MINI PROJECT REPORT

on

ONLINE VOTING SYSTEM USING FACE RECOGNITION

Project report submitted in partial fulfilment of the Requirements for the Award of the
Degree of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
in

COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

By

ANANDHU M. A. –SNM20CS005

Under the Guidance of

Mrs. DHANYA M. RAJAN

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

SREE NARAYANA MANGALAM INSTITUTE OF
MANAGEMENT & TECHNOLOGY, MALIANKARA

AFFILIATED TO A P J ABDUL KALAM TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, KERALA

2023
 DECLARATION

We undersigned hereby declare that the project report “ONLINE VOTING SYSTEM USING
FACE RECOGNITION”, submitted for partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of
degree of Bachelor of Technology of the APJ Abdul Kalam Technological University, Kerala is
a bonafide work done by me under supervision of Mrs. DHANYA M. RAJAN, Assistant
Professor, Computer Science and Engineering. This submission represents my ideas in my own
words and where ideas or words of others have been included, we have adequately and
accurately cited and referenced the original sources. We also declare that we have adhered to
ethics of academic honesty and integrity and have not misrepresented or fabricated any data or
idea or fact or source in my submission.

We understand that any violation of the above will be a cause for disciplinary action by the
institute and/or the University and can also evoke penal action from the sources which have thus
not been properly cited or from whom proper permission has not been obtained. This report has
not been previously formed the basis for the award of any degree, diploma or similar title of any
other University.

Place: Maliankara Signature

ANANDHU M. A.
Date:
 SREE NARAYANA MANGALAM INSTITUTE OF

MANAGEMENT & TECHNOLOGY, MALIANKARA

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND

ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the report entitled ‘ONLINE VOTING SYSTEM USING FACE
RECOGNITION’ submitted by ANANDHU M. A. – SNM20CS005, to the APJ Abdul Kalam
Technological University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the Degree of
Bachelor of Technology in Computer Science and Engineering is a bona fide record of the project
work carried out by them under our guidance and supervision.

Guide and Project Coordinator Head of the Department

DHANYA M. RAJAN SANJUNA K. R.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We express our heartfelt gratitude to the almighty, the supreme guide for bestowing his blessings
in our entire endeavour.

We wish to give a deep sense of acknowledgement to our Principal Dr. SANJUNA K. R. Head of
the Department of Computer Science and Engineering, for her sincere and dedicated cooperation
and encouragement throughout the duration of our project.

We would also like to thank our guide and project coordinator Mrs. DHANYA M. RAJAN,
Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering for her valuable advice
and wholehearted cooperation without which this project would not have seen the light of the day.

We express our sincere gratitude to all the faculty members of the Department of Computer
Science and Engineering for their cooperation and support to our project.

We are highly obliged to our parents for their encouragement and we express our sincere thanks to
each and every one who has directly or indirectly helped us during the period of this project.

i
 ABSTRACT

An online voting system is a web application designed to enable voters to cast their votes
electronically, using the internet. Online voting systems can be used in a variety of contexts,
such as political elections, corporate board meetings, and online surveys.
Online voting systems have the potential to revolutionize the way we conduct elections and
other voting processes, but must be approached with caution and rigorous testing to ensure
their reliability and security.

The voter’s image is captured and stored in database which is then used for comparison. This
is executed to authenticate the voter’s identity. The unique number is given to the voter at the
time of registration and that number is matched during the authentication of a voter then face
recognition is used. This system has achieved a high success rate in the identification. This
keeps a blank for the multiple registrations because of the unique identification number given
to the voter at the registration phase. If a voter is registering a second time it shows the voter
already registered as his registration number is unique. The Token number is the secret key
that is sent to the email by each voter through his or her email.

This online voting system should be done in the stipulated amount of time which is sent to
the voters by email by the administration. When the result of voting is published, the voters
can also view the result. The voting result will only visible to the voter after verifying the
OTP if the registration is unsuccessful, the user or voter is directed to the help desk page.

This website can also be used in staff elections and student elections conducted in
the university.

ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS

SL NO TOPIC PAGE NO

i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT ii

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1

CHAPTER 2 PROJECT ANALYSIS 3

CHAPTER 3 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS 7

CHAPTER 4 MODULES OF PROPOSED SYSTEM 10

CHAPTER 5 SYSTEM DESIGN 14

CHAPTER 6 DATABASE TABLES 19

CHAPTER 7 SNAP SHOTS OF OUR WEB APPLICATION 20

CHAPTER 8 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT 26

APPENDICES 27

CONCLUSION 33

REFERENCE 34
LIST OF FIGURES

SL NO TOPIC PAGE NO

FIG 5.1 LEVEL 0 14

FIG 5.2 LEVEL 1 14

FIG 5.3 E R DAIGRAM 15

FIG 5.4 WORK FLOW DIAGRAM OF IMAGE PROCESSING 16

FIG 5.5 USER ARCHITECTURE 17

FIG 5.6 ADMIN ARCHITECTURE 18

FIG 6.1 VOTER TABLE 19

FIG 6.2 VOTING TABLE 19

FIG 6.3 REGISTRATION TABLE 20

FIG 6.4 CANDIDATE TABLE 20

FIG 7.1 ADMIN LOGIN PAGE 21

FIG 7.2 DASHBOARD 21

FIG 7.3 VOTERS LIST 22

FIG 7.4 CANDIDATE LIST 22

FIG 7.5 ADD CANDIDATE PAGE 23

FIG 7.6 DASHBOARD OF VOTERS LOGIN PAGE PAGE 23

FIG 7.7 VOTER REGISTRATION PAGE 24

FIG 7.8 UPDATE VOTER DETAILS PAGE 24

FIG 7.9 VOTER VERIFICATION PAGE 25

FIG 7.10 VOTE REGISTRATION PAGE 25

 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 PROBLEM STATEMENT

The basic methodology as applied to online voting systems would involve giving voters
realistic voting tasks to accomplish using a variety of ballot design. Voting task performance
is measured using variables such as accuracy, time and workload. The voting server collects
the vote and filters out duplicate or invalid votes. Each voter can then check his vote online to
ensure that his vote has been counted.

1.2 INTRODUCTION

Election plays an important role in such a huge democratic country like India where the
leader is elected by residents. Elections preserve a truthful state functioning, as they provide
people the choice to select their personal government. So the election ought to be an
unfastened and truthful process. Every citizen of a democratic country has a right of voting
with his/her own choice. One of the fundamental issues in the conventional democratic
framework is that it expends bunches of labor and resources. Also some humans can be
worried about illegal publications of movement at some point of this manner of election or its
preparation. There are some disadvantages of the conventional election voting process which
is being used in our country such as machine stops working, chances of brutality, time
consuming, resource consuming, spot arranged etc. Many people couldn't vote because the
voter has to reach the poll booths to vote or some people like those who are living far away
from their original birth place where they are allowed to vote. So to get rid of their
drawbacks, a new System is introduced i.e. Online Voting System, which provides accuracy,
security, flexibility, mobility etc. An online voting System in a web based application to use
in the election process. Initially ballot paper technique was used in the election process. Then
the Electronic Voting Machine comes, these are easy to store the data and easily manageable.
These are more secure than the ballot paper and less time consuming. By the use of this, the

1
electorate can solidify their vote for his or her preferred candidate through the use of their
system. We use Face detection and Recognition Technology for authentication of citizens
that he/she is the proper consumer or not. We provide many modules in which admin can
login withinside the tool and show the numerous operations. Also users can login in the
system and use their right to vote. When the Voter uses the system, the system will capture
his/her image using a web camera & try to match with the image stored in the database. If
both images are the same then the voter can cast his/her vote. Most higher learning
establishments in Kenya conduct elections routinely to elect an understudy leadership to
choose them. They proposed the process of an online system, which includes systems like
enlistment of voters, vote casting, vote checking, and pronouncing results which would
establish a decent answer for a substitute of framework that is in the institutes in Kenya.

1.3 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

The aim is to develop an application that seeks to use various stages of security
authentication to enhance the election process for political party elections using the real case
study, i.e. The University of Ibadan, in the end imparting an internet platform which permits
all eligible electorate to workout their franchise from any region for the duration of the
election period.

The targets are:

1) To create a secured online voting platform where authenticity of votes and voters are
ensured with the use of mechanisms such as facial recognition and one – time password.

2) To enhance Voter’s identity due to the fact that biometric functions can not be shared.

3) To ease the trouble of queuing in the course of balloting duration in elections.

2
 CHAPTER 2
PROJECT
ANALYSIS
2.1 EXISTING SYSTEM
The existing system is not too effective. At present there are two types of voting methods,
they are:

1) Ballot Voting

2) EVM Voting

A. Ballot Voting

A ballot is a device used to cast votes in an election, and may be a piece of paper used in
secret voting. In this the voter is given a paper which consists of all the party symbols along
with representative names in it. Here, people come to the polling booth, take the ballot paper
and vote by putting a stamp on the desired party symbol. Finally, the ballot paper is folded
and dropped into the ballot box. At last, the votes are counted by the Election commission
officers.

B. EVM (Electronic Voting Machine) Voting

An EVM is a device which is used for voting. This machine consists of party symbols along
with the representative’s name and a button at the end for each and every party name. The
voters come near the EVM machine after completion of their verification at the early level
before voting. After verification the voter goes near the EVM and casts their vote by pressing
the button. The above procedures are not so accurate as there may be possibility for the
false/fake voting. The ballot papers may be lost at the time of counting which may affect
results of the particular area or people may miscount the number of votes which leads
authority into wrong hands. EVM machines sometimes get corrupted and polling gets
stopped temporarily and a lot of time is wasted or EVM may be tampered and the casted
votes may be polled to a particular party only, even the vote is casted to different candidates
or parties. This may lead authority into the wrong hands. They also lack security as one’s
vote can be casted by another voter or even a miscellaneous person. This factor is known as
fake voting. Without proper authentication there is a possibility of fake voting. So, the
existing system is not efficient for voting. Even though there is very little false/fake voting,

3
this minor setback can turn the results in the opposite direction.

4
2.1.1 EXISTING SYSTEM ADVANTAGES

 One cannot engage in rigging votes by making changes to an EVM’s programme

without damaging it. This prevents vote fraud.

 An EVM has a sealed security chip. One cannot tamper with an EVM's systems and
breach security.

 In a constituency, an EVM voting system can board 64 candidates.

 In 1 minute, only 5 people can cast their vote in an EVM.

 A person can only cast 1 vote; second attempts will have no value.

 There is a NOTA button in EVMs where one can press to vote for “none of the
above” or express that they choose no candidate fit for the post.
 Immediate Release of Results: The voters are counted on the spot and the results
declared before everybody.

2.1.2 EXISTING SYSTEM DISADVANTAGES

 An EVM will have candidate names in the state language only. If a voter is not
familiar with that language, he or she has to memorise the symbol of their candidate
of choice.

 EVMs can only record up to 3840 votes. However, it is a limitation that generally
does not hinder the voting process, as there are not that many voters for each polling
station.

 EVMs can accommodate only 64 candidates. It does so by joining 4 ballot units. If

the number of candidates increases, people have to adhere to a manual voting method.
 Coercion of the Voters – The voter may be compelled to vote for a particular person,
whose pressure he may not be able to withstand.
 Pressures From Government – The Government can exert pressure upon the electorate
to vote for government officials.

5
2.2 PROPOSED SYSTEM

Here we are proposing an web application for voting process that is Online Voting System

through SMS. The online voting system will manages the voter’s details, Candidate details.

The main feature of the project includes voters information and candidate information, voter

can login and use his/her voting rights. The system can manage the information data very

efficiently. The proposed system is more reliable, faster, accurate and easy to

handle compared to existing manual system. It helps to computerize everything and reducing

the errors as compare to manual voting system.

2.2.1 PROPOSED SYSTEM ADVANTAGES

 Accessibility: Online voting websites allow voters to participate in the electoral

process from anywhere with an internet connection. This eliminates geographical
barriers and provides access to individuals who may have difficulty reaching physical
polling stations, such as elderly or disabled voters.
 Convenience: Online voting offers convenience to voters by allowing them to cast
their votes at any time within the designated voting period.
 Cost and Efficiency: Online voting reduces the costs associated with setting up and
operating physical polling stations, including staffing, logistics, and transportation.
 Increased Participation: Online voting has the potential to increase voter turnout by
providing a more accessible and convenient voting method.
 Accuracy and Integrity: Online voting systems can incorporate various security
measures, such as encryption, authentication protocols, and audit trails, to ensure the
integrity and accuracy of the voting process.
 Real-Time Updates: With online voting, election results can be compiled and
updated in real time, allowing for more efficient and transparent reporting.
 Environmental Impact: By eliminating the need for physical paper ballots, online
voting reduces paper waste and contributes to environmental sustainability.

6
2.2.2 PROPOSED SYSTEM DISADAVANTAGES

 Security Risks: Online voting systems are susceptible to various security threats, such as
hacking, tampering, and unauthorized access. Cyberattacks and breaches could
compromise the integrity of the voting process and undermine public trust in the electoral
system. Ensuring robust cybersecurity measures and constantly updating defenses is
crucial but can be challenging.
 Privacy Concerns: Online voting raises concerns about the privacy of voters' personal
information and the confidentiality of their votes. Ensuring that voter data is protected
from unauthorized access and maintaining anonymity while tallying votes can be
complex
 Digital Divide: Online voting assumes that all citizens have equal access to technology
and the internet. However, the digital divide, characterized by disparities in internet
access and technological literacy, could exclude certain segments of the population from
participating in online voting. This could lead to unequal representation and compromised
democratic principles.
 Authentication and Identity Verification: Verifying the identity of voters in an online
environment can be challenging. Ensuring that only eligible voters can cast their votes
requires robust authentication mechanisms. Balancing security with ease of use is crucial
to prevent fraudulent voting and protect the integrity of the process.
 Lack of Voter Confidence: The adoption of online voting may face resistance from
voters who are skeptical about the security, accuracy, and transparency of the system.
Public perception plays a crucial role in the acceptance and success of any voting method,
and concerns about online voting could undermine voter confidence and trust.
 Technical Issues and Reliability: Online voting relies on stable and secure technology
infrastructure. However, technical glitches, network failures, and system errors could
disrupt the voting process, potentially leading to voter disenfranchisement and inaccurate
results. Ensuring the reliability and resilience of online voting systems is essential.

7
 CHAPTER 3

SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS

3.1 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS

 Processor: Pentium
 RAM: 4GB
 Hard Disk: 1TB
 Speed: 1.1GHz

3.2 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

 Operating System: Windows

 Front-End: HTML5,CSS,Bootstrap,JavaScript
 Back-End: MYSQL, python
 Frame work: Flask.
 Supporting Tools: VS Code
 Type: Web Application.
 Server: XAMPP

8
3.2.1 INTRODUCTION TO XAMPP

XAMPP is a free and open-source cross-platform web server solution stack package developed
by Apache Friends, consisting mainly of the Apache HTTP Server, MariaDB database,
and interpreters for scripts written in the PHP and Perl programming languages. Since most actual
web server deployments use the same components as XAMPP, it makes transitioning from a local test
server to a live server possible.

3.2.2 INTRODUCTION TO VISUAL STUDIO CODE

VS code is an integrated development environment (IDE) from Microsoft. It is used to

develop computer programs including websites, web apps, web services and mobile apps.
Visual Studio uses Microsoft software development platforms such as Windows
API, Windows Forms, Windows Presentation Foundation, Windows Store and Microsoft
Silverlight. It can produce both native code and managed code.

3.2.3 INTRODUCTION TO MySQL

MySQL is an open-source relational database management system (RDBMS). Its name is a

combination of "My", the name of co-founder Michael Widenius's daughter My, and "SQL",
the acronym for Structured Query Language. A relational database organizes data into one or
more data tables in which data may be related to each other; these relations help structure the
data. SQL is a language programmers use to create, modify and extract data from the
relational database, as well as control user access to the database. In addition to relational
databases and SQL, an RDBMS like MySQL works with an operating system to implement a
relational database in a computer's storage system, manages users, allows for network access
and facilitates testing database integrity and creation of backups.

9
3.2.4 INTRODUCTION TO CSS(CASCADING STYLE SHEET)

CSS is a style sheet language used for describing the look and formatting of a document
written in a markup language While most often used to style web pages and interfaces written
in HTML and XHTML, the language can be applied to any kind of XML document. One of
the favored features is its ability to allow the sorting of document content written in markup
languages (like HTML) from document presentation written in CSS.

Here are more advantages of CSS in website design:

1. Search Engine Optimization And Appearance

2. Maintainability and Browser Compatibility

3.2.5 INTRODUCTION TO HTML(HYPER TEXT MARKUP LANGUAGE)

HTML refers to the Hypertext Markup Language. HTML is used to create webpages. It uses
many tags to make a webpage. So it is a tag based language. The tags of HTML are
surrounded by angular bracket. It can use wide ranges of colors, objects and layouts.Very
useful for beginners in web designing field.

Advantages of HTML

1. First advantage it is widely used.

2. Every browser supports HTML language.

3. Easy to learn and use.

4. It is by default in every window so you don't need to purchase extra software.

3.2.6 INTRODUCTION TO PYTHON

Python is a high-level, interpreted, general-purpose programming language. Its design

philosophy emphasizes code readability with the use of indentation. Python is dynamically-
typed and garbagecollected. It supports multiple programming paradigms, including
structured (particularly procedural), object-oriented and functional programming

10
 CHAPTER 4
MODULES OF PROPOSED SYSTEM

This proposed system consist of 2 modules, They are listed below:

4.1. ADMINISTRATIVE MODULE

It has authority to stores the user information, providing registration and performing the adding,

deleting, updating the user and election candidate information. The admin grants the permission for

the voter’s to vote. Admin gives the date for voting process so the members have to perform the

voting process with in the particular date specified. Finally the administrator can view the winning

candidate list.

It contains,

 Voter’s information in database.

 Voter’s Names with ID.

 Voter’s vote in a database.

 Calculation of total number of votes.

Various operational works that are done in the system are:-

 Recording information of the voter in voter database.

 Checking the information filled by voter.

 Discard the false information

 Each information is maintained by admin.

It consist of 5 sub modules, they are:

11
a. CANDIDATE MODULE

This module the admin can able to add the candidates who are going to constitute in
the particular election. First they need to select the name of the election, then add
candidate name, Party name, Address, Contact number etc. Once these added, then
the voter can able to see the candidate details in their login.

b. SELECT CANDIDATE

In this module,the admin can add ,delete,update the informations of each candidate.
After performing any of these operation the updated candidtate list is stored in the
candidate table.

c. VOTER’S LIST

In this sub module we can view the entire details of the voters coming from the users
who are registered.

d. VERIFICATION REQUEST

In this module,the admin can able to verify and approve or reject the voters
accordingly. In this module admin verify the user information by sending OTP to the
registered mail id and perform face recognition process of user .Once the admin
approves it, then the user can login.

e. RESULT

In this sub module we can get the results of the election i.e who had won the election
with how many votes. In this module counting is performed. The vote acquired by
each candidate will be displayed. Total number of votes for each candidate is
calculated and displayed. It helps to avoid duplication. The candidate with maximum
vote is awarded as winning candidate. All these process is done is fast and effective
manner.

12
4.2. USER MODULE

The user after their registration only can login for voting. The user will view nominee
details before they can vote. After knowing the nominee details the user can login for
voting. After voting the particular person/user cannot register his/her vote again.

This allows the user to:-

 vote for the respective candidate.

 view the candidate details.

 view the details of the respective person he voted for.

a. VOTER REGISTRATION

In this sub module the voter register themselves by adding the details such as Name,
Date of birth, email id, gender, Phone Number, address, password. Once the voter
registers, then the admin should view it and approve it, then only the voter can able to
vote in the election. The voter can only login if the admin approves it or else the voter
cannot login if the admin rejects.

b. UPDATE VOTER

The voter can update his/her information using this module. Voter can update the
details such as:-
 Name
 Address
 Aadhaar number

13
c. VERIFICATION

In this module the user information is rechecked using OTP and face recognition
method. While voting ,a verification code has generated and sent to the voter mail id.
The voter have to enter this verification code to complete the verification process.

d. VOTING

In this sub module we can register our vote. Voter’s have the provision to view the
list of candidate who are nominating for the election. So they can vote for the
favourite candidate through online.Once the user has registered his vote then again he
is not allowed to vote again i.e. only one user can vote only at one time.

e. FINAL RESULT

This is the last sub module in this project. By this module the Admin gets the final
report of the voting. The candidate with higher votes is displayed as winning
candidate. The details regarding the voting process will be stored in the database for
future reference.

14
 CHAPTER 5

SYSTEM

DESIGN

5.1. DATA FLOW DIAGRAM

5.1.1. LEVEL 0

Admin Data Store Voter Information

Total Votes
Candidate Information
(Final Result)

fig 5.1
5.1.2. LEVEL 1

15
 Database Database Database

fig 5.2

16
5.2 E R DIAGRAM

Registration Candidates
Voter
Process

Registered Voter Database Registered Candidate

Add Candidates
Add voters Voting

Update Candidate Details

Update Voter Details

Admin
Delete Candidate

Check Results

fig 5.3

17
5.3 WORK FLOW DAIGRAM OF IMAGE PROCESSING

Load picture

Pre-processing
Picture Input Face Detection
of image into

Database

Feature Feature Extraction Face Alignment

Matching/Classific
ation

Face Recognition

Fig 5.4

18
5.4. USER ARCHITECTURE

Fig 5.5

19
5.5. ADMIN ARCHITECTURE

Fig 5.6

20
 CHAPTER 6
DATABASE TABLE

6.1 VOTER TABLE

fig 6.1
6.2 VOTING TABLE

fig 6.2
21
6.3 REGISTRATION TABLE

fig 6.3

6.4 CANDIDATE TABLE

fig 6.4

22
 CHAPTER 7
SNAP SHOTS OF OUR WEB APPLICATION
7.1 ADMIN LOGIN PAGE

fig 7.1
7.2 DASHBOARD

fig 7.2

23
7.3 VOTERS LIST

fig 7.3

7.4 CANDIDATE LIST

fig 7.4

24
7.5 ADD CANDIDATE PAGE

fig 7.5

7.6 DASHBOARD OF VOTERS LOGIN PGE

fig 7.6

25
7.7 VOTER REGISTRATION PAGE

fig 7.7

7.8 UPDATE VOTER DETAILS PAGE

fig 7.8

26
7.9 VOTER VERIFICATION PAGE

fig 7.9

7.10 VOTE REGISTRATION PAGE

fig 7.10

27
 CHAPTER 8

SCOPE OF THE SYSTEM

As this website provides better way of election between voter and political parties, hence we
suppose that this project as a greater scope and is important requirement is to provide a
compact stable system of voting with a facility through online.

SCOPE FOR FUTURE ENHANCEMENT

The Online Voting System platform can be made more secure by using the following
methods

 Password Changing
 Fingerprinting
 Cornea Detection

The password used by the user to vote is provided by the administrator. In the future the user
can be given the privilege of changing the password. So it helps to increase the security of the
system. The other two methods that can be used are cornea detection and fingerprinting. But
here the problem is that it decreases the scope of the platform because these systems need
some electronic components to implement. So it will avoid the users privilege to cast the
votes at their fingertips. But it can guarantee that fake voting will be impossible.

28
 APPENDIX

PYTHON DATABASE CONNECTIVITY

29
30
31
32
33
34
 CONCLUSION

This online Voting system will manage the Voter’s information by which voter can login and use his
voting rights. The system will incorporate all features of voting system. It provides the tools for
maintaining voter’s vote to every party and it count total no. of every party.

In this user who is above 18years’s register his/her information on the database and when he/she want
to vote he/she has to login by his id and password and can vote to any party only single time. Voting
detail store in database and the result is displayed by calculation. By online voting system percentage
of voting is increases. It decreases the cost and time of voting process. It is very easy to use and it is
very less time consuming. It is very easy to debug.

The traditional method of manual voting system has few drawbacks. This method is obviously not
efficient as it wastes the voter’s energy and quite slow in term of completion. This smart system
involves the voter’s can cast their vote easily, and can be implemented to the entire India.

35
 REFERENCES
1. Shrivastava, Vishesh, and Girish Tere. "An analysis of electronic voting machines for their
effectiveness."International Journal of Computing Experiments (IJCE) Vol 1 (2016): 8-12.
2. Abdulhamid, S. M., Adebayo, O. S., Ugiomoh, D. O., & AbdulMalik, M. D. (2013). The
Design and Development of Real-Time E-Voting System in Nigeria with Emphasis on
Security and Result Veracity. International Journal of Computer Network and Information
Security,5(5),9–18. https://doi.org/10.5815/ijcnis.2013.05.02
3. Hazzaa, F. I., Kadry, S., & Zein, O. K. (2012). Web- Based Voting System Using Fingerprint:
Design and Implementation. II
4. 404–409. [4] Nautiyal, J. (2013). An Automated Technique for Criminal Face Identification
Using Biometric Approach. 2013(Cac2s), 608–611.
5. Patel, C. I., & Patel, R. (2013). Robust Face Recognition Using Distance Matrix. International
Journal of Computer and Electrical Engineering,5(4),401–404.
https://doi.org/10.7763/ijcee.2013.v5.740
6. Yamini, K., Kumar, S. M., Sonia, S., Yugandhar, P. V, & Bharath, T. (2019). Class
Attendance Using Face Detection and Recognition with OPENCV. 3822– 3826.
7. Soomro, Z. A., & Ali, A. (2020). FPGA based real- time face authorization system for
electronic voting system.
8. Wagner, P. (2012). Face Recognition with Python. 1– 16.
9. P, J. I. P., Kishorit, K. R., Ganesh, B., Gokulprashanth, P., & Udhayakumar, G. (2018).
Electronic Voting Machine with Facial Recognition and Fingerprint Sensors. 3, Hazzaa, F. I.,
Kadry, S., & Zein, O. K. (2012). WebBased Voting System Using Fingerprint: Design and
Implementation. II(Iv), 404–409vbvbvbvnbnbn

36