CHAPTER

2 Structure of Atom

2.2 Atomic Models 8. The value of Planck’s constant is 6.63 × 10–34 Js. The
speed of light is 3 × 1017 nm s–1. Which value is
1. The number of protons, neutrons and electrons in closest to the wavelength in nanometer of a quantum
175
71 Lu, respectively, are of light with frequency of 6 × 1015 s–1?
(a) 71, 104 and 71 (b) 104, 71 and 71 (a) 50 (b) 75
(c) 71, 71 and 104 (d) 175, 104 and 71 (c) 10 (d) 25 (NEET 2013)
(NEET 2020)
9. According to law of photochemical equivalence
2. Be2+ is isoelectronic with which of the following the energy absorbed (in ergs/mole) is given as
ions? (h = 6.62 × 10–27 ergs, c = 3 × 1010 cm s–1,
(a) H+ + (b) Li+ 2+ NA = 6.02 × 1023 mol–1)
(c) Na (d) Mg (2014)  2.859 105
(a) 1.196 10
8
3. Isoelectronic– species are (b)
(a) CO, CN , NO+, C 2–   16
(c) 2.859 10 (d) 1.196 10
2 16
(b) CO–, CN, NO, C2– 

(c) CO+, CN+, NO–, C2 (Karnataka NEET 2013)
(d) CO, CN, NO, C2 (2000) 10. The energies E1 and E2 of two radiations are 25 eV
4. The ion that is isoelectronic with CO is and 50 eV respectively. The relation between their
(a) CN – (b) N 2+ wavelengths i.e., 1 and 2 will be
(c) O2– (d) N –2 (1997) (a) 1 = 2 (b) 1 = 22
1
5. Which one of the following is not isoelectronic with (c)  = 4 (d)    (2011)
O2–? 1 2 1
2 2
(a) Tl+ (b) Na+ 11. The value of Planck’s constant is 6.63 × 10–34 J s.
(c) N3– (d) F– (1994) The velocity of light is 3.0 × 108 m s–1. Which value
is closest to the wavelength in nanometers of a
2.3 Developments Leading to the Bohr’s
quantum of light with frequency of 8 × 1015 s–1 ?
Model of Atom (a) 2 × 10–25 (b) 5 × 10–18
6. Which of the following series of transitions in the (c) 4 × 101
(d) 3 × 107 (2003)
spectrum of hydrogen atom falls in visible region?
12. For given energy, E = 3.03 × 10–19 joules
(a) Brackett series (b) Lyman series
corresponding wavelength is
(c) Balmer series (d) Paschen series
(NEET 2019) (h = 6.626 × 10–34 J sec, c = 3 × 108 m/sec)
(a) 65.6 nm (b) 6.56 nm
7. Calculate the energy in joule corresponding to light
of wavelength 45 nm. (c) 3.4 nm (d) 656 nm (2000)
(Planck’s constant, h = 6.63 × 10–34 J s, speed of light, 13. What will be the longest wavelength line in Balmer
c = 3 × 108 m s–1) series of spectrum?
(a) 6.67 × 1015 (b) 6.67 × 1011 (a) 546 nm (b) 656 nm
–15
(c) 4.42 × 10 (d) 4.42 × 10–18 (2014) (c) 566 nm (d) 556 nm (1996)
Structure of Atom 9

2.4 Bohr’s Model for Hydrogen Atom 21. In a Bohr’s model of an atom, when an electron
jumps from n = 1 to n = 3, how much energy will be
 Z2  emitted or absorbed?
14. Based on equation E = – 2.178 × 10–18 J ,
 2  (a) 2.389 × 10–12 ergs (b) 0.239 × 10–10 ergs
 n 
(c) 2.15 × 10–11 ergs (d) 0.1936 × 10–10 ergs
certain conclusions are written. Which of them is
(1996)
not correct?
(a) Equation can be used to calculate the change in 22. The radius of hydrogen atom in the ground state is
energy when the electron changes orbit. 0.53 Å. The radius of Li2+ ion (atomic number = 3)
(b) For n = 1, the electron has a more negative in a similar state is
energy than it does for n = 6 which means (a) 0.53 Å (b) 1.06 Å
that the electron is more loosely bound in the (c) 0.17 Å (d) 0.265 Å (1995)
smallest allowed orbit. 23. The energy of an electron in the nth Bohr orbit of
(c) The negative sign in equation simply means that hydrogen atom is
13.6 13.6
the energy of electron bound to the nucleus is (a) eV (b) eV
lower than it would be if the electrons were at n4 n3
the infinite distance from the nucleus. 13.6
(c) eV (d) 13.6 (1992)
(d) Larger the value of n, the larger is the orbit eV
radius. (NEET 2013) n2 n
24. The spectrum of He is expected to be similar to that
15. According to the Bohr theory, which of the following
(a) H (b) Li+
transitions in the hydrogen atom will give rise to the
(c) Na (d) He+ (1988)
least energetic photon?
(a) n = 6 to n = 1 (b) n = 5 to n = 4 25. If r is the radius of the first orbit, the radius of nth
(c) n = 6 to n = 5 (d) n = 5 to n = 3 orbit of H-atom is given by
(Mains 2011) (a) rn2 (b) rn
(c) r/n (d) r2n2 (1988)
16. The energy of second Bohr orbit of the hydrogen
atom is –328 kJ mol–1; hence the energy of fourth 2.5 Towards Quantum Mechanical Model of
Bohr orbit would be
the Atom
(a) – 41 kJ mol–1 (b) –82 kJ mol–1
26. In hydrogen atom, the de Broglie wavelength
(c) –164 kJ mol–1 (d) –1312 kJ mol–1 (2005) of an electron in the second Bohr orbit is
17. The frequency of radiation emitted when the electron [Given that Bohr radius, a0 = 52.9 pm]
falls from n = 4 to n = 1 in a hydrogen atom will be (a) 211.6 pm (b) 211.6  pm
(Given ionization energy of H = 2.18 × 10–18 J atom–1 (c) 52.9  pm (d) 105.8 pm
and h = 6.626 × 10–34 J s) (Odisha NEET 2019)
(a) 1.54 × 1015 s–1 (b) 1.03 × 1015 s–1
15 –1
27. A 0.66 kg ball is moving with a speed of 100 m/s.
(c) 3.08 × 10 s (d) 2.00 × 1015 s–1 (2004) The associated wavelength will be
18. In hydrogen atom, energy of first excited state is (h = 6.6 × 10–34 J s)
–3.4 eV. Then find out K.E. of same orbit of hydrogen (a) 6.6 × 10–32 m (b) 6.6 × 10–34 m
–35
atom. (c) 1.0 × 10 m (d) 1.0 × 10–32 m
(a) +3.4 eV (b) +6.8 eV (Mains 2010)
(c) –13.6 eV (d) +13.6 eV (2002) 28. If uncertainty in position and momentum are equal,
19. Who modified Bohr’s theory by introducing then uncertainty in velocity is
1 1
elliptical orbits for electron path? (a) h (b) h (c) h (d) h
(a) Rutherford (b) Thomson m   2m  2
(c) Hund (d) Sommerfeld (1999) (2008)
20. The Bohr orbit radius for the hydrogen atom 29. The measurement of the electron position is
(n = 1) is approximately 0.530 Å. The radius for the associated with an uncertainty in momentum,
first excited state (n = 2) orbit is (in Å) which is equal to 1 × 10–18 g cm s–1. The uncertainty
(a) 4.77 (b) 1.06 in electron velocity is (mass of an electron is
(c) 0.13 (d) 2.12 (1998) 9 × 10–28 g)
10
(a) 1 × 105 cm s–1 (b) 1 × 1011 cm s–1 37. Orbital having 3 angular nodes and 3 total nodes is
(c) 1 × 109 cm s–1 (d) 1 × 106 cm s–1 (2008) (a) 5p (b) 3d (c) 4f (d) 6d
30. Given : The mass of electron is 9.11 × 10–31 kg, (Odisha NEET 2019)
Planck constant is 6.626 × 10–34 J s, the uncertainty 38. Which one is a wrong statement?
involved in the measurement of velocity within a (a) Total orbital angular momentum of electron in
distance of 0.1 Å is s-orbital is equal to zero.
(a) 5.79 × 105 m s–1 (b) 5.79 × 106 m s–1 (b) An orbital is designated by three quantum
7
(c) 5.79 × 10 m s –1
(d) 5.79 × 108 m s–1 numbers while an electron in an atom is
designated by four quantum numbers.
(2006)
31. The uncertainty in momentum of an electron is (c) The2 electronic configuration
1 2p 1 1 of N atom is
2 2p 2p
1s 2s x y z
1 × 10–5 kg m/s. The uncertainty in its position will be
(h = 6.62 × 10–34 kg m2/s)
(a) 5.27 × 10–30 m (b) 1.05 × 10–26 m (d) The value of m for dz2 is zero. (NEET 2018)
–28
(c) 1.05 × 10 m (d) 5.25 × 10–28 m (1999)
39. Which one is the wrong statement?
32. The de Broglie wavelength of a particle with mass h
1 g and velocity 100 m/s is (a) The uncertainty principle is E  t  
4
(a) 6.63 × 10–35 m (b) 6.63 × 10–34 m (b) Half filled and fully filled orbitals have greater
–33
(c) 6.63 × 10 m (d) 6.65 × 10–35 m (1999) stability due to greater exchange energy, greater
33. The position of both, an electron and a helium atom symmetry and more balanced arrangement.
is known within 1.0 nm. Further the momentum of (c) The energy of 2s-orbital is less than the energy
the electron is known within 5.0 × 10–26 kg m s–1. of 2p-orbital in case of hydrogen like atoms.
h
The minimum uncertainty in the measurement of (d) de-Broglie’s wavelength is given by   ,
the momentum of the helium atom is mv
(a) 8.0 × 10–26 kg m s–1 (b) 80 kg m s–1 where m = mass of the particle, v = group
(c) 50 kg m s–1 (d) 5.0 × 10–26 kg m s–1 velocity of the particle. (NEET 2017)
(1998) 40. How many electrons can fit in the orbital for which
34. Uncertainty in position of an electron n = 3 and l = 1?
(Mass = 9.1 × 10–28 g) moving with a velocity of (a) 2 (b) 6
3 × 104 cm/s accurate upto 0.001% will be (c) 10 (d) 14 (NEET-II 2016)
(Use h/(4) in uncertainty expression where
41. Which of the following pairs of d-orbitals will have
h = 6.626 × 10–27 erg second)
electron density along the axes?
(a) 5.76 cm (b) 7.68 cm
(a) dz2, dxz (b) dxz, dyz
(c) 1.93 cm (d) 3.84 cm (1995) (c) d 2, d 2 2 (d) d , d 2 2
z x–y xy x –y
35. Which of the following statements do not form a
(NEET-II 2016)
part of Bohr’s model of hydrogen atom?
(a) Energy of the electrons in the orbits are 42. Two electrons occupying the same orbital are
quantized. distinguished by
(b) The electron in the orbit nearest the nucleus has (a) azimuthal quantum number
the lowest energy. (b) spin quantum number
(c) Electrons revolve in different orbits around the (c) principal quantum number
nucleus. (d) magnetic quantum number. (NEET-I 2016)
(d) The position and velocity of the electrons in the 43. Which is the correct order of increasing energy of
orbit cannot be determined simultaneously. the listed orbitals in the atom of titanium?
(1989) (At. no. Z = 22)
(a) 4s 3s 3p 3d (b) 3s 3p 3d 4s
2.6 Quantum Mechanical Model of Atom (c) 3s 3p 4s 3d (d) 3s 4s 3p 3d (2015)
2+
36. 4d, 5p, 5f and 6p orbitals are arranged in the order of 44. The number of d-electrons in Fe (Z = 26) is not
decreasing energy. The correct option is equal to the number of electrons in which one of the
(a) 5f > 6p > 4d > 5p (b) 5f > 6p > 5p > 4d following?
(c) 6p > 5f > 5p > 4d (d) 6p > 5f > 4d > 5p (a) d-electrons in Fe (Z = 26)
(NEET 2019) (b) p-electrons in Ne (Z = 10)
Structure of Atom 11

(c) s-electrons in Mg (Z = 12) (a) 2l + 1 (b) 4l – 2

(d) p-electrons in Cl (Z = 17) (2015, Cancelled) (c) 2n2 (d) 4l + 2 (2009)
45. The angular momentum of electron in ‘d’ orbital is 55. Which of the following is not permissible
equal to arrangement of electrons in an atom?
(a) 2 3  (b) 0  (c) 6  (d) 2  (a) n = 5, l = 3, m = 0, s = +1/2
(2015, Cancelled) (b) n = 3, l = 2, m = –3, s = –1/2
(c) n = 3, l = 2, m = –2, s = –1/2
46. What is the maximum number of orbitals that can
be identified with the following quantum numbers? (d) n = 4, l = 0, m = 0, s = –1/2 (2009)
n = 3, l = 1, ml = 0 56. Consider the following sets of quantum numbers:
(a) 1 (b) 2 n l m s
(c) 3 (d) 4 (2014) (i) 3 0 0 +1/2
(ii) 2 2 1 +1/2
47. What is the maximum numbers of electrons that
can be associated with the following set of quantum (iii) 4 3 –2 –1/2
numbers? (iv) 1 0 –1 –1/2
(v) 3 2 3 +1/2
n = 3, l = 1 and m = –1
(a) 4 (b) 2 Which of the following sets of quantum number is
(c) 10 (d) 6 (NEET 2013) not possible?
(a) (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv)
48. The outer electronic configuration of Gd (b) (ii), (iv) and (v)
(At. No. 64) is (c) (i) and (iii)
(a) 4f 55d46s1 (b) 4f 75d16s2 (d) (ii), (iii) and (iv) (2007)
3 5 2
(c) 4f 5d 6s (d) 4f 45d56s1
57. The orientation of an atomic orbital is governed by
(Karnataka NEET 2013)
(a) principal quantum number
49. Maximum number of electrons in a subshell with (b) azimuthal quantum number
l = 3 and n = 4 is (c) spin quantum number
(a) 14 (b) 16
(d) magnetic quantum number. (2006)
(c) 10 (d) 12 (2012)
50. The correct set of four quantum numbers for the 58. The following quantum numbers are possible for
how many orbitals?
valence electron of rubidium atom (Z = 37) is
(a) 5, 1, 1, +1/2 (b) 6, 0, 0, +1/2 n = 3, l = 2, m = +2
(c) 5, 0, 0, +1/2 (d) 5, 1, 0, +1/2 (2012) (a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 3 (d) 4 (2001)
51. The orbital angular momentum of a p-electron is
given as 59. For which of the following sets of four quantum
numbers, an electron will have the highest energy?
h (b) 3 h n l m s
(a) 2
2  (a) 3 2 1 +1/2
(c) 3
h h (b) 4 2 – 1 +1/2
(d) 6 (Mains 2012)
2  2 (c) 4 1 0 –1/2
52. The total number of atomic orbitals in fourth energy (d) 5 0 0 –1/2 (1994)
level of an atom is 60. Electronic configuration of calcium atom can be
(a) 8 (b) 16 written as
(c) 32 (d) 4 (2011) (a) [Ne]4p2 (b) [Ar]4s2
2
53. If n = 6, the correct sequence for filling of electrons (c) [Ne]4s (d) [Kr]4p2 (1992)
will be 61. In a given atom no two electrons can have the same
(a) ns  (n – 2)f  (n – 1)d  np values for all the four quantum numbers. This is
(b) ns  (n – 1)d  (n – 2)f  np called
(c) ns  (n – 2)f  np  (n – 1)d (a) Hund’s Rule
(d) ns  np  (n – 1)d  (n – 2)f (2011) (b) Aufbau principle
54. Maximum number of electrons in a subshell of an (c) Uncertainty principle
atom is determined by the following (d) Pauli’s Exclusion principle. (1991)
12

62. For azimuthal quantum number l = 3, the maximum quantum number 2 and azimuthal quantum number
number of electrons will be 1 are
(a) 2 (b) 6 (a) 2 (b) 4
(c) 0 (d) 14 (1991) (c) 6 (d) 8 (1990)
63. The order of filling of electrons in the orbitals of an 66. An ion has 18 electrons in the outermost shell, it is
atom will be (a) Cu+ (b) Th4+
(a) 3d, 4s, 4p, 4d, 5s (b) 4s, 3d, 4p, 5s, 4d (c) Cs+ (d) K+ (1990)
(c) 5s, 4p, 3d, 4d, 5s (d) 3d, 4p, 4s, 4d, 5s
67. Number of unpaired electrons in N2+ is/are
(1991) (a) 2 (b) 0
64. The electronic configuration of Cu (atomic number (c) 1 (d) 3 (1989)
29) is 68. The maximum number of electrons in a subshell is
(a) 1s2 2s22p6 3s23p6 4s23d9 given by the expression
(b) 1s2 2s22p6 3s23p63d10 4s1 (a) 4l – 2 (b) 4l + 2
(c) 1s2 2s22p6 3s23p6 4s24p6 5s25p1 (c) 2l + 2 (d) 2n2 (1989)
(d) 1s2 2s22p6 3s23p6 4s24p63d3 (1991)
69. The number of spherical nodes in 3p orbitals are/is
65. The total number of electrons that can be (a) one (b) three
accommodated in all the orbitals having principal (c) none (d) two (1988)

ANSWER KEY
1. (a) 2. (b) 3. (a) 4. (a) 5. (a) 6. (c) 7. (d) 8. (a) 9. (a) 10. (b)
11. (c) 12. (d) 13. (b) 14. (b) 15. (c) 16. (b) 17. (c) 18. (a) 19. (d) 20. (d)
21. (d) 22. (c) 23. (c) 24. (b) 25. (a) 26. (b) 27. (c) 28. (c) 29. (c) 30. (b)
31. (a) 32. (c) 33. (d) 34. (c) 35. (d) 36. (b) 37. (c) 38. (c) 39. (c) 40. (a)
41. (c) 42. (b) 43. (c) 44. (d) 45. (c) 46. (a) 47. (b) 48. (b) 49. (a) 50. (c)
51. (a) 52. (b) 53. (a) 54. (d) 55. (b) 56. (b) 57. (d) 58. (a) 59. (b) 60. (b)
61. (d) 62. (d) 63. (b) 64. (b) 65. (c) 66. (a) 67. (c) 68. (b) 69. (a)

Hints & Explanations

1. (a) : 175
Lu, Number of protons = Number of
71 5. (a) : The number of electrons in O2–, N3–, F– and
electrons = Atomic number = 71 Na+ is 10 each, but number of electrons in Tl + is 80.
Number of neutrons = Mass number – Atomic number 6. (c) : Lyman series : UV region
= 175 – 71 = 104 Balmer series : Visible region
2. (b) : Species No. of electrons Paschen series : IR region
Be 2+ 2 Brackett series : IR region
H+ 0 hc
Li+ 2 7. (d) : E  [Given,  = 45 nm = 45 × 10–9 m]
Na +
10 
Mg2+ 10 On putting the given values in the equation, we get
3. (a) : Species having same no. of electrons are called 6.63 1034  3 108
E  4.42 1018 J
isoelectronic species. – + 2– 45 109
The no. of electrons in CO = CN = NO = C2 = 14. So, these
are isoelectronic species. 8. (a) : c = 
c 3 1017
4. (a) : Since both CO and CN– have 14 electrons,    50 nm
therefore these are isoelectronic species (i.e. having same  6 1015
number of electrons).
Structure of Atom 13
hcNA
9. (a) : We know that, E  17. (c) : E = h or  = E/h 19
21.8 10
27 10  23 For H atom, E  J atom1
6.62 10  3 10  6.02 10
 n2
 19  1 1
1.1955 10 1.196 108
8
1 E  21.8  10   = 20.44 × 10–19 J atom–1
 2 




ergs mol
20.44 1019 4 12 
15 1
hc hc   3.08 10 s
10. (b) : E 
 and E  ; 6.626 1034 2
1 2
E 1 2 1 2  e2 

1 hc 2 2
E2  1 hc 1 18. (a) : Kinetic energy  mv      2m
25 2 1 2 2 nh  2e2 
or  or     2   v  



50 1 2  1 2
 nh 
2 4 e 2 2
     2m = –K. E .
1 2 me
Total energy, En = 
11. (c) : Applying  = c/, n2h2  nh 
c 3 10  37.5 10 m
8 9  Kinetic energy = –En
 
 8 1015 Energy of first excited state is –3.4 eV.
= 37.5 nm  4 × 101 nm  Kinetic energy of same orbit (n = 2) will be +3.4 eV.
12. (d) : E 
hc 6.626 1034  3 108 19. (d) : Sommerfeld modified Bohr’s theory

 3.03 1019 considering that in addition to circular orbits electrons
= 656 nm also move in elliptical orbits.
20. (d) : For nth orbit of ‘H’ atom, rn = n2 × r1
13. (b) : The longest wavelength means the lowest
 radius of 2nd Bohr’s orbit.
energy.
1 We know that relation for wavelength
 R  1 1  r2 = 4 × r1 = 4 × 0.53 = 2.12 Å
H 2

 n2 
21. (d)1312
: Energy of an atom when n = 1
n 1 2 –1 E = = – 1312 kJ mol–1
(RH, Rydberg constant = 109677 cm ) 1 2
(1)
1312
For n1 = 2, n2 = 3 Similarly energy when n = 3, (E3) = 
1 1 
1
 109677  32
 15233 = – 145.7 kJ mol–1
 2 3 
2 2
The energy absorbed when an electron jumps from
1
or,   = 6.56 × 10–5 cm n = 1 to n = 3,
15233
= 6.56 × 10–7 m = 656 nm E3 – E1 = – 145.7 – (– 1312) = 1166.3 kJ mol–1
1166.3
14. (b) : The electron is more tightly bound in the = = 193.6 × 10–23 kJ
smallest allowed orbit. 6.023  10 23

15. (c) : We know that = 193.6 × 10–20 J [1 joule = 107 ergs]

 193.6 × 10 ergs = 0.1936 × 10 ergs
–13 –10
1 1 
E     , where n2  n1 22. (c) : Due to ground state, state of hydrogen atom
 n12 n22  (n) = 1; Radius of hydrogen atom (r) = 0.53 Å
 n = 6 to n = 5 will give least energetic photon. Atomic no. of Li (Z) = 3
n2 (1)2
Z
2
Now, radius of Li2+ ion  r  Z  0.53  3  0.17Å
16. (b) : En  K   
n  23. (c) : Energy of an electron in nth Bohr orbit of
Z = 1 for hydrogen; n = 2 13.6
hydrogen atom  n2 eV.
K  1 = –328 kJ mol–1; K = 4 × 328
E2  E 2
4 24. (b) : Both He and Li+ contain 2 electrons each.
K  1 1
E  E = – 4 × 328 × = – 82 kJ mol–1 25. (a) : Radius of nth orbit of H-atom = r0n2
4 4
16 16 where r0 = radius of the first orbit.
14
26. (b) : Bohr radius, a0 = 52.9 pm h
i.e., x  p 
n = 2, rn = n2a0 = (2)2a0 = 4 × 52.9 pm = 211.6 pm 4
The angular momentum of an electron in a given As, x =1.0 nm for both electron and helium atom, so p
stationary state can be expressed as in equation, is also same for both the particles.
h h h
mvr = n . = 2    mvr  h ... (i) Thus, uncertainty in momentum of the helium atom is
2 2  also 5.0 × 10–26 kg m s–1.
de-Broglie equation, 34. (c) : Mass of an electron (m) = 9.1 × 10–28 g
h Velocity of electron (v) = 3 × 104 cm/s
 ; mv = h ... (ii) 0.001
mv Accuracy = 0.001% = and
From equations (i) and (ii), we get  = r 100
Putting the value of r,  = 211.6  pm Planck’s constant (h) = 6.626 × 10–27 erg-second.
h We know that actual velocity of the electron
27. (c) : According to de-Broglie equation,   0.001
mv (v) = 3 × 104 × = 0.3 cm/s
Given, h = 6.6 × 10–34 J s ; m = 0.66 kg ; v = 100 m s–1 100
6.6 1034 35 Therefore, uncertainty in the position of the electron,
   1  10 m h 6.626 10 27
0.66 100 (x)   = 1.93 cm
28. (c) : From Heisenberg uncertainty principle, 4mv 4  (9.1 1028 )  0.3
h h 35. (d) : It is Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle and not
p x  or mv  x  Bohr’s postulate.
4 4
2 h 36. (b) : Higher the value of (n + l) for an orbital, higher
or (mv)  ( x  p) is its energy. However, if two different types of orbitals
4 have same value of (n + l), the orbital with lower value of
1 h
or v  n has lower energy. Therefore, decreasing order of energy
2m  of the given orbitals is 5f > 6p > 5p > 4d.
29. (c) : Uncertainty in momentum (mv) 37. (c) : Number of spherical/radial nodes in any
= 1 × 10–18 g cm s–1 orbital = n – l – 1
Uncertainty in velocity (v) Number of planar/angular nodes in orbital = l = 3
1  1018 9 1  Total number of nodes in any orbital = n –1 = 3
  1.1  10 cm s  n=4
9  1028 Thus, the orbital is 4f.
30. (b) : x·mv = h/4 38. (c) : According to Hund’s rule of maximum
6.626 1034 multiplicity, the correct configuration of ‘N’ is
0.1 1010  9.11 1031  v 
4  3.143
6.626 1034
 v 
0.1 1010  9.11 1031  4  3.143 39. (c) : In case of hydrogen like atoms, energy depends
= 5.79 × 106 m s–1 on the principal quantum number only. Hence, 2s-orbital
h will have energy equal to 2p-orbital.
31. (a) : x × p =
4 40. (a) : For n = 3 and l = 1, the subshell is 3p and a
(Heisenberg uncertainty principle) particular 3p orbital can accommodate only 2 electrons.
6.62 1034 41. (c) : dx2 – y2 and dz2 orbitals have electron density
 x = –30
4  3.14 105 = 5.27 × 10 m along the axes while dxy, dyz and dxz orbitals have electron
density in between the axes.
h
32. (c) :   6.63 1027 erg sec
mv 42. (b) : For the two
, electrons occupying the same
1g 104 cm/s orbital1values of n l and ml are same but ms is different,
= 6.63 × 10–31 cm = 6.63 × 10–33 m i.e.,  and  1 .
33. (d) : According to uncertainty principle the product 2 2
of uncertainty in position and uncertainty in momentum 43. (c) : Ti(22) : 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d2
is constant for a particle.  Order of increasing energy is 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d.
Structure of Atom 15

44. (d) : Number of d-electrons in Fe2+ = 6 (iv) is not possible as value of m varies from – l ... +l.
Number of p-electrons in Cl = 11 (v) is not possible as value of m varies from
45. (c) : Angular momentum  l(l  1)  –l ... +l, it can never be greater than l.
For d-orbital, l = 2 57. (d) : Principal quantum number represents the
Angular momentum  2(2  1)   6  name, size and energy of the shell to which the electron
belongs. Azimuthal quantum number describes the
46. (a) : Only one orbital, 3pz has following set of spatial distribution of electron cloud and angular
quantum numbers, n = 3, l = 1 and ml = 0. momentum. Magnetic quantum number describes
47. (b) : The orbital associated with n = 3, l = 1 is 3p. One the orientation or distribution of electron cloud. Spin
orbital (with m = –1) of 3p-subshell can accommodate quantum number represents the direction of electron
maximum 2 electrons. spin around its own axis.
48. (b) : The electronic configuration of 64Gd is 58. (a) : n = 3, l = 2, m = +2
[Xe]4f 75d16s2. It symbolises one of the five d-orbitals (3d).
49. (a) : l = 3 and n = 4 represents 4f. So, total number m = +2 +1 0 –1 –2
of electrons in a subshell = 2(2l + 1) = 2(2 × 3 + 1) = 14
electrons. Hence, f-subshell can contain maximum 14
electrons. 59. (b) : Energy of electron depends on the value of
50. (c) : Rb(37) : 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s1 (n + l). The subshell are 3d, 4d, 4p and 5s, out of which 4d
has highest energy.
For 5s, n = 5, l = 0, m = 0, s = +1/2 or –1/2
51. (a) : Orbital angular momentum (m) 60. (b) : Atomic no. of Ca = 20 2
 Electronic configuration of Ca = [Ar]4s
h
 l(l 1) 61. (d) : This is a Pauli’s exclusion prin-
2
ciple.
For p-electrons; l = 1
h 2h h 62. (d) : l = 3 means f-subshell
Thus, m  1(11)   f-subshell =no. of electrons in f-subshell = 14
Maximum
2 2 2 
52. (b) : Total number of atomic orbitals in any energy 63. (b) : Higher the value of (n + l) for an orbital, higher
level is given by n2. is its energy. However, if two different types of orbitals
53. (a) have same value of (n + l), the orbital with lower value
of n has lower energy.
54. (d) : For a given shell, l,
64. (b) : Electronic configuration of Cu is
the number of subshells, ml = (2l + 1)
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s1.
Since each subshell can accommodate 2 electrons of
opposite spin, so maximum number of electrons in a 65. (c) : n = 2, l = 1
subshell = 2(2l + 1) = 4l + 2. It means 2p-orbitals.
Total no. of electrons that can be accommodated in all
55. (b) : In an atom, for any value of n, the values of
the 2p orbitals = 6
l = 0 to (n – 1).
For a given value of l, the values of ml = –l to 0 to +l and 66. (a) : Cu+ ion has 18 electrons in its outermost shell.
the value of s = +1/2 or –1/2. Electronic configuration of Cu+ is 1s22s22p6 3s23p63d10.
In option (b), l = 2 and ml = –3 67. (c) : N2+ = 1s22s22p1
This is not possible, as values of ml which are possible for  No. of unpaired electrons = 1
l = 2 are –2, –1, 0, +1 and +2 only. 68. (b) : No. of orbitals in a subshell = 2l + 1
56. (b) : (i) represents an electron in 3s orbital.  No. of electrons = 2(2l + 1) = 4l + 2
(ii) is not possible as value of l varies from 0, 1, ... (n – 1). 69. (a) : No. of radial nodes in 3p-orbital = n – l – 1
(iii) represents an electron in 4f orbital. =3–1–1=1

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