Java 8 Stream API Guide

1. Overview
Java provides a new additional package in Java 8 called java.util.stream. This package consists of classes, interfaces, and an enum to allows
functional-style operations on the elements. You can use stream by importing java.util.stream package in your programs.

1.1 The Stream provides the following features:

•Stream does not store elements. It simply conveys elements from a source such as a data structure, an array, or an I/O channel, through a
pipeline of computational operations.
•Stream is functional in nature. Operations performed on a stream does not modify its source. For example, filtering a Stream obtained from a
collection produces a new Stream without the filtered elements, rather than removing elements from the source collection.
•Stream is lazy and evaluates code only when required.
•The elements of a stream are only visited once during the life of a stream. Like an Iterator, a new stream must be generated to revisit the same
elements of the source.
You can use Stream to filter, collect, print, and convert from one data structure to other etc.

2. Stream API's with Examples

Let's explore Stream API's with examples

2.1 Java Example: Filtering Collection without using Stream

In the following example, we are filtering data without using a stream. This approach we are used before the stream package was released.
First create a Product class, which is used in below examples :

public class Product {

private int id;
private String name;
private float price;
public Product(int id, String name, float price) {
this.id = id;
this.name = name;
this.price = price;
}
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
 public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public float getPrice() {
return price;
}
public void setPrice(float price) {
this.price = price;
}
}

Let's first discuss without using Stream API's examples then we will create the same examples using Stream API's.

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;

public class JavaWithoutStreamExample {

private static List < Product > productsList = new ArrayList < Product > ();

public static void main(String[] args) {

// Adding Products
productsList.add(new Product(1, "HP Laptop", 25000 f));
productsList.add(new Product(2, "Dell Laptop", 30000 f));
productsList.add(new Product(3, "Lenevo Laptop", 28000 f));
productsList.add(new Product(4, "Sony Laptop", 28000 f));
productsList.add(new Product(5, "Apple Laptop", 90000 f));
// Without Java 8 Stream API'S
withoutStreamAPI();
}

private static void withoutStreamAPI() {

// without Stream API's
List < Float > productPriceList = new ArrayList < Float > ();
// filtering data of list
for (Product product: productsList) {
if (product.getPrice() > 25000) {
// adding price to a productPriceList
productPriceList.add(product.getPrice());
}
}

// displaying data
for (Float price: productPriceList) {
System.out.println(price);
}
}

2.2 Java Stream Example: filtering Collection by using Stream

Here, we are filtering data by using stream. You can see that code is optimized and maintained. The stream provides fast execution.

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
 import java.util.stream.Collectors;

public class JavaStreamExample {

private static List<Product> productsList = new ArrayList<Product>();

public static void main(String[] args) {

// Adding Products
productsList.add(new Product(1, "HP Laptop", 25000f));
productsList.add(new Product(2, "Dell Laptop", 30000f));
productsList.add(new Product(3, "Lenevo Laptop", 28000f));
productsList.add(new Product(4, "Sony Laptop", 28000f));
productsList.add(new Product(5, "Apple Laptop", 90000f));
// With Java 8 Stream API'S
withStreamAPI();
}

private static void withStreamAPI() {

// filtering data of list
List<Float> productPriceList = productsList.stream()
.filter((product) -> product.getPrice() > 25000)
.map((product) -> product.getPrice()).collect(Collectors.toList());
// displaying data
productPriceList.forEach((price) -> System.out.println(price));
}
}

2.3 Java Stream Example: Filtering and Iterating Collection

In the following example, we are using filter() method. Here, you can see the code is optimized and very concise.
public class FilteringAndIteratingCollection {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<Product> productsList = new ArrayList<Product>();
// Adding Products
productsList.add(new Product(1, "HP Laptop", 25000f));
productsList.add(new Product(2, "Dell Laptop", 30000f));
productsList.add(new Product(3, "Lenevo Laptop", 28000f));
productsList.add(new Product(4, "Sony Laptop", 28000f));
productsList.add(new Product(5, "Apple Laptop", 90000f));
// This is more compact approach for filtering data
productsList.stream().filter(product -> product.getPrice() == 30000)
.forEach(product -> System.out.println(product.getPrice()));
}
}

2.4 Java Stream Example: Sum by using Collectors Methods

We can also use collectors to compute a sum of numeric values. In the following example, we are using Collectors class and it?s specified methods
to compute a sum of all the product prices.

public class SumByUsingCollectorsMethods {

public static void main(String[] args) {
List<Product> productsList = new ArrayList<Product>();
//Adding Products
productsList.add(new Product(1,"HP Laptop",25000f));
productsList.add(new Product(2,"Dell Laptop",30000f));
productsList.add(new Product(3,"Lenevo Laptop",28000f));
productsList.add(new Product(4,"Sony Laptop",28000f));
productsList.add(new Product(5,"Apple Laptop",90000f));
 // Using Collectors's method to sum the prices.
double totalPrice3 = productsList.stream()
.collect(Collectors.summingDouble(product->product.getPrice()));
System.out.println(totalPrice3);

}
}

2.5 Java Stream Example: Find Max and Min Product Price
Following example finds min and max product price by using stream. It provides a convenient way to find values without using the imperative
approach.

public class FindMaxAndMinMethods {

public static void main(String[] args) {
List<Product> productsList = new ArrayList<Product>();
// Adding Products
productsList.add(new Product(1, "HP Laptop", 25000f));
productsList.add(new Product(2, "Dell Laptop", 30000f));
productsList.add(new Product(3, "Lenevo Laptop", 28000f));
productsList.add(new Product(4, "Sony Laptop", 28000f));
productsList.add(new Product(5, "Apple Laptop", 90000f));
// max() method to get max Product price
Product productA = productsList
.stream().max((product1,
product2) -> product1.getPrice() > product2.getPrice() ? 1 : -1)
.get();

System.out.println(productA.getPrice());
// min() method to get min Product price
Product productB = productsList
.stream().max((product1,
product2) -> product1.getPrice() < product2.getPrice() ? 1 : -1)
.get();
System.out.println(productB.getPrice());
}
}

2.6 Java Stream Example: Convert List into Set

public class ConvertListToSet {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<Product> productsList = new ArrayList<Product>();

// Adding Products
productsList.add(new Product(1, "HP Laptop", 25000f));
productsList.add(new Product(2, "Dell Laptop", 30000f));
productsList.add(new Product(3, "Lenevo Laptop", 28000f));
productsList.add(new Product(4, "Sony Laptop", 28000f));
productsList.add(new Product(5, "Apple Laptop", 90000f));

// Converting product List into Set

Set<Float> productPriceList = productsList.stream()
.filter(product -> product.getPrice() < 30000)
.map(product -> product.getPrice())
.collect(Collectors.toSet());
System.out.println(productPriceList);
}
 }

2.7 Java Stream Example: Convert List into Map

public class ConvertListToMap {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<Product> productsList = new ArrayList<Product>();

// Adding Products
productsList.add(new Product(1, "HP Laptop", 25000f));
productsList.add(new Product(2, "Dell Laptop", 30000f));
productsList.add(new Product(3, "Lenevo Laptop", 28000f));
productsList.add(new Product(4, "Sony Laptop", 28000f));
productsList.add(new Product(5, "Apple Laptop", 90000f));

// Converting Product List into a Map

Map<Integer, String> productPriceMap = productsList.stream()
.collect(Collectors.toMap(p -> p.getId(), p -> p.getName()));
System.out.println(productPriceMap);
}
}

2.8 Using Method References in Stream Examples

public class MethodReferenceInStream {
public static void main(String[] args) {

List<Product> productsList = new ArrayList<Product>();

// Adding Products
productsList.add(new Product(1, "HP Laptop", 25000f));
productsList.add(new Product(2, "Dell Laptop", 30000f));
productsList.add(new Product(3, "Lenevo Laptop", 28000f));
productsList.add(new Product(4, "Sony Laptop", 28000f));
productsList.add(new Product(5, "Apple Laptop", 90000f));

List<Float> productPriceList = productsList.stream()

.filter(p -> p.getPrice() > 30000)// filtering data
.map(Product::getPrice) // fetching price by referring getPrice method
.collect(Collectors.toList()); // collecting as list
System.out.println(productPriceList);
}
}

3. Reference
• Java 8 Stream API JavaDoc

4. Online Article of this Guide

• http://www.javaguides.net/2018/07/java-8-stream-api.html

5. Java 8 Tutorial
• Top Java 8 Tutorial