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    Day-14 Python Class

    Uploaded by

    Pranesh Saravanan

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Day-14 Python Class

    Uploaded by

    Pranesh Saravanan
    4 views9 pages

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    4 views9 pages

    Day-14 Python Class

    Uploaded by

    Pranesh Saravanan

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    You are on page 1of 9

    What is a Class?

    A Class is a logical grouping of data and functions. It gives the freedom to create
    data structures that contains arbitrary content and hence easily accessible.

    For example, for any bank employee who want to fetch the customer details online
    would go to customer class, where all its attributes like transaction details,
    withdrawal and deposit details, outstanding debt, etc. would be listed out.

    How to define Python classes


    To define class you need to consider following points

    Step 1) In Python, classes are defined by the "Class" keyword

    class myClass():

    Step 2) Inside classes, you can define functions or methods that are part of this
    class

    def method1 (self):


    print "Guru99"
    def method2 (self,someString):
    print "Software Testing:" + someString

     Here we have defined method1 that prints "Guru99."


     Another method we have defined is method2 that prints "Software Testing"+
    SomeString. SomeString is the variable supplied by the calling method

    Step 3) Everything in a class is indented, just like the code in the function, loop, if
    statement, etc. Anything not indented is not in the class

    NOTE: About using "self" in Python


     The self-argument refers to the object itself. Hence the use of the word self.
    So inside this method, self will refer to the specific instance of this object
    that's being operated on.
     Self is the name preferred by convention by Pythons to indicate the first
    parameter of instance methods in Python. It is part of the Python syntax to
    access members of objects

    Step 4) To make an object of the class

    c = myClass()

    Step 5) To call a method in a class

    c.method1()
    c.method2(" Testing is fun")

     Notice that when we call the method1 or method2, we don't have to supply
    the self-keyword. That's automatically handled for us by the Python runtime.
     Python runtime will pass "self" value when you call an instance method on in
    instance, whether you provide it deliberately or not
     You just have to care about the non-self arguments

    Step 6) Here is the complete code

    # Example file for working with classes


    class myClass():
    def method1(self):
    print("Guru99")

    def method2(self,someString):
    print("Software Testing:" + someString)

    def main():
    # exercise the class methods
    c = myClass ()
    c.method1()
    c.method2(" Testing is fun")

    if __name__== "__main__":
    main()
    The self Parameter
    The self parameter is a reference to the class itself, and is used to access
    variables that belongs to the class.

    It does not have to be named self , you can call it whatever you like, but it has
    to be the first parameter of any function in the class:

    Example
    Use the words mysillyobject and abc instead of self:

    class Person:
    def __init__(mysillyobject, name, age):
    mysillyobject.name = name
    mysillyobject.age = age

    def myfunc(abc):
    print("Hello my name is " + abc.name)

    p1 = Person("John", 36)
    p1.myfunc()

    Modify Object Properties


    You can modify properties on objects like this:

    Example
    Set the age of p1 to 40:

    p1.age = 40

    Delete Object Properties


    You can delete properties on objects by using the del keyword:

    Example
    Delete the age property from the p1 object:
    del p1.age

    Delete Objects
    You can delete objects by using the del keyword:

    Example
    Delete the p1 object:

    del p1
    How Inheritance works
    Inheritance is a feature used in object-oriented programming; it refers to defining a
    new class with less or no modification to an existing class. The new class is
    called derived class and from one which it inherits is called the base. Python
    supports inheritance; it also supports multiple inheritances. A class can inherit
    attributes and behavior methods from another class called subclass or heir class.

    Python Inheritance Syntax

    class DerivedClass(BaseClass):
    body_of_derived_class

    Step 1) Run the following code

    # Example file for working with classes


    class myClass():
    def method1(self):
    print("Guru99")

    class childClass(myClass):
    #def method1(self):
    #myClass.method1(self);
    #print ("childClass Method1")

    def method2(self):
    print("childClass method2")

    def main():
    # exercise the class methods
    c2 = childClass()
    c2.method1()
    #c2.method2()

    if __name__== "__main__":
    main()

    Notice that the in childClass, method1 is not defined but it is derived from the parent
    myClass. The output is "Guru99."

    Step 2) Uncomment Line # 8 & 10. Run the code

    Now, the method 1 is defined in the childClass and output "childClass Method1" is
    correctly shown.

    Step 3) Uncomment Line #9. Run the code

    You can a method of the parent class using the syntax

    ParentClassName.MethodName(self)

    In our case, we call, myClass.method1(self) and Guru99 is printed as expected

    Step 4) Uncomment Line #19. Run the code.

    Method 2 of the child class is called and "childClass method2" is printed as


    expected.

    Python Constructors
    A constructor is a class function that instantiates an object to predefined values.

    It begins with a double underscore (_). It __init__() method

    In below example we are taking name of the user using constructor.


    class User:
    name = ""

    def __init__(self, name):


    self.name = name

    def sayHello(self):
    print("Welcome to Guru99, " + self.name)

    User1 = User("Alex")
    User1.sayHello()

    Output will be:

    Welcome to Guru99, Alex

    Python 2 Example

    Above codes are Python 3 examples, If you want to run in Python 2 please consider
    following code.

    # How to define Python classes


    # Example file for working with classes
    class myClass():
    def method1(self):
    print "Guru99"

    def method2(self,someString):
    print "Software Testing:" + someString

    def main():
    # exercise the class methods
    c = myClass ()
    c.method1()
    c.method2(" Testing is fun")

    if __name__== "__main__":
    main()

    #How Inheritance works


    # Example file for working with classes
    class myClass():
    def method1(self):
    print "Guru99"

    class childClass(myClass):
    #def method1(self):
    #myClass.method1(self);
    #print "childClass Method1"

    def method2(self):
    print "childClass method2"

    def main():
    # exercise the class methods
    c2 = childClass()
    c2.method1()
    #c2.method2()

    if __name__== "__main__":
    main()

    Summary:
    "Class" is a logical grouping of functions and data. Python class provides all the
    standard features of Object Oriented Programming.

     Class inheritance mechanism


     A derived class that override any method of its base class
     A method can call the method of a base class with the same name
     Python Classes are defined by keyword "class" itself
     Inside classes, you can define functions or methods that are part of the class
     Everything in a class is indented, just like the code in the function, loop, if
    statement, etc.
     The self argument in Python refers to the object itself. Self is the name
    preferred by convention by Pythons to indicate the first parameter of instance
    methods in Python
     Python runtime will pass "self" value automatically when you call an instance
    method on in instance, whether you provide it deliberately or not
     In Python, a class can inherit attributes and behavior methods from another
    class called subclass or heir class.

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