R8

A. MULTIPLE CHOICE. (40 PTS)

I. PHONOLOGY (5 PTS)
Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others.
1. A. walked B. threatened C. passed D. forced
2. A. teenage B. village C. message D. passage
3. A. head B. bread C. clean D. lead
4. A. healthy B. deaf C. feature D. peasant
5. A. chameleon B. charismatic C. chaperon D. chemistry
Choose the word which is stressed differently from the other three.
6. A. admittance B. origin C. regional D. government
7. A. penalize B. athletic C. amateur D. synchronize
8. A. familiar B. impatient C. uncertain D. arrogant
9. A. illustrative B. illustrate C. illustrator D. illustrious
10. A. negligible B. perceptible C. collapsible D. discernible

ANSWERS: 1. B 2. A 3. C 4. C 5. C 6. A 7. B 8. D 9. D 10. A

II. WORD CHOICE (5 PTS)

Choose the best options to complete the following sentences.
1. We are pleased to inform you that we have decided to __________ your request for British citizenship.
A. give B. grant C. permit D. donate
2. are the formal rules of correct or polite behavior among people using the Internet.
A. Traffic rules B. Family rules C. Codes of etiquettes D. Codes of netiquettes
3. If you put your money in a bank now, you may get 12%___________annually.
A. interest B. profit C. money D. income
4. To everybody's __________, the doctor declared the boy's life was out of danger.
A. calmness B. soothe C. peace D. relief
5. I know it works in theory, but try putting it into __________and you 'll find out it's a failure.
A. operation B. exercise C. performance D. procedure
6. Some school have very__________ rules of behavior which must be obeyed.
A. strict B. strong C. straight D. solid
7. There should be no discrimination on __________ of sex, race or religion.
A. fields B. places C. areas D. grounds
8. It’s obvious everyone would like to have their __________in such an important meeting.
A. talk B. word C. claim D. say
9. You may not have to stay the night but take a toothbrush just in__________.
A. preparation B. case C. time D. order
10. She may still have a few fans in the world, but she is definitely past her __________.
A. fame B. abilities C. prime D. fortune

ANSWERS: 1. B 2. D 3. A 4. D 5. A 6. A 7. D 8. D 9. B 10. C

III. GRAMMAR AND STRUCTURES (5 PTS)

1. The book would have been perfect _______ the ending.
A. it had not been for B. hadn’t it been for C. it hadn’t been to D. had it not been for
2. The film is ______ released at the end of next year.
A. on the verge of being B. due to be C. about to be D. on the point of being
3. On the battle field,_________________ .
A. lay the tanks B. did the tanks lie C. lied the tanks D. the tanks lay
4. By the time you come here tomorrow, the work .
A. will have been finishing B. will be finishing
C. will have been finished D. will be finished
5. The city _________ at one time prosperous, for it enjoyed a high level of civilization.
A. should have been B. was C. may have been D. must have been
6. We _________ today and I got into trouble because I hadn't done it.
 A. had checked our homework B. had our homework checked
C. were checked our homework D. have our homework checking
7. _______ to school by bus as they are not old enough to ride motorbikes.
A. Many the students go B. Many a student goes
C. Many of the students goes D. Much students go
8. My teacher is one of the people ___________ .
A. I look up to them B. to whom I look up
C. whom I look up to D. to who I look up to
9. broken several world records in swimming.
A. She is said that she has B. People say she had
C. She is said to have D. It is said to have
10. Have a piece of chocolate, ?
A. do you B. would you C. don't you D. haven't you

ANSWER: 1. D 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. D 6. B 7. B 8. C 9. C 10. A

V. READING PASSAGE 1 (5 PTS)

The green building movement is changing the way buildings are constructed. This movement started in the
1970s, as people began to see that modern life was destroying the environment we all share. Natural resources were
being destroyed, energy and water consumption was rising, and so was pollution of all kinds. This environmental
destruction has continued, and one important factor has been the way that buildings are constructed. In fact, energy
use in buildings represents about 32 percent of all energy use in the United States. In the early years, green builders
were a small minority, and their goals of reducing the environmental impact of buildings were considered unrealistic.
Now, however, the green building movement is growing, as builders have been able to take advantage of new
technology and as the costs of this technology have gone down. Environmental building methods are now practical
enough to save money for builders and for building owners, even as they reduce damage to the environment.
First, green builders try to make use of recycled materials as much as possible. In fact, vast amounts of
materials such as steel, cement, and wood are used in construction. Now there are companies that specialize in
gathering old materials, processing them, and selling them to builders for new buildings. States and cities are
encouraging these companies, as the reuse of materials also means less waste in dumps. For larger builders or
individual homeowners, it is possible to find everything from steel and cement to doors, windows, sinks, tubs, brick,
and hardware.
Another way that builders can reduce environmental impact is to reduce the energy requirements of a
building. This can be done in several ways. One is to provide an alternative, nonpolluting source of energy. The first
alternative energy source to be developed was solar power. With solar panels-wide, flat sheets of special material-
it is possible to produce electricity from the rays of the sun. Builders can install solar panels on the roofs of buildings
and connect them to cooling or lighting systems. Once the panels are installed, they provide energy at no cost and
with no pollution. Another, nonpolluting solution for reducing energy use is a technology known as geothermal
heating. To obtain geothermal heat, builders place special pipes below ground, where temperatures remain constant
all year. In the winter, the earth's natural heat can be collected in these pipes, and then transferred into the building's
heating system. In the summer, heat in the building can be collected and sent to the pipes underground.
1.According to the passage, all of the following leads to environmental destruction EXCEPT _______
A. the increasing number of buildings B. the increase of water consumption
C. the increase of energy consumption. D. the destruction of natural resources.
2.The way buildings are constructed in America also contributes to _______
A. water pollution B. air pollution
C. the use of water D. environmental destruction
3.The early years, it was believed that the use of green buildings to reduce environmental destruction was _______
A. impractical B. authentic C. unique D. feasible
4.One of the reasons why green buildings were not popular is that _______
A. they took too much time to build. B. they were inconvenient.
C. they were costly to build. D. they looked too boring.
5.The phrase "green building" in the passage can also be understood as _______
A. environment-friendly buildings B. buildings with open stairs.
B. buildings with tree inside. D. buildings painted green.
6.The phrase "green builders" in the first line of the second paragraph refers to those who _______
A. work in green buildings. B. build green buildings.
C. use green materials. D. put trees in buildings.
7.According to the passage, all of the following can be made from recycle materials EXCEPT _______
A. sinks B. furniture B. hardware D. windows
8.The author mentioned all of the following as ways to reduce environmental destruction EXCEPT _______
A. providing alternative energies. B. using geothermal heating.
C. using recycled materials to construct buildings. D. having more green plants in buildings
9. Solar panels are NOT used to _______
A. light the house B. cool the house
C. warm the house D. transfer electricity to the sun rays
10.Geothermal heating technology is. _______
A. using underground pipes to collect geothermal heat.
B. collecting pipes from below ground.
C. using underground pipes to control underground temperature.
D. using up the heating energy

ANSWERS: 1. A 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. A 6. B 7. B 8. D 9. D 10. A

VI. READING PASSAGE 2 (5 PTS)

Read the text below and choose the best answer to each question.
SCHIZOPHRENIA
One of the most serious forms of mental illness is schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is a complex illness and
includes many symptoms, and most people who suffer from schizophrenia do not display all the symptoms. One
common trait shared by almost every schizophrenic, however, is a basic inability to tell the difference between
reality and fantasy. Every person has fantasies. Our imaginations create situations which are not real. In a healthy
person, these fantasies are often called “daydreams,” and the person is aware that they are not real. A schizophrenic,
however, does not understand that his or her daydreams are not part of reality. This can lead to powerful delusions
in which a person may believe things that could not possibly be true. For example, a schizophrenic may believe that
he or she has been contacted by aliens, or some other situation which is just as unlikely. Under extreme
circumstances, these delusions may cause the schizophrenic to become violent and dangerous.
The causes of schizophrenia are complex and not completely understood. We know that brain chemistry is
somehow involved. We know this because certain drugs which help control a specific chemical in the brain are
helpful in treating schizophrenia. We also know that people who come from a family in which schizophrenia is
common are more likely to develop schizophrenia themselves. Furthermore, schizophrenia usually surfaces during
or after a person’s teenage years, right about the same time important chemical changes occur in the brain. All of
these facts point to a biological cause for schizophrenia.
At the same time, there is a great deal of evidence that shows that a person’s environment and personal
experiences are also important factors. For instance, one study showed that people living in a city are almost 70%
more likely to develop schizophrenia, and minority groups show higher rates of the illness as well. This clearly
shows that environment plays an important role alongside brain chemistry.
Schizophrenia is an episodic illness, with periods of severe illness usually lasting several months. Severe
schizophrenics experience these episodes more frequently than those with less severe forms of the illness. It is
estimated that about 1 % of the world population will experience a schizophrenic episode at some point in their
lives. Treatment generally includes medication, and in severe cases hospitalization.
1. The word trait in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. problem B. illness C. handicap D. characteristic
2. According to paragraph 1, the essential difference between the daydreams of a healthy person and those of a
schizophrenic is that __________.
A. a schizophrenic does not know that his or her daydreams are imaginary
B. the daydreams of schizophrenics make them violent and dangerous
C. a healthy person’s daydreams are more imaginative
D. the daydreams of a healthy person occur far less frequently
3. All of the following are symptoms of schizophrenia EXCEPT
A. Hearing voices or noises that are not there B. Organized thinking
C. A lack of emotion and motivation D. Feeling that things are being controlled from outside
4. Based on the information in paragraph 1, the term delusions can best be explained as
A. the belief in ideas that are untrue and highly unlikely
B. serious forms of mental illness
C. common symptoms among schizophrenics
 D. conditions which cause a person to become violent
5. According to the passage, all of the following are proof that schizophrenia has biological causes EXCEPT
_________.
A. drugs that control brain chemistry effectively treat schizophrenia
B. schizophrenia causes important changes in the bodies of teenagers
C. people with a family history of the illness are more likely to develop schizophrenia
D. schizophrenia often occurs for the first time during adolescence
6. Based on the information in paragraph 3, what can be inferred about minority groups?
A. They have different brain chemistries.
B. They are often the most violent schizophrenics.
C. They often live in different environments than other people.
D. They are more likely to develop schizophrenia than people living in the city.
7. In stating that schizophrenia is an episodic illness, the author means that schizophrenia
A. is an illness which appears for a period of time and reappears later
B. is an illness which is only treatable for short periods of time
C. is an illness which can be overcome in a short period of time
D. affects people from every part of the world
8. The word those in the passage refers to
A. episodes B. schizophrenics C. periods of illness D. experiences
9. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?
A. These delusions can be damaging to a person’s professional and social life.
B. Schizophrenics can be aware whether their daydreams are real or not all the time.
C. In the middle age, people usually suffer from schizophrenia.
D. Schizophrenia is a chronic illness.
10. According to the passage, all of the following are true EXCEPT
A. Schizophrenia is characterized by the inability to tell reality from fantasy.
B. The delusions of schizophrenics can lead to violence in most cases.
C. Schizophrenia is believed to have both biological and environmental causes.
D. Schizophrenia is periodic in nature and is treated with medication or hospitalization.

ANSWERS: 1. D 2. A 3. B 4. A 5. B 6. C 7. A 8. B 9. A 10. B

VII. GUIDED CLOZE 1 (5 PTS)

Read the text below and decide which answer best fits each space.
A love of travelling
For Nigel Portman, a love of travelling began with what’s (1) _______ a ‘gap year’. In common with many
other British teenagers, he chose to take a year out before (2) _______ to study for his degree. After doing various
jobs to (3)_______ some money, he left home to gain some experience of life in different cultures, visiting America
and Asia. The more adventurous the young person, the (4) ________ the challenge they are likely to set themselves
for the gap year, and for some, like Nigel, it can (5) _______ in a thirst for adventure.
Now that his university course has (6) ________ to an end, Nigel is just about to leave on a three-year trip
that will take him right around the world. What’s more, he plans to make the whole journey using only means of
transport which are (7) _______ by natural energy. In other words, he’ll be (8) ________ mostly on bicycles and
his own legs; and when there’s an ocean to cross, he won’t be taking a (9) _______ cut by climbing aboard a plane,
he’ll be joining the crew of a sailing ship (10) ________ .
As well as doing some mountain climbing and other outdoor pursuits along the way, Nigel hopes to pass on
to the people he meets the environmental message that lies behind the whole idea.
1.A called B. named C. referred D. known
2.A. settling down B. getting up C. taking over D. holding back
3.A. achieve B. raise C. advance D. win
4.A. stronger B. wider C. greater D. deeper
5.A. result B. lead C. cause D. create
6.A. come B. turned C. reached D. brought
7.A. pulled B. charged C. forced D. powered
8.A. attempting B. using C. relying D. trying
9.A. quick B. short C. brief D. swift
10.A. anyway B. alike C. instead D. otherwise
ANSWERS:
1A 2A 3B 4C 5A
6A 7D 8C 9B 10C

VIII. GUIDED CLOZE 2 (5 PTS)

Read the text below and decide which answer best fits each space.
SMILE POWER
The expression on your face can actually dramatically alter. Your feelings and perceptions, and it has been proven
that (1) ________smiling or frowning can create corresponding emotional responses. The idea was first
(2)_______by a French physiologist, Israel Waynbaum, in 1906. He believed that different facial expressions
affected the flow of blood to the brain, and that this could create positive or negative feelings. A happy smile or
irrepressible (3) ________ increased the blood flow and contributed to joyful feelings. But sad, angry expressions
decreased the flow of oxygen-carrying blood, and created a vicious (4) ________ of gloom and depression by
effectively (5) ________ the brain of essential fuel.
Psychologist Robert Zajonc rediscovered this early research, and (6) ________ that the temperature of the brain
could affect the production and synthesis of neurotransmitters – which definitely influence our moods and energy
levels. He agues that an impaired blood flow could not only deprive the brain of oxygen, but create further chemical
imbalance (7) ________ inhibiting these vital hormon messages. Zajonc goes on to propose that our brains
remember that smiling is associated with being happy, and that by deliberately smiling through your tears you can
(8) ________ your brain to release uplifting neurotransmitters – replacing a depressed condition with a happier one.
People suffering from psychosomatic (9) ________, depression and anxiety states could (10)________ from simply
exercising their zygomatic muscles - which pull the corners of the mouth up and back to form a smile – several
times an hour.
1. A. desperately B. determinedly C. deliberately D. decidedly
2. A. put off B. put down C. put by D. put forward
3. A. laughter B. sadness C. humour D. depression
4. A. cycle B. spiral C. circle D. vortex
5. A cutting B. starving C. removing D. eliminating
6. A. advises B. wants C. demands D. suggests
7. A. by B. without C. when D. from
8. A. make B. persuade C. allow D. decide
9. A. disease B. illness C. infection D. ailment
10. A. recover B. improve C. benefit D. progress

ANSWERS: 1. C 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. B 6. D 7. A 8. C 9. B 10. C

B. WRITTEN TEST (70 PTS)

IV. SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION. (20PTS)

Rewrite the following sentences using the words given.
1. He was so enthusiastic that he apparently ignored any warning signs.
→ Such __________________________________________________________________________
2. It is a difficult question. I’m trying to puzzle it out. Nobody has answered it yet.
→ The difficult question that__________________________________________
3. Most of the problems arose because there was no leadership on the committee.
→ It was the_______________________________________________________________________
4. He had just begun his speech when there was a noise of breaking glass.
→ He was on ______________________________________________________________________
5. I am particularly looking forward to visiting Centre Point when I am in Sydney.
→ What __________________________________________________________________________
6. I tried as hard as I could to make sure that this problem would not arise. (POWER)
→ I ___________________________________________________ this problem from arising.
7. The President was impeached because of his financial misconduct. (GROUNDS)
→ _______________________________________________________________________________
8. The new ambassador is well-informed about current affairs. (WIDE)
→ _______________________________________________________________________________
9. I know I can convince Dave that I'm right about this matter. (BRING)
→ _______________________________________________________________________________
10. My advice is that you get straight to the point in the next report (BUSH)
→ _______________________________________________________________________________

ANSWERS:
1. Such was his enthusiasm that he apparently ignored any warning signs
2. The difficult question that I’m trying to puzzle out has not been answered yet.
3. It was the lack / absence of (any) leadership that caused most of the problems of the committee.
4. He was on the point of beginning his speech when there was a noise of breaking glass.
5. What I am particularly/most looking forward to (particularly/most) when I am in Sydney is visiting Centre
Point.
6. I did everything (with) in my power to prevent/stop this problem from arising.
7. The President was impeached on the grounds of his financial misconduct
8. The new ambassador has wide knowledge of current affairs.
9. I know I can bring Dave round to my way of thinking on this matter.
10. If I were you, I would not beat around the bush in the next report
.