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Exercise 27

Anaphy lab

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Nur Arajan
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5 views

Exercise 27

Anaphy lab

Uploaded by

Nur Arajan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Exercise 27

Physiology of Reproduction:
Name:_ARAJAN, NURFAINA C.____________ Gametogenesis and
________________________________ the Female Cycles
________________________________
Section:_BSMT 1E ______________________
Date:_DECEMBER 16 2024 _______________

Meiosis

1. The following statements refer to events occurring during mitosis and/or meiosis. For each
statement, decide if the event occurs in (a) mitosis only, (b) meiosis only, or (c) both mitosis
and meiosis.

C___1. dyads are visible


B___2. tetrads are visible
A___3. product is two diploid daughter cells genetically identical to the mother cell
B___4. product is four haploid daughter cells quantitatively and qualitatively different from the
mother cell
C___5. involves the phases prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase
A___6. occurs throughout the body
B___7. occurs only in the ovaries and testes
A___8. provides cells for growth and repair
B___9. homologues synapse; chiasmata are seen
C___10. chromosomes are replicated before the division process begins
B___11. provides cells for perpetuation of the species
B___12. consists of two consecutive nuclear divisions, without chromosomal replication
occurring before the second division

2. Describe the process of synapsis.


The homologous chromosomes become closely aligned along their entire length._ ______

3. How does crossover introduce variability in the daughter cells?


Where crossovers occur, chromosome breakage occurs and parts are exchanged. This___
results in chromosomes with different parental contributions.______________________

4. Define homologous chromosomes.


Chromosomes that carry genes for the same traits. (One = paternal chromosome; the___
other = maternal chromosome.)_______________________________________________
Spermatogenesis

5. The cell types seen in the seminiferous tubules are listed in the key. Match the correct cell
type(s) with the descriptions given below.

Key: a. primary spermatocyte c. spermatogonium e. spermatid


b. secondary spermatocyte d. sustentacular cell f. sperm

C___1. primitive stem cell e


B, E, F_2. haploid f
D___3. provides nutrients to developing sperm
E___4. products of meiosis II
F___5. product of spermiogenesis
B___6. product of meiosis I

6. Why are spermatids not considered functional gametes?


They have too much superfluous cytoplasm and are nonmotile._______________________

7. Differentiate between spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis.


Spermatogenesis is the formation of haploid gametes by the male.During spermiogenesis,_
excessive spermatid cytoplasm is sloughed off to form a motile functional sperm._________

Oogenesis, the Ovarian Cycle, and the Menstrual Cycle

8. The sequence of events leading to germ cell formation in the female begins during fetal
development. By the time the child is born, all viable oogonia have been converted to
__primary oocytes______.
In view of this fact, how does the total germ cell potential of the female compare to that of
the male? __Females produce fewer germ cells than males, and the total number produced is
believed to be predetermined.____________________________________________________

9. The female gametes develop in structures called follicles. What is a follicle?


A structure consisting of a capsule of follicle (or granulosa) cells that encloses a developing
gamete (oocyte)_____________________________________________________________
10. How are primary and vesicular follicles anatomically different?
The primary follicle has one or a small number of layers of follicle cells surrounding the___
oocyte; the vesicular follicle has a large antrum containing fluid produced by the granulosa
cells, and_ the developing oocyte, surrounded by several layers of granulosa cells, is pushed
to one side.
11. What is a corpus luteum?
Glandular ovarian structure that produces progesterone. The ruptured vesicular follicle is
converted to a corpus luteum.
12. What is the major hormone produced by the vesicular follicle? Estrogen_______________
By the corpus luteum? Progesterone (and some estrogen)______________________________

13. Use the key to identify the cell type you would expect to find in the following structures.

Key: a. oogonium b. primary oocyte c. secondary oocyte d. ovum

B____1. forming part of the primary follicle in the ovary


C____2. in the uterine tube before fertilization
C____3. in the mature vesicular follicle of the ovary
A____4. in the uterine tube shortly after sperm penetration

14. The cellular product of spermatogenesis is four __spermatids________; the final product
of oogenesis is one _secondary oocyte (potential ovum) ________ and three _polar bodies__.
What is the function of this unequal cytoplasmic division seen during oogenesis in the
female?
To provide the functional gamete with adequate nutritional reserves so that it can survive
during its journey to the uterus
What is the fate of the three tiny cells produced during oogenesis? They deteriorate___________

Why? They lack sustaining cytoplasm with nutrient reserves.____________________________

15. The following statements deal with anterior pituitary and ovarian hormones and with
hormonal interrelationships. Name the hormone(s) described in each statement.

Estrogen_____________1. produced by primary follicles in the ovary


LH (luteinizing hormone)2. ovulation occurs after its burstlike release
Estrogen_______ and progesterone__3. exert negative feedback on the anterior pituitary
relative to FSH secretion
Estrogen_____________4. stimulates LH release by the anterior pituitary
LH__________________5. stimulates the corpus luteum to produce progesterone and estrogen
LH__________________6. maintains the hormonal production of the corpus luteum in a
nonpregnant woman

16. Why does the corpus luteum deteriorate toward the end of the ovarian cycle?
Because blood levels of the anterior pituitary hormone LH are extremely low.___________

18. What uterine tissue undergoes dramatic changes during the menstrual cycle?
Endometrium_________________________________________________________________

19. When during the female menstrual cycle would fertilization be unlikely? Explain why.
Any time but the threeday interval (days 14–16) around ovulation. (Twentyeight day cycle
is assumed.)_________________________________________________________________

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