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    UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY AND POLITICS Module 3 Quarter 2

    GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS AND INITIATIVES IN ADDRESSING SOCIAL


    INEQUALITIES

    Objectives
    At the end of this module, you should be able to:

    • Learn about the different government programs and initiatives on local,


    national, and global in addressing social inequalities

    Learn About It!

    Social inequality is the existence of unequal opportunities and rewards for


    different social positions or statuses within a group of society. One of the
    examples of social inequality brought about by social stratification is felt by the
    minority group of people. The minority groups in our country include the poor,
    the LGBTQ community, indigenous people, and people with disabilities (PWDs).
    They experienced a greater degree of inequality as manifested by their lower
    income, lower education, and employment opportunities and reduced access to
    healthcare and other government services.

    Below are the different government programs and initiatives on local, national,
    and global levels in addressing social inequalities.

    I. LOCAL PROGRAMS AND INITIATIVES


    ➢ ISKOLAR NG BIÑAN (INB)
    Instituted in 2018 by then Vice Mayor Arman Dimaguila, Iskolar ng Biñan (INB)
    program aims to give financial assistance to indigent but deserving high school
    graduates of the city.

    ➢ HAPI Card - (Health Assistance Program for Indigent Families)


    The Office of the Mayor provides medical assistance for poor, marginalized,
    vulnerable, and disadvantaged individuals through its HAPI Card. Indigent
    individuals who are confined in accredited hospitals will be given medical
    assistance.

    II. NATIONAL PROGRAMS AND INITIATIVES


    ➢ PANTAWID PAMILYANG PILIPINO PROGRAM (4Ps)
    The Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program or 4Ps is a national poverty reduction
    program that provides grants to extremely poor households to improve their
    health, nutrition, and education. The 4Ps has dual objectives: Social Assistance
    – to provide cash assistance to the poor, to alleviate their needs (short-term

    1
    UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY AND POLITICS Module 3 Quarter 2

    poverty alleviation), and Social Development – to break the intergenerational


    cycle of poverty through investments in human capital (nutrition, health, and
    education). The Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) is the
    government agency that implements and supervises this program.

    ➢ EDUCATION FOR ALL (EFA)


    In 2015 the Education for All (EFA) initiative created provisions to ensure all
    Filipinos were able to achieve what UNESCO calls functional literacy, the ability
    to read, write, and do calculations at a level that is sufficient for the country in
    which a particular person lives. Its key objectives are as follows:
    ❑ K to 12 Program
    ❑ Alternative Learning System
    ❑ Adult Learning
    ❑ Enhanced Special Education (SpEd)

    ➢ PUBLIC ATTORNEY’S OFFICE (PAO)


    The Public Attorney's Office (PAO) is an attached agency of the
    Department of Justice and shall be the principal law office of
    the government in extending free legal assistance to indigent
    persons in criminal, civil, labor, administrative, and other
    quasi-judicial cases.

    ➢ PHILHEALTH NG MASA
    PhilHealth has six major membership categories covering nearly the entire
    population, one of which is the "Indigents" (also called "PhilHealth Ng Masa")
    are subsidized by the national government.
    This social insurance program provides a means for the healthy to pay for the
    care of the sick and for those who can afford medical care to subsidize those
    who cannot.

    ➢ SOGIE (SEXUAL ORIENTATION GENDER IDENTITY EXPRESSION) BILL


    The SOGIE Equality Bill or House Bill No. 4982 is an anti-discrimination bill
    that seeks to prohibit discrimination based on a person’s expression of sexual
    orientation or gender identity. The SOGIE Equality Bill recognizes that
    inequalities stemming from prejudice and discrimination exist for everyone,
    and disproportionately affect LGBTQIA+ individuals.

    ➢ ANTI-VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN AND THEIR CHILDREN (Republic Act


    9262)
    It is a law that seeks to address the prevalence of violence against women and
    their children (VAWC) by their intimate partners like their husband or ex-
    husband, live-in partner or former live-in partner, boyfriend/girlfriend or ex-
    boyfriend/ex-girlfriend, dating partner or former dating partner.

    2
    UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY AND POLITICS Module 3 Quarter 2

    ➢ ANTI-AGE DISCRIMINATION IN EMPLOYMENT (Republic Act 10911)


    This law promotes equal opportunities in employment for everyone. This law
    encourages employers to hire individuals based on their abilities, knowledge,
    skills, and qualifications, rather than their age.

    ➢ MAGNA CARTA FOR DISABLED PERSONS (Republic Act 7277)


    This was signed into law in 1992. It covers the bill of rights and labor code for
    persons with disabilities (PWDs) in the Philippines. The Equal Opportunity for
    Employment Act (Republic Act 10524) requires at least 1 percent of all
    positions throughout government agencies, offices, or corporations shall be
    reserved for persons with disabilities (PWDs).

    III. GLOBAL PROGRAMS AND INITIATIVES

    SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS (SDGs)

    The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), also known as the Global Goals,
    were implemented by the United Nations in 2015 as a call to action for all
    member countries to end poverty, protect the planet, and ensure that by 2030
    all people enjoy peace and prosperity.

    There are 17 goals—each goal has a specific target to achieved by 2030. They
    recognize that action in one area will affect outcomes in others, and that
    development must balance social, economic, and environmental sustainability.

    3
    UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY AND POLITICS Module 3 Quarter 2

    SDG 10 – REDUCED INEQUALITIES

    The Sustainable Development Goal 10 aims to reduce inequality within and


    among countries by promoting social, economic, and political inclusion for all.
    It focuses on reducing income disparities, ensuring equal opportunities,
    and empowering marginalized and disadvantaged groups.

    Group 1: Reducing Overall Inequality

    GOAL 1: No poverty
    End poverty in all its forms everywhere.

    GOAL 2: Zero hunger


    End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition, and promote
    sustainable agriculture.

    GOAL 10: Reduced inequalities


    Reduce inequality within and among countries.

    This group of Sustainable Development


    Goals (SDGs) aims to reduce overall
    inequality. Reducing inequalities within and
    among countries is entirely dependent on
    ending poverty, gaining food security, and
    ensuring that no one is left hungry. To
    eliminate poverty is to reduce hunger and,
    therefore, inequalities. Global rates of
    malnutrition are alarming, with nearly 700
    million people undernourished and numbers
    expected to rise. To combat this, focusing on
    tackling poverty is the most critical step
    towards achieving SDGs 2 and 3.

    Group 2: Equality through Education

    GOAL 4: Gender equality


    Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning
    opportunities for all.

    GOAL 5: Quality education


    Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls.

    4
    UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY AND POLITICS Module 3 Quarter 2

    This group of Sustainable Development


    Goals (SDGs) promotes equality through
    education. Gender equality cannot be
    achieved without ensuring quality
    education for all women and girls around
    the world. Equal access to education is
    central to fostering the rights of women.
    While there have been gains for women
    and girls regarding education access, there
    are still far too many failures by the
    system. Enrollment numbers that give the
    illusion of gender equality are not good
    enough, but rather it is the quality of
    education provided that is key. Women and
    girls enrolled in school must be free of
    gender-based violence and be given tailored
    education to ensure their safety and
    prosperity.

    References:
    City Government of Binan Citizen Charter 2023 (8th edition). https://www.binan.gov.ph/wp-
    content/uploads/2023/04/LGU-Binan-Citizens-Charter-2023.pdf
    Apricot, H. (2021, April 14). Categorize SDGs by Groups for More Impact. Abundant Earth Foundation.
    https://abundantearthfoundation.org/categorize-sdgs-by-groups-for-more-impact/

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