scottish D. Cardiff
5. New Zealand e. Australian E. Wellington
6. Scotland f. New Zealander F. Canberra
7. the USA g. Welsh G. Washington D.C.
8. Wales h. Canadian H. Edinburgh
II. Odd one out.
1. A. festive B. spectacle C. scenery D. parade
2. A. Canada B. Australia C. Singapore D. Scottish
3. A. historic B. territory C. unique D. iconic
4. A. Big Ben B. Disneyland C. North Pole D. The Statue of Liberty
5. A. symbolise B. attract C. legend D. celebrate
6. A. cattle B. kangaroo C. koala D. kiwi bird
7. A. England B. New Zealand C. Scotland D. Northern Ireland
8. A. Dublin B. Cardiff C. Edinburgh D. Sydney
III. Complete the sentences with the words or phrases from the box.

loch state native speakers official language icon

cattle station puzzling mother tongue kilt accent

1. A(n) ________, a type of man skirt, the national dress of Scotland, is mostly worn on formal
occasions.
2. I’m told that I speak English with a Vietnamese ________.
3. What is the difference between county and province and prefecture and ________ ?
4. This grammar book is aimed at learners of English rather than ________.
5. The Story of the ________ Ness Monster has attracted many tourists to the lake.

65
6. In Australia, a ________ is a large farm whose main activity is the raising of cattle.
7. The students were silent when the teacher suddenly asked a ________ question.
8. English is the most common ________, with recognized status in 51 countries.
9. The Sydney Opera House is a(n) ________ of Australia and one of the world’s most recognizable
buildings.
10. ________ usually refers to the language that a person learned as a child at home.
IV. Choose the best answer to complete the sentences.
1. In parts of Canada, French is the _______ and the second is English.
A. foreign language B. native speaker C. mother tongue D. first language
2. Koalas are _______ to Australia because people cannot find them in another country.
A. unique B. legendary C. spectacular D. attractive
3. The flag of _______ has a stylized, red, 11-pointed maple leaf in the centre.
A. the USA B. Canada C. Singapore D. New Zealand
4. The Statue of Liberty in New York is the _______ that symbolises freedom.
A. monument B. square C. tower D. icon
5. _______ is not part of the United Kingdom, but a separated country.
A. England B. Scotland C. Ireland D. Wales
6. Big Ben is the nickname for the clock tower of the Palace of Westminster in _______.
A. Washington D.C. B. Edinburgh C. London D. New York
7. The _______ event is mainly held by the Scottish to celebrate Scottish and Celtic culture.
A. Thanksgiving Day B. Mickey’s Soundsational Parade
C. Glastonbury Festival D. Highland Games
8. The geographic point at the centre of _______ is the North Pole.
A. Canada B. Arctic Ocean C. Alaska D. Arctic Circle
9. The White House is the official residence and workplace of the President of _______.
A. the United Kingdom B. the USA
C. Great Britain D. America
10. Niagara Falls is located on the border between the US _______ of New York and the Canadian
province of Ontario.
A. territory B. state C. province D. county
V. Write the correct form of the word in brackets.
1. English ________ people have a much wider vocabulary than we do. (speak)
2. The first term in this school year will ________ start on Monday, May 9th. (official)
3. The scenery in the USA is exceedingly ________ to the tourists from the whole world. (attract)
4. Each time I returned I was struck by the ________ of Australia and its people. (unique)
5. As a city-state, ________ society is said to be easily controlled by the most successful “city
government” in the world. (Singapore)
6. The ________ in the Republic of Ireland are incredible with views over hills and mountains, sea,
cliffs, lakes and forests. (scenery)
7. The Ontario countryside in the fall is a ________ colourful landscape that we all admire and enjoy.
(spectacle)

66
8. On his travels in New Zealand, Kelvin realized that kiwi bird perfectly ________ New Zealanders.
(symbol)
9. The ________ flag has a green and white background with a red dragon. (Wales)
10. You may be eligible to apply for a British citizen if you have British ________. (nation)
C. GRAMMAR
I. Write the correct form of the verbs in the present simple, the present continuous or the present
perfect.
1. Look at those koalas! They ________ (eat) eucalyptus leaves deliciously.
2. British traditional afternoon tea ________ (consist) of sandwiches, scones and clotted cream.
3. Since 1707, Great Britain ________ (fight) in over 120 wars across a total of 170 countries.
4. ________ (you, ever, wonder) why people have to drive on the left in the United Kingdom?
5. I ________ (feel) excited now because tomorrow morning I leave for the summer camp.
6. In the last 1,000 years, half of all animals in New Zealand ________ (become) extinct.
7. New Zealand ________ (lie) on the Ring of Fire and there are numerous volcanoes on North Island.
8. In the past few years Ireland’s economy ________ (start) to recover and is once again on the rise.
9. As in many other countries, Christmas ________ (be) a favourite time of the year in Wales.
10. Where is Van? - Oh, she ________ (speak) to some foreign tourists over there.
II. Write the correct form of the verbs in the present simple for future.
1. Our English lesson ________ (finish) at half past eight, so we can leave at nine.
2. You’re booked on flight number BL 425, and it ________ (depart) at 07:15 am.
3. Now it is the football season, and the basketball season ________ (not, start) next month.
4. What time ________ (the next train, leave)? - At about half past nine, or to be precise, 9:33 Dec. 12th.
5. The flight from New York to Edinburgh ________ (arrive) at 5.35 pm local time.
6. The inauguration of a President of the United States ________ (not, take place) on Jan 21st, but Jan
20th.
7. ________ (the director, hold) a meeting with all employees on Monday morning?
8. A photographic exhibition ________ (open) at the Royal College of Art on Wednesday.
9. The parading season in Belfast ________ (last) from Easter to the end of August.
10. On Memorial Day weekend, Louisville ________ (host) the largest annual Beatles Festival.
III. Choose the best answer to complete the sentences.
1. Our friends _______ great fun and enjoying the great outdoors at the moment.
A. all have B. are all having C. have all D. are having all
2. The Republic of Ireland _______ an island in Europe and _______ a variety of landscapes.
A. is - has B. are - have C. is - is having D. are - are having
3. They _______ Singapore year in year out and they _______ bored.
A. visit - have never got B. have visited - never get
C. have visited - never got D. visited - have never got
4. The train _______ at 8.58, so they _______ in Scotland by lunchtime.
A. will leave - will be B. leaves - are C. leaves - will be D. is leaving - are
5. The Celtic people _______ in Ireland for over 2,000 years and _______ significant influences on Irish
culture.
A. lived - have B. have lived - have C. have lived - had D. lived - have had

67
6. The Wimbledon Tennis Championships _______ in London since 1877 and _______ over two weeks
in late June - early July.
A. have hosted - have taken place B. have been hosted - took place
C. are hosted - take place D. have been hosted - take place
7. I _______ the ticket. The flight _______ off at 7.15 am on this Thursday.
A. just bought - take B. buy - would take
C. am just buying - took D. have just bought - takes
8. Hi, Jenny! What _______? - It’s a book about the Commonwealth of Nations.
A. have you read B. are you going to read
C. are you reading D. do you read
9. Shrove Tuesday in Britain _______ 47 days before Easter Sunday, so the date _______ from year to
year.
A. always falls - will vary B. always falls - varies
C. fell - varies D. has always fallen - has varied
10. There are some moments non-native English speakers aren’t quite sure what they _______.
A. speak B. spoke C. are speaking D. have spoken
IV. Choose the word or phrase that need correction.
1. The USA has been home to spectacular landscapes, from snowy mountains to arid
A B C
deserts, huge forests and vast grasslands.
D
2. Canada’s ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific
A B C
and northward into Arctic Ocean.
D
3. Scotland has three official recognised languages: English, Scots and Scottish Gaelic.
A B C D
4. Northern Ireland makes up part of the UK, but it is situating on an island in Western Europe
A B C
called Ireland.
D
5. With a total of 600, Wales have more castles per square mile than any other country
A B C D
in the world.
6. As a constitutional monarchy, England has a monarch who reigns over the country
A B
but do not rule and govern it.
C D
7. Singapore has four official languages: English, Malay, China, and Tamil; however,
A B C
English is spoken as a common tongue.
D

68
8. Everybody have heard of William Shakespeare, but England has also produced many
A B C
other world-famous authors.
D
9. Although the Philippines has 186 individual languages, both Filipino and English are
A B C
the country official languages.
D
10. The Great Barrier Reef is the world’s largest reef and can be founded on the north-east coast
A B C D
of Australia.

D. SPEAKING
I. Write questions for the underlined parts.
1. Australia is located in the Southern hemisphere between the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean.

2. The Maori are the first people to live in New Zealand.

3. The first Thanksgiving Day in the USA was celebrated in October 1621.

4. Singapore has a rich and diverse culture because people have immigrated to Singapore from other
countries for hundreds of years.

5. I can increase my English vocabulary by reading English books.

6. England is the largest and the most populous of the four countries that make up the UK.

7. The official currency of England is the British pound sterling.

8. Twelve languages are spoken in England.

II. Complete the conversation with the sentences from the box.

How many castles are there in Wales?

I see the flag on your bag.
And your voice sounds like an English native speaker's accent.
That's about 1 castle per 35 square kilometres.
But is Wales actually part of the UK?
My country has a population of just over three million people.
You come from Wales, don't you?
What is your country famous for?

69
Anna: Hello! I’m Anna. Nice to meet you.
Betty: Hello, Anna. I’m Betty. Nice to meet you too. I’m from the Philippines. (1) ________________
___________________________
Anna: Yes, I do. How do you know it?
Betty: I just guess. (2) ___________________________________________ The Welsh flag has a
green and white background with a red dragon. It is only one of three countries that has a dragon
on their national flag.
Anna: You’re totally right. (3) ____________________________________________
Betty: Thanks for your compliment. That’s because English is an official language in the Philippines.
I know English is also an official language of Wales. (4) ______________________________
___________________
Anna: Yes, it is. Although Wales has its own capital and devolved government, some aspects are
governed by the UK-wide parliament based in London.
Betty: (5) __________________________________________
Anna: I think Wales is well-known for castles. It has more castles per square kilometre than any other
country in the world!
Betty: (6) ___________________________________________
Anna: About 600, while the total area is only 20,779 square kilometres.
Betty: Wow! (7) _____________________________________
Anna: You’re a smart cookie.
Betty: Thanks. Is it crowded in your country?
Anna: No, it isn’t. (8) ____________________________________ A friend of mine says that there
are nearly three times as many sheep and lambs in Wales as there are people!
Betty: That’s funny!

E. READING
I. Read the passage and choose the best answer.
The flag of Canada in the present form was made the official flag of Canada on 15 February 1965,
replacing the old one that has Union Jack - the British flag. Since 1996, February 15 has been observed
annually as National Flag of Canada Day. The flag is known by different names but is generally called
the ‘National Flag of Canada’. It is also known as ‘The Maple Leaf’ or 1’Unifolie, which means ‘the
one-leafed’ in French.
The National Flag of Canada consists of two colours: white and red. These are the official colours
of Canada as proclaimed by King George V of Britain in 1921. Both colours have historical significance.
While the white refers to the French royal emblem used in the reign of Charles VII, the red symbolizes
the cross of St. George, which was the emblem of the first flag that flew in Canada.
The most distinctive feature of the National Flag of Canada is the 11-pointed red maple leaf that is
placed in the centre of the flag. The flag is also special for its size. The dimensions of the flag - twice as
long as it is wide - are unique to Canada. No other national flag uses those dimensions. The National
Flag of Canada is a symbol of pride and honour for the people of Canada. Needless to say, it should be
treated, used and displayed with respect.
- emblem (n): biểu tượng, biểu trưng
1. Which of the following is the correct name of the flag of Canada?
A. National Flag of Canada B. The Maple Leaf

70
 C. 1’Unifolie D. All of above
2. When did Canada celebrate the first National Flag of Canada Day according to the first paragraph?
A. on February 15th, 1965 B. in 1996
C. on February 15th, 1921 D. None of above
3. The second paragraph mainly explains ________.
A. the two colours: white and red
B. the origin and symbol of the colours of the National Flag of Canada
C. the history of the colours of the National Flag of Canada
D. the reasons why the two kings chose the two colours of the National Flag of Canada
4. The word “distinctive” in the third paragraph can be best replaced by __________.
A. special B. unique C. typical D. different
5. Which of the following is not true about the current National Flag of Canada?
A. There’s a maple leaf on the flag. B. It consists of two colours, white and red.
C. It has the Union Jack. D. The flag is twice as long as it is wide.
II. Choose the best answer to fill in the blanks.
Big Ben is the nickname for the Great Bell of the clock at the north end of the Palace of Westminster
in London and is usually extended to refer to both the clock and the clock (1) ________ as well. The
tower is officially (2) ________ as Elizabeth Tower, renamed to celebrate the Diamond Jubilee of
Elizabeth II in 2012; previously, it was known simply as the Clock Tower.
(3) ________ completed in 1859, it was, says clockmaker Ian Westworth, “the prince of
timekeepers: the biggest, most accurate four-faced striking and chiming clock in the world.” The tower
had its 150th (4) ________ on 31 May 2009, during which celebratory events took place.
A British cultural (5) ________, the tower is one of the most prominent symbols of the United
Kingdom and is often in the establishing shot of films set in London.
Diamond Jubilee: Đại lễ Kim Cương
1. A. bell B. tower C. palace D. point
2. A. known B. called C. named D. said
3. A. Since B. While C. When D. If
4. A. festival B. holiday C. ceremony D. anniversary
5. A. image B. figure C. statue D. icon

F. WRITING
I. Write complete sentences using the cues given.
1. Sydney Opera House/ become/ arts centre/ since 1973

2. bus for/ excursion/ Melbourne Museum/ leave/ 7.00 am/ Monday

3. New Zealand/ famous/ beauty/ its mountains and forests

4. Big Ben/ be/ major monument/ London/ which/ symbolise/ the UK

5. The Maori’s culture/ have/ great impact/ New Zealand life/ so far

71
6. Edinburgh/ be/ first city/ world/ to have/ its own fire brigade/ 1824

7. Over 700 million people/ visit/ Disneyland/ since/ it/ open/1955

8. Pushing/ see/ as/ extremely rude/ any public place/ Canada

II. Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first one.
1. Everybody believes that women make better a teacher than men do.
Women are _________________________________________________________________
2. The last time we visited Singapore was three years ago.
We haven’t _________________________________________________________________
3. The flight to London lasts seven hours and a half.
It takes _____________________________________________________________________
4. The tourists had to change their plan of the excursion because the weather was bad.
Due to _____________________________________________________________________
5. I’ve never seen such a beautiful scenery.
This is the most ______________________________________________________________
6. The UK is made up of England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.
England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland _____________________________________
7. What is the height of the Statue of Liberty in New York?
How _______________________________________________________________________ ?
8. I haven’t seen Brian since I was in a summer camp in Britain.
I last _______________________________________________________________________

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 UNIT 9: NATURAL DISASTERS
A. PHONETICS
I. Complete the words with -logy or -graphy. Some words will have both of them.
1. bio ________ 2. photo ________ 3. psycho ________ 4. zoo ________
5. techno ________ 6. geo ________ 7. eco ________ 8. demo ________
9. socio ________ 10. ethno ________ 11. methodo ________ 12. disco ________
13. musico ________ 14. crystallo ________ 15. futuro ________
II. Mark the stress in the words.
1. climatology 2. philology 3. apology 4. physiography
5. oceanography 6. astrology 7. bibliography 8. physiology
9. radiology 10. archaeology 11. mythology 12. lexicography
13. numerology 14. cryptography 15. bacteriology
B. VOCABULARY
I. Match the disasters with the descriptions.
1. tsunami a. a sudden, violent shaking of the earth’s surface
2. earthquake b. a mountain with a large opening at the top through which gases and hot liquid
rock are forced out into the air
3. drought c. a mass of snow, ice and rock that falls down the side of a mountain
4. typhoon d. a large amount of mud sliding down a mountain
5. flood e. an extremely large wave caused by a violent movement of the earth under the sea
6. tornado f. a strong, dangerous wind that forms itself into an upside-down spinning cone and
is able to destroy buildings as it moves across the ground
7. mudslide g. a long period of time when there is little or no rain
8. volcano h. a large amount of water covering an area that is usually dry
9. wildfire i. a very big fire that spreads quickly and burns natural areas like woods, forests
and grassland
10. avalanche j. a violent wind that has a circular movement, found in the West Pacific Ocean
II. Complete the sentences with the words or phrases from the box.
havoc in charge shelter aid emergency
guidelines debris supplies victims climate change

1. After the storm, they opened a(n) ________ to provide temporary housing for the homeless.
2. The effects of natural disasters can be significantly reduced if we follow safety ________.
3. The tropical storm that caused ________ over the weekend brings heavy rain on Monday.
4. A(n) ________ hotline was set up for the relatives of those involved in the disaster.
5. In the aftermath of natural disasters, governments frequently provide ________ for affected
households.
6. Several organizations have distributed food and blankets to the earthquake ________.
7. Many believe that ________ resulted in loss of sea ice and accelerated sea level rise.
8. There are agencies at different levels ________ of natural disaster prevention and control.
9. Helicopters delivered medical ________ to the disaster area because the roads were destroyed.
10. ________ from the volcano is spread as far as 2,000 metres from where it collapsed.
III. Choose the best answer to complete the sentences.
1. The forest fire _______ for twelve hours and thousands of wild animals died.

73
 A. raged B. struck C. took D. put out
2. Natural and man-made disasters _______ havoc on our physical and mental health.
A. wreak B. destroy C. damage D. affect
3. Measured 9.5 on the Richter scale, the world’s largest _______ occurred on May 22, 1960 in southern
Chile.
A. mudslide B. avalanche C. flood D. earthquake
4. Despite modern technologies available to us, we‘re still _______ against natural disasters.
A. homeless B. harmless C. helpless D. hopeless
5. The reporter said that ten people died and thirty were _______ injured in the flood.
A. completely B. greatly C. powerfully D. seriously
6. A _______ that is just a few centimetres high from the sea can rear up to heights of 30 to 50 meters
as it hits the shore.
A. typhoon B. tsunami C. tornado D. thunderstorm
7. After the flood, debris from the destroyed houses was _______ over a large area.
A. collapsed B. buried C. shaken D. scattered
8. Many people are working to save species from extinction, animals from cruelty, natural _______ from
destruction.
A. disasters B. phenomenons C. environment D. hazards
9. Most people had moved to the safe areas before the typhoon struck, so there were only a few minor
_______.
A. loss B. injuries C. impacts D. destruction
10. Aid agencies provided drinking water and food _______ to the isolated residents.
A. guidelines B. aid C. supplies D. emergency
IV. Write the correct form of the word in brackets.
1. We need to know protective measures to take before, during and after an ________. (evacuate)
2. Clearing trees by burning is highly ________ of the forest environment. (destruct)
3. ________ used a special device for finding people trapped in collapsed buildings. (rescue)
4. A massive volcanic ________ could affect the climate of the whole planet. (erupt)
5. The sound of thunder warned everyone that they are within the ________ distance of the storm.
(strike)
6. They discussed ways of increasing the chance for ________ during and after an earthquake. (survive)
7. Violent storms wreaked havoc on the village, leaving three people dead and dozens ________. (injure)
8. Different parts of the world have different ________ and environmental conditions. (climate)
9. The relief agencies are trying to provide food and other basic ________. (essential)
10. The depletion of the ozone layer could have ________ consequences for life on Earth. (disaster)
C. GRAMMAR
I. Change the sentences into the passive.
1. The flood destroyed eleven homes and several farms during the night.

2. The Tohoku earthquake in Japan made more than 500,000 people homeless.

3. People cannot predict the exact day and time of an earthquake.

74
4. In spring, the melting of snow in the mountains floods the valleys.

5. Will they teach students how to prepare for earthquakes and storms?

6. Heavy rains on hillsides caused mudslides and flooding in the mountain town of Regent.

7. They have sent lots of equipment and planes to put out the forest fire.

8. When will they provide accommodation for the people left without homes?

9. The rescue workers are delivering basic supplies to isolated areas.

10. Fellow group members rescued a skier after the avalanche in Colorado.

II. Write the correct form of the verbs in the post perfect.
1. Hundreds of people ________ (leave) their home by the time the fire spread.
2. They ________ (not, put) the car into the garage before the hail reached the village.
3. The fire ________ (destroy) around 40 structures when the firemen extinguished it.
4. Frank was missing because he ________ (not, take) shelter with his family during the storm.
5. The villagers ________ (start) to repair some homes, but they had to halt it because of heavy rains.
6. ________ (the drought, leave) the province with only one year’s supply of water in its reservoirs until
then?
7. The lava ________ (not, stop) flowing into the ocean so we could not take the boat.
8. This was the moment where they had to put into practice what they ________ (learn) in a foreign
environment.
9. The storm ________ (cause) power outages that affected about 200,000 households.
10. There ________ (not, be) an evacuation for the valley until officials issued an order.
III. Write the correct form of the verbs in the post simple or the post perfect.
1. Before the storm ________ (hit), authorities ________ (move) around 20,000 people to safer areas.
2. By the time the province ________ (supply) a water wheel, the drought ________ (be) over.
3. When the mudslide ________ (happen), some people ________ (hear) the sound of big rocks falling
behind their place.
4. It ________ (stop) snowing by the afternoon, but it ________ (look) like it could start again any
minute.
5. Before radio broadcasting ________ (warn) people to leave the seaside, there ________ (not, be) any
warning issued.
6. We ________ (have) a heavy rain in Hoi An on Thursday night, but Friday ________ (be) gloriously
sunny.
7. The storm, which ________ (develop) from a tropical depression on Tuesday, ________ (strengthen)
into a typhoon on Saturday.
8. The flames ________ (destroy) more than 35 houses by the time the fire fighters ________ (come).

75
9. There ________ (seem) to be more rains after the El Nino ________ (weaken).
10. Yesterday it ________ (rain) heavily all day, and the wind ________ (become) stronger and stronger.
IV. Choose the best answer to complete the sentences.
1. Nearly three dozen people _______ for days in the collapsed gold mine.
A. trapped B. have trapped
C. have been trapped D. are being trapped
2. By the end of last June, a dozen of landslides _______ in six districts of the city.
A. will occur B. had occurred C. occurred D. have occurred
3. Paddy fields in the Mekong Delta _______ by drought and salt water intrusion.
A. often damage B. have been often damaged
C. have often been damaged D. are often damaged
4. The storm _______ to move inland and cross the city, but it _______ the direction.
A. was expected - changed B. was expected - was changed
C. expected - wasn’t changed D. had expected - changed
5. They _______ skiing zone less than an hour before the avalanche _______ at least five skiers.
A. had opened - buried B. opened - buried
C. opened - had buried D. had opened - had buried
6. Fortunately, my friend’s house _______ in an area that the tsunami _______.
A. located - hadn’t hit B. located - didn’t hit
C. was located - hasn’t been hit D. was located - hadn’t hit
7. The magnitude 9.0 earthquake _______ the sort of devastation Japan _______ since World War II.
A. produced - didn’t seen B. hasn’t produced - haven’t seen
C. produced - hadn’t seen D. had produced - hadn’t seen
8. The dog, found on Sunday, _______ for 33 days after a tornado _______ the Johns’ family.
A. was missing - had swept out B. was missed - swept out
C. missed - has swept out D. was missed - has been swept out
9. By noon of the 25th, they _______ a shortcut to pass the road damaged by the mudslide.
A. have created B. had created C. will be creating D. were creating
10. Mount Vesuvius in Italy _______ over eight hundred years by the time it _______ in 79 A.D.
A. hadn’t erupted - awakened B. erupted - had awakened
C. didn’t erupted - awakened D. hadn’t erupted - had awakened

V. Choose the word or phrase that needs correcting.

1. Officials didn’t see the tornado on their radars until they saw posts on social media.
A B C D
2. Children were either separated from their parents or orphaned in the tsunami in
A B C D
Indonesia in 2004.
3. Tropical Storm Linda in 1997 has been the worst typhoon in southern Viet Nam in at
A B C D
least 100 years.

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4. A helicopter had been engaged in extinguishing the huge forest fire, but it isn’t successful.
A B C D
5. Thousands of houses had collapsed in a trail of destruction that had forced an
A B C
evacuation of more than 30,000 people.
D
6. In 2014, a mudslide in Washington left 43 people died after a portion of a hill collapsed.
A B C D
7. So far, the storm has killed 23 people, included three children, and dozens remain missing.
A B C D
8. Roads that had been flooded or washed away causing traffic jams across several provinces.
A B C D
9. The district had been isolated after the floods until it was re-connecting at noon yesterday.
A B C D
10. Sea rising levels combined with increasing rain will flood areas in the low-lying plains.
A B C D

D. SPEAKING
I. Put the expressions into the correct columns.
That’s awful! Good news! Oh no! Lucky you!
Sounds exciting! I’m sorry to hear that. What a pity!
That’s great! How terrible! That’s shocking!
How fantastic! That’s a relief. That’s awesome!
What a shame! How wonderful!
Negative Positive

II. Put the sentences in the correct order to make a conversation.

It lasted for about an hour, and we had to stay in our storm shelter until it’s gone.
Yes, I have. A tornado struck my town when I was eleven.
I was staying with my parents, so I didn’t know how and where others were. I think they had
already been in safe places because there was no human loss.
1 Tracy! Have you ever been in a storm?
Yes, it was.
Oh, really? Were you frightened then?
That’s awful! How was everybody?

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 That’s a relief. How long did the storm last?
Yes, of course. It was very frightening when hearing the sound of the winds. Houses and trees
collapsed. Leaves, objects and debris were blown up in the sky.
It’s a hard time in your life, wasn’t it?

E. READING
I. Read the passage and do the tasks.
A tropical cyclone is a circular air movement over the warm ocean waters in the warm part of Earth
near the equator. Most tropical cyclones are storms with strong winds and heavy rains. While some
tropical cyclones stay out in the sea, others pass over land. This can be dangerous because the winds and
floods can break things and drown people.
Tropical cyclones form when warm, moist ocean air rises. They begin as a group of storm winds
when the water gets as hot as 27°C or hotter. The Coriolis effect made by the Earth’s rotation causes the
winds to rotate. These storms usually move westward in the tropics, and later move north or south into
the temperate zone.
The term “tropical cyclone” is a general term and includes regionally specific terms such as
“hurricane” and “typhoon”. A tropical cyclone that forms in the Atlantic is called a hurricane. The same
is true of those that form in the eastern, central and northern Pacific. In the western Pacific a tropical
cyclone is called a typhoon. In the Indian Ocean they are called “cyclones”. The name for a tropical
cyclone depends on its location.
A. Match the words or phrases with their definitions.
1. equator a. to make something begin to exist
2. temperate zone b. an imaginary line around the earth at an equal distance from the North and
South Poles
3. drown c. an area of the earth that is not near the equator or the South or North Pole
4. form d. the hottest part of the world which is around the equator
5. rotation e. movement in a circle around a fixed point
6. the tropics f. to cause to die by being unable to breathe underwater

B. Answer the questions.

1. Is there any tropical cyclone that begins and ends in the sea?

2. Is it possible for a tropical cyclone to begin at the temperature of 26°C?

3. Why do the winds rotate when the water gets hot?

4. Can we say both hurricane and typhoon are tropical cyclones?

5. Where is a tropical cyclone called “hurricane”?

6. Where is a tropical cyclone called “typhoon”?

II. Fill in each blank with a word from the box.

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 occur nature technology rain or living disasters volcanic

NATURE IS THE SOURCE OF LIFE

We human beings are a part of nature, and our quality of life depends on all the (1) ________ things
that share this planet with us. We must take care of nature, because our well-being depends on it.
(2) ________ is always moving and changing. This happens in different ways, for instance through
natural phenomena that (3) ________ quite regularly, such as rain, winds, earth tremors or the natural
processes of soil erosion.
Earthquakes, floods, fires, (4) ________ eruptions, tropical storms, tornadoes, electric storms,
landslides, droughts, plagues and other phenomena such as “El Nino” and “La Nina” are a part of nature,
just like the sun and the (5) ________.
These natural phenomena affect almost the entire Earth. In olden times, people used to come with
legends to explain these phenomena. They would say that the volcano was angry, (6) ________ that the
gods were demanding a sacrifice. Today, science, (7) ________ and history help us to understand these
events instead of merely fearing them.
However, such phenomena still turn into (8) ________, affecting lots of people in every corner of
our planet where a culture of prevention has not yet taken root.

F. WRITING
I. Write complete sentences using the cues given.
1. I/ not/ think/ that/ there/ be/ natural disasters/ now/ than/ in the past

2. So far,/ there/ be/ no/ human loss,/ but/ fire/ caused/ extensive damage/ property

3. Before/ mudslide/ destroyed/ road,/ it/ rain/ heavily/ for/ several days

4. emergency workers/ evacuate/ all villagers/ when/ river/ flooded/ village?

?
5. When/ earthquake/ stopped,/ debris/ from/ collapsed buildings/ scattered/ across/ town

6. residents/ already/ train/ deal with/ disasters/ and/ now/ know/ how/ help/ others

7. If/ storm/ not/ change/ its direction,/ it/ strike/ southern provinces

8. By the time/ earthquake/ struck,/ there/ be/ no/ early warning/ for/ it

II. Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first one.
1. No one took care of the pets while we were in the eye of the storm.
No one looked _______________________________________________________________
2. The forest fire was so big that its smoke could be seen from space.
It was such __________________________________________________________________
3. You should read guidelines for evacuation carefully.
If I ________________________________________________________________________

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4. Lightning can strike people while they are talking on the phone.
People _____________________________________________________________________
5. The typhoon struck the Philippines, then it weakened to a tropical depression.
After the typhoon ____________________________________________________________
6. I’ve never heard about a stronger earthquake than the one in Chile.
The earthquake in Chile _______________________________________________________
7. The homeless were provided with blankets and food by the volunteers.
The volunteers _______________________________________________________________
8. Due to the heavy rains on the hills, water in the lake started to rise.
As it _______________________________________________________________________

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 REVIEW 3
I. Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the others.
1. A. tsunami B. state C. castle D. pollutant
2. A. poison B. disaster C. disease D. consider
3. A. land B. permanent C. natural D. contaminate
4. A. legend B. damage C. victim D. severe
5. A. flooded B. happened C. rescued D. changed
II. Choose the word that has different stress pattern.
1. A. atmosphere B. aquatic C. powerful D. temperature
2. A. essential B. equipment C. tornado D. industry
3. A. environmental B. radioactive C. sociology D. contamination
4. A. photography B. territory C. legendary D. temporary
5. A. Japanese B. employee C. historic D. understand
III. Fill in each blank with a suitable word.
1. A typhoon is a type of powerful ________ having a spiral system of violent winds.
2. If we do nothing to stop the ________ warming, we won’t see big changes in the future.
3. We disturb wildlife, ________ air, drop litter and wear out everything beautiful around us.
4. Water pollution is the contamination of ________ of water such as lakes and rivers.
5. Australia is ________ to unique animals like kangaroos and koalas, which are native to Australia.
6. There are about 750 million English ________ in the world, and this number is increasing.
7. In the future, natural disasters will be _____ accurately with the help of technology.
8. When radiation goes into land, air, or water, it is called ________ pollution.
9. Earthquakes can wreak ______ across large areas and cause loss of life or damage to property.
10. If you experience noise pollution for a long time, you can have ________ loss.
IV. Write the correct form of the word in brackets.
1. The scenery in Ireland is ________ to the tourists from the whole world. (attract)
2. Pollution in rivers caused the ________ of about ten million fish or half of the total. (die)
3. When will the charity take food and essential ________ to the refugee camps? (supply)
4. Many families continue to live in their ________ houses or temporary shelters. (damage)
5. ________ such as nitrogen oxide and carbon monoxide are linked to childhood cancer. (pollute)
6. Major cities around the world are facing with ________ gases from vehicles and factories. (poison)
7. The United Kingdom is filled with ________ landmarks for travellers to visit. (icon)
8. ________, Britain has always been linked to the Europe continent. (history)
9. Wild animals lost their habitats due to large-scale environmental ________. (destruct)
10. Earthquakes are one of the most _______ and damaging disasters. (predict)
V. Choose the best answer to complete the sentences.
1. _______ is both the world’s largest island and the world’s smallest continent.
A. Canada B. Australia C. England D. Singapore
2. They reduced street advertisements to free the city from _______ pollution.
A. visual B. view C. scenic D. vision
3. The melting of the earth’s ice masses has increased _______ the burning of fossil fuels.

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 A. since B. despite C. because D. due to
4. Which are the most common natural disasters in Viet Nam, floods or _______?
A. earthquakes B. typhoons C. tornadoes D. tsunamis
5. England has all the facilities that make it _______ to visitors: sights, culture and shops.
A. iconic B. attractive C. symbolic D. essential
6. Utilizing the waste heat of electric power plants can reduce _______ pollution to environment.
A. radioactive B. soil C. thermal D. water
7. England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland together _______ the United Kingdom.
A. produce B. create C. make D. form
8. From traffic noise to rock concerts, loud sounds can cause stress and high blood _______.
A. pressure B. pressing C. presses D. pressed
9. Hundreds of buildings were destroyed when the earthquake _______ the city.
A. buried B. shook C. scattered D. collapsed
10. People in countries like India, Malaysia and the Philippines use English as their _______ language.
A. official B. native C. foreign D. international
VI. Fill in each blank with a suitable preposition.
1. To prepare for natural disasters, we should learn ________ the risks in our area.
2. The factory's poisonous chemical waste was dumped ________ the river.
3. Canadians are native speakers ________ English because they use it as their mother tongue.
4. America has celebrated Thanksgiving Day ________ the fourth Thursday of November since 1864.
5. Native ________ New Zealand, the kea birds are found only in South Island mountains.
6. Water pollution is the contamination of lakes, rivers, oceans, or groundwater, usually ________
human activities.
7. Homeless people have been taken to a safe place where temporary shelter will be provided ______
them.
8. During the summer camp, he used English every day, ________ people from different countries.
9. The crew struggled bravely, but the ship was helpless ________ the power of the storm.
10. A seven-year-old boy was rescued ________ a forest fire by his pet dog.
VII. Write the correct tense or form of the verbs in brackets.
1. If the weather ________ (not, affect) either performers or audience the show will go on.
2. Many of Earth’s volcanoes ________ (erupt) dozens of times in the past few thousand years.
3. The first Philippine flight of the day ________ (leave) at 03:00 pm from Manila to Toronto.
4. The Oscars is a global media event that usually ________ (take place) at the beginning of March.
5. WHO reports that in 2012 around 7 million people ________ (die) as a result of air pollution.
6. What ________ (happen) to the climate if we ________ (stop) emitting greenhouse gases today?
7. Before the storm struck, the fishermen ________ (keep) their boats safely at the dock.
8. Global climate change ________ (already, have) observable effects on the environment.
9. Officials estimate that 70 hectares of forest ________ (destroy) since the fire started.
10. I think you need to put on a coat now because the wind ________ (blow) hard.
VIII. Choose the word or phrase that needs correcting.
1. The whole food chain affected by the over-use of fertilizers and pesticides in agriculture.
A B C D

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2. In Norway half of new cars registered are now electric, and gas-powered cars are banned
A B C D
within this decade.
3. The British Culture event lasted a week, but it is open only for five days to the general public.
A B C D
4. If we stop burning fossil fuels, global warming will eventually melt all the ice at the poles.
A B C D
5. Wellington was built on land that was emerged from the sea after an earthquake about
A B C D
150 years ago.
6. The low quality of air in the cities are caused by a growing number of cars and heavy industry.
A B C D
7. Her mind was full of what had happened the night before, and she just wasn’t concentrated.
A B C D
8. Farmers and gardeners in the southern provinces have been badly affected from the drought.
A B C D
9. Natural disasters would be less likely to happen when climate change weren’t a main factor.
A B C D
10. Would the world be much better if everyone speaks the same language?
A B C D
IX. Choose the best answer to complete the sentences.
1. Attempts _______ to resolve the problem of water pollution in the area now.
A. are made B. are being made C. were made D. have been made
2. It is estimated that oil _______ approximately 55 years unless we _______ some more.
A. would last - found B. would last - find C. will last - found D. will last - find
3. The residents _______ any proper training before the fire _______ nearly a week ago.
A. haven’t had - raged B. didn’t have - had raged
C. hadn’t had - raged D. didn’t have - raged
4. Clothes and blankets _______ among the refugees by the military by 12 o’clock last night.
A. had been distributed B. distributed
C. were distributed D. have been distributed
5. If food wastage _______ a country, it _______ the third largest emitting country in the world.
A. was - will be B. were - would be C. is - would be D. is - will be
6. The Great Lakes in North America _______ polluted since 18th century when people _______ lakes
and rivers to dispose of waste.
A. became - had used B. became - used
C. have become - used D. had become - have used
7. The Everyday and Extraordinary exhibition _____ at Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery on 9th
June.
A. opens B. has opened C. will open D. is opening
8. _______ any warnings before Anak Krakatau volcano in Indonesia _______ on 11th April, 2020?
A. Were there - had erupted B. Had there been - erupted

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 C. Have there been - erupted D. Were there - erupted
9. If water shortage and pollution problems _______, agricultural production _______ significantly.
A. reduced - would improve B. were reduced - will improve
C. reduce - will be improved D. were reduced - would improve
10. The victims _______ a long wait in freezing conditions before they _______ the next morning.
A. had had - were rescued B. have had - are rescued
C. have - will be rescued D. had - were rescued
X. Write questions for the underlined parts.
1. Canada is larger than the USA.

2. Ben Nevis, which is the highest mountain in Great Britain, is 1344 metres high.

3. I chose to study English because it’s spoken throughout the world.

4. No, I’ve never been to any famous school in England.

5. The Maori’s language and culture have had impact on New Zealand life.

6. The Maori in New Zealand greet each other by touching noses.

7. The United States declared independence on July 4th, 1776.

8. Yesterday I was introduced to these new neighbours who came here from Singapore.

XI. Complete the conversation with the sentences from the box.

Is it true that pollution causes deathly diseases?

There must be some solutions to this.
But it's unusual when people have cancers at young age.
Moreover, the area will also be polluted someday if you don't protect it.
I've read about that kind of news for many times.
I really hope so.
Then we all will have healthy life.
Pollution can even lead to other dangerous things such as global warming
and natural disasters.

Brenda: Look at this headline, Steven! “Childhood cancer due to polluted living environment” Steven:
(1) _______________________________________________ It’s not strange to me now.
Brenda: Really? (2) ________________________________________
Steven: Humans have polluted the environment for a long time, so they receive the consequence.
Brenda: (3) ______________________________________________

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Steven: Well, there have been lots of researches proving that polluted air and contaminated food chain
are linked to several diseases including lung cancers, cancers of the digestive organs, and heart
attacks. (4) ________________________________________________
Brenda: Oh, I’ve read some articles about the relation between climate change and some natural
disasters. It’s real and considerable. (5) ________________________________________
Steven: We can choose to live in unpolluted areas, or we should help together to reduce the pollution.
(6) _____________________________________________
Brenda: Living in an unpolluted area? It’s not easy to live conveniently in a clean place which is mostly
a remote area. (7) _______________________________________________ So the better
solution is the second one - reducing pollution to protect the environment.
Steven: Yes. I think everybody knows it. I believe dangerous things like cancers or disasters will
decrease when the world become greener.
Brenda: (8) _______________________________________________
XII. Read the passage and decide whether the statements are TRUE or FALSE.
Natural phenomena can sometimes strike very hard and cause disasters if preventive measures have
not been taken or if some human activities have harmed the natural environment or upset the balance of
the ecosystem.
For instance, too much water that the soil is unable to absorb can cause floods, while too little water
in some regions can lead to drought. But people can make the situation worse, for example when trees
are chopped down and no new ones are planted. This makes the soil very dry and dusty, which can lead
to erosion. When the rains come, there are not enough roots and vegetation to bind the soil together, and
a landslide can occur.
Most wildfires are caused directly or indirectly by people. Farmers, for example, sometimes burn
their fields to get rid of weeds before planting, and the fire can get out of control. Sometimes people are
careless with cigarettes or forget to put out bonfires when they go camping. A little spark is sometimes
all it takes to start a fire.
If we destroy parts of nature such as coral reefs, forests, or fragile mountain plants, we are destroying
the natural barriers that protect us from tsunamis, drought, landslides, floods and other hazards.
1. Natural phenomena strike very hard because people have no preventive measures. ________
2. Natural phenomena had caused disasters before human activities harmed the natural environment.
________
3. Floods can become worse when there are fewer trees in the regions. ________
4. Chopping down trees without planting new ones can result in erosion. ________
5. The soil that has roots and vegetation can lead to a landslide when rains come. ________
6. Most wildfires are caused directly or indirectly by burning fields. ________
7. A wildfire can be caused by a cigarette, a bonfire, or even a little spark. ________
8. Coral reefs, forests, or fragile mountain plants can protect us from tsunamis, drought, landslides,
floods and other hazards. ________
XIII. Fill in each blank with a word from the box.
burning controlled negative deaths factories pollutants matter emit

Air pollution is the addition of gases, chemicals, and particle (1) ________ into the atmosphere. Air
pollution primarily comes from burning fossil fuels such as natural gas, petroleum, and coal. A study
has listed air pollution as the cause of four percent of the (2) ________ in the United States.

85
 Humans are the main cause of air pollution. Industry, including (3) ________ and power plants,
burn large quantities of fuel. (4) ________ coal and petroleum releases sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxide
into the air. Airplanes, boats, and cars burn petroleum, releasing carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide.
The waste in landfills releases methane. Sulfur oxides, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, and
methane all have a very (5) ________ effect on air quality. These (6) ________ can also contribute to
the greenhouse effect.
Some air pollution is not directly caused by humans: for example, animals (7) ________ carbon
dioxide when they breathe, and volcanoes release sulfur oxide. However, most air pollution is linked
directly or indirectly to human activity. This means that air pollution can be best (8) ________ by
modifying human activity to burn a smaller quantity of fossil fuels.
XIV. Reorder the words to make meaningful sentences.
1. If/ New York City/ will/ go/ I/ have/ the USA,/ a/ chance/ to/ to/I/ visit

2. French and English/ Canada/ are/ both/ the/ of/ official languages

3. London/ by/ England’s capital,/ is/ it/ is/ and/ visited/ millions/ of/ each year/ tourists

4. I/ lived/ if/ I/ speak/ speaking/ English/ English/ fluently/ in/ an/ would/ country

5. Famous/ natural beauty,/ a/ Scotland/ is/ for/ culture and tradition/ country/ of/ also

6. Saint Patrick’s Day/ on/ is/ annually/ March 17/ in/ Northern Ireland/ celebrated

7. By the 1770’s,/ Britain/ had/ a number of/ in/ established/ North America/ colonies

8. Although/ most/ is/ well-known/ city,/ Canberra/ actually/ Sydney/ is/ the capital/ Australia’s

XV. Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first one.
1. This is the first time their area has suffered a drought.
Their area hasn’t _____________________________________________________________
2. The residents will practise a plan of rescue for a typhoon.
A plan of rescue for a typhoon __________________________________________________
3. The guidelines for evacuation will be useless if people don’t read and follow them.
Unless people _______________________________________________________________
4. It’s my opinion that you should prepare a first-aid-kit box.
If I were ____________________________________________________________________
5. It was such a strong tsunami that thousands of people were killed.
The tsunami was so ___________________________________________________________
6. The firemen spent three days putting out the forest fire.
It took _____________________________________________________________________
7. Another solution to reduce air pollution in the city might be proposed soon.
They might soon _____________________________________________________________
8. Aquatic animals have died because of the polluted water.

86
If the water weren’t ___________________________________________________________

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 UNIT 10: COMMUNICATION
A. PHONETICS
I. Complete the words with -ity or -itive.
1. pos ________ 6. compet ________ 11. real ________
2. abil ________ 7. mobil ________ 12. intu ________
3. repet ________ 8. sens ________ 13. univers ________
4. electric ________ 9. national ________ 14. cogn ________
5. opportun ________ 10. infin ________ 15. stabil ________
II. Mark the stress in the words.
1. quality 6. prohibitive 11. inquisitive
2. definitive 7. creativity 12. diversity
3. generosity 8. nutritive 13. acquisitive
4. transitive 9. personality 14. necessity
5. community 10. additive 15. fugitive

B. VOCABULARY
I. Put the words or phrases into the correct columns.
using signs, face-to-face meeting, smiling, painting, chatting, giving speech, dancing, writing poems,
using intonation, bowing, sending notes, using codes, sending snail mails, using flowers, singing,
shrugging shoulders, glancing
Verbal communication Non-verbal communication

II. Fill in each blank with a word or phrase from the box.

video conference mobile phone landline phone

message board email chat room texting social media

1. When a(n) ________ is held for informal purposes, it is called a video call or video chat.
2. A(n) ________ a place on a website where you can leave messages for other people to read.
3. ________ transmits audio signal through phone cables, which has been around for more than a
century.
4. Different from a forum, all participants in a(n) ________ have to communicate with each other in real
time.
5. Facebook is the biggest ________ site, with some billion people using it every month.
6. Instead of paying for a stamp and putting a message in an envelope, we can type a(n) ________ on a
computer and sent it through the Internet.

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7. Nowadays, ________ is integrated with advanced functions and can work as a small computer.
8. ________ refers to the creation and transmission of electronic text messages between two or more
mobile devices or computers.
III. Choose the best answer to complete the sentences.
1. Roses are a great choice for those who want to _______ as a sign of love and care.
A. paint a picture B. use signs or codes C. leave a note D. send flowers
2. When I make a _______ to my mother with my smartphone, I can see her on the phone screen.
A. landline phone B. phone call C. video call D. voice call
3. At the current time, humans do not have the _______ capacity to communicate by thought.
A. telepathy B. holography C. cyberworld D. network signal
4. A _______ refers to an obstacle in communications between different languages or dialects.
A. language barrier B. body language
C. communication failure D. cultural difference
5. Music is a universal language of a _______ form of communication which is rich in expression.
A. verbal B. non-verbal C. spoken D. multimedia
6. Students can call or _______ the school for information about the academic year.
A. blog B. post C. email D. code
7. A(n) _______ is one where all the participants are physically in the same place.
A. video conference B. online discussion
C. chat room D. face-to-face meeting
8. _______ represents the importance of proper online manners and behaviours.
A. Signs B. Codes C. Table manner D. Netiquette
9. The school has a variety of internal _______ such as message boards, blogs and newsletters.
A. social media B. communication channels
C. network D. technologies
10. I know he was in a hurry because he _______ while we were talking to his friends.
A. glanced at his watch B. shrugged his shoulders
C. gave a big smile D. raised his fists
IV. Write the correct form of the word in brackets.
1. Social media is an important means of ________ in many countries nowadays. (communicate)
2. My friend sent me all the ________ in her address book by mistake. (contact)
3. This application’s features include video ________ and live streaming that’s secure and easy to use.
(conference)
4. Students should learn to engage with others in an international school even if they experience cultural
________. (differ)
5. The network provider received complaints both ________ and in writing for bad services. (verbal)
6. Information technologies have been applied to produce ________ educational programs. (interact)
7. When communicating, a ________ transmits information through a communication channel to a
receiver. (send)
8. ________ advances in computing and telecommunications make our life more convenient.
(technology)
9. The secretary said that she would email the report to her director as an ________. (attach)

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10. They had contacted by ________ each other for six months before they actually met. (email)

C. GRAMMAR
I. Write the correct form of the verbs in the future continuous.
1. They ________ (send) us an email about the software updates this time tomorrow.
2. The company ________ (not, use) its own cameras for mobile devices at the end of this year.
3. We ________ (message) in the meeting because I won’t answer voice calls.
4. During the holiday their customer service staff ________ (not, work) in the office, but answering
emails.
5. He won’t be busy this Sunday morning and he ________ (hang out) with his friends in a coffee shop.
6. ________ (they, wear) uniforms celebrating the football team’s victory this Saturday evening?
7. We ________ (thoroughly, check) the system later today at 3 pm and also backing up the database.
8. ________ (you, surely wait) for me at the cinema around the showing time?
9. This website ________ (fully, have) a maintenance for one week from 29th August to 5th September.
10. ________ (the singer, chat) live with Facebook fans on Thursday afternoon?
II. Write the correct form of the verbs in the future simple or future continuous.
1. They ________ (discuss) about the impact of social media from 2.30 pm this afternoon.
2. Sylvie ________ (watch) TV after dinner if she doesn’t have homework to do.
3. They ________ (make) a video call at 3:30 on Friday morning for the interview.
4. No matter what happens, I ________ (still, go) to see Jack at the airport.
5. ________ (Chloe, call) you as much as she calls you here and now?
6. At lunchtime today we ________ (not, talk) about work, but enjoying the meal.
7. ________ (they, train) the employees to compose professional emails?
8. This time next year Michael and his family ________ (visit) Europe.
9. We ________ (find) a better means of communicating in the conference.
10. He ________ (study) at the library tonight, so he won’t see Jennifer when she arrives.
III. Choose the correct answer.
1. He decided (talking/ to talk) to his boss about the situation in a face-to-face meeting.
2. They enjoyed (to converse/ conversing) with someone who spoke their language.
3. He planned (leading/ to lead) the conversation and keep Matt from changing the subject.
4. She hopes (to pass/ passing) the course just by doing all practise tests in the book.
5. Your sister is trying (reading/ to read), so please be quiet or go out for a while.
6. Joe avoided seeing me, but maybe he wouldn’t mind (to speak/ speaking) to me on the phone.
7. How do they intend (dealing/ to deal) with the problem of regular Internet disconnection?
8. She prefers using company desktop (to bring/ to bringing) with her a laptop for work.
9. You don’t need (dressing/ to dress) up just to go out for a cup of coffee - jeans and a T-shirt will do.
10. Mr Henderson was chosen (to represent/ representing) the company at the conference.
IV. Write the verbs in the bare infinitive, gerund, or to-infinitive.
1. Let’s ________ (read) the device’s user manual before connecting the power cable.
2. They’d like me ________ (accept) the picture in payment for my kindness.
3. Students are not allowed ________ (use) calculators with database capability.

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4. I’d rather ________ (send) an email than make a phone call, if that’s convenient for you.
5. We shall be interested in ________ (receive) your comments for this new design.
6. The company has spent thousands of dollars ________ (update) their computer systems.
7. On the way home, Mr Kevin stopped ________ (answer) a phone call from his wife.
8. You’d better ________ (give) us as much detailed information as possible.
9. He’s one of the few comedians who can make me ________ (laugh) out loud.
10. I look forward to ________ (greet) you on your graduation ceremony.
V. Choose the best answer to complete the sentences.
1. In the class starting on next Monday afternoon, we _______ computer codes.
A. will be learning B. will learn C. will be learned D. would learn
2. I want _______ in touch with Jane. Do you have her phone number?
A. to get B. getting C. got D. to getting
3. He _______ the websites using his smartphone if he doesn’t bring a laptop.
A. is surfing B. surfs C. will surf D. will be surfing
4. I’d love _______ with you, but I need _______ my parents for permission.
A. coming - asking B. to come - asking C. coming – to ask D. to come - to ask
5. Some companies _______ their new technologies at the fair on Saturday afternoon.
A. will present B. are presenting C. will be presenting D. present
6. I think that she _______ a busy time with new customers in the next project.
A. is probably having B. will probably be having
C. probably has D. will probably have
7. She tried _______ him angry, but she couldn’t help _______.
A. not make - to laugh B. not to make - laughing
C. to not make - laughing D. not making - to laugh
8. Look at the timetable! The TV station _______ two football matches live at 2:45 am.
A. transmits B. will be transmitting C. will be transmitted D. will transmit
9. Mr Thomas is not in the office. Would you _______ a message?
A. like leaving B. like to leave C. like to be leaving D. like to be left
10. Remember _______ them on Sunday - they _______ their weekend break.
A. not contacting - will have B. not contact - will be having
C. no contact - are having D. not to contact - will be having

VI. Choose the word or phrase that needs correcting.

1. The majority of young people seem to prefer social media to book and newspaper.
A B C D
2. Small group teaching allows students interact, discuss and ask questions, which
A B
maximizes integration of learning.
C D
3. We will stay with our current system, but a detailed technical chart will be providing
A B C

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 later for reference.
D
4. Communicate in real time is the desired capacity of communication in the future
A B C
with the help of advanced technologies.
D
5. We will be using modern communication devices, which will keep changing the way
A B C
we live our lives.
D
6. Our pen-friends usually write to each other to keep on touch, and the letters are
A B C
always answered.
D
7. My cousin spends nearly all her time either on phone or texting her friends.
A B C D
8. By 2070, around third of the world’s population will be stayed in extremely hot areas.
A B C D
9. As Artificial Intelligence technology continues to evolve, I predict that it will become
A B C
more popularly.
D
10. We will be attending an extra English class at 1:30 pm tomorrow, so we will join the
A B C D
football match with you.

D. SPEAKING
I. Match the sentences.
1. He sent me a bouquet of flowers to say sorry. a. Yes, they took a bow and promised to come.
2. Could you help me to fix the connection error? b. No, I can’t. How about you?
3. I don’t know why my phone didn’t receive c. Let’s me try another call.
your call. d. Yes, three-dimensional images and videos
4. What happened? I couldn’t call you last night. look so real and attractive.
5. I think holography will come true someday. e. Yes. Wait a moment!
6. Have you ever heard of telepathy? f. So did you forgive him?
7. Did they accept your invitation? g. I couldn’t call you either. My phone battery
8. I like watching 3D films. They are amazing! was flat.
9. Can you communicate by codes? h. Now they are rarely used.
i. Yes, I have. It’s a means of future
communication.
10. People can only send snail mails in the past.
j. But what is holography?

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II. Reorder the sentences to make a conversation.
Do you mean we should keep us away from the Internet and social media?
You’re right. Being addicted to these kinds of things is not good at all.
The Internet and social media also have negative side and we are easy to be affected by the
incorrect information. Do you think so?
Yes, I do. It’s hard to know what is right or wrong on the Internet. We must keep ourselves safe
on there.
1 Look at those people! They are all holding a phone.
But they should talk instead of looking at the phone screen.
Oh, that’s not strange. I see it every day. Some people sit together in a coffee shop doing nothing
but using a smartphone.
No, I don’t. I mean we need to use them wisely. We should ask for help and direction if we’re not
sure about something. And we mustn’t be addicted to the virtual life.
Well, they are actually communicating with each other via the social media applications. Today,
the Internet and social media not only allow people to interact with each other but also provide a
huge source of information in all aspects of life. So they will open their smartphone or laptop
whenever they’re free.

E. READING
I. Read the text and choose the best answer.
Body language is a form of non-verbal communication. Body language is about using behaviour to
communicate. Both people and animals use this form of communication. Part of this behaviour is done
subconsciously, and body language signals happen on both a conscious and unconscious level. It is
therefore different from communicating using sign language, for example. Communication using sign
language is intentional, body language is not. The forms of behaviour used in body language include
body posture, gestures, facial expressions, and eye movements. Body language may provide clues as to
the attitude or state of mind of a person. For example, it may indicate aggression, attentiveness, boredom,
a relaxed state, pleasure, amusement, and intoxication.
Body language is significant to communication and relationships. It is relevant to management and
leadership in business and also in places where it can be observed by many people. It can also be relevant
to some outside of the workplace. It is commonly helpful in dating, mating, in family settings, and
parenting. Although body language is non-verbal or non-spoken, it can reveal much about your feelings
and meaning to others and how others reveal their feelings toward you.
1. What is the main topic of the first paragraph?
A. Body language and behaviours
B. Body language and the using of its forms of behaviour
C. Definition of body language
D. Body language and communication using signs
2. According to the first paragraph, body language _________.
A. is not used by animals B. cannot indicate people’s mind
C. only happens consciously D. is not intentional
3. The word “observed” in the second paragraph can be best replaced by ________.
A. seen B. used C. showed D. communicated

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4. Which of the following is true according to the second paragraph?
A. Body language is unimportant to communication and relationships.
B. Body language is not relevant to management and leadership inside of the workplace.
C. Body language is very relevant to relationships outside of work.
D. Body language cannot show feelings to other people.
5. As we learn from the passage, which of the following can be seen as an example of body language?
A. Shouting to cheer in a race B. Bowing to greet someone
C. Posting comments on the social media D. Making a phone call to a friend

II. Choose the best answer to fill in each blank.

Have you ever wondered how the first humans communicated? Scientists do not know exactly when
the first language was developed, (1) ________ they do know that humans have always had the ability
to communicate.
The first written types of communication were drawings, recorded on animal skins, cave walls,
pottery or wood. These (2) ________ recorded details about daily life, such as hunting, religion and
food. The earliest known cave paintings are from 40,000 years ago. Even before that, though, people
used jewellery, paint colours or beads to express meaning. The first written communication was in the
(3) ________ of marks and symbols – recorded more than 9,000 years ago. Ancient Egyptians used
symbols called hieroglyphs over 5,200 years ago. They recorded their (4) ________ on stone or metal
tablets, or papyrus, which is a paper made from plant fibres. The written Chinese language contains over
80,000 different symbols, although most people use about 5,000.
Today, there are over 6,000 languages (5) ________ in the world. In Papua New Guinea alone, over
800 languages are spoken.
1. A. so B. although C. and D. but
2. A. drawings B. types C. skins D. walls
3. A. form B. means C. record D. method
4. A. texting B. saying C. writing D. speaking
5. A. told B. spoken C. said D. talked

F. WRITING
I. Write complete sentences using the cues given.
1. We/ try/ phone/ you/ last night/ but/ can’t/ get through

2. We/ still/ use/ same operation software/ this time next year

3. Bill / just/ decide/ have/ a face-to-face talk/ his friend/ about/ misunderstanding

4. He/ now/ stay/ home/ but/ he/ go/ a cinema/ me/ 7.15 pm

5. She/ spend/ most of yesterday evening/ chat/ one of my friends

6. They/ not/ work/ face-to-face/ an office/ any more/ 2050

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7. I/ enjoy/ read/ your letters/ and/ look forward to/ continue/ two-way communication

8. humans/ communicate/ each other/ use/ mind/ near future?

II. Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first one.
1. Why don’t we learn some basic sign language now?
Let’s _______________________________________________________________________
2. She’s willing to work late to complete the task.
She doesn’t mind _____________________________________________________________
3. It’s necessary for him to book an appointment with the dentist.
He needs ___________________________________________________________________
4. Could I have your name and your phone number please?
I’d like _____________________________________________________________________
5. If you use this word too often, your text will become repetitive.
Don’t use ___________________________________________________________________
6. Jack didn’t tell Jane his feelings because he was too shy.
Jack was ____________________________________________________________________
7. Buying some flowers to congratulate her is a good idea.
We should __________________________________________________________________
8. They will be having a meeting this time next Monday, won’t they?
Will they ___________________________________________________________________ ?

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 UNIT 11: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
A. PHONETICS
I. Complete the words with im- or un-.
1. ____mobile 6. ____expected 11. ____probable
2. ____usual 7. ____pleasant 12. ____successful
3. ____acceptable 8. ____moral 13. ____memorial
4. ____balance 9. ____suitable 14. ____personal
5. ____pure 10. ____movable 15. ____popular
II. Mark the stress in the words.
1. unable 6. impolite 11. impassable
2. improper 7. unchangeable 12. unfortunate
3. uncommunicative 8. unnecessary 13. impractical
4. impossible 9. immature 14. imperfect
5. unavailable 10. impatient 15. unrealistic

B. VOCABULARY
I. Rewrite the words by adding -er, -or, or -ist to each word to form a noun indicating people.
1. design ______________ 6. biology ______________
2. create ______________ 7. operate ______________
3. research ______________ 8. transport ______________
4. pharmacy ______________ 9. type ______________
5. edit ______________ 10. direct ______________
II. Match the words with their definition.
1. doctor a. a person who studies the buildings, graves, tools, and other objects of
people who lived in the past
2. chemist b. a person who takes an active part in the protection of the environment
3. physicist c. a person who studies chemistry, or a scientist who works with chemicals
or studies their reactions
4. archeologist d. a person who has invented something or whose job is inventing things
5. explorer e. a person with a medical degree whose job is to treat people who are ill or
hurt
6. engineer f. a person who studies one or more of the natural sciences
7. software developer g. a person who travels to unknown places in order to find out more about
them
8. conservationist h. a person who studies physics or whose job is connected with physics
9. scientist i. a person whose job is writing programmes for computers
10. inventor j. a person whose job involves designing and building engines, machines,
roads, bridges, etc.
III. Fill in each blank with a word or phrase from the box.

laboratory benefits scientific progress economic development

field researchers machines flying cars technique science subjects

1. Beside ________, many engineers are working on flying motorcycles.

2. His work in the ________ of physics has been highly commended by many scientists.

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3. ________ have invented a structure that helps prevent robots from getting out of control.
4. The company has developed a new ________ for detecting errors in the manufacturing process.
5. Christopher finds physics much more difficult than other ________.
6. They are providing funds and technical assistance for ________ in rural areas.
7. The ________ of their new technology would surely be much more than the risks.
8. Applying ________ into life means we bring advances of science to reality.
9. These ________ are completely automatic, you only need to press start-stop button.
10. ________ tests and experiments with rats show that the new drug is very effective.
IV. Choose the best answer to complete the sentences.
1. She has spent the last four years studying for a degree in science and _______.
A. technique B. technology C. technicality D. technologist
2. Do you know who Alexander Graham Bell is? - He is the inventor of the _______.
A. light bulb B. flying car C. telephone D. steam engine
3. The _______ took out her tooth and asked her to come back again for further treatment.
A. chemist B. dentist C. doctor D. physicist
4. Mastering English interactive skills and having a degree in computer are the _______ to his success.
A. key B. advance C. cause D. progress
5. The object of their expedition was to _______ the source of the River Nile.
A. produce B. invent C. discover D. develop
6. Can humans survive on _______ containing all the vital nutrients, instead of food?
A. nutrition pills B. chemicals C. medicine D. normal food
7. _______ products are chemical compounds or substances produced by living organism.
A. Artificial B. Natural C. Biological D. Man-made
8. He is a famous _______ who has guided excavations in the pyramids for a long period of time.
A. inventor B. historian C. explorer D. archeologist
9. _______ Richard tried to move his injured leg, and happily found that he could do so.
A. Mentally B. Medically C. Physically D. Experimentally
10. They sent some technical _______ to maintain the air conditioner system in the building.
A. designers B. producers C. engineers D. developers
V. Write the correct form of the word in brackets.
1. They have trained a number of young ________ for their factory. (technique)
2. Recent advances in ________ science mean that this illness can now be cured. (medicine)
3. The aim of their project is to maximize the machine’s ________ capacity. (product)
4. Scientists are still working on ________ new methods of reaching outer space. (invent)
5. The teacher read out the result of our ________ examination yesterday morning. (chemist)
6. Many ________ are concerned over the effect of commercial exploitation of forests. (conserve)
7. Mr Ferdinand was firmly convinced of the ________ of life on other planets. (possible)
8. This research has a long history in psychology and education but is relatively ________ in the rest of
social science. (develop)
9. The doctor stressed that his new kind of treatment is still ________. (experiment)
10. ________, the country has improved steadily in the past ten years. (economy)

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C. GRAMMAR
I. Write the verbs in the correct form of the future tenses.
1. Don’t either overload the washing machine, or it ________ (not, work) properly.
2. At this time tomorrow the service engineer ________ (help) me to fix the software errors.
3. I think that flying cars ________ (probably, become) popular sometime next century.
4. ________ (it, really be) good for our environment if people use electric cars instead of the ones with
gasoline engines?
5. I may not meet you this Saturday evening because we ________ (go) out for dinner then.
6. He is wrong in thinking that they ________ (support) his researching project financially.
7. The market ________ (decide) if traditional landline telephone has any chance in the future.
8. By 2100 we ________ (live) a different type of life, thanks to the benefits of scientific progress.
9. ________ (robots, replace) humans as the dominant species on Earth in the far future?
10. According to researchers, billions of mobile device users ________ (use) a health care application
by 2030.
II. Choose the correct answer.
1. The workers said that robots (were/ are) replacing them on assembly lines.
2. They said they (might/ may) develop various wireless systems on their hardware platform.
3. He said he’d been so busy (this/ that) afternoon that he’d completely forgotten to call her.
4. She said she (has left/ had left) all worries behind and devoted herself to the study of science.
5. He said that Emily was wearing a brown dress she’d bought (the previous day/ yesterday).
6. My teacher said that Alexander Fleming (had invented/ invented) penicillin in 1928.
7. The secretary said I could leave a note on her desk whenever she wasn’t (here/ there).
8. The reporter said that the government didn’t have the answers to (these/ those) difficult questions.
9. They said they (hadn’t had/ didn’t have) things like televisions and computers in the old days.
10. He said that the Internet signal could (then/ now) be transmitted by satellite.
III. Change the sentences into the reported speech.
1. “We can spend part of our budget on research and development.”
They said that _______________________________________________________________
2. “She has donated money to establish this pharmaceutical laboratory.”
The reporter said that __________________________________________________________
3. “Thomas Edison was born in 1847 and died in 1931.”
He said that _________________________________________________________________
4. “Our country doesn’t have sufficiency of natural resources.”
The President said that ________________________________________________________
5. “My doctor is advising about many things other than medicine.”
Bill said that ________________________________________________________________
6. “We may do another experiment to examine this formula tomorrow.”
They said that _______________________________________________________________
7. “Our mission will explore the planet’s southernmost latitudes.”
The explorer said _____________________________________________________________
8. “Technology will change how we think and live.”
The scientist said that _________________________________________________________

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9. “My brother is now concentrating on a career as a software engineer.”
She said that ________________________________________________________________
10. “Jack and Jim went to a technology fair yesterday afternoon.”
He said that _________________________________________________________________
IV. Choose the best answer to complete the sentences.
1. My brother said via the phone that _______ Sydney for a tour of the world.
A. he is leaving B. he had just left C. he will leave D. he has just left
2. Don’t phone me from 7.30pm to 8.00pm tonight - I _______ dinner then.
A. was having B. will have C. will be having D. have
3. William said that he had visit a famous laboratory _______.
A. last three days B. three days ago
C. three days before D. three days previous
4. Samuel said to his friends that _______ to become a conservationist.
A. they wanted B. he wants C. they had wanted D. he wanted
5. No matter what _______ next, we _______ him in his new project.
A. happens - will support B. will happen - support
C. happened - am going to support D. would happen - am supporting
6. The teacher said that their school _______ new computers in the library.
A. equips B. is equipping C. has equipped D. would equip
7. He said that the company’s website was being designed _______.
A. at this moment B. at that moment C. at the moment D. at moment
8. At 9.00am next Monday, the doctors _______ an important meeting.
A. will attend B. will be attending
C. are attending D. are going to attend
9. Jonathan said to his friend that _______.
A. he is reading a science book now B. he is reading a science book then
C. he was reading a science book now D. he was reading a science book then
10. Susan said, “I usually take the bus to town, but _______ I cycled for a change.”
A. today B. that day C. the day before D. the previous day
V. Choose the word or phrase that needs correcting.
1. The reporter said that astronauts have brought back specimens of rock from the moon.
A B C D
2. Scientists hope the new telescope system will be provided more detailed exploration of Mars.
A B C D
3. The Carters said that they had decided to postpone their holiday until next week.
A B C D
4. She said her manager that she emailed to their partner the week before and she was still waiting
A B C D
for a reply.
5. The software developer said, “I began writing this software the previous month and
A B C

99
 I still haven’t finished it.”
D
6. The exhibition organiser will be holding the open ceremony from nine o’clock
A B C D
tomorrow morning.
7. Michael said to his teacher that he had had a headache that morning, but he was all
A B C
right now.
D
8. “I would certainly continue living here for the foreseeable future,” said my new neighbour.
A B C D
9. In the conference tomorrow morning, the two presidents will be discussing about
A B C
collaborate on satellite projects.
D
10. The author of the article says that solar panels were not comparable in price to wind
A B C D
generators.

D. SPEAKING
I. Reorder the sentences to make a conversation.
I haven’t had one yet. I still prefer a printed book.
Until I can, I’ll stick to my low-tech books.
I like the look of text on a printed page.
You mean that faded text on that yellowed page? On an e-book application, you can adjust the text
size, font, and even line spacing.
But if you haven’t tried it yet, how do you know you wouldn’t like it better? This free e-book
application can store over 10,000 digital books and it’s easily portable. Imagine trying to carry an
entire library from place to place.
The ads aren’t a big problem. You can always skip them with a tap on the phone’s screen.
1 What’s that?
Well, I’m not sure.
I don’t usually read 10,000 books all at once. I hear that there are lots of ads in such applications,
which are the way the application owner is trying to make money. I think I’ll just wait until the
dust settles.
Can I get all of the out-of-print books on my shelves in digital format?
It’s my new e-book application. I’m just downloading some new books onto it. I’ll read books on
my iPad. You know I like something... hi-tech!
II. Complete the conversation with the sentences from the box.

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 Just go ahead with it.
I haven't found a suitable profession for my future.
How about you?
I will try to study first.
Outdoor activities are fun.
And programmers are the ones to create and develop it.
You want to be a computer engineer, don't you?
I see that you might become an explorer or a photographer.

Matthew: What are you reading, Anthony?

Anthony: A book about computer science.
Matthew: (1) _________________________________________
Anthony: Yes, I do. Actually, I want to be a software developer. I will write big applications. Matthew:
Software developer is a great profession these days. Computer software is used not only for
all types of computers but also in many devices that are essential to our daily life. (2)
_________________________________________
Anthony: This work requires a lot of efforts and programming skills, but I love it and I believe my
dream will come true. (3) _________________________________________
Matthew: Oh, programming software is attractive, but I don’t like either sitting in a room or staying at
the same place for too long. I enjoy natural scenes and outdoor activities.
Anthony: Wow! (4) _________________________________________But who do you like to be,
exactly?
Matthew: I don’t know for now. (5) _________________________________________I will need
some pieces of advice for my career when finishing high school.
Anthony: (6) _________________________________________
Matthew: Photography doesn’t sound interesting. I prefer exploration.
Anthony: Good! At least you know what you like. (7) ______________________________________
Matthew: Thanks. I also hope that you will become a great software developer.
Anthony: (8) _________________________________________
Matthew: Me too.

E. READING
I. Read the passage and choose the best answer.
Hardware and software are two terms you’ve probably heard of at some point or another. The odds
are high that you use both on a daily basis, whether it’s with your smartphone or personal computer.
Let’s take a deeper look at what these two things are and why they’re important.
Hardware is any element of a computer that is physical. This includes things like monitors,
keyboards, and also the insides of devices, like microchips and hard drives. Software is anything that
tells hardware what to do and how to do it, including computer programs and apps on your phone. Video
games, photo editors, and web browsers are just a few examples.
Hardware and software are different from each other, but they also need one another in order to
function. The hardware would be the physical phone itself, and the software would be its operating
system and apps. If we were to take away the software, we would just have a dead phone in our hands.
It wouldn’t be able to make calls, text, or go online because it’s not receiving any instructions.

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 On the other hand, let’s say we have no hardware, meaning there’s no actual phone. If all we have
are the programs, we just have a bunch of instructions but nothing to give these instructions to. Hardware
needs software to tell it what to do, but software also needs hardware in order to act out its directions.
When you combine the two, you can do all sorts of things, whether you’re using a smartphone, computer,
or any other type of device.
Technology will continue to evolve. We may not be sure how it will look in 100 years, but hardware
and software will be there serving as its foundation.
1. The second paragraph is mainly about ________.
A. the difference between hardware and software
B. some of the hardware and software of a computer
C. the definition of hardware and software of a computer
D. some facts concerning computer’s hardware and software
2. The word “physical” in the second paragraph mostly refers to ________.
A. material B. natural C. actual D. real
3. What does the author want to imply in the third and the fourth paragraphs?
A. Hardware and its operation system
B. Hardware and software work together
C. The superior role of software to its hardware
D. The way hardware and software function
4. Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A. Some of the hardware inside of a computer are microchips, hard drives, monitors, keyboards...
B. Some of the software of a smartphone are video games, photo editors, cameras, web browsers...
C. When a smartphone is making a call, sending a message, or going online, that means it starts receiving
instructions from the user.
D. A smartphone, a computer, or a similar device must have a functioning software to operate.
5. We can learn from the passage that ________.
A. if there were no software, there would be no hardware
B. if a hardware had no software, it could create one on its own
C. in 2100 humans will still be using technological devices which have both hardware and software
D. we will only use the technological devices that have both hardware and software in 100 years’ time
II. Fill in each blank with a word from the box.
as make machines do washing that because modern

Many people think that in the future robots will (1) ________ all the housework. They talk about
robots (2) ________ will be able to cook and robots that will tell us when we need to go shopping. They
say there will be robots in our shoes that do the hoovering (3) ________ we walk around the house!
People think these robots will exist in ten years, and they think they will (4) ________ a big difference
to our lives. We will all have more free time. But think about your house today. It is already full of (5)
________ ! We don’t call them robots, but they do the housework for us. Do you do the (6) ________
yourself, or do you use a washing machine? Do you do the washing-up yourself, or do you have a dish-
washer? (7) ________ houses are full of machines that help us do the housework every day. We don’t
think they are special (8) ________ they are everywhere. Can you imagine living 50 years ago? The
future will be easy, but housework today isn’t so hard!

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F. WRITING
I. Reorder the words to make meaningful sentences.
1. He/ Valentina Tereshkova/ the/ that/ into/ said/ space/ woman/ to/ was/ first/ travel

2. It/ me/ if/ the/ won’t/ email/ replaces/ completely/ regular mail/ in/ surprise/ near future

3. The students/ future/ the/ means/ finished/ about/ transport/ they/ hadn’t/ survey/ said/ of

4. Will/ use/ for/ special telecommunication lines/ the/ systems?/ they/ video conferencing

5. The scientists/ that/ were/ a/ working on/ said/ vehicle/ which/ like/ looked/ they/ flying cars

6. My elder brother/ a/ be/ in/ university/ will/ this time/ next year/ information technology/ studying

7. Mr Graham/ that/ of/ new/ robot/ their/ one/ the/ for/ the/ smartest machines/ time being/ was/ said

8. The teacher/ experiment/ laboratory/ have/ told/ following/ us/ we/ an/ that/ in/ the/ the/ morning/
wouldn’t

II. Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first one.
1. David said, “Robots can never replace human beings.”
David said that __________________________________________________________________
2. The man found the car’s battery and its interior design attractive.
The man was attracted ____________________________________________________________
3. Will all our current computer equipment be replaced by a moderner device?
Will a _________________________________________________________________________ ?
4. “You have to study harder if you want to be a doctor.”
She told me that _________________________________________________________________
5. My friend said that scientists would explore Mars in the near future.
My friend said, _________________________________________________________________
6. Video call makes it possible for us to see our loved ones every moment.
Thanks to ______________________________________________________________________
7. How long has Mr Andrew worked as an archeologist?
When _________________________________________________________________________ ?
8. “Why don’t you swap the bookcase for the TV?” she said to me.
She said that ___________________________________________________________________

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 UNIT 12: LIFE ON OTHER PLANETS
I. Complete the words with -ful or -less. Some words may have both of them.
1. power ________ 6. air ________ 11. wire ________
2. wonder ________ 7. thought ________ 12. joy ________
3. use ________ 8. motion ________ 13. friend ________
4. weight ________ 9. help ________ 14. skill ________
5. hope ________ 10. breath ________ 15. ground ________
II. Mark the stress in the words.
1. plentiful 6. limitless 11. delightful
2. driverless 7. resourceful 12. regardless
3. pilotless 8. emotionless 13. disgraceful
4. colourful 9. sorrowful 14. purposeless
5. forgetful 10. effortless 15. respectful

B. VOCABULARY
I. Match the words with their descriptions.
1. Earth a. It is the second planet from the Sun and the sixth-largest planet in the Solar
System.
2. Uranus b. It is nicknamed the red planet because it is covered with rust-like dust.
3. Jupiter c. It is the fifth planet from the Sun and the biggest planet of our Solar System.
4. Neptune d. It is the sixth planet from the Sun, with the largest planetary rings in the Solar
System.
5. Mars e. It is the seventh planet from the Sun and the third-largest planet in the Solar
System.
6. Saturn f. It is the farthest planet from the Sun at an average distance of 4.5 billion
kilometres
7. Venus g. It is the closest planet to the Sun and also the smallest planet in the Solar System.
8. Mercury h. It is the third planet from the Sun and the fifth largest planet in the Solar System.
II. Fill in each blank with a word from the box.

weightless aliens NASA astronaut surface

orbit UFO flying saucer traces galaxy

1. A ________ is a round spacecraft that some people believe comes from another planet.
2. Neil Armstrong was the first person to set foot on the ________ of the moon.
3. In the interview, Helen described life in a ________ environment during her period in space.
4. ________ is a US government agency that is responsible for science and technology related to air and
space.
5. The reporter said that a satellite weighing 15 tonnes had been successfully placed in________
6. The discovery of water ________ could help scientists find out whether some form of life existed on
Mars.
7. Some people think that ________ exist in the Solar System and throughout the universe.
8. A ________ is any object flying in the sky which cannot be identified by the person who sees it.
9. Our Sun is just one star among the hundreds of billions of stars in our Milky Way ________

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10. Inside a spacecraft in orbit round the Earth, an ________ could float weightless, hardly in contact
with the floor.
III. Choose the best answer to complete the sentences.
1. In 1957 the Soviet Union launched the first satellite to _______ the earth.
A. move B. orbit C. travel D. fly
2. If _______ existed and were living out there, what types of signals would they send us?
A. scientists B. astronauts C. aliens D. explorers
3. Besides being renewable, solar energy is the _______ energy source on Earth.
A. resourceful B. limited C. countless D. plentiful
4. The Universe contains many billions of galaxies, each containing billions of _______.
A. meteors B. stars C. black holes D. planetary systems
5. NASA’s _______ with special specifications can travel on the moon’s bumpy surface.
A. space buggy B. space shuttle C. space vehicle D. spacecraft
6. The _______ is the centre of the Solar System, making up around 99.86% of the its mass.
A. Earth B. Sun C. Moon D. Mars
7. A _______ is a supposed type of flying craft having a disc-shaped body.
A. comet B. meteor C. UFO D. flying saucer
8. Astronauts can’t breathe in _______ outer space, so they have to wear a spacesuit with an oxygen
tank.
A. weightless B. thoughtless C. powerless D. airless
9. All of the planets in our Solar System, except for _______, were named after Greek and Roman gods.
A. Neptune B. Jupiter C. Earth D. Venus
10. If we don’t take _______ care of planet Earth, it mightn’t be able to support human life someday.
A. appropriate B. essential C. special D. voluntary
IV. Write the correct form of the word in brackets.
1. 25 percent of the world’s population consumes 80 percent of the planet’s ________. (resource)
2. Lack of oxygen is the biggest reason why Mars would be an ________ place for human beings.
(appropriate)
3. The new ________ rocket will help NASA to send cargo to the moon’s orbit. (power)
4. They chose two of their most ________ astronauts for the latest mission to the International Space
Station. (experience)
5. Scientists are searching a planet that can provide the humans with minimal ________ and amenities.
(accommodate)
6. Scientists have conducted many experiments to learn about how human body adapts to ________.
(weight)
7. The word UFO is an abbreviation which comes from the initial letters of the words‘ ________ flying
object’. (identify)
8. At the end of the film, David lost control of the spaceship and it started to spin _________. (control)
9. With help from advanced technology, could the moon develop and maintain a _________atmosphere?
(breathe)
10. Within our own galaxy there are probably tens of thousands of ________ systems. (plane)

C. GRAMMAR

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I. Fill in each blank with MAY or MIGHT.
1. There ________ be extraterrestrial life in our Solar System.
2. We all thought that aliens ________ look like humans.
3. If Vicky had a video of meteors, he ________ not keep it for his own.
4. “If you have finished eating, you ________ leave the table,” my father said.
5. Allen ________ ' be able to come tomorrow, but it’s very unlikely.
6. In each galaxy there ________ be 100 million planets on which life exists.
7. Where there are heat and liquid water, there ________ be life.
8. ________ this New Year bring you happiness and good health!
9. UFO sightings aren’t as common as you ________ think - but they do happen.
10. ________ I go out with Jane for a while, Dad?
II. Complete the sentences in the reported speech.
1. “Why is there no gravity in space?”
Susan asked her teacher _________________________________________________________
2. “How far is it from the earth to the sun?”
Paul asked Helen ______________________________________________________________
3. “Can black holes get smaller?”
Natalie asked Alexander ________________________________________________________
4. “Have you ever seen a UFO?”
Johnson asked Melinda _________________________________________________________
5. “Could there be life on Mars?”
Penelope asked Nicholas ________________________________________________________
6. “Is there actually life somewhere in the Solar System outside Earth?”
Bella asked Nolan _____________________________________________________________
7. “Did intelligent life exist on that planet billions years ago?”
Stella asked Alice _____________________________________________________________
8. “Are we alone in the Milky Way galaxy?”
Chloe asked Grace _____________________________________________________________
9. “What would you say to an alien if you met one?”
Adam asked his sister __________________________________________________________
10. “Which stars did you point your telescope at?”
Eleanor asked me _____________________________________________________________
III. Complete the sentences in the direct speech.
1. Lily asked Eva if there could be life somewhere in the Solar System outside Earth.
Lily asked Eva, “ ______________________________________________________________ ”
2. Xavier asked Robert what Earth would be like in the year 2500.
Xavier asked Robert, “ _________________________________________________________ ”
3. Hazel asked Violet if black holes had had any influence on Planet Earth.
Hazel asked Violet, “ ___________________________________________________________ ”
4. Maverick asked Sebastian how he had got interested in astronomy.
Maverick asked Sebastian, “ _____________________________________________________ ”

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5. She asked me whether there were any interesting films on TV then.
She asked me, “ _______________________________________________________________ ”
6. Lillian asked Vivian which moons in the Solar System could support life.
Lillian asked Vivian, “ _________________________________________________________ ”
7. Leonardo asked Andrew whether black holes couldn’t actually be seen.
Leonardo asked Andrew, “ ______________________________________________________ ”
8. He asked me if I would take part in the discussion about space travel.
He asked me, “ _______________________________________________________________ ”
9. Samuel asked Dominic what aliens would actually look like if they existed.
Samuel asked Dominic, “ _______________________________________________________ ”
10. Scarlet asked Ruby whether it was possible for a black hole to swallow an entire galaxy.
Scarlet asked Ruby, “ __________________________________________________________ ”
IV. Choose the best answer to complete the sentences.
1. The idea that there _______ life on the Moon had fascinated people for centuries.
A. may be B. might be C. can be D. is
2. Charlotte asked Caroline what her favourite films about aliens _______.
A. are B. have been C. were D. will be
3. Stephanie asked her friends where and when _______ the UFO.
A. had they seen B. they had seen C. did they see D. could they see
4. If I were an alien and visited the earth, I _______ be caught by humans.
A. might B. can C. may D. will
5. Hannah asked Alison _______ earth-like planets the Milky Way might have.
A. whether B. if C. how many D. what
6. A future mission _______ help answer some questions _______ there is life on other planets or not.
A. could - if B. will - when C. might - if D. may - whether
7. Santiago asked Gabriel, “What _______ the most distant black hole ever seen?”
A. is B. has been C. had been D. would be
8. _______ you take the best photos of meteors tonight and win the photography contest!
A. Will B. May C. Might D. Can
9. Daniel asked Nolan if he would help him learn about constellations _______.
A. tomorrow night B. the night after tomorrow
C. next night D. that night
10. It is unlikely they _______ be able to soon prove that life _______ beyond the earth.
A. could - existed B. may - had existed C. will - exists D. might - exist

V. Choose the word or phrase that needs correcting.

1. Jason asked Nathan how could people learn about black holes if they trapped both
A B C D
dark matter and light.
2. Astronauts may find life in space, and it’s not at all clear they will know it when they see it.
A B C D

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3. Sarah asked Abigail if scientists have discovered more than 4,000 planets outside the
A B C D
Solar System.
4. Not all UFO sightings have been proven fake, which means there might not be stories
A B C
of real UFO sightings out there.
D
5. Scientists said that they estimated the age of the universe by using the movement of
A B C
stars to measure their expanding speed.
D
6. Powering by dark matter, dark stars are hypothetical objects that may have inhabited
A B C
the early universe.
D
7. Parker asked Anthony whether the whole universe would be eventually swallowed up
A B C
by black holes.
D
8. The human race shouldn’t give up on the hope that someone out there maybe able to
A B C D
talk to us one day.
9. He asked if there might be liquid water in geological formations not far below the
A B C D
surface of Mars or not.
10. Naomi asked Henry what kind of life might exist on planets that were far away from us.
A B C D

D. SPEAKING
I. Match the sentences.
1. Have you seen the film Ad Astra yet? a. Can you prove it?
2. Is it true that the Sun is a star? b. There’s no life on it.
3. I don’t like films about alien. It’s scary! c. Is it the second planet from the Sun?
4. How far is it from the Moon to Earth? d. Really? In which school will you study?
5. Venus is usually called the Morning Star and the e. It’s about 384.400 km.
Evening Star.
6. Is there life on Mars? f. Yes. I think they are humans’ secret
7. I think most of the UFOs are man-made objects. weapons.
8. I think that aliens are real, and they are living g. No, I haven’t. What is it about?
somewhere in the Solar System. h. Yes, it is.
9. I wish that I could visit the Moon. i. Neither do I.

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 10. I will study astronomy in university. j. Oh, it might come true if you have a clear
plan for it.
II. Reorder the sentences to make a conversation.
There are neither spaceships nor rockets that can travel as fast as light speed, you know!
Oh, over 2000 planets outside the Solar System have been identified, many of which are believed
to be habitable. That’s real, not fictional.
Not in this century!
Yes, I have. Sometimes I dreamt of life outside the earth when I watched science-fiction movies
and read articles or books about astronomy. But I think humans won’t be able to live on another
planet.
Why not?
1 Have you ever thought of living on another planet?
Because it’s too far from us. It would take us light-years to reach a habitable planet with the
existing technology, supposing that we find one.
Yes, I know. But I believe scientists will invent a super spaceship or a time machine which helps
to reduce the time they travel in space.
What is the closest habitable planet to Earth then? How far is it?
In August 2016 astronomers announced the discovery of a rocky planet in the habitable zone of
Proxima Centauri, which is the closest star to our Solar System. The planet is located
approximately 4.2 light-years from Earth.

E. READING
I. Read the following passage and decide whether the statements are TRUE or FALSE.
The word alien is a popular word for an extraterrestrial life-form, or a being from another planet.
No one knows whether there is life elsewhere in the universe. But some scientists think that it is possible.
Whether life exists on other planets or not, the idea of aliens has excited people for years. Lots of
people enjoy science fiction stories about aliens - also called extraterrestrials. Some believe that aliens
actually have visited Earth. Many people have reported seeing unusual objects in the sky. Some think
that these UFOs are alien spaceships. The presence of aliens on Earth has never been proven, however.
Most scientists believe that for another planet to have life on it, it must be similar to Earth in several
ways. It is likely to need an atmosphere and water. It also must orbit a star, like the Sun, at a good
distance. This star would provide the right amount of light and heat for life to exist.
Scientists have studied planets and moons in our Solar System to see if they can support life. Space
probes have searched for traces of bacteria or other tiny living things on Mars. Some scientists are also
looking for the possibility of life outside our Solar System. Using radio telescopes, they hope to capture
signals from intelligent aliens.
So far, no evidence of extraterrestrial life has been found. However, scientists have discovered
hundreds of planets that orbit distant stars. Some of these planets are an ideal distance from their stars,
and some are roughly the size of Earth. It may be possible that life has developed on one or more of
them.
1. No one knows for sure that there is life on other planets, excluding scientists. ________
2. There is actually no extraterrestrial life-form in the universe. ________
3. Both “aliens” and “extraterrestrials” refer to life existingon other planets.
4. Many people have seen UFOs but they couldn’t prove that the UFOs are connected to aliens.
________

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5. Scientists believe that there would be another planet like Earth. ________
6. To support life a planet need to have an atmosphere and water and provide an amount of light and
heat. ________
7. Scientists haven’t found any traces of extraterrestrial life on the moons in the Solar System. ________
8. Scientists said that they had discovered some other planets on which life would be able to develop.
________
II. Fill in each blank with a word from the box.

size spacecraft since temperatures orbit

gravity surface colour height longer

FACTS ABOUT MARS

Named after the Roman God of war, Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun in our Solar System.
Mars is also known as the ‘Red Planet’ because it’s red. This signature (1) ________ comes from the
large amount of a chemical called iron oxide in its rocks and soil.
Mars is the second smallest planet in the Solar System after Mercury. With a diameter of 6,791
kilometres, it’s roughly half the (2) ________ of Earth.
It can get pretty cold on Mars - much colder than our own planet, (3) ________ it’s further away
from the sun. At the equator, (4) ________ can reach 20°C, but at its poles they can drop down to as low
as -140°C.
Mars is home to the highest mountain in our Solar System - a volcano called Olympus Mons.
Standing a whopping 24 kilometres high, it’s about three times the (5) ________ of Mount Everest.
You could jump around three times higher on Mars than you can on Earth. This is because the
planet’s (6) ________ - the force that keeps us on the ground - is much weaker.
Mars has two moons. One is called Phobos and the other Deimos. A day on Mars is 24 hours and
37 minutes - only a little bit (7) ________ than a day on our own planet. A year on Mars, however, is
almost twice as long, lasting 687 Earth days. This is because it takes a lot longer than Earth to complete
its (8) ________ around the Sun.
Until recently, scientists believed that there was no liquid water on the (9) ________ of Mars - only
rocks, soil dust and ice. In 2018, however, they found evidence of a lake under the planet’s south polar
ice cap.
Humans have not yet been to Mars, but scientists have sent (10) ________ there to help them
research this fascinating planet. The first spacecraft to land on Mars was the Viking Landers, which
touched down on the surface in 1976.

F. WRITING
I. Reorder the words to make meaningful sentences.
1. They/ water and oxygen/ whether/ Mars and its moons/ there/ on/ asked/ were

2. We/ many/ how/ solar/ know/ galaxy/ systems/ don’t/ are/ in/ there/ each

3. She/ Solar System/ could/ if/ name/ her younger brother/ all planets/ in/ the/ asked

4. The professor/ on/ Solar System’s history/ the/ a/ had/ huge/ influence/ said/ Jupiter/ that

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5. A/ travelling/ surface/ a/ the/ is/ vehicle/ the/ for/ of/ used/ on/ space buggy/ moon

6. He/ to/ asked/ planet/ travel/ more easily/ one/ humans/ be/ from/ would/ when/ to/ able/ another

7. There/ is/ a/ of/ circling/ field/ Saturn/ appears/ rings/ ice and rock debris/ as/ that

8. Scientists/ moons,/ have/ any/ doesn’t/ Venus/ they/ sure/ aren’t/ why/ say/ that/ and

II. Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first one.
1. Mercury is the smallest and closest planet to the Sun.
No planets ____________________________________________________________________
2. The spacecraft might not land on Mars successfully as they expected.
The spacecraft probably _________________________________________________________
3. People name the planets in the Solar System after the Roman Gods.
The planets ___________________________________________________________________
4. You should look towards the southern sky to see the meteors.
If I __________________________________________________________________________
5. He said to me that he would go to the lecture about aliens the next morning.
He said to me, _________________________________________________________________
6. She likes reading science books more than watching science-fiction movies.
She prefers ____________________________________________________________________
7. “Why didn’t you take some photos of the lunar eclipse last night?” said his sister.
His sister asked ________________________________________________________________
8. It was such a long journey that we all were asleep by the time we arrived.
The journey ___________________________________________________________________

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 REVIEW 4
I. Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the others.
1. A. language B. message C. surface D. accommodate
2. A. machinery B. technique C. chemistry D. archeologist
3. A. god B. telephone C. doctor D. software
4. A. codes B. aliens C. robots D. UFOs
5. A. shuttle B. Venus C. shrug D. buggy
II. Choose the word that has different stress pattern.
1. A. universe B. waterless C. immobile D. plentiful
2. A. impossible B. unpopular C. informative D. interactive
3. A. unidentified B. uncomfortable C. capability D. multimedia
4. A. economic B. unimportant C. competitive D. ineffective
5. A. connectivity B. communicative C. immediately D. laboratory
III. Fill in each blank with a suitable word.
1. He said that many people would prefer to communicate by using ________ media.
2. Michael and I tried to call you lots of times last night but we couldn’t ________ through.
3. Body language, eye ________ and facial expression can tell us much more than words.
4. ________ developers create the applications or systems that run on a computer or another device.
5. Do you know that everything floats uncontrollably in a ________ environment?
6. He thinks robots will bring both positive and ________ effects to people in the future.
7. Vostok 1 is the name of the ________ in which Yuri Gagarin flew into outer space.
8. I think it is possible for us to ________ up with the latest development in computing.
9. Many researchers said that teachers would never be ________ by computers in the classroom.
10. Thomas Edison was responsible for more than one thousand ________ including the electric light
bulb and the record player.
IV. Write the correct form of the word in brackets.
1. The two companies have closely cooperated in the ________ of a new car battery. (develop)
2. Albert Einstein and Nikola Tesla were two of the greatest ________ of the world. (invent)
3. ________ research is claimed to be the source of the high standard of living. (Science)
4. Both the young and the elderly prefer to use video ________ to keep in touch with their family. (chat)
5. It’s ________ and unthinkable for them to launch the spacecraft without manufacturing rockets.
(possible)
6. Future homes will have ________ energy saving devices such as solar panels and solar windows.
(advance)
7. Techniques of energy ________ have been used in developed countries for a long time. (conserve)
8. This data package is great - I could opt to pay a flat rate for ________ Internet access. (limit)
9. The young astronaut felt himself so ________ attracted by the opportunity to fly into space. (power)
10. She found it hard to ________ her feelings towards both her family and her friends. (verbal)
V. Choose the best answer to complete the sentences.
1. Shaking hands is an ancient manner of greeting each other in a _______ meeting.
A. regular B. multimedia
C. video-conferencing D. face-to-face

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2. University of British Columbia has announced the _______ of a new planet that is potentially
habitable.
A. discovery B. invention C. exploration D. research
3. The essential elements of a telephone are a microphone to speak into and an earphone which
reproduces the _______.
A. sound B. voice C. code D. sign
4. Most of the secretaries spend a significant portion of their day reading and _______ emails.
A. texting B. contacting C. composing D. communicating
5. Do you know who invented penicillin that saved lots of lives? - _______.
A. Tim Berners-Lee B. Sir Alexander Fleming
C. Bill Gates D. The Wright brothers
6. He knows many scholars who are interested in poetry and painting, as well as maths and _______.
A. demography B. astrology C. psychology D. astronomy
7. He started a new job as a maintenance _______ after completing his course.
A. technician B. technique C. technology D. technologist
8. Fire requires oxygen, but most stars are giant balls of fire floating in _______ outer space.
A. weightless B. airless C. landless D. waterless
9. Scientists say that tiny _______ might be invented to help people live longer.
A. anti-ageing pills B. cure C. medical care D. nutrition pills
10. He was amazingly inventive and _______, and played a major role in their organization.
A. inactive B. interesting C. resourceful D. uncreative
VI. Fill in each blank with a suitable preposition.
1. The fifth planet ________ the Sun is Jupiter, which is also the largest planet in the Solar System.
2. The teacher said that we would just stay at home and learn ________ the Internet.
3. She asked him if he was reading a science fiction book ________ life on other planets.
4. My best friend asked me what I thought would happen ________ Earth in the future.
5. Using body language is an effective way ________ communication as long as you understand it.
6. Brian showed his love and care to his friends ________ sending lots of flowers and presents.
7. Future homes will take advantage ________ robots to do chores such as cleaning and cooking.
8. They decided to have a video conference ________ their colleagues in other cities.
9. There are so many science books here, but I can only borrow three ________ a time.
10. He said telepathy used a tiny device placed ________ our head to send and receive signals.
VII. Write the correct tense or form of the verbs in brackets.
1. Scientists say that in the future people ________ (live) longer with the help of anti-ageing pills.
2. The girl said to her friend, “I ________ (stop) by the post office yesterday morning to check the mail.”
3. She tried hard ________ (think) back and remember exactly what she’d said the moment before.
4. It was such a fantastic film that the crowd didn’t mind ________ (pay) for the expensive ticket.
5. The engineers assume their space missions ________ (use) reusable rockets for spaceships by 2050.
6. They spent more time and money ________ (look) for another habitable planet than in trying to protect
the earth.
7. He asked if Mr Harrier’s operation ________ (be) successful and the doctor told him a good news.
8. Is it true that only some of the stars of the Milky Way ________ (still, live) a century from now?

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9. She hasn’t phoned me, even though she said it ________ (be) her first thing to do when she came
home.
10. The machine wasn’t running, but the maintenance technician felt helpless ________ (find) the error.
VIII. Choose the word or phrase that needs correcting.
1. Mr. Albert said his co-workers, “It’s possible that there may be life elsewhere and we
A B C
will find it someday.”
D
2. What I dislike most is have to watch advertisements when using social media or
A B C
surfing websites.
D
3. Xavier told me that, up to now, he had been to many famous technology exhibitions
A B C D
in the world.
4. Signs are used by not only the deaf but also those who are unable to physical speak
A B C
and children of deaf adults.
D
5. The author of the article says that as much as six billion stars may have earth-like
A B C D
planets in our galaxy.
6. You’d better to think twice before buying a new smartphone as I see your current one
A B C
is still up-to-date.
D
7. He told us he might be ready to help us in the project about history of the universe,
A B
but he may not.
C D
8. Researchers will study how the space environment to alter the surfaces of airless bodies
A B C D
like the Moon.
9. Harrison said when I arrived at the airport that evening, he would wait at the exit gate.
A B C D
10. Is telephoning cheaper than meeting face-to-face mainly because of savings on
A B C
travelling expenses?
D
IX. Choose the best answer to complete the sentences.
1. My friend asked me if that was the video I _______ the day before.

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 A. had mentioned B. have mentioned C. am mentioning D. mention
2. I was worried that speaking to her _______ be difficult for me but I found the contrary.
A. may B. can C. might D. should
3. Grace forgot _______ her smartphone with her, so she borrowed mine to make a phone call.
A. takes B. take C. to take D. taking
4. If your machine develops a fault, the company _______ an engineer within three days to fix it.
A. will send B. would send C. could send D. will be sending
5. Many attempts have been made _______ traces of aliens in the Solar System.
A. finding B. found C. to find D. find
6. The reporter asked the officials _______ not launch the satellite the next day due to the bad weather.
A. whether they will B. if they might
C. if they can D. whether they may
7. This option lets the operation system _______ the latest updates automatically.
A. installing B. installs C. to install D. install
8. You _______ enter the security area without authorization, so ask them first.
A. may not B. can’t C. don’t have to D. won’t
9. The science teacher asked his students, “What _______ if you _______ into a black hole?”
A. would happen - fall B. will happen - fall
C. will happen - fell D. would happen - fell
10. Those astronauts said that they _______ the Moon the following decade.
A. will be visiting B. would be visiting
C. will visit D. would be visited
X. Write the question for the underlined parts.
1. No, we won’t be staying at home this Saturday evening.

2. I think humans will eventually be inhabiting Mars by the end of next century.

3. This cable is used for video connection between a computer and a TV set.

4. It will cost millions of dollars to build a plant of solar panels in the desert.

5. I prefer saying hello to taking a bow to greet an acquaintance.

6. It takes me only some minutes to search for this kind of information on the Internet.

7. I won’t be able to go to the cinema with you because I will be having a class.

8. They launched their first spacecraft with the help of NASA.

XI. Complete the conversation with the sentences from the box.

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 That's the one I want to mention.
Have you ever seen speed display on car front glass?
Oh, I like so many things...
All we need to do is using voice control through a small hardware device.
So what do you think a future smartphone will look like?
Will It be as thin as a piece of paper?
What do you mean by having no screen?
It should be touchable!

Emily: Do you like technology devices such as smartphone and computer, Brian?
Brian: Yes, I do. I read news about them all the time.
Emily: (1) _________________________________
Brian: Well, it’s not easy to predict because technology develops every second of every day, but I
think smartphone will be much thinner and easy to be folded.
Emily: (2) _________________________________
Brian: Possibly! The phone might have a plastic screen and its appearance will look like a sheet of A5
paper, or it even won’t have physical screen at all.
Emily: (3) _________________________________ How can we view the information and interact
with others?
Brian: It will have a virtual screen, as in science-fiction films. (4) ____________________________
Emily: I still don’t understand!
Brian: (5) _________________________________
Emily: Ah! It’s called heads-up display for car windshield.
Brian: That’s it! (6) _________________________________ I just wish to have a phone with a screen
like that.
Emily: But smartphone’s screen should be more interactive and nicer. I prefer a smartphone which is
fashionable and real. (7) _________________________________
Brian: Then a foldable and flexible one may satisfy your need. You seem to be a fan of fashion rather
than technology.
Emily: (8) _________________________________
XII. Read the text and choose correct answers.
In recent years, there has been a lot of hype around coding: that it is an invaluable skill everyone
should learn or that it is a field where there is a lot of money to be made. And while there are a lot of
great reasons to learn to code, it might not be the best career choice for everyone. In order to determine
if coding is a good fit for you, you will want to consider a few things.
One thing to think about is the job market. There are a lot of jobs and freelance opportunities out
there for programmers and many of them pay well, but there are even more programmers seeking jobs.
This means that simply knowing how to code is not a sure way to land a job. Employers are looking for
the highest-quality programmers out there.
Like any skill, coding takes dedication and patience to develop. The more time you put into it, the
better you will become. Learning your first coding language might prove to be a long and difficult
process. But the good news is that once you have learned one, others become easier to grasp.
As technology continues to evolve some new jobs will be created, but some of today’s jobs will also
become obsolete. Some argue that it might be a better investment to study growing fields like artificial

116
intelligence and machine learning. On the other hand, learning to code is a great way to gain an
understanding of software from the bottom up, and it can serve as a jumping-off point if you want to
move into these fields in the future.
So should you learn to code? There are a lot of opinions out there, but ultimately it is up to you. If
it seems like something you really enjoy and you are willing to put in the effort, go for it! But if it is
something you are on the fence about, you might want to keep looking. There is a lot of other options
out there, and you will surely find something that is a better fit for you.
- hype (n): cường điệu
- obsolete (adj): lỗi thời
- jumping-off point: vị trí xuất phát, bàn đạp
1. Which of the following best serves the tittle of the passage?
A. Should We Learn To Code?
B. Reasons To Be A Programmer
C. Coding And Your Future
D. Coding: From School To Work
2. The word “land” in the second paragraph can be replaced by ________.
A. search for B. apply for C. have D. lose
3. Which of the following is a negative opinion about learning to code?
A. Coding is a field where there is a lot of money to be made, so it’s advisable to learn it.
B. Learning the first coding language might be a long and difficult process.
C. The more time you put into coding, the better you will become.
D. Learning to code is a great way to gain an understanding of software from the bottom up.
4. According to the passage, it may not be easy to find a job as a programmer ________.
A. because employers always look for the highest-quality candidates
B. if you do not study growing fields like artificial intelligence and machine learning
C. as your desired jobs might soon become obsolete in a short time
D. if you are not really good at coding or just learn to know how to code
5. What is the most importance the author wants to mention after all?
A. You should learn to code because there are a lot of job opportunities with high salary.
B. You should think twice before choosing to learn to code as it takes much time and many other
people also learn it.
C. Before choosing to learn to code you should consider whether you really like it or not.
D. There are a lot of coding languages, so it is hard for you to study them all.
XIII. Fill in each blank with a word from the box.

so falling orbits diameter atmosphere

although objects tail made comets

When learning about space it can sometimes be difficult to know the difference between all of the
amazing (1) ________ out there. The following terms are often confused with each other, (2) ________
let’s answer the question: what’s the difference between a comet, asteroid, meteoroid, meteor and
meteorite?

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 (3) ________ there can sometimes be a blurry line between categories, the following definitions
should help you understand the difference between comets and asteroids, why Halley’s Comet is not a
meteorite and more.
Comet - A comet is a relatively small solar system body that (4) ________ the Sun. When close
enough to the Sun they display a visible coma (a fuzzy outline or atmosphere due to solar radiation) and
sometimes a (5) ________.
Asteroid - Asteroids are small solar system bodies that orbit the Sun. (6) ________ of rock and
metal, they can also contain organic compounds. Asteroids are similar to comets but do not have a visible
coma (fuzzy outline and tail) like (7) ________ do.
Meteoroid - A meteoroid is a small rock or particle of debris in our solar system. They range in size
from dust to around ten metres in (8) ________ (larger objects are usually referred to as asteroids).
Meteor - A meteoroid that burns up as it passes through the Earth’s (9) ________ is known as a
meteor. If you’ve ever looked up at the sky at night and seen a streak of light or ‘shooting star’ what you
are actually seeing is a meteor.
Meteorite - A meteoroid that survives (10) ________ through the Earth’s atmosphere and colliding
with the Earth’s surface is known as a meteorite.
XIV. Write complete sentences using the cues given.
1. The teacher/ asked/ how many/ forms/ non-verbal communication/ there/ be

2. He/ wished/ become/ first man/ his country/ travel/ space,/ and/ it/ came/ true

3. The large amount/ water/ make/ earth/ appear/ blue,/ but/ there/ be/ still/ other factors

4. Fred/ told/ us/ that/ he/ might/ come/ help/ us/ upcoming project,/ but/ he/ might/ not

5. She said,/ “Although/ there/ be/ language barrier,/ we/ already/ meet/ many times.”

6. The meeting/ mobile networks/ start/ soon/ and/ host/ hope/ everyone/ attend

7. He/ be/ not/ sure/ his future/ moment,/ but/ he/ said/ he/ will/ study/ computer science

8. How long/ it/ take/ planet Jupiter/ complete/ orbit/ around/ Sun?

XV. Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first one.
1. The new applications are unlikely to prove qualitatively different from the old.
The new applications might not ___________________________________________________
2. The professor doesn’t mind explaining the origins of the universe to the audience.
The professor is willing __________________________________________________________
3. Susan needs to learn how to write an email professionally.
It’s necessary __________________________________________________________________
4. Tim said to his mother, “Will you buy me a watch on my birthday, Mum?”
Tim asked ____________________________________________________________________
5. Will robots replace humans as the dominant species on Earth in the far future?

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 Will humans __________________________________________________________________ ?
6. It took him the whole evening to look up the night sky for meteor.
He spent ______________________________________________________________________
7. They said that they kept a positive attitude to an exploration of planet Venus.
They said, ____________________________________________________________________
8. They had to postpone the video conference because of the Internet disconnection.
Due to _______________________________________________________________________

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 ĐÁP ÁN
UNIT 1
A. PHONETICS
I. 1. pr 2. br 3. br 4. br 5. pr 6. br 7. pr 8. pr 9. pr 10. br 11. br
12. pr 13. br 14. br 15. pr
II. 1. price 2. bracelet 3. bread 4. brush 5. present
6. bridge 7. president 8. Apricot 9. library 10. project

B. VOCABULARY
I. 1. make, collect 2. watch, read 3. play, listen 4. learn, visit 5. have, relax
6. hang out, use 7. socialise, text 8. go, train 9. do, spend 10. skateboard, surf
II. 1. easy 2. just for fun 3. your 4. brother 5. Do you love it?
6. for 7. are 8. as soon as possible 9. way fun 10. going
11. enough 12. love 13. with 14. What about you? 15. and
16. tomorrow 17. face-to-face 18. see you later 19. message 20. wait
III. 1. in 2. on 3. of 4. up 5. for 6. to 7. of 8. with
IV. 1. B 2. A 3. D 4. A 5. B 6. C 7. D 8. A 9. B 10. C
V. 1. reality 2. satisfied 3. socialising 4. harmful 5. enjoyable
6. easily 7. improvement 8. personal 9. performances 10. organisation

C. GRAMMAR
I. 1. chatting 2. learning 3. working 4. seeing 5. sitting
6. riding 7. helping 8. lying 9. doing 10. practising
II. 1. spend 2. surfing 3. become 4. go 5. to stop
6. to buy 7. Play 8. making 9. to travel 10. helping
III. l.B 2. A 3. D 4. C 5.C 6. A 7. B 8. D 9. A 10. B
IV. l.B (know) 2. C (adore cycling) 3. C (does) 4. A (hooked on)
5. D (on/at weekends) 6. B (to) 7. C (feel) 8. A (doesn’t)
9. D (happily) 10. A (In my opinion)

D. SPEAKING
I. - Giving an opinion: In my opinion... I think that... From my point of view... I believe that...
- Asking for an opinion: How do you feel about that? How about you? And you? What do you think?
- Agreeing: I agree with you. Yes, of course. That’s so true. Exactly.
- Disagreeing: Not at all. No, I’m sorry. I don’t think so. I’m afraid I don’t agree.
II. - Wow! Look at this bird. It’s beautiful.
- Thank you, Eric. Do you like it?
- Yes, I do. The folding lines are very smooth and this paper bird looks quite real. Where did you
learn to fold it?
- I learnt it from my cousin. This type of paper folding is called origami.
- Origami? It sounds like a Japanese word.

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 - Exactly. Origami means the art of paper folding, which is often associated with Japanese culture. A
Japanese friend teaches my cousin this art, then she teaches me.
- Now can you teach me to make this?
- Are you kidding?
- No, I’m not. I really want to learn. I’ll fold something and give it to my sister as a present.
- Okay.

E. READING
I. 1. D 2.C 3. A 4. B 5. D
II. 1. hands 2. others 3. practice 4. Both
5. carving 6. arts 7. enjoyed 8. professional

F. WRITING
I. 1. Elizabeth enjoys listening to Vietnamese folk songs’ melodies.
2. He needs to buy some tools to fix the dog house this weekend.
3. Playing online games has both positive and negative effects.
4. Calvin likes reading books, and he doesn’t often surf the Internet.
5. Why don’t you turn off the TV and go out for some fresh air?
6. Hobbies such as playing sports or doing exercise are good.
7. I don’t mind doing homework, but I don’t like to have/ having lots of it.
8. Making crafts helps me improve my patience and carefulness.
II. 1. I am interested in collecting birthday cards.
2. She prefers socialising with friends to watching TV.
3. Both your mind and body can be affected by playing video games.
4. Would you mind helping me with this exercise?
5. Don’t get too attached to your smartphone or you won’t have time for your family.
6. I really enjoy going fishing in the rural areas.
7. He used to be kind of addicted to the Net.
8. Let’s take a break and relax for a while.

UNIT 2
A. PHONETICS
I. 1. bl 2. cl 3. bl 4. cl 5. bl 6. cl 7. bl 8. cl 9. bl 10. cl 11. bl
12. bl 13. cl 14. cl 15. bl
II. 1. clay 2. classical 3. blow 4. blackboard 5. Climate
6. blast 7. blossom 8. climb 9. cloud 10. tablet

B. VOCABULARY
I. 1. fly 2. collect 3. pick 4. ride 5. put up
6. herd 7. run around 8. feed 9. load 10. dry

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II. 1. quiet 2. slow 3. remote 4. unforgettable 5. colourful
6. brave 7. boring 8. heavy 9. dense 10. peaceful
III. 1.A 2.C 3. A 4. D 5. C 6. B 7. B 8. A 9. B 10. D
IV. 1. farming 2. soundly 3. urbanisation 4. nomadic 5. villagers
6. unfriendly 7. freedom 8. convenience 9. running 10. bravery

C. GRAMMAR
I. 1. well 2. traditional 3. densely 4. generous 5. beautifully
6. easily 7. unusual 8. excitedly 9. permanent 10. optimistically
II. 1. more slowly than 2. worse than 3. more interesting than
4. more peaceful than 5. happier than 6. more conveniently than
7. more popular 8. faster than. 9. earlier than 10. harder than
III. 1. B 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. A 6. A 7. B 8. D 9. C 10. C
IV. 1. A (happier) 2. B (picking) 3. A (nomadic) 4. D (living)
5. C (buffalo-drawn carts) 6. B (put/ to put) 7. D (from) 8. C (responsibly)
9. D (much more) 10. B (more/ better)

D. SPEAKING
I. 1. d 2. h 3. j 4. e 5. a 6. c 7. b 8. i 9. f 10. g
II. 1. Where did you spend it?
2. What did you do there?
3. Which activity do you like most?
4. It’s peaceful and quiet, isn’t it?
5. My uncle’s farm isn’t too big but it has many things I like.
6. And I took many photos, but they’re not here now.
7. Do you want to join me next time?
8. I promise I’ll invite you when I get there again.

E. READING
I. 1. TRUE 2. TRUE 3. FALSE 4. FALSE
5. TRUE 6. FALSE 7. TRUE 8. FALSE
II. l. D 2.B 3. C 4.D 5. A

F. WRITING
I. 1. His farm is bigger than other farms in the neighbourhood.
2. Today he behaves less responsibly than he used to.
3. The problem of traffic jams in the city has become worse than ever.
4. My homework is all right, but I could do better than that.
5. Do people live more healthily in rural areas than in the cities?
6. Yesterday Thomas arrived at school earlier than other students.
7. I can fly a kite more easily in the farm than many other places.

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 8. Our village is much less densely populated than your city.
II. 1. A buffalo can plough better than a horse.
2. How vast and green the paddy field is!
3. This is the most colourful flower on the hill.
4. Harry has never ridden a camel before.
5. The flower farm was so beautiful that lots of tourists came to enjoy it.
6. William is not as good at herding the cattle as Brian.
7. People in rural areas talk more optimistically about the future than city people.
8. Despite the heavy rain, he continues collecting rice on the farm.

UNIT 3
A. PHONETICS
I. /sk/: sky, discuss, risky, mask, scout, skirt, schedule
/sp/: space, crisp, transport, spicy, response, despite
/st/: guest, festivity, pasture, costume, instrument, ancestor, stilt
II. 1. A tourist asked the tour guide where to try the speciality.
2. Xoi is our traditional food which is made from steamed sticky rice.
3. The ethnic people usually wear a basket instead of a backpack.
4. They speak their own language and have their own customs.
5. Most students in this school come from far-away villages.

B. VOCABULARY
I. 1. ethnic 2. custom 3. diverse 4. costume
5. unique 6. basket 7. shawl 8. speciality
II. 1. stilt houses 2. folk dance 3. heritage site 4. sticky rice
5. open-air market 6. communal house 7. ethnic minorities 8. terraced fields
III. 1. majority 2. Northern 3. simple 4. spoken
5. traditional 6. deltas 7. important 8. basic
IV. 1. D 2. A 3. C 4. D 5. A 6. B 7. C 8. D 9. C 10. B
V. 1. costumes 2. terraced 3. communally 4. spoken 5. diversity
6. uniqueness 7. specialities 8. ethnologists 9. significantly 10. underdeveloped

C. GRAMMAR
I. 1. When do you want to visit the Museum of Ethnology?
2. What is the Muong famous for?
3. Where do Hoa people mostly live?
4. How do they celebrate Lim Festival?
5. Who designed the exhibition building of the Museum of Ethnology?
6. How many ethnic groups are there in Viet Nam?
7. Which has larger population, the Nung or the Ede?
8. Whose musical instrument is the chapi?

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 9. Why do those men have to wear traditional ao dai?
10. How often do ethnic people in this village wear their traditional clothes in daily activities?
II. 1. The-an-a 2. the-the 3. The - an - Ø 4. Ø - Ø 5. a - Ø
6. an - Ø 7. A - the - an 8. the - Ø 9. The - a - Ø 10. a - the
III. 1. D 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. A 6. C 7. D 8. D 9. B 10. B
IV. 1. C (an) 2. A (Which) 3. A (play) 4. D (do) 5. B (the Cham)
6. B (go) 7. D (hasn’t) 8. B (is led) 9. C (improve) 10. D (Khmer)

D. SPEAKING
I. 1. d 2. c 3. h 4. a 5. j 6. f 7. b 8. i 9. g 10. e
II. - Ms Xinh! May I ask you a question?
- Yes, of course.
- Is it true that you come from Dak Lak province?
- Exactly. Have you ever been there?
- No, I haven’t. Could you tell me a little about it?
- Well, Dak Lak is probably most famous for coffee industry and its distinct ethnic minority groups.
Dak Lak is well-known for gongs and it’s also the hometown of Y Moan.
- Who is Y Moan?
- Y Moan is an Ede singer and musician. He’s very talent and had performances in many countries,
but he loves a normal life at home.
- How about gongs?
- Gongs are traditional musical instrument of the ethnic minorities. They are mainly played in the
provinces of Dak Lak, Dak Nong, Kon Turn, Gia Lai, and Lam Dong. The space of gong culture in
the Central Highlands was recognized as a Masterpiece of the Intangible Heritage of Humanity by
UNESCO in 2005.
- That’s awesome! I’d like to know more about the space of gong culture and ethnic minority peoples.
- OK. I’ll tell you more about them after school time.

E. READING
I. 1. The Hmong people celebrate their own New Year every year.
2. The Hmong people celebrate their New Year with ritual practices for the gods and celebrations
among themselves.
3. The Hmong’s New Year festival takes place in the eleventh month of the Lunar calendar.
4. Because the Hmong people celebrate their New Year following their own calendar.
5. The Hmong’s New Year festival lasts for at least fifteen days.
6. The Hmong’s New Year festival symbolises the start of something new and good harvest for the
coming year.
7. No, we can’t. The traditional musical shows take place during the festival.
8. A year following the Hmong’s calendar is shorter than a year following the Kinh’s lunar calendar.
II. l.B 2. A 3. C 4. C 5. D

F. WRITING

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I. 1. Where do Stieng people mainly live?
2. What is another name of the Hmong group?
3. How often do the ethnic children walk from their village to the town?
4. Who is the most respected person in Xo Dang community?
5. Which place do you like better, Dong Van or Meo Vac?
6. Whose festival is the Kate in Ninh Thuan province?
7. Why does the groom come to live in his wife’s house after the wedding?
8. How many stilt houses are there in a Co Ho village?
II. 1. There are lots of ethnic minorities in mountainous regions in northern Viet Nam.
2. Why don’t we ask the guide for more information?
3. Beautiful traditional shawls are made by local people.
4. The communal house is the tallest house in the village.
5. The Ma people are very good at weaving cloth.
6. What’s the height of the mountain?
7. Even though the Tay families live simply, they enjoy their way of life.
8. When did you last see a folk dance performance?

REVIEW 1
I. 1. C 2. D 3.B 4. A 5. C
II. 1. D 2. A 3. A 4.C 5. B
III. 1. right 2. Making 3. cattle 4. nomadic 5. flying
6. languages 7. Check 8. carts 9. ethnic 10. addicted
IV. 1. colourful 2. majority 3. Terraced 4. feelings 5. satisfied
6. communal 7. mountainous 8. inconvenient 9. savings 10. peacefully
V. l.B 2. D 3. A 4.C 5. B 6. D 7. D 8. C 9. A 10. A
VI. 1. on 2. in 3. by 4. with 5. At
6. about 7. for 8. to 9. from 10. up
VII. 1. a - an 2. the - Ø 3. Ø - Ø 4. A-an 5.the - Ø
6. an - Ø 7. the - the 8. The - Ø 9. an - the 10. a - the
VIII. 1. usually wear 2. enjoyed 3. haven’t found 4. will take
5. is waiting 6. Did you visit 7. has 8. will see
9. Have you ever visited 10. will be picking up
IX. 1. A (visiting) 2. C (slower) 3. A (Why) 4. C (a) 5. C (which)
6. C (for its) 7. C (traditional dress) 8. B (faster) 9. A (to try) 10. D (the Stieng)
X. l. B 2. B 3.C 4. A 5. D 6. B 7. C 8. C 9. D 10. A
XI. 1. Who taught you how to put up a tent?
2. When did you last visit your hometown?
3. Where can we easily find terraced fields?
4. What will you do during the trip to the countryside.
5. Is reading comics her favourite hobby?
6. How often does Jessica go to the gym?

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 7. Why are you collecting photos of flowers on the Internet?
8. Which one do you prefer, hanging out with friends or staying at home watching TV?
XII.
1. I found them from the Internet. 2. I need them for our project this week.
3. It’s ‘Ethnic Fashion Show’. 4. Which costume have you chosen?
5. It’s difficult to choose one. 6. Let me see!
7. I will send the photos to our team. 8. Sure, I will.
XIII. l. D 2. C 3.B 4. C 5. A
XIV. 1. indoor 2. or 3. entertainment 4. spend
5. leisure 6. mental 7. participating 8. personality
XV.
1. British people enjoy watching television in their free time.
2. Harry has been kind of addicted to the Internet recently.
3. Playing beach games is one of the villagers’ leisure activities.
4. Joe feels happier in the countryside than in a crowded and noisy city.
5. Hobbies such as playing sports or running are good for your health.
6. Life in our village is not as fast as that in their neighbourhood.
7. When summer comes, they like going hiking in the mountains. / When summer comes, they like
to go hiking in the mountains.
8. Is herding the cattle harder than doing household chores?
XVI.
1. Jenny’s interested in lying on a sofa and relaxing.
2. The paddy field is beautiful and immense.
3. You’d better prepare everything for the summer vacation now.
4. If you want to stay slim, you’ll have to eat healthily.
5. Would you mind helping me to turn off the TV?
6. There are lots of trees here, so the air is fresh and clean.
7. The villagers now live more happily than they did in the past.
8. How about playing a sport or trying some outdoor activities?

UNIT 4
A. PHONETICS
I. 1. They opened some pedestrian streets in the urban districts on the festival days.
2. The frustrated instructor tells the student to bring her guide books back.
3. Interrupting other people can’t be strictly avoided in common communication.
4. They discuss the industrial production process of newsprint from dried sugar cane.
5. These fruit’s offspring only spread a limited distance from the original tree.
6. Astronauts want to bring espresso coffee onto the spaceship in a marketing campaign.
7. Her pronunciation is not good, and sometimes she mispronounces ‘stripe’ as ‘strike’.
8. In Sweden, strawberries are a traditional dessert served on St John’s Day.
II. 1. str 2. str 3. Spr 4. str 5. spr 6. str 7. spr 8. spr

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B. VOCABULARY
I. 1. c 2. e 3. g 4.1 5. b 6. h 7. a 8. j 9. f 10. d
II. 1. worship 2. prong 3. cutlery 4. custom 5. host
6. respect 7. tradition 8. generation 9. tray 10. mat
III. 1. B 2. C 3. A 4. B 5.C 6. C 7. D 8. A 9. D 10. A
IV. 1. worshipping 2. lucky 3. respectful 4. generations 5. wrapped
6. hostess 7. behaviour 8. accepted 9. politely 10. social

C. GRAMMAR
I. 1. should 2. shouldn’t 3. should 4. shouldn’t 5. shouldn’t
6. should 7. shouldn’t 8. should 9. shouldn’t 10. should
II. 1. i 2. e 3. a 4. c 5. j 6. b 7. g 8. f 9. h 10. d
III. l.A 2. D 3. C 4. B 5.B 6. A 7. D 8. A 9. C 10. B
IV. 1. C (didn’t have to) 2. B (mustn’t) 3. D (Vietnamese culture) 4. D (asking)
5. C (travel) 6. D (couldn’t answer) 7. A (elderly) 8. D (did)
9. B (symbolising) 10. A (In public)

D. SPEAKING
I. l.g 2. h 3. i 4. f 5. d 6. b 7. j 8. c 9. a 10. e
II. - Hi, Abigail. What are you doing?
- Hi, Duong. I’m reading about Vietnamese customs and traditions.
- Really? What have you learned about them so far?
- Well, I’ve just started reading, but I know something interesting about ao dai.
- What is interesting? I’d like to know if you can tell some facts about it.
- The ao dai is a Vietnamese national costume. Vietnamese women usually wear ao dai on special
occasions. They also wear it at many work places. Girls wear white ao dai in high schools.
- That’s true. But there’s one more thing. Can you guess?
- No, I can’t. What is it?
- In the past, Vietnamese men had to wear men’s ao dai, which is similar to women’s ao dai. Today
they don’t have to wear it in daily activities.
- Oh! That’s why I’ve never seen Vietnamese men wearing ao dai. Where and when can I see it?
- You can see men wearing their ao dai in some festivals, ceremonies, art shows, weddings...
- That’s really interesting to know! I should read more about this.

E. READING
I. A. l.d 2.b 3. e 4. a 5. c
B. 1. The children feel extremely happy and excited when receiving “Li xi” from adults.
2. “Li xi” given to children at Tet represents luck and best wishes.
3. No, it isn’t. The old also get “Li xi” from their children with a bless for a new year of health,
peace and happiness.
4. The children will wish their grandparents good health and long life.

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 5. The tradition of giving “Li xi” to children in families proves a succession of generations.
II. l. B 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. D

F. WRITING
I. 1. You should always wash your hands before meals.
2. We have to obey the regulation of the place we visit.
3. You shouldn’t take things from adults with one hand.
4. We don’t have to go to school on public holidays.
5. She had to wait at the airport because the flight was delayed.
6. We should be honest with other people, especially the elderly.
7. Do you have to wear glasses when having food and drinks?
8. You shouldn’t start eating before the host starts eating.
II. 1. Customers don’t have to tip for poor services.
2. My family follows a tradition of cooking banh chung at Tet holiday.
3. You shouldn’t speak loudly inside a temple or pagoda.
4. He must learn to use chopsticks for eating rice.
5.1 I have been invited to a Western buffet party by a British friend.
6. They might travel to Japan to experience Japanese lifestyle.
7. We have the custom of taking off hats before going into the house.
8. It’s disrespectful for you to touch another person’s head.

UNIT 5
A. PHONETICS
I. 1. hiSTOrian 2. commemoRAtion 3. muSIcian 4. accommoDAtion 5. traDItional
6. preserVAtion 7. NAtional 8. celeBRAtion 9.1iBRArian 10. proCESsion
II. l. A 2. B 3.C 4. D 5.C

B. VOCABULARY
I. 1. offerings 2. clasp 3. worship 4. incense 5. preserve
6. procession 7. pray 8. rituals 9. respect 10. cheering
II. 1. anniversary 2. shows 3. rituals 4. lanterns 5. good fortune
6. shake 7. kumquat 8. archways 9. God 10. Green
III. 1. B 2. A 3. C 4. D 5. A 6. B 7. C 8. B 9. C 10. A
IV. 1. reunion 2. festive 3. heroes 4. performance 5. celebratory
6. crowded 7. preservation 8. prayers 9. cheering 10. Unfortunately

C. GRAMMAR
I. 1. but 2. moreover 3. yet 4. and 5. therefore
6. so 7. however 8. so 9. otherwise 10. and
II. 1. because 2. When 3. Although/ Even though 4. if 5. While
6. when 7. Although/ Even though 8. because 9. If 10. while

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III. 1. Chloe likes Huong Pagoda Festival; however, she dislikes travelling to crowded places.
2. This moon cake is made from meat, egg and dried fruit, so it is sweet and good tasting.
3. Even though Mid-Autumn Festival was primarily for children, it now can be enjoyed by adults.
4. Celia had enjoyed the festival; therefore, she recommended it to her friends.
5. If you consider yourself a culture enthusiast, you shouldn’t miss Hue Arts Festival.
6. Children often parade on the streets while they are singing and carrying colourful lanterns.
7. Although Fred knows most of Vietnamese festivals, he has never enjoyed the Hung King Temple
Festival.
8. When we visited/ When visiting Hoi An at night, we had an exciting experience by releasing
lanterns from a boat.
9. Tet is an important holiday in Viet Nam because it has special features, meanings and priceless
traditions.
10. Hung King Temple Festival does not mark the death of any specific Hung King but it honours the
founders of the nation.
IV. 1. D 2.C 3. B 4. B 5. C 6. A 7. A 8. D 9. A 10. C
V. 1. C (however) 2. D (festivals) 3. B (is organized) 4. A (When)
5. D (the first lunar month) 6. A (On the nights) 7. C (warmly welcomed) 8. C (is)
9. B (hard working) 10. D (decorate)

D. SPEAKING
I. 1. What do they often organize in the Ok Om Bok Festival?
2. Which festival do you like more, Hoi An Lantern Festival or Mid-Autumn Festival?
3. When does the Hung King Temple Festival take place?
4. Do they use a real snake in the Le Mat Snake Festival?
5. Where is the Cow Racing Festival held?
6. How many visitors came to the flower festival last year?
7. How does their ritual often begin?
8. Why did you come to Hue Festival?
II. 1. Do you see that the streets are more crowded these days, Phong?
2. Is it your traditional holiday that comes after the New Year?
3. This would be the busiest time in a year.
4. They will go shopping for food, drinks, furniture, clothes, gifts, etc.
5. It’s the time for family reunion.
6. Maybe I should stay in Viet Nam this time to experience Tet.
7. We will invite you to our place, so you can enjoy Tet with us.
8. It’s a pleasure.

E. READING
I. 1. FALSE 2. TRUE 3. FALSE 4. TRUE 5. FALSE 6. FALSE
7. TRUE 8. FALSE
II. 1. coming 2. Preparations 3. ends 4. lunar
5. offerings 6. burned 7. folk 8. altar

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F. WRITING
I. 1. Because they couldn’t buy tickets to the show, they watched it on TV.
2. Elephant Race Festival is held in the forests near Serepok River, Dak Lak Province.
3. When the racing cows come close to the finish line, the crowds cheer loudly.
4. Although Tien Dung was a daughter of the 18th Hung King, she married a poor man.
5. I enjoy hiking in the mountains and exploring caves during the Buddhist Festival.
6. She really wants to go to Huong Pagoda and travel along Yen Stream by boat.
7. People often clasp their hands while they are praying in front of the Buddha.
8. How different is Saint Giong from other heroes in Viet Nam?
II. 1. Don’t miss the Lim Festival, or you won’t enjoy the real quan ho singing.
2. Although the Mother Pagoda is on the high mountain, I want to climb up.
3. Tet holiday is usually prepared for a month in advance.
4. When they saw the procession, they started to take some photos.
5. There is no faster way to the temple than travelling by cable car.
6. Bella joined the festival because she had a project on it.
7. In spite of making great efforts, he failed to win the race.
8. My sister’s always excited when she comes to crowded and noisy places.

UNIT 6
A. PHONETICS
I. 1. What a beautiful princess she is! ()
2. What brave knights they are! ()
3. What a nice time we have had today! ()
4. What a fierce ogre it is! ()
5. What a handsome prince he is! ()
6. What a beautiful hat she is wearing! ()
7. What a generous man he is! ()
8. What an interesting fairy tale it is! ()
II. 1. What a funny story it is! 2. What a happy ending the story has!
3. What a wonderful day it was! 4. What a pretty girl she is!
5. What attractive eyes she has! 6. What a clever student he is!
7. What a nice skirt she is wearing! 8. What intelligent boys they are!

B. VOCABULARY
I.
- Characters: fairy, giant, witch, emperor, knight, prince, woodcutter, Buddha, princess, dragon, wolf,
hare, tortoise, ogre, eagle, crow
- Personality: cheerful, cruel, generous, kind, brave, fierce, cunning, wicked, mean, greedy, evil, honest,
grateful, kind, loyal
II.

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- Fairy tale: Sleeping Beauty, The Princess and the Dragon, Little Red Riding Hood, Alice in
Wonderland, Cinderella
- Legend: The Legend of Robin Hood, Saint Giong, Lac Long Quan and Au Co
- Fable: The Tortoise and the Hare, The Starfruit Tree
- Folk tale: Chung Cakes Day Cakes
III. 1. fortune 2. starfruit 3. ripe 4. repay 5. filled
6. load 7. granny 8. swallowed 9. scream 10. servants
IV. 1. D 2. B 3. B 4. C 5. D 6. A 7. C 8. B 9. A 10. D
V. 1. imaginary 2. personality 3. fairies 4. legendary 5. originally
6. beauty 7. generosity 8. fortunate 9. married 10. bravery

C. GRAMMAR
I. 1. travelled 2. were 3. heard 4. opened 5. stood
6. decided 7. kept 8. woke up 9. knew 10. got
II. 1. were resting 2. was standing 3. was flying 4. was shining
5. weren’t having 6. Were you listening 7. were studying 8. was walking
9. were caring 10. Was she having
III. 1. was wandering 2. was looking - found 3. was going - was hunting
4. ran - hid 5. was sitting - heard 6. woke up - felt
7. once was - were living 8. were - saw 9. was crawling - was sleeping
10. stood - made
IV. 1. C 2. D 3. A 4. A 5. D 6. B 7. C 8. B 9. A 10. D
V. 1. B (wrote) 2. C (culturally iconic) 3. A (Once upon a time) 4. C (often wore)
5. C (because) 6. A (have been) 7. D (the other) 8. A (When)
9. C (could) 10. D (had promised)

D. SPEAKING
I. - Two men were traveling in company through a forest, when, all at once, a huge bear crashed out of
the brush near them.
- One of the men, thinking of his own safety, climbed a tree.
- The other, unable to fight the savage beast alone, threw himself on the ground and lay still, as if he
were dead. He had heard that a bear will not touch a dead body.
- It must have been true, for the bear snuffed at the man’s head awhile, and then, seeming to be satisfied
that he was dead, walked away.
- The man in the tree climbed down.
- "It looked just as if that bear whispered in your ear," he said. "What did he tell you?"
- "He said," answered the other, "that it was not at all wise to keep company with a fellow who would
desert his friend in a moment of danger."
- Misfortune is the test of true friendship.
II. l. d 2. c 3. f 4. e 5. h 6. a 7. b 8. g 9. j 10. i

E. READING

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I. 1. It is a fable.
2. The main characters in the story are the peasant, the tiger and the water buffalo.
3. According to the buffalo, ’intelligence’ is power.
4. The tiger agreed to be tied up to a tree because it wanted to see the peasant’s intelligence.
5. No, he didn’t. He brought with him bundles of straw.
6. The buffalo laughed so much at the sight that he whacked his head against a rock and broke off all
of his teeth.
7. Tigers have stripes on skin because they got the burns.
8. No, he didn’t.
II. 1. feel 2. passed 3. places 4. told 5. ideas
6. adults 7. and 8. imagination 9. reading 10. minds

F. WRITING
I. 1. What a kind character the young brother has!
2. There was once a woodcutter who had a wife and two children.
3. A wise person is always intelligent and gives good advice.
4. What were you doing at nine o’clock yesterday evening?
5. Once upon a time, a widow had an only son whose name was Aladdin.
6. He was walking along the street when he suddenly heard a shout behind him.
7. The prince married the princess and they lived happily ever after.
8. You were watching a cartoon this time last night, weren’t you?
II. 1. What an interesting legend The Adventures of Robin Hood is!
2. There is a cunning and wicked wolf in Little Red Riding Hood.
3. Many filmed fairy tales have intentionally been made for both children and adults.
4. According to legend, Thanh Giong flew to heaven after defeating the enemy.
5. It took her the whole afternoon to read Alice in Wonderland.
6. While I was reading a book, suddenly I heard a loud noise.
7. Although the elder brother had a fortune, he wanted more gold.
8. The king was very happy because the princess was saved.

REVIEW 2
I. 1. D 2. A 3. B 4. A 5. C
II. 1. C 2. C 3. B 4. D 5. A
III. 1. Once 2. but 3. that 4. wear 5. tray
6. According 7. legends 8. while 9. after 10. forward
IV. 1. clasped 2. commemoration 3. preservation 4. legendary 5. cheering
6. participants 7. worshipping 8. imaginary 9. celebratory 10. disrespectful
V. l. A 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. C 6. A 7. A 8. B 9. B 10. D
VI. 1. on 2. in 3. At 4. for 5. from 6. to 7. of 8. over 9. under 10. with
VII. 1. Has to 2. enjoyed 3. will probably miss 4. have never seen 5. had
6. was sewing 7. doesn’t have to 8. wear 9. getting 10. won’t allow

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VIII. l.B (are) 2. A (don’t have to) 3. A (fables) 4. A (floating) 5. C (should)
6. C (come) 7. D (forgot) 8. C (so) 9. B (five-fruit tray) 10. D (when)
IX. l.B 2. C 3. B 4. D 5. D 6. A 7. C 8. C 9. B 10. A
X. 1. When did their parents use to teach them table manners?
2. How many mattresses did the Queen take to pile up on the pea?
3. Are you busy visiting and greeting relatives and friends during the Spring Festival?
4. How did the wicked old woman charm the princess?
5. What do you do on New Year’s Eve according to tradition?
6. Which does he prefer, a film based on folk tale or a science-fiction film?
7. Why was the 18th prince given the crown?
8. When do Vietnamese people usually make traditional cakes?
XI. 1. Sato is pretty, isn’t she?
2. Then what did you do to respond?
3. There are three degrees of bow actually.
4. That means you need to bow 15 degrees from the standing posture.
5. What about the second bow?
6. Japanese people use it to greet guests, thank customers...
7. This is the most formal bow.
8. Sounds a little complicated.
XII. l.D 2.C 3. B 4. B 5. A
XIII. 1. moral 2. beginning 3. different 4. hidden 5. Women
6. retell 7. storytellers 8. poems 9. generosity 10. forgotten
XIV. 1. Lac Long Quan missed his life in the sea, so he took his sons there.
2. It’s great that we’re going to Nha Trang Carnival this Sunday!
3. Hanna doesn’t know what time is the latest she can visit the tourist site.
4. Cinderella was living with her family when her father died.
5. According to tradition, parents give their children lucky money at Tet.
6. Did you have a memorable time in Thailand last summer vacation?
7. Yesterday I had dinner with a Japanese family and learned interesting table manners.
8. While Snow White was sleeping on the bed, the dwarfs came home and were very surprised.
XV. 1. What a magical spell the witch in the folk tale had!
2. Lan has ever lived in London, so she knows western culture well.
3. Children mustn’t drink any type of alcohol.
4. He was watching television when we came into the room.
5. Students should take a bow on seeing a teacher from a distance.
6. Despite her tiredness, Mrs Madison tried to finish all the housework.
7. When was the first sea festival held in your place?
8. Unless it is too crowded, we will go to visit Huong pagoda.

UNIT 7
A. PHONETICS

133
I. 1. scientific 2. artistic 3. original 4. regional 5. economic
6. personal 7. natural 8. political 9. dramatic 10. medical
11. oceanic 12. global 13. heroic 14. social 15. volcanic
II. 1. fan'tastic 2. bo'tanical 3. 'practical 4. lo'gistic 5. his'torical
6. aca'demic 7. environ'mental 8. no'madic 9. govern'mental 10. 'chemical
11. a'quatic 12. geo'graphical 13. cli'matic 14. bio'logical 15. spe'cific

B. VOCABULARY
I. 1. c 2. h 3. f 4. g 5. a 6. e 7. b 8. d
II. 1. damage 2. death 3. contamination 4. Hearing loss 5. earplugs
6. affect 7. poisonous 8. permanent 9. blood pressure 10. pollutant
III. 1. h 2. a 3. g 4. b 5. f 6. c 7. e 8. d
IV. l.A 2. D 3. B 4. A 5. C 6. D 7. A 8. D 9. B 10. C
V. 1. harmful 2. polluting 3. scientific 4. dead 5. reduction
6. untreated 7. poisoning 8. contaminated 9. radioactivity 10. Environmentalists

C. GRAMMAR
I. 1. will get - cut down 2. change - will eventually destroy
3. will think - continues 4. doesn’t rain - will possibly be
5. Will the companies get - catches 6. is made - will harm
7. will go on - don’t reduce 8. see - will you report
9. isn’t protected – will leak 10. will be - is left
II. 1. would be - were 2. stopped - might disappear
3. could save - was recycled 4. would be damaged - cut down - put up
5. wouldn’t be - really cared 6. would almost be - didn’t provide
7. would happen - burned 8. wouldn’t have - wasn’t polluted
9. was - would become - couldn’t survive 10. Would there be - was distributed
III. 1. C 2. B 3.C 4. D 5. D 6. A 7. B 8. C 9. B 10. A
IV. 1. D (reduce) 2. A (would turn off) 3. B (wouldn’t know) 4. B (polluted)
5. C (have done/did) 6. B (them solve) 7. A (world’s biggest cities) 8. D (pollution limits)
9. D (it) 10. C (would affect)

D. SPEAKING
I. - Do you find that it’s hotter these days?
- Yes, it’s hot because it’s the beginning of summer.
- No, I mean this year is hotter than last year.
- Maybe you’re right because the earth’s temperature increases year by year. This won’t stop until people
can reduce all types of pollution which causes the global warming.
- I think reducing pollution is not easy at all. Human life requires the producing of goods, so natural
resources are exploited to make products. Then waste will still be created and people will pollute the
environment again and again.

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- Well, it’s not easy, but it’s possible. Many countries are trying to recycle things and look for new
sources of energy. They also issue laws and have lots of programs to protect the environment.
- How can recycling things and finding new sources of energy help to reduce pollution?
- If people recycle more things, they will use fewer natural resources and there will be less waste. New
sources of energy can replace the using of fossil fuels which results in most types of pollution.
- That seems the logical things. I hope it will be better soon because we can’t live healthily in this hot
weather and the polluted environment. I can’t imagine how life on Earth will look like in the next 100
years.
- Yeah, it’s hard to imagine...
II. l.f 2. e 3.j 4. b 5. a 6. g 7. i 8. h 9. c 10. d

E. READING
I. 1. FALSE 2. TRUE 3. FALSE 4. TRUE 5. TRUE 6. FALSE
7. TRUE 8. FALSE
II. 1. from 2. like 3. warmer 4. degrees
5. increase 6. harm 7. contaminated 8. though

F. WRITING
I. 1. If you keep a tree in the house or apartment, it will clean the air.
2. Global warming happens when there is too much carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
3. Since it was too hot last summer, there is a water shortage in many farms now.
4. Land pollution is the destruction of land as a result of humans’ activities.
5. Contaminated water leads to the death of aquatic animals and plants.
6. Noise pollution has become one of the serious public nuisances in the world.
7. If I were an environmentalist, I would oppose exploiting natural heritages.
8. Visual pollution can be caused by the overuse of advertising banners.
II. 1. Due to many dams in the upstream, the rivers and canals are dry.
2. Because of the oil spills, the ocean water became contaminated by liquid petroleum.
3. If treated waste water is used and properly managed, health effects won’t occur.
4. Unless people stop using plastic, there will be more plastic than fish in the ocean.
5. Since light pollution can cause diminished visibility, it can cause a hazard.
6. If cars didn’t emit dangerous fumes, lots of people wouldn’t die of diseases caused by air pollution.
7. Why don’t we encourage our friends to use biological bags instead of plastic ones?
8. The governments should punish the polluters with large fines.

UNIT 8
A. PHONETICS
I. employ'ee Portu'guese refe'ree r efu'gee Vietna'mese
interview'ee Japa'nese de'gree trai'nee addre'ssee
II. l.B 2. D 3. A 4. B 5.C

B. VOCABULARY

135
I. 1. e - F 2. h - A 3. b - B 4. a - C
5. f - E 6. d - H 7. c - G 8. g - D
II. l. A 2. D 3. B 4. C 5. C 6. A 7. B 8. D
III. 1. kilt 2. accent 3. state 4. native speakers 5. Loch
6. cattle station 7. puzzling 8. official language 9. icon 10. Mother tongue
IV. 1. D 2. A 3. B 4. A 5. C 6. C 7. D 8. D 9. B 10. B
V. 1. speaking 2. officially 3. attractive 4. uniqueness 5. Singaporean
6. sceneries 7. spectacularly 8. symbolises 9. Welsh 10. nationality

C. GRAMMAR
I. 1. are eating 2. consists 3. has fought 4. Have you ever wondered 5. am feeling
6. have become 7. lies 8. has started 9. is 10. is speaking
II. 1. finishes 2. departs 3. doesn’t start 4. does the next train leave
5. arrives 6. doesn’t take place 7. Does the director hold 8. opens
9. lasts 10. hosts
III. l.B 2. A 3. B 4. C 5.B 6. D 7. D 8. C 9. B 10. C
IV. 1. A (is) 2. D (the Arctic Ocean) 3. A (officially) 4. B (is situated)
5. B (has) 6. C (does not rule) 7. B (Chinese) 8. A (has heard)
9. D (the country’s) 10. B (found)

D. SPEAKING
I. 1. Where is Australia located?
2. Who are the Maori?
3. When was the first Thanksgiving Day in the USA celebrated?
4. Why does Singapore have a rich and diverse culture?
5. How can you increase your English vocabulary?
6. Which is the largest and the most populous of the four countries that make up the UK?
7. What is the official currency of England?
8. How many languages are spoken in England?
II. 1. You come from Wales, don’t you?
2. I see the flag on your bag.
3. And your voice sounds like an English native speaker’s accent.
4. But is Wales actually part of the UK?
5. What is your country famous for?
6. How many castles are there in Wales?
7. That’s about 1 castle per 35 square kilometres.
8. My country has a population of just over three million people.

E. READING
I. 1. D 2. B 3. B 4. A 5. C
II. l. B 2. A 3.C 4. D 5. D

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F. WRITING
I. 1. The Sydney Opera House has become an arts centre since 1973.
2. The bus for the excursion to Melbourne Museum leaves at 7.00 am on Monday.
3. New Zealand is famous for the beauty of its mountains and forests.
4. Big Ben is a major monument in London which symbolises the UK.
5. The Maori’s culture has had a great impact on New Zealand life so far.
6. Edinburgh was the first city in the world to have its own fire brigade in 1824.
7. Over 700 million people have visited Disneyland since it opened in 1955.
8. Pushing is seen as extremely rude in any public place in Canada.
II. 1. Women are believed to make better a teacher than men do.
2. We haven’t visited Singapore for three years.
3. It takes seven hours and a half to fly to London.
4. Due to bad weather, the tourists had to change their plan of the excursion.
5. This is the most beautiful scenery I’ve ever seen.
6. England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland make up the UK.
7. How high is the Statue of Liberty in New York?
8. I last saw Brian when I was in a summer camp in Britain.

UNIT 9
A. PHONETICS
I. 1. biology, biography 2. photography 3. psychology 4. zoology
5. technology 6. geography, geology 7. ecology 8. demography
9. sociology 10. ethnology, ethnography 11. methodology 12. discography
13. musicology 14. crystallography 15. futurology
II.
1. clima'tology 2. phi'lology 3. a'pology 4. physi'ography 5. ocean'ography
6. a'strology 7. bibli'ography 8. physi'ology 9. radi'ology 10. archae'ology
11. my'thology 12. lexi'cography 13. nume'rology 14. cryp'tography 15. bacteri'ology

B. VOCABULARY
I. 1. e 2. a 3.g 4. j 5. h 6. f 7. d 8. b 9. i 10. c
II. 1. shelter 2. guidelines 3. havoc 4. emergency 5. aid
6. victims 7. climate change 8. in charge 9. supplies 10. Debris
III. 1.A 2. A 3.D 4. C 5. D 6. B 7. D 8. C 9. B 10. C
IV. 1. evacuation 2. destructive 3. Rescuers 4. eruption 5. striking
6. survival 7. injured 8. climatic 9. essentials 10. disastrous

C. GRAMMAR
I. 1. Eleven homes and several farms were destroyed by the flood during the night.
2. More than 500,000 people were made homeless by the Tohoku earthquake in Japan.

137
 3. The exact day and time of an earthquake cannot be predicted.
4. In spring, the valleys are flooded by the melting of snow in the mountains.
5. Will students be taught how to prepare for earthquakes and storms?
6. Mudslides and flooding in the mountain town of Regent were caused by heavy rains on hillsides.
7. Lots of equipment and planes have been sent to put out the forest fire.
8. When will accommodation be provided for the people left without homes?
9. Basic supplies are being delivered to isolated areas by the rescue workers.
10. A skier was rescued by fellow group members after the avalanche in Colorado.
II. 1. had left 2. hadn’t put 3. had destroyed 4. hadn’t taken
5. had started 6. Had the drought left 7. hadn’t stopped 8. had learned
9. had caused 10. hadn’t been
III. 1. hit - had moved 2. supplied - had been 3. happened - heard
4. had stopped - looked 5. warned - hadn’t been 6. had-was
7. had developed - strengthened 8. had destroyed - came
9. seemed - had weakened 10. rained - became
IV. 1. C 2. B 3. D 4. A 5. A 6. D 7. C 8. A 9. B 10. A
V. 1. A (hadn’t seen) 2. D (by) 3. B (was) 4. D (wasn’t)
5. C (forced) 6. C (dead) 7. B (including) 8. C (caused)
9. C (was re-connected) 10. A (Rising sea)

D. SPEAKING
I.
- Negative: That’s awful! What a shame! I’m sorry to hear that. How terrible! Oh no! What a pity!
That’s shocking!
- Positive: Sounds exciting! That’s great! How fantastic! Good news! That’s a relief. How wonderful!
Lucky you! That’s awesome!
II.
- Tracy! Have you ever been in a storm?
- Yes, I have. A tornado struck my town when I was eleven.
- Oh, really? Were you frightened then?
- Yes, of course. It was very frightening when hearing the sound of the winds. Houses and trees
collapsed. Leaves, objects and debris were blown up in the sky.
- That’s awful! How was everybody?
- I was staying with my parents, so I didn’t know how and where others were. I think they had already
been in safe places because there was no human loss.
- That’s a relief. How long did the storm last?
- It lasted for about an hour, and we had to stay in our storm shelter until it’s gone.
- It’s a hard time in your life, wasn’t it?
- Yes, it was.

E. READING
I. A. 1.b 2. c 3. f 4. a 5.e 6. d

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 B. 1. Yes, there is.
2. No, it isn’t. A tropical cyclone begins as a group of storm winds when the water gets as hot as
27 °C or hotter.
3. The winds rotate when the water gets hot because of the Coriolis effect made by the Earth’s
rotation.
4. Yes, we can.
5. A tropical cyclone is called “hurricane” in the Atlantic and the eastern, central and northern
Pacific.
6. A tropical cyclone is called “typhoon” in the western Pacific.
II. 1. living 2. Nature 3. occur 4. volcanic
5. rain 6. or 7. technology 8. disasters

F. WRITING
I. 1. I don’t think that there are more natural disasters now than in the past.
2. So far, there has been no human loss, but the fire caused extensive damage to property.
3. Before the mudslide destroyed the road, it had rained heavily for several days.
4. Had emergency workers evacuated all villagers when the river flooded the village?
5. When the earthquake stopped, debris from collapsed buildings was scattered across the town.
6. The residents have already been trained to deal with disasters and now know how to help others.
7. If the storm doesn’t change its direction, it will strike the southern provinces.
8. By the time the earthquake struck, there had been no early warning for it.
II. 1. No one looked after the pets while we were in the eye of the storm.
2. It was such a big forest fire that its smoke could be seen from space.
3. If I were you, I would read guidelines for evacuation carefully.
4. People can be struck by lightning while they are talking on the phone.
5. After the typhoon had struck the Philippines, it weakened to a tropical depression.
6. The earthquake in Chile is the strongest earthquake I’ve ever heard about.
7. The volunteers provided the homeless with blankets and food.
8. As it rained heavily on the hills, water in the lake started to rise.

REVIEW 3
I. 1. C 2. D 3. B 4. A 5. A
II. 1. B 2. D 3. C 4. A 5.C
III. 1. storm 2. global 3. pollute 4. bodies 5. home
6. speakers 7. predicted 8. radioactive 9. havoc 10. hearing
IV. 1. attractive 2. death 3. supplies 4. damaged 5. Pollutants
6. poisonous 7. iconic 8. Historically 9. destruction 10. unpredictable
V. 1. B 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. B 6. C 7. D 8. A 9. B 10. A
VI. 1. about 2. into 3. of 4. on 5. to 6. by 7. for 8. with 9. against 10. from
VII. 1. does not affect 2. have erupted 3. leaves 4. takes place
5. died 6. would happen - stopped 7. had kept
8. has already had 9. have been destroyed 10. is blowing

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VIII. 1. A (is affected) 2. D (will be banned) 3. B (lasts) 4. A (Unless) 5. C (emerged)
6. B (is caused) 7. D (wasn’t concentrating) 8. D (by) 9. C (if) 10. D (spoke)
IX. 1. B 2. D 3. C 4. A 5. B 6. C 7. A 8. B 9. D 10. A
X. 1. Which country is larger, Canada or the USA?
2. How high is Ben Nevis, which is the highest mountain in Great Britain?
3. Why did you choose to study English?
4. Have you ever been to any famous school in England?
5. Whose language and culture have had impact on New Zealand life?
6. How do the Maori in New Zealand greet each other?
7. When did the United States declare independence?
8. To whom were you introduced yesterday?
XI. 1. I’ve read about that kind of news for many times.
2. But it’s unusual when people have cancers at young age.
3. Is it true that pollution causes deathly diseases?
4. Pollution can even lead to other dangerous things such as global warming and natural disasters.
5. There must be some solutions to this.
6. Then we all will have healthy life.
7. Moreover, the area will also be polluted someday if you don’t protect it.
8. I really hope so.
XII. 1. FALSE 2. FALSE 3. TRUE 4. TRUE 5. FALSE
6. FALSE 7. TRUE 8. TRUE
XIII. 1. matter 2. deaths 3. factories 4. Burning
5. negative 6. pollutants 7. emit 8. controlled
XIV. 1. If I have a chance to go to the USA, I will visit New York City.
2. French and English are both the official languages of Canada.
3. London is England’s capital, and it is visited by millions of tourists each year.
4. I would speak English fluently if I lived in an English speaking country.
5. Famous for natural beauty, Scotland is also a country of culture and tradition.
6. Saint Patrick’s Day is celebrated annually in Northern Ireland on March 17.
7. By the 1770’s, Britain had established a number of colonies in North America.
8. Although Sydney is Australia’s most well-known city, Canberra is actually the capital.
XV. 1. Their area hasn’t suffered a drought before.
2. A plan of rescue for a typhoon will be practised by the residents.
3. Unless people read and follow the guidelines for evacuation, they will be useless.
4. If I were you, I would prepare a first-aid-kit box.
5. The tsunami was so strong that thousands of people were killed.
6. It took the firemen three days to put out the forest fire.
7. They might soon propose another solution to reduce air pollution in the city.
8. If the water weren’t polluted, aquatic animals would not die.

UNIT 10

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A. PHONETICS
I. 1. positive 2. ability 3. repetitive 4. electricity 5. opportunity
6. competitive 7. mobility 8. sensitive 9. nationality 10. infinitive
11. reality 12. intuitive 13. university 14. cognitive 15. stability
II. 1. 'quality 2. de'finitive 3. gene'rosity 4. 'transitive 5. com'munity
6. pro'hibitive 7. crea'tivity 8. 'nutritive 9. perso'nality 10. 'additive
11. in'quisitive 12. di'versity 13. a'cquisitive 14. ne'cessity 15. 'fugitive

B. VOCABULARY
I.
- Verbal communication: face-to-face meeting, chatting, giving speech, writing poems, sending notes,
sending snail mails, singing
- Non-verbal communication: using signs, smiling, painting, dancing, using intonation, bowing, using
codes, using flowers, shrugging shoulders, glancing
II. 1. video conference 2. message board 3. Landline phone 4. chat room
5. social media 6. email 7. mobile phone 8. Texting
III. l. D 2. C 3. A 4. A 5. B 6. C 7. D 8. D 9. B 10. A
IV. 1. communication 2. contacts 3. conferencing 4. differences 5. verbally
6. interactive 7. sender 8. Technological 9. attachment 10. emailing

C. GRAMMAR
I. 1. will be sending 2. won’t be using 3. will be messaging
4. won’t be working 5. will be hanging out 6. Will they be wearing
7. will thoroughly be checking 8. Will you surely be waiting
9. will fully be having 10. Will the singer be chatting
II. 1. will be discussing 2. will watch 3. will be making 4. will still go
5. Will Chloe call 6. won’t be talking 7. Will they train 8. will be visiting
9. will find 10. will be studying
III. 1. to talk 2. conversing 3. to lead 4. to pass 5. to read
6. speaking 7. to deal 8. to bringing 9. to dress 10. to represent
IV. 1. read 2. to accept 3. to use 4. send 5. receiving
6. updating 7. to answer 8. give 9. laugh 10. greeting
V. l.A 2. A 3. C 4. D 5. C 6. D 7. B 8. A 9. B 10. D
VI. 1. D (books and newspaper) 2. B (to interact) 3. C (will be provided)
4. A (Communicating) 5. A (will use) 6. B (keep in touch)
7. C (on the phone) 8. C (will be staying) 9. D (popular)
10. D (won’t join)

D. SPEAKING
I. 1. f 2. e 3. c 4. g 5. j 6. i 7. a 8. d 9. b 10. h
II. - Look at those people! They are all holding a phone.

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 - Oh, that’s not strange. I see it every day. Some people sit together in a coffee shop doing nothing but
using a smartphone.
- But they should talk instead of looking at the phone screen.
- Well, they are actually communicating with each other via social media applications. Today, the
Internet and social media not only allow people to interact with each other but also provide a huge
source of information in all aspects of life. So they will open their smartphone or laptop whenever
they’re free.
- The Internet and social media also have negative side and we are easy to be affected by the incorrect
information. Do you think so?
- Yes, I do. It’s hard to know what is right or wrong on the Internet. We must keep ourselves safe on
there.
- Do you mean we should keep us away from the Internet and social media?
- No, I don’t. I mean we need to use them wisely. We should ask for help and direction if we’re not
sure about something. And we mustn’t be addicted to the virtual life.
- You’re right. Being addicted to these kinds of things is not good at all.

E. READING
I. l.C 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. B
II. 1. D 2. A 3. A 4. C 5. B

F. WRITING
I. 1. We tried to phone you last night but couldn’t get through.
2. We will still be using the same operation software this time next year.
3. Bill has just decided to have a face-to-face talk with his friend about the misunderstanding.
4. He is now staying at home but he will be going to a cinema with me at 7.15 pm.
5. She spent most of yesterday evening chatting with one of my friends.
6. They won’t be working face-to-face in an office any more in 2050.
7. I enjoy reading your letters and look forward to continuing the two-way communication.
8. Will humans communicate with each other using mind in the near future?
II. 1. Let’s learn some basic sign language now.
2. She doesn’t mind working late to complete the task.
3. He needs to book an appointment with the dentist.
4. I’d like to have your name and your phone number.
5. Don’t use this word too often, or your text will become repetitive.
6. Jack was too shy to tell Jane his feelings.
7. We should buy some flowers to congratulate her.
8. Will they be having a meeting this time next Monday?

UNIT 11
A. PHONETICS
I. 1. immobile 2. unusual 3. unacceptable 4. imbalance 5. impure
6. unexpected 7. unpleasant 8. immoral 9. unsuitable 10. immovable

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 11. improbable 12. unsuccessful 13. immemorial 14. impersonal 15. unpopular
II. 1. un'able 2. im'proper 3. uncom'municative 4. im'possible 5. una'vailable
6. impo'lite 7. un'changeable 8. un'necessary 9. imma'ture 10. im'patient
11. im'passable 12. un'fortunate 13. im'practical 14. im'perfect 15. unrea'listic

B. VOCABULARY
I. 1. designer 2. creator 3. researcher 4. pharmacist 5. editor
6. biologist 7. operator 8. transporter 9. typist 10. director
II. 1. e 2. c 3. h 4. a 5. g 6. j 7. i 8. b 9. f 10.d
III. 1. flying cars 2. field 3. Researchers 4. technique
5. science subjects 6. economic development 7. benefits 8. scientific progress
9. machines 10. Laboratory
IV. 1. B 2. C 3. B 4. A 5. C 6. A 7. B 8. D 9. D 10. C
V. 1. technicians 2. medical 3. productive 4. inventing 5. chemistry
6. conservationists 7. possibility 8. undeveloped 9. experimental 10. Economically

C. GRAMMAR
I. 1. won’t work 2. will be helping 3. will probably become 4. Will it really be
5. will be going 6. will support 7. will decide 8. will be living
9. Will robots replace 10. will be using
II. l. were 2. might 3. that 4. had left 5. the previous day
6. invented 7. there 8. those 9. hadn’t had 10. then
III. 1. They said that they could spend part of their budget on research and development.
2. The reporter said that she had donated money to establish that pharmaceutical laboratory.
3. He said that Thomas Edison was born in 1847 and died in 1931.
4. The President said that their country didn’t have sufficiency of natural resources.
5. Bill said that his doctor was advising about many things other than medicine.
6. They said that they might do another experiment to examine that formula the following day.
7. The explorer said (that) their mission would explore the planet’s southernmost latitudes.
8. The scientist said that technology would change how they thought and lived.
9. She said that her brother was then concentrating on a career as a software engineer.
10. He said that Jack and Jim had gone to a technology fair the previous afternoon.
IV. 1. B 2. C 3.C 4. D 5. A 6. D 7. B 8. B 9. D 10. A
V. 1. B (had brought) 2. B (will provide)
3. D (the following week/ the next week) 4. A (said to)
5. C (last month) 6. C (opening ceremony)
7. D (then) 8. A (will certainly continue)
9. D (collaborating) 10. B (are not)

D. SPEAKING
I. - What’s that?

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 - It’s my new e-book application. I’m just downloading some new books onto it. I’ll read books on my
iPad. You know I like something... hi-tech!
- I haven’t had one yet. I still prefer a printed book.
- But if you haven’t tried it yet, how do you know you wouldn’t like it better? This free e-book
application can store over 10,000 digital books and it’s easily portable. Imagine trying to carry an
entire library from place to place.
- I don’t usually read 10,000 books all at once. I hear that there are lots of ads in such applications,
which are the way the application owner is trying to make money. I think I’ll just wait until the dust
settles.
- The ads aren’t a big problem. You can always skip them with a tap on the phone’s screen.
- I like the look of text on a printed page.
- You mean that faded text on that yellowed page? On an e-book application, you can adjust the text
size, font, and even line spacing.
- Can I get all of the out-of-print books on my shelves in digital format?
- Well, I’m not sure.
- Until I can, I’ll stick to my low-tech books.
II. 1. You want to be a computer engineer, don’t you?
2. And programmers are the ones to create and develop it.
3. How about you?
4. Outdoor activities are fun.
5. I haven’t found a suitable profession for my future.
6. I see that you might become an explorer or a photographer.
7. Just go ahead with it.
8. I will try to study first.

E. READING
I. l. C 2. A 3.B 4. D 5. C
II. 1. do 2. that 3. as 4. make
5. machines 6. washing 7. Modern 8. because

F. WRITING
I. 1. He said that Valentina Tereshkova was the first woman to travel into space.
2. It won’t surprise me if email completely replaces regular mail in the near future.
3. The students said they hadn’t finished the survey about future means of transport.
4. Will they use special telecommunication lines for the video conferencing systems?
5. The scientists said that they were working on a vehicle which looked like flying cars.
6. My elder brother will be studying information technology in a university this time next year.
7. Mr Graham said that their new robot was one of the smartest machines for the time being.
8. The teacher told us that we wouldn’t have an experiment in the laboratory the following morning.
II. 1. David said that robots could never replace human beings.
2. The man was attracted by the car’s battery and its interior design.
3. Will a moderner device replace all our current computer equipment?

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 4. She told me that I had to study harder if I wanted to be a doctor.
5. My friend said, “Scientists will explore Mars in the near future.”
6. Thanks to video call we can see our loved ones every moment.
7. When did Mr Andrew start working as an archeologist?
8. She said that I should swap the bookcase for the TV.

UNIT 12
A. PHONETICS
I. 1. powerful/ powerless 2. wonderful 3. useful/ useless 4. weightless
5. hopeful/ hopeless 6. airless 7. thoughtful/ thoughtless
8. motionless 9. helpful/ helpless 10. breathless 11. wireless
12. joyless/ joyful 13. friendless 14. skillful 15. groundless
II. 1. 'plentiful 2. 'driverless 3. 'pilotless 4. 'colourful 5. for'getful
6. 'limitless 7. re'sourceful 8. e'motionless 9. 'sorrowful 10. 'effortless
11. de'lightful 12. re'gardless 13. dis'graceful 14. 'purposeless 15. re'spectful

B. VOCABULARY
I. 1. h 2. e 3. c 4. f 5. b 6. d 7. a 8. g
II. 1. flying saucer 2. surface 3. weightless 4. NASA 5. orbit
6. traces 7. aliens 8. UFO 9. Galaxy 10. astronaut
III. l. B 2. C 3. D 4. B 5. A 6. B 7. D 8. D 9. C 10. A
IV. 1. resources 2. inappropriate 3. powerful 4. experienced 5. accommodation
6. weightlessness 7. unidentified 8. uncontrollably 9. breathable 10. planetary

C. GRAMMAR
I. 1. may/ might 2. might 3. might 4. may 5. might
6. may/ might 7. may/ might 8. May 9. may/ might 10. May
II. 1. Susan asked her teacher why there was no gravity in space.
2. Paul asked Helen how far it was from the earth to the sun.
3. Natalie asked Alexander if/ whether black holes could get smaller.
4. Johnson asked Melinda if/ whether she had ever seen a UFO.
5. Penelope asked Nicholas if/ whether there could be life on Mars.
6. Bella asked Nolan if/ whether there was actually life somewhere in the Solar System outside Earth.
7. Stella asked Alice if/ whether intelligent life had existed on that planet billions years before.
8. Chloe asked Grace if/ whether they were alone in the Milky Way galaxy.
9. Adam asked his sister what would she say to an alien if she met one.
10. Eleanor asked me which stars I had pointed my telescope at.
III. 1. Lily asked Eva, “Can there be life somewhere in the Solar System outside Earth?”
2. Xavier asked Robert, “What will Earth be like in the year 2500?”
3. Hazel asked Violet, “Have black holes had any influence on Planet Earth?”
4. Maverick asked Sebastian, “How did you get interested in astronomy?”

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 5. She asked me, “Are there any interesting films on TV now?”
6. Lillian asked Vivian, “Which moons in the Solar System can support life?”
7. Leonardo asked Andrew, “Can’t black holes actually be seen?”
8. He asked me, “Will you take part in the discussion about space travel?”
9. Samuel asked Dominic, “What would aliens actually look like if they existed?”
10. Scarlet asked Ruby, “Is it possible for a black hole to swallow an entire galaxy?”
IV. l. B 2.C 3. B 4. A 5. C 6. D 7. A 8. B 9. D 10. C
V. 1. B (people could) 2. C (but) 3. B (had discovered)
4. C (might be) 5. D (its) 6. A (Powered)
7. C (eventually be swallowed) 8. D (may be) 9. A (whether)
10. D (from them)

D. SPEAKING
I. l.g 2. h 3. i 4. e 5. c 6. b 7. f 8. a 9. j 10. d
II. - Have you ever thought of living on another planet?
- Yes, I have. Sometimes I dreamt of life outside the earth when I watched science-fiction movies and
read articles or books about astronomy. But I think humans won’t be able to live on another planet.
- Why not?
- Because it’s too far from us. It would take us light-years to reach a habitable planet with the existing
technology, supposing that we find one.
- Oh, over 2000 planets outside the Solar System have been identified, many of which are believed to
be habitable. That’s real, not fictional.
- What is the closest habitable planet to Earth then? How far is it?
- In August 2016 astronomers announced the discovery of a rocky planet in the habitable zone of
Proxima Centauri, which is the closest star to our Solar System. The planet is located approximately
4.2 light-years from Earth.
- There are neither spaceships nor rockets that can travel as fast as light speed, you know!
- Yes, I know. But I believe scientists will invent a super spaceship or a time machine which helps to
reduce the time they travel in space.
- Not in this century!

E. READING
I. 1. FALSE 2. FALSE 3. TRUE 4. TRUE 5. FALSE 6. TRUE 7. TRUE 8. FALSE
II. 1. colour 2. size 3. since 4. temperatures 5. height
6. gravity 7. longer 8. orbit 9. surface 10. spacecraft

F. WRITING
I. 1. They asked whether there were water and oxygen on Mars and its moons.
2. We don’t know how many solar systems there are in each galaxy.
3. She asked if her younger brother could name all planets in the Solar System.
4. The professor said that Jupiter had a huge influence on the Solar System’s history.
5. A space buggy is a vehicle used for travelling on the surface of the moon.

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 6. He asked when humans would be able to travel from one planet to another more easily.
7. There is a field of ice and rock debris circling Saturn that appears as rings.
8. Scientists say that Venus doesn’t have any moons, and they aren’t sure why.
II. 1. No planets are smaller and closer to the Sun than Mercury.
2. The spacecraft probably won’t land on Mars successfully as they expected.
3. The planets in the Solar System are named after the Roman Gods.
4. If I were you, I would look towards the southern sky to see the meteors.
5. He said to me, “I will go to the lecture about aliens tomorrow morning.”
6. She prefers reading science books to watching science-fiction movies.
7. His sister asked him why he hadn’t taken some photos of the lunar eclipse the night before.
8. The journey was so long that we all were asleep by the time we arrived.

REVIEW 4
I. l. D 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. B
II. l. C 2. D 3. B 4.C 5. A
III. 1. social 2. get 3. contact 4. Software 5. weightless
6. negative 7. spaceship/ spacecraft 8. keep 9. replaced 10. inventions
IV. 1. development 2. inventors 3. Scientific 4. chatting 5. impossible
6. advanced 7. conservation 8. unlimited 9. powerfully 10. verbalize
V. 1. D 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. B 6. D 7. A 8. B 9. A 10. C
VI. 1. from 2. on 3. about 4. to 5. for 6. by 7. of 8. with 9. at 10. into
VII. 1. will live 2. stopped 3. to think 4. paying 5. will be using
6. looking 7. had been 8. will still be living 9. would be 10. to find
VIII. 1. A (said to) 2. B (having to) 3. B (up to then) 4. C (physically)
5. B (as many as) 6. A (think) 7. D (might not) 8. C (alters)
9. D (would be waiting) 10. B (face-to-face meeting)
IX. 1. A 2. C 3. C 4. A 5.C 6. B 7. D 8. A 9. D 10. B

X. 1. Will you be staying at home this Saturday evening?

2. When do you think humans will eventually be inhabiting Mars?
3. What is this cable used for?
4. How much will it cost to build a plant of solar panels in the desert?
5. Which do you prefer to greet an acquaintance, saying hello or taking a bow?
6. How long does it take you to search for this kind of information on the Internet?
7. Why won’t you be able to go to the cinema with me?
8. How did they launch their first spacecraft?
XI. 1. So what do you think a future smartphone will look like?
2. Will it be as thin as a piece of paper?
3. What do you mean by having no screen?
4. All we need to do is using voice control through a small hardware device.
5. Have you ever seen speed display on car front glass?

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 6. That’s the one I want to mention.
7. It should be touchable!
8. Oh, I like so many things...
XII. 1. A 2. C 3. B 4. D 5. C
XIII. 1. objects 2. so 3. Although 4. orbits 5. tail
6. Made 7. comets 8. diameter 9. atmosphere 10. falling
XIV. 1. The teacher asked how many forms of non-verbal communication there were.
2. He wished to become the first man in his country to travel into space, and it came true.
3. The large amount of water makes the earth appear blue, but there are still other factors.
4. Fred told us that he might come to help us on the upcoming project, but he might not.
5. She said, “Although there is a language barrier, we have already met many times.”
6. The meeting about mobile networks will start soon and the host hopes everyone will attend.
7. He was not sure about his future at that moment, but he said he would study computer science.
8. How long does it take the planet Jupiter to complete an orbit around the Sun?
XV. 1. The new applications might not prove qualitatively different from the old.
2. The professor is willing to explain the origins of the universe to the audience.
3. It’s necessary for Susan to learn how to write an email professionally.
4. Tim asked if/ whether his mother would buy him a watch on his birthday.
5. Will humans be replaced by robots as the dominant species on Earth in the far future?
6. He spent the whole evening looking up the night sky for meteor.
7. They said, “We keep a positive attitude to an exploration of planet Venus.”
8. Due to the Internet disconnection, they had to postpone the video conference.

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