Ch 4 - The Rattrap

THE RATTRAP
NOTES
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INTRODUCTION
"The Rattrap" is a short story written by Selma Lagerlöf, a Swedish author known for
her tales that often blend reality with a touch of magic and moral lessons. The story is
about a poor, homeless man who wanders the countryside selling small rattraps. His life
is tough, and he often has to steal or beg to survive. One day, while thinking about his
difficult life, he comes up with an idea: the entire world is like a giant rattrap, full of
temptations, just waiting to catch people.
As the story unfolds, this man himself gets caught in a situation that feels like a trap. After
stealing some money, he finds himself lost in the woods, feeling like the world is closing in
on him. However, his life takes an unexpected turn when he meets a kind ironmaster and
his daughter, who mistake him for someone else and treat him with great kindness.
Through this story, Lagerlöf explores themes of kindness, redemption, and the idea that
generosity can transform even the most troubled souls. The story teaches us that everyone
deserves a chance to be treated with dignity and respect, no matter how far they've fallen
in life.
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ABOUT THE STORY
"The Rattrap" is a story by Swedish author Selma Lagerlöf. It revolves around a poor,
homeless man who survives by selling rattraps and occasionally stealing. The man has a
cynical view of the world, seeing it as a giant rattrap that tempts people with riches and
comforts, only to trap them in the end.
One day, the rattrap seller stays at an old man's cottage, where he learns that the man
has saved 30 kronor. Tempted by the money, he returns later, steals it, and runs away.
However, he soon gets lost in a forest, feeling like he's been caught in the world's rattrap.
As he tries to find his way out, he stumbles upon an iron mill. The owner of the mill
mistakes him for an old friend and invites him to his home for Christmas. Though the
rattrap seller is initially fearful, the ironmaster's daughter, Edla, treats him with kindness
and convinces him to stay.
The kindness shown to him makes the rattrap seller rethink his life. The next day, Edla
finds a rattrap left behind by the man with the stolen money returned and a note
expressing his gratitude. He says that her kindness helped him escape the "rattrap" of
life.
The story highlights themes of kindness, redemption, and the idea that everyone, no
matter how lost, can change for the better when shown compassion. It reminds us that a
simple act of kindness can transform a person's life.
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THE TITLE
The title "The Rattrap" by Selma Lagerlöf is symbolic and central to the story's theme.
The main character, a poor and disillusioned rattrap seller, sees the world as a giant
rattrap. He believes that just as a rattrap lures rats with the promise of food only to trap
them, life tempts people with wealth, power, and happiness, ultimately trapping them in
misery and suffering. This idea reflects the protagonist's cynical view of the world.
Throughout the story, the rattrap seller himself becomes trapped by his own greed when
he steals money from an old man. He tries to escape his guilt but ends up lost in the woods,
feeling as if he has been caught in the world's rattrap. This reinforces the idea that the
temptations of life can lead people into difficult and inescapable situations.
However, the story also shows that kindness and compassion can help someone escape
this metaphorical rattrap. When the ironmaster’s daughter, Edla, treats the rattrap seller
with kindness, despite knowing he is not who he pretended to be, it allows him to reflect
on his actions and change for the better. In the end, he leaves behind the stolen money
and a note thanking Edla for helping him escape the "rattrap" of life. The title, therefore,
is justified as it not only represents the protagonist's worldview but also the central
message of the story—that kindness can free people from the traps set by their own
actions and circumstances.
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STORY OUTLINE
Introduction of the Rattrap Seller
The story begins by introducing the main character, a poor and lonely man who makes
and sells rattraps to survive. He has no real home and is often met with hostility by others.
His life is difficult, and he is bitter and resentful because of his poverty.
The Rattrap Seller's View of the World

The rattrap seller believes that the whole world is like a giant rattrap. Just as a rattrap
lures a rat with food, the world tempts people with wealth and happiness but eventually
traps them in suffering. This view reflects his negative outlook on life.
The Stealing of the Money

One day, the rattrap seller is given shelter by an old man. The old man is kind and
trusting, showing him hospitality. However, the rattrap seller is tempted by the old man's
money and steals it when the old man is asleep. This act of theft is his way of trying to
escape his own poverty, but it only leads to more trouble.
Lost in the Woods

After stealing the money, the rattrap seller tries to escape, but he ends up getting lost in
the woods. He feels trapped, just as he imagined people get trapped by the temptations of
life. His fear and guilt make him feel like he is caught in the very rattrap he talked about.
The Ironmaster's House

While wandering, the rattrap seller stumbles upon a house owned by an ironmaster. The
ironmaster mistakes him for an old friend and invites him to stay for Christmas. The
rattrap seller does not correct the ironmaster, hoping to benefit from this
misunderstanding.
The Kindness of Edla

The ironmaster’s daughter, Edla, sees through the rattrap seller's deception, but instead
of exposing him, she treats him with kindness. She invites him to stay for Christmas,
offering him warmth and care, even though she knows he is not who he pretends to be.
Her compassion has a deep impact on the rattrap seller.
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The Rattrap Seller's Transformation
Touched by Edla's kindness, the rattrap seller feels guilty for his actions. He realizes that
there is still goodness in the world, and this realization leads to a change in him. He
decides to return the stolen money and leave behind a note explaining that Edla's
kindness helped him escape the "rattrap" of his own making.
The Conclusion
In the end, the rattrap seller leaves the money and a note for Edla, thanking her for
treating him with respect and kindness. This final act shows that he has undergone a
transformation, moving away from his negative view of the world and becoming a better
person. The story concludes with the message that compassion and kindness can help
people overcome their struggles and make positive changes in their lives.
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STORY IN SIMPLIFIED FORM
Once upon a time, there was a poor man who wandered around selling rattraps. He was
a lonely and bitter man because life had been very hard on him. He often thought that the
whole world was like a big rattrap. Just like a rattrap catches rats with bait, the world,
he believed, traps people with things like money, food, and comfort, only to lead them into
trouble.
One day, the rattrap seller was tired and cold, so he knocked on the door of a small cottage
to ask for shelter. The old man living there was kind and let him in. He gave the rattrap
seller food and a place to sleep. The old man even showed him the money he had saved
from selling his cow. The rattrap seller couldn’t resist the temptation, so when the old
man was asleep, he stole the money and ran away.
After stealing the money, the rattrap seller felt guilty but also afraid of being caught. He
ran into the woods to hide but soon got lost. The forest felt like a maze, and he began to
feel like he was caught in a rattrap of his own making, just like he used to think about the
world.
While wandering in the forest, he stumbled upon a large iron mill. He decided to rest
there. The owner of the mill, the ironmaster, saw him and thought he was an old friend
from the army. The rattrap seller didn’t correct him, hoping to get some help. The
ironmaster invited him to his house for Christmas, but the rattrap seller hesitated. When
the ironmaster’s daughter, Edla, came to talk to him, she convinced him to come by
treating him with kindness and understanding.
At the ironmaster's house, the rattrap seller was given clean clothes, a warm meal, and a
comfortable place to stay. However, when he was cleaned up, the ironmaster realized he
was not the friend he thought he was. The ironmaster was angry and wanted to kick him
out, but Edla asked her father to let the man stay for Christmas. She could see that he
was lonely and needed help.
Edla's kindness deeply affected the rattrap seller. On Christmas morning, instead of
running away with more stolen goods, he left the house early. But before leaving, he
returned the stolen money, leaving it in a package along with a note for Edla. In the note,
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he thanked her for treating him with dignity and explained that her kindness had saved
him from the rattrap he felt he was stuck in.
The story ends on a hopeful note, showing that even someone who has made mistakes can
change if treated with compassion and respect. Edla's kindness transformed the rattrap
seller, proving that goodness and empathy can lead to positive changes in people’s lives.
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SUMMARY
"The Rattrap" by Selma Lagerlöf is a story about a poor, homeless man who sells rattraps
for a living. He leads a lonely and difficult life, and over time, he becomes bitter and
cynical about the world. He starts to believe that the world is like a giant rattrap. Just as
a rattrap tempts rats with bait and then traps them, the world, he thinks, tempts people
with riches, food, and comfort, only to trap them in misery.
One cold evening, the rattrap seller knocks on the door of a little cottage, looking for a
place to stay. An old man who lives there alone invites him in. The old man is kind-hearted
and generous. He gives the rattrap seller food, a place to sleep, and even shows him his
savings – thirty kronor that he had earned by selling his cow. The rattrap seller, tempted
by the money, steals it while the old man is sleeping and runs away.
After stealing the money, the rattrap seller feels guilty and scared. He wanders into a
forest, trying to avoid getting caught. But soon, he realizes he’s lost in the woods, and it
feels to him like he’s trapped in a giant rattrap, just as he imagined the world to be.
While wandering in the forest, the rattrap seller finds a large iron mill. He enters the mill
to rest and warm up. The owner of the mill, known as the ironmaster, sees him and
mistakes him for an old friend from his days in the army. The rattrap seller decides to
play along, hoping to get some help. The ironmaster invites him to his house for
Christmas, but the rattrap seller feels unsure and uneasy. Then, the ironmaster’s
daughter, Edla Willmansson, arrives and persuades him to come to their house. She
speaks to him with kindness and compassion, which touches him.
At the ironmaster’s house, the rattrap seller is treated with warmth and care. He is given
clean clothes, a good meal, and a comfortable bed. The next day, however, when he is
cleaned up, the ironmaster realizes that the rattrap seller is not his old friend. The
ironmaster gets angry and wants to throw him out, but Edla convinces her father to let
him stay for Christmas. She believes in treating him with kindness, regardless of who he
is.
This kindness has a profound impact on the rattrap seller. On Christmas morning,
instead of stealing more or running away, he leaves the house early. Before leaving, he
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places the thirty kronor he stole inside a package and leaves it for Edla along with a note.
In the note, he thanks her for her kindness and explains that her compassion helped him
escape from the "rattrap" of his own bad deeds and thoughts. He signs the note as
“Captain von Stahle,” the name he had been mistakenly called by the ironmaster, showing
that he wanted to leave his old, dishonest life behind.
The story ends with a message that kindness and compassion can transform even the most
troubled individuals. The rattrap seller, who was once trapped in his own bitterness and
dishonesty, is able to find redemption because of the simple, genuine kindness shown to
him by Edla.
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CRITICAL ANALYSIS
Background: "The Rattrap" is written by Swedish author Selma Lagerlöf, who was the
first woman to win the Nobel Prize in Literature. The story reflects themes of kindness,
redemption, and the contrast between wealth and poverty.
Setting: The story is set in the Swedish countryside during winter. The cold and bleak
environment adds to the atmosphere of loneliness and hardship faced by the main
character, the rattrap seller. Key locations include the old man’s cottage, the forest, and
the ironmaster’s house.
Tone: The tone of the story shifts from one of cynicism and bitterness to one of warmth
and hope. Initially, the rattrap seller’s view of the world is negative, but the tone softens
as the story progresses, especially with the introduction of Edla’s kindness.
Form and Structure: The story is a short narrative with a clear beginning, middle, and
end. It follows a straightforward chronological structure, focusing on the journey of the
rattrap seller and the changes he undergoes.
Language Use: Lagerlöf uses simple, yet descriptive language to create vivid imagery of
the harsh winter and the characters’ emotions. The language is accessible, making the
story easy to follow while still conveying deep themes.
Mood: The mood of the story is initially tense and somber, reflecting the rattrap seller’s
difficult life. However, as the story progresses, the mood becomes more hopeful and
uplifting, especially towards the end when the rattrap seller finds redemption.
Motifs: One of the main motifs in the story is the idea of the rattrap itself, which
symbolizes the traps and temptations of life. The constant reference to the rattrap
throughout the story reinforces the central theme of how people can become trapped by
their own desires and circumstances.
Plot Structure: The plot is linear and follows the rattrap seller’s journey from a life of
dishonesty to one of redemption. Key events include his interaction with the old man, his
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theft of the money, his encounter with the ironmaster and Edla, and his ultimate decision
to return the stolen money.
Theme: The story’s main theme is the power of kindness and compassion to bring about
change. It also explores the idea of life as a rattrap, where people can easily get caught in
their own selfishness and greed, but also have the potential to escape through acts of
kindness.
Central Theme: The central theme is redemption. The rattrap seller, initially cynical and
dishonest, is redeemed through the kindness shown to him by Edla. The story emphasizes
that no one is beyond saving and that compassion can lead to personal transformation.
Title: The title "The Rattrap" is symbolic. It represents both the physical rattraps that
the seller makes and the metaphorical rattrap of life that tempts people with false
promises, only to trap them in misery. The title is fitting because it encapsulates the main
idea of the story.
Symbolism: The rattrap is the key symbol in the story, representing life’s temptations and
the idea that people can get trapped by their own actions. The forest symbolizes the
confusion and fear the rattrap seller feels after stealing the money. Edla’s kindness
symbolizes the possibility of redemption.
Literary Devices: Lagerlöf uses several literary devices, including metaphor (the rattrap
as life), symbolism (the money, the forest), and irony (the rattrap seller being caught in a
trap of his own making). These devices enhance the story’s themes and emotional impact.
Message: The message of the story is that everyone has the potential for change, no matter
how lost they may seem. Kindness and compassion can help people escape from the traps
of their own making and find a better path in life.
Conclusion: In conclusion, "The Rattrap" is a powerful story about redemption and the
transformative power of kindness. Through its simple yet profound narrative, it teaches
readers that even those who seem beyond hope can find a way out of their personal
"rattraps" if they are shown compassion and understanding. The story’s themes,
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symbolism, and character development make it a memorable and thought-provoking
read.
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THEMES
Redemption: The main theme of "The Rattrap" is redemption, which means being saved
or forgiven for past mistakes. The story shows how the rattrap seller, who starts off as a
dishonest and bitter person, finds a way to change and become better because of the
kindness shown to him by Edla.
Kindness and Compassion: The story highlights the importance of kindness and
compassion. Edla’s gentle and caring behavior towards the rattrap seller, even when she
knows he could be a thief, helps him realize that there is still goodness in the world, and
this leads him to change his ways.
Life as a Rattrap: The metaphor of the rattrap represents the idea that life can trap people
with its temptations, such as money, power, or material possessions. The rattrap seller
believes that the world is like a giant rattrap, luring people in with false promises and
then trapping them in misery.
The Power of Forgiveness: Forgiveness is another key theme. When the rattrap seller is
forgiven by Edla, despite his wrongdoings, it gives him a chance to start over. This shows
how forgiving others can lead to positive change in their lives.
Contrast Between Wealth and Poverty: The story contrasts the lives of the rich and the
poor. The rattrap seller, who is poor, views the world negatively, while the rich ironmaster
and his daughter live comfortably. However, it is the kindness of the wealthy Edla that
helps bridge this gap, showing that humanity transcends social class.
These themes help convey the story's messages about the human condition, the impact of
kindness, and the possibility of redemption, making it a meaningful and relatable
narrative for readers.
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CENTRAL IDEA
The central idea of "The Rattrap" by Selma Lagerlöf is about how life can be like a
rattrap, full of temptations and traps that can lead people into trouble. However, the story
also shows that even someone who has fallen into these traps can be saved and redeemed
through kindness and compassion. The rattrap seller, who starts off as a bitter and
dishonest person, experiences a change of heart because of the generosity and
understanding shown to him by Edla. This highlights the power of kindness in
transforming lives and the possibility of redemption for everyone, no matter their past
mistakes.
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SYMBOLISM
The Rattrap: The rattrap itself symbolizes the way life can lure people with tempting
offers of wealth, comfort, and pleasure. Just like a rattrap that catches mice with bait, the
world offers enticing things that can trap people and lead them into difficult situations if
they are not careful.
The Money: The money that the rattrap seller steals from the crofter represents the
material temptations that can ensnare people. It also symbolizes the rattrap seller's initial
greed and desperation. When he later returns the money, it symbolizes his realization of
the trap he had fallen into and his attempt to make amends.
The Ironmaster's House: The ironmaster’s home symbolizes wealth and social status. It
is a place of comfort and security, which contrasts sharply with the rattrap seller's life of
hardship and uncertainty. The ironmaster's house represents the allure of wealth and
how it can either be a trap or a place of genuine kindness and redemption.
Edla's Compassion: Edla’s kindness and invitation to stay for Christmas symbolize the
power of compassion and understanding. Her actions contrast with the cold, judgmental
attitudes of others and show how empathy can lead to personal transformation and
redemption.
The Letter: The letter left by the rattrap seller symbolizes his acknowledgment of the
rattrap he had created for himself and his attempt to repay the kindness he received. It
also reflects his self-awareness and transformation from a thief to someone who
appreciates and acknowledges the goodness he encountered.
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CHARACTERS
The Rattrap Peddler:
Description: The main character, a vagabond who sells homemade rattraps. He is poor,
ragged, and struggles to survive by begging and stealing.
Role: His experiences and thoughts drive the story. He views the world as a giant rattrap
that ensnares people with tempting offers. His character undergoes a transformation
from a desperate thief to a man who learns about kindness and redemption.
The Old Crofter:

Description: An elderly man living alone in a small cottage. He used to work at Ramsjo
Ironworks and now supports himself with the milk from his cow.
Role: He represents kindness and trust. He takes in the rattrap seller, offers him food and
shelter, and shows him generosity. His trust is betrayed when the peddler steals his money.
The Ironmaster:
Description: The wealthy owner of Ramsjo Ironworks. He is a former army captain and
is concerned with maintaining the quality of his ironworks.
Role: He initially mistakes the rattrap seller for an old acquaintance and invites him to
stay at his manor. His character highlights the disparity between wealth and poverty, and
his actions reflect his initial suspicion and later acceptance of the stranger.
Edla Willmansson:
Description: The ironmaster’s daughter, who is kind, modest, and compassionate. She is
concerned for the rattrap seller’s well-being and insists that he stay for Christmas.
Role: She represents empathy and kindness. Her compassion towards the rattrap seller
leads to his transformation and redemption. She is pivotal in turning the story towards a
positive resolution.
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LITERARY DEVICES
1. "He made them himself at odd moments, from the material he got by begging in the
stores or at the big farms."
Literary Device: Imagery
a. Explanation: This line creates a vivid picture of how the peddler obtains his
materials, giving a sense of his difficult and makeshift life.
2. "But even so, the business was not especially profitable, so he had to resort to both
begging and petty thievery to keep body and soul together."
Literary Device: Metaphor
Explanation: "Keep body and soul together" is a metaphor for survival, indicating
that the man’s basic needs are barely being met.
3. "Even so, his clothes were in rags, his cheeks were sunken, and hunger gleamed in
his eyes."
Explanation: Describes the man’s physical state in a vivid manner, using details to
show his poverty and suffering.
4. "No one can imagine how sad and monotonous life can appear to such a vagabond,
who plods along the road, left to his own meditations."
Literary Device: Hyperbole
Explanation: The phrase "no one can imagine" exaggerates the vagabond's bleak
existence to emphasize how dismal and repetitive his life feels.
5. "But one day this man had fallen into a line of thought, which really seemed to him
entertaining."
Literary Device: Irony
Explanation: It is ironic that a man in such a dire situation finds entertainment in a
thought that reflects his bleak view of the world.
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6. "He had naturally been thinking of his rattraps when suddenly he was struck by the
idea that the whole world about him — the whole world with its lands and seas, its
cities and villages — was nothing but a big rattrap."
Literary Device: Simile
Explanation: Compares the world to a "big rattrap," suggesting that life is a trap
that lures people in with tempting rewards, similar to how a rattrap entices rats.
7. "It had never existed for any other purpose than to set baits for people."
Literary Device: Personification
Explanation: The world is personified as if it has the intent to set traps and baits for
people, which emphasizes the man's cynical view.
8. "It offered riches and joys, shelter and food, heat and clothing, exactly as the rattrap
offered cheese and pork, and as soon as anyone let himself be tempted to touch the
bait, it closed in on him, and then everything came to an end."
Literary Device: Parallelism
Explanation: The repetition of the structure ("offered riches and joys...exactly as the
rattrap offered cheese and pork") emphasizes the similarity between the world and
a rattrap.

Explanation: The comparison of the world to a rattrap is extended here to illustrate
the idea that life’s temptations lead to one's downfall.
9. "The world had, of course, never been very kind to him, so it gave him unwonted joy
to think ill of it in this way."
Explanation: The man finds joy in thinking negatively about the world, which is
ironic because his dissatisfaction with life is what makes this cynical view appealing.
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10. "It became a cherished pastime of his, during many dreary ploddings, to think of
people he knew who had let themselves be caught in the dangerous snare, and of
others who were still circling around the bait."
Explanation: Describes people being "caught in the dangerous snare" and "circling
around the bait" as metaphors for falling into traps set by life's temptations.
11. "One dark evening as he was trudging along the road he caught sight of a little gray
cottage by the roadside, and he knocked on the door to ask shelter for the night."
Explanation: The "dark evening" and "little gray cottage" create a vivid scene that
sets the mood for the encounter.
12. "Instead of the sour faces which ordinarily met him, the owner, who was an old man
without wife or child, was happy to get someone to talk to in his loneliness."
Literary Device: Contrast
Explanation: Contrasts the usual negative experiences the peddler faces with the
warmth and friendliness of the old man.
13. "Immediately he put the porridge pot on the fire and gave him supper; then he carved
off such a big slice from his tobacco roll that it was enough both for the stranger’s
pipe and his own."
Explanation: Provides a vivid picture of the old man's hospitality, highlighting his
generosity.
14. "Finally, he got out an old pack of cards and played ‘mjolis’ with his guest until
bedtime."
Explanation: Describes the scene of playing cards, contributing to the portrayal of
the old man’s kindness and the comfortable environment.
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15. "The old man was just as generous with his confidences as with his porridge and
tobacco."
Explanation: Compares the old man’s openness in sharing his personal life to his
generosity with food, emphasizing his overall warmth and hospitality.
16. "Now that he was no longer able to do day labour, it was his cow which supported
him."
Explanation: Ironically, despite having worked hard in the past, the old man is now
supported by his cow, which contrasts with the industrious life he once led.
17. "These he held up before the eyes of his guest, nodding knowingly, and then stuffed
them back into the pouch."
Explanation: Describes the old man’s actions, creating a visual image of him showing
and then putting away the money, emphasizing his pride and confidence.
18. "The crofter was in a hurry to milk his cow, and the other man probably thought he
should not stay in bed when the head of the house had gotten up."
Explanation: Highlights the contrast between the crofter’s urgency and the peddler’s
motivation to leave, showing their different priorities and circumstances.
19. "The crofter locked the door and put the key in his pocket."
Explanation: Creates a clear image of the crofter securing his home, adding to the
narrative's realism and indicating his careful nature.
20. "He did not try to get in, however. He only went up to the window, smashed a pane,
stuck in his hand, and got hold of the pouch with the thirty kronor."
Literary Device: Action and Imagery
Explanation: Describes the peddler’s criminal act in detail, creating a vivid image of
his actions and emphasizing his deceitful behavior.
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21. "Then he hung the leather pouch very carefully back in its place and went away."
Explanation: Ironically, the peddler’s careful replacement of the pouch contrasts
with his dishonest act, highlighting his attempt to cover up his theft.
22. "He realised, of course, that at first, he dared not continue on the public highway, but
must turn off the road, into the woods."
Literary Device: Foreshadowing
Explanation: Suggests that the peddler is aware of the need to avoid detection, hinting
at future trouble and his growing unease.
23. "During the first hours this caused him no difficulty."

Literary Device: Contrasts
Explanation: Sets up a contrast between the initial ease and the later difficulties,
preparing the reader for the peddler’s upcoming challenges.
24. "Later in the day it became worse, for it was a big and confusing forest which he had
gotten into."
Explanation: Creates a vivid picture of the forest's complexity, emphasizing the
peddler's increasing sense of disorientation.
25. "He tried, to be sure, to walk in a definite direction, but the paths twisted back and
forth so strangely!"
Explanation: Visualizes the confusing nature of the forest paths, conveying the
peddler’s frustration and sense of entrapment.
26. "He walked and walked without coming to the end of the wood, and finally he realised
that he had only been walking around in the same part of the forest."
Literary Device: Repetition
Explanation: Repetition of "walked" emphasizes the peddler’s futile efforts and
growing frustration.
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27. "All at once he recalled his thoughts about the world and the rattrap."
Literary Device: Flashback
Explanation: Provides a moment of realization and connection between the peddler's
earlier thoughts and his current predicament.
28. "Now his own turn had come."

Explanation: Ironically, the peddler himself has become trapped in the same kind of
snare he previously saw as a metaphor for the world.
29. "He had let himself be fooled by a bait and had been caught."
Explanation: The metaphor of "bait" and "caught" links the peddler's situation to
his earlier analogy of the world as a rattrap.
30. "The whole forest, with its trunks and branches, its thickets and fallen logs, closed in
upon him like an impenetrable prison from which he could never escape."
Explanation: Compares the forest to an "impenetrable prison," emphasizing the
peddler’s sense of being trapped and helpless.
31. "It was late in December. Darkness was already descending over the forest."
Literary Device: Seasonal Imagery
Explanation: Sets the scene by describing the time of year and the encroaching
darkness, creating a somber and foreboding atmosphere.
32. "This increased the danger, and increased also his gloom and despair."
Literary Device: Parallelism
Explanation: Repeats the structure of the phrase to emphasize the growing sense of
danger and despair.
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33. "Finally, he saw no way out, and he sank down on the ground, tired to death, thinking
that his last moment had come."
Literary Device: Hyperbole
Explanation: The phrase "tired to death" exaggerates the peddler’s exhaustion to
highlight his extreme fatigue and hopelessness.
34. "But just as he laid his head on the ground, he heard a sound—a hard regular
thumping."
Literary Device: Onomatopoeia
Explanation: The word "thumping" mimics the sound he hears, creating an auditory
image that adds to the suspense.
35. "There was no doubt as to what that was."

Literary Device: Direct Address
Explanation: Directly acknowledges the certainty of the sound, building anticipation
and confirming its significance to the peddler.
36. "He raised himself. ‘Those are the hammer strokes from an iron mill’"
Literary Device: Internal Monologue
Explanation: Reveals the peddler’s thought process, showing his reasoning and hope
upon hearing the sound.
37. "He summoned all his strength, got up, and staggered in the direction of the sound."
Literary Device: Action and Imagery
Explanation: Describes the peddler’s physical effort and exhaustion, creating a vivid
image of his struggle to move towards the sound.
38. "The Ramsjo Ironworks, which are now closed down, were, not so long ago, a large
plant, with smelter, rolling mill, and forge."
Literary Device: Historical Context
Explanation: Provides background information about the ironworks, giving a sense
of its past importance and setting up the current scene.
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39. "In the summertime long lines of heavily loaded barges and scows slid down the
canal, which led to a large inland lake, and in the wintertime the roads near the mill
were black from all the coal dust which sifted down from the big charcoal crates."
Explanation: Paints a detailed picture of the ironworks’ operations in different
seasons, enhancing the setting and its industrial atmosphere.
40. "During one of the long dark evenings just before Christmas, the master smith and
his helper sat in the dark forge near the furnace waiting for the pig iron, which had
been put in the fire, to be ready to put on the anvil."
Literary Device Imagery
Explanation: Establishes the time and setting with detailed imagery, creating a vivid
atmosphere of work and anticipation.
41. "Every now and then one of them got up to stir the glowing mass with a long iron
bar, returning in a few moments, dripping with perspiration, though, as was the
custom, he wore nothing but a long shirt and a pair of wooden shoes."
Literary Device: Visual Imagery
Explanation: Provides a detailed description of the blacksmiths' labor and attire,
adding realism and emphasizing their physical effort and the heat of the forge.
42. "All the time there were many sounds to be heard in the forge."
Literary Device: Auditory Imagery
Explanation: Sets the scene with a focus on the continuous noise of the forge,
immersing the reader in the environment.
43. "The big bellows groaned and the burning coal cracked."
Literary Device: Onomatopoeia
Explanation: Uses sound words ("groaned" and "cracked") to create an auditory
experience, adding to the sensory detail of the forge.
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44. "The fire boy shovelled charcoal into the maw of the furnace with a great deal of
clatter."
Literary Device: Imagery and Onomatopoeia
Explanation: The phrase "great deal of clatter" describes the noise made, enhancing
the sense of a busy and noisy environment.
45. "Outside roared the waterfall, and a sharp north wind whipped the rain against the
brick-tiled roof."
Literary Device: Personification and Auditory Imagery
Explanation: Personifies the waterfall and wind, creating a dynamic and vivid
soundscape that contrasts with the warmth inside the forge.
46. "Surely it was nothing unusual for poor vagabonds without any better shelter for the
night to be attracted to the forge by the glow of light which escaped through the sooty
panes, and to come in to warm themselves in front of the fire."
Explanation: Generalizes the behavior of vagabonds seeking warmth, creating a
realistic picture of their situation and the forge's appeal.
47. "He watched both night and day to see that the work was done as well as possible,
and at this very moment he came into the forge on one of his nightly rounds of
inspection."
Literary Device: Imagery and Repetition
Explanation: The imagery of "nightly rounds of inspection" emphasizes the
ironmaster’s diligence and meticulous nature. The repetition of "both night and day"
highlights his constant vigilance.
48. "Naturally the first thing he saw was the tall ragamuffin who had eased his way so
close to the furnace that steam rose from his wet rags."
Explanation: Creates a vivid image of the tramp’s appearance and situation, using
"steam rose from his wet rags" to convey his dire condition and the warmth of the
furnace.
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49. "The ironmaster did not follow the example of the blacksmiths, who had hardly
deigned to look at the stranger."
Explanation: Contrasts the ironmaster’s behavior with that of the blacksmiths,
highlighting the ironmaster’s more attentive and interested approach.
50. "‘Yes, God knows things have gone downhill with me,’ he said."
Literary Device: Dialogue and Hyperbole
Explanation: The phrase "things have gone downhill" exaggerates the tramp’s
misfortune, adding to the sense of his hardship and eliciting sympathy.
51. "To go along up to the manor house and be received by the owner like an old
regimental comrade — that, however, did not please the tramp."
Explanation: Contrasts the ironmaster’s expectations with the tramp’s reluctance,
revealing his discomfort and desire to avoid recognition.
52. "He thought of the thirty kronor. To go up to the manor house would be like throwing
himself voluntarily into the lion’s den."
Explanation: The simile "like throwing himself voluntarily into the lion’s den"
compares the act of going to the manor house to willingly entering a dangerous
situation, emphasizing the tramp's fear and apprehension about facing the
ironmaster and his household.
53. "‘Please don’t think that I have such a fine home that you cannot show yourself
there’," He said...
Literary Device: Dialogue and Irony
Explanation: The ironmaster’s dialogue contains irony; he downplays the value of his
home to reassure the tramp, while in reality, the tramp’s refusal is based on different
concerns.
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54. "Now come along with me and help us make the Christmas food disappear a little
faster."
Explanation: The phrase "make the Christmas food disappear" is a metaphor for
eating and enjoying the holiday feast, making the invitation sound more casual and
inviting.
55. "But the stranger said no, and no, and again no, and the ironmaster saw that he must
give in."
Explanation: The repetition of "no" emphasizes the tramp’s firm refusal and the
ironmaster’s realization that he cannot convince him.
56. "But he laughed to himself as he went away, and the blacksmith, who knew him,
understood very well that he had not said his last word."
Explanation: The ironmaster’s laughter and the blacksmith’s understanding suggest
that the ironmaster might make another attempt to persuade the tramp, creating
suspense about what will happen next.
57. "She entered, followed by a valet, carrying on his arm a big fur coat."
Explanation: The imagery of the valet carrying a big fur coat highlights the wealth
and formality of the ironmaster’s family, contrasting with the tramp’s ragged
appearance.
58. "In the forge everything was just as it had been earlier in the evening."
Explanation: The repetition of the forge’s unchanged state emphasizes the continuity
of the tramp’s situation and the contrast with the new development.
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59. "The master blacksmith and his apprentice still sat on their bench, and iron and
charcoal still glowed in the furnace."
Explanation: Creates a vivid image of the forge’s activity, reinforcing the contrast
between the normalcy of the forge and the extraordinary events unfolding.
60. "The stranger had stretched himself out on the floor and lay with a piece of pig iron
under his head and his hat pulled down over his eyes."
Explanation: Provides a detailed image of the tramp’s comfort and exhaustion,
emphasizing his dishevelled and worn state.
61. "As soon as the young girl caught sight of him, she went up and lifted his hat."
Literary Device: Action and Symbolism
Explanation: The action of lifting the hat symbolizes the beginning of a new
interaction and the uncovering of the tramp’s identity, which reveals his alertness
even while resting.
62. ‘‘It would never have occurred to me that you would bother with me yourself, miss,’’
he said. ‘’I will come at once.’’
Literary Device: Dialogue and Irony
Explanation: The tramp’s dialogue reflects his surprise and gratitude, which
contrasts with his earlier suspicion, creating situational irony.
63. ‘‘He accepted the fur coat, which the valet handed him with a deep bow, threw it over
his rags, and followed the young lady out to the carriage, without granting the
astonished blacksmiths so much as a glance.’’
Explanation: Creates a visual image of the tramp’s transformation and his disregard
for the blacksmiths, emphasizing his focus on the new opportunity.
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64. ‘‘But while he was riding up to the manor house, he had evil forebodings.’’
Explanation: The phrase “evil forebodings” hints at the tramp’s anxiety and
anticipation of trouble, suggesting that something negative might happen.
65. ‘‘‘‘Why the devil did I take that fellow’s money?’’ he thought. ‘‘Now I am sitting in
the trap and will never get out of it.’’’
Literary Devices:
Metaphor: “Sitting in the trap” refers to feeling caught or trapped by his own actions,
reflecting the central theme of being caught in one’s own trap.
66. “First of all, we must see to it that he gets a little flesh on his bones,” he said to his
daughter, who was busy at the table. “And then we must see that he gets something
else to do than to run around the country selling rattraps.”
Literary Devices:
Metaphor: “Gets a little flesh on his bones” suggests making the tramp healthier and
better cared for.
Dialogue: Shows the ironmaster’s intentions and his desire to help the tramp improve
his situation.
67. “It is queer that things have gone downhill with him as badly as that,” said the
daughter. “Last night I did not think there was anything about him to show that he
had once been an educated man.”
Explanation: The daughter’s comment is ironic because she is surprised that someone
who appears so refined now was once an educated man. This highlights the contrast
between appearances and reality, and reveals her misunderstanding of the tramp’s
true situation.
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68. “You must have patience, my little girl,” said the father. “As soon as he gets clean and
dressed up, you will see something different. Last night he was naturally
embarrassed. The tramp manners will fall away from him with the tramp clothes.”
Literary Devices:
Metaphor: "The tramp manners will fall away from him with the tramp clothes"
suggests that the tramp's behaviors and appearance are closely tied to his clothing.
This implies that changing his clothes will change how he behaves or is perceived.
69. “The valet had bathed him, cut his hair, and shaved him. Moreover, he was dressed
in a good-looking suit of clothes which belonged to the ironmaster. He wore a white
shirt and a starched collar and whole shoes.”
Explanation: Creates a vivid image of the tramp’s transformation, highlighting the
stark difference from his previous appearance to his current polished state.
70. “But although his guest was now so well groomed, the ironmaster did not seem
pleased.”
Explanation: Emphasizes the difference between the ironmaster’s expectations and
his actual reaction to the tramp’s appearance, indicating that appearance alone does
not satisfy him.
71. “He looked at him with puckered brow, and it was easy to understand that when he
had seen the strange fellow in the uncertain reflection from the furnace, he might
have made a mistake, but that now, when he stood there in broad daylight, it was
impossible to mistake him for an old acquaintance.”
Literary Devices:
Irony: The ironmaster’s “puckered brow” shows his confusion or displeasure. The
irony lies in the fact that the tramp was mistaken for someone else due to poor lighting
and is now clearly not who he was thought to be.
Imagery: Describes the ironmaster’s realization process, creating a visual of the

moment when the truth becomes clear.
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72. “What does this mean?” he thundered.
Explanation: The word “thundered” is a metaphor for the ironmaster’s angry and
loud questioning, showing his frustration and shock.
73. “The stranger made no attempt to dissimulate. He saw at once that the splendour had
come to an end.”
Literary Devices:
Metaphor: “The splendour had come to an end” indicates that the temporary luxury
and deception are over.
74. “Well,” said the ironmaster, hesitating a little, “it was not quite honest, either. You
must admit that, and I should not be surprised if the sheriff would like to have
something to say in the matter.”
Explanation: The ironmaster’s words hint at potential legal consequences for the
tramp, foreshadowing the possibility of trouble ahead.
75. “The tramp took a step forward and struck the table with his fist.”
Literary Device: Symbolism
Explanation: The tramp’s action of striking the table symbolizes his frustration and
desperation, and emphasizes his emotional response to the situation.
76. “Now I am going to tell you, Mr Ironmaster, how things are,” he said. “This whole
world is nothing but a big rattrap. All the good things that are offered to you are
nothing but cheese rinds and bits of pork, set out to drag a poor fellow into trouble.
And if the sheriff comes now and locks me up for this, then you, Mr Ironmaster, must
remember that a day may come when you yourself may want to get a big piece of
pork, and then you will get caught in the trap.”
Literary Devices:
Metaphor: The entire world is compared to a "big rattrap," with "cheese rinds and
bits of pork" symbolizing temptations that lead people into trouble. This metaphor
reinforces the central theme of the story, which is that life’s temptations can ensnare
individuals just like a rattrap catches rats.
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Symbolism: The "rattrap" symbolizes the deceptive nature of worldly temptations
and the consequences of falling for them.
Foreshadowing: The mention of the sheriff and getting caught in the trap hints at the
possibility of future consequences for the ironmaster if he, too, falls victim to
temptation.
77. “I am thinking of this stranger here,” said the young girl. “He walks and walks the
whole year long, and there is probably not a single place in the whole country where
he is welcome and can feel at home. Wherever he turns he is chased away. Always he
is afraid of being arrested and cross-examined. I should like to have him enjoy a day
of peace with us here — just one in the whole year.”
Literary Devices:
Repetition: The repetition of “walks and walks” and “chased away” emphasizes the
tramp’s relentless and dismal life, reinforcing the need for compassion.
78. “You do preach worse than a parson,” said the ironmaster. “I only hope you won’t
have to regret this.”
Literary Devices:
Simile: “You do preach worse than a parson” compares the tramp’s moralizing to a
preacher’s sermon, emphasizing how the ironmaster perceives his words as overly
preachy.
Irony: The ironmaster's statement reflects his underlying skepticism about the
tramp’s philosophical views while conceding to the daughter’s wishes. The irony lies
in the fact that he doubts the tramp’s sincerity but still accommodates him.
79. After that, Christmas Eve at Ramsjo passed just as it always had.
Explanation: The normalcy of Christmas Eve contrasts with the tramp’s unusual
experience, highlighting how the evening is routine for the family but transformative
for him.
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80. The whole forenoon he lay on the sofa in one of the guest rooms and slept at one
stretch.
Explanation: The imagery of the tramp sleeping “at one stretch” conveys his
exhaustion and the comfort he finds in the restful environment.
81. At noon they woke him up so that he could have his share of the good Christmas fare,
but after that he slept again.
Explanation: The contrast between waking up for Christmas food and returning to
sleep emphasizes the tramp’s overwhelming tiredness and contentment with the
hospitality.
82. It seemed as though for many years he had not been able to sleep as quietly and safely
as here at Ramsjo.
Explanation: The comparison of his sleep at Ramsjo to years of unrest underscores
the profound impact of the kindness he experiences, highlighting the contrast
between his past and present circumstances.
83. In the evening, when the Christmas tree was lighted, they woke him up again, and he
stood for a while in the drawing room, blinking as though the candlelight hurt him,
but after that he disappeared again.
Literary Device: Simile and Imagery
Explanation: The simile “as though the candlelight hurt him” and the imagery of him
blinking and then disappearing emphasize his disorientation and the newness of the
experience for him.
84. Two hours later he was aroused once more. He then had to go down into the dining
room and eat the Christmas fish and porridge.
Explanation: The repetition of being “aroused” and the detailed mention of the
Christmas meal highlight the structured, yet caring, nature of the hospitality he
receives.
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85. As soon as they got up from the table he went around to each one present and said
thank you and good night, but when he came to the young girl she gave him to
understand that it was her father’s intention that the suit which he wore was to be a
Christmas present — he did not have to return it; and if he wanted to spend next
Christmas Eve in a place where he could rest in peace, and be sure that no evil would
befall him, he would be welcomed back again.
Literary Devices:
Imagery: The description of the suit as a Christmas present and the offer to return
the following year creates a vivid picture of the tramp’s newfound security and
welcome.
86. "When, at about ten o’clock, they drove back from the church, the young girl sat and
hung her head even more dejectedly than usual."
Explanation: The imagery of the girl hanging her head and her dejected demeanor
sets a melancholic tone, reflecting her distress over the news she learned at church.
87. “Yes, that was a fine fellow you let into the house,” said her father. “I only wonder
how many silver spoons are left in the cupboard by this time.”
Literary Devices:
Irony: The father’s comment is ironic because, despite the kindness shown to the
tramp, he implies that the stranger might have stolen valuables.
Hyperbole: The speculation about “silver spoons” exaggerates the fear of theft,
reflecting the father's concern and mistrust.
88. "On the contrary, he had left behind a little package which Miss Willmansson was to
be kind enough to accept as a Christmas present."
Literary Device: Contrast and Irony
Explanation: The contrast between the expected theft and the actual gift creates irony
and sets the stage for the revelation of the tramp’s true intentions.
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89. "The young girl opened the package, which was so badly done up that the contents
came into view at once."
Explanation: The imagery of the poorly wrapped package highlights the tramp’s
humble and unrefined manner, contrasting with the value of the contents.
90. "She found a small rattrap, and in it lay three wrinkled ten kronor notes."
Literary Device: Imagery and Symbolism
Explanation: The imagery of the small rattrap and the wrinkled notes symbolizes the
tramp’s gesture of redemption and his attempt to make amends. The rattrap, a
symbol of entrapment, contrasts with the notes, representing restitution.
91. “Honoured and noble Miss, / Since you have been so nice to me all day long, as if I
was a captain, I want to be nice to you, in return, as if I was a real captain — for I do
not want you to be embarrassed at this Christmas season by a thief;"
Literary Devices:
Irony: The tramp refers to himself as a “captain” to humorously highlight his own
transformation and the irony of his situation.
Contrast: The contrast between his previous role as a tramp and his current role as
a “captain” underscores the dramatic shift in his behavior and the respect he holds
for the girl’s kindness.
92. "but you can give back the money to the old man on the roadside, who has the money
pouch hanging on the window frame as a bait for poor wanderers."
Explanation: The “money pouch hanging on the window frame” acts as a metaphor
for the trap set by the old crofter, emphasizing the cycle of entrapment and
redemption.
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93. “The rattrap is a Christmas present from a rat who would have been caught in this
world’s rattrap if he had not been raised to captain, because in that way he got power
to clear himself.”
Literary Device: Metaphor and Symbolism
Explanation: The rattrap symbolizes the traps and entrapments of life, while the
tramp’s elevation to “captain” represents his escape from those traps and his
redemption. This metaphor ties together the themes of entrapment and liberation.
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TEXT PARAPHRASE EXPLANATION
EXPLANATION
SUMMARY & ANALYSIS
Once upon a time there was a man who went around selling small rattraps of wire. He made
them himself at odd moments, from the material he got by begging in the stores or at the big
farms. But even so, the business was not especially profitable, so he had to resort to both
begging and petty thievery to keep body and soul together. Even so, his clothes were in rags,
his cheeks were sunken, and hunger gleamed in his eyes.
Paraphrase
There was once a man who made a living by selling small rattraps, which he crafted
himself from wire that he collected by begging from shops and large farms. Despite his
efforts, his business was not very successful, and he had to rely on both begging and minor
theft to survive. His appearance reflected his struggles—his clothes were tattered, his
cheeks hollow, and his eyes showed signs of hunger.
Explanation with Underlying Meaning

The story introduces a man who symbolizes the harsh realities of poverty. His life of
selling rattraps, a job that barely sustains him, represents the traps and struggles of life
itself. The rattrap he sells is a metaphor for the traps that people, like himself, often fall
into, such as poverty, crime, and hopelessness. His need to beg and steal highlights the
desperation and moral compromises that poverty can force upon a person. The
description of his physical appearance emphasizes the toll that this life of hardship has
taken on him, making the reader aware of the deep struggle for survival that he faces
daily.
Summary
The story tells of a man who survives by selling rattraps that he makes from materials he
gathers through begging. Despite his efforts, his business is unprofitable, forcing him to
resort to begging and stealing to survive. His poor condition is evident in his tattered
clothing and his hungry appearance.
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Analysis
This passage paints a vivid picture of a man's life of poverty and struggle. The rattraps
he makes and sells symbolize the traps of life that ensnare people in cycles of poverty and
despair. His reliance on begging and stealing suggests that his circumstances have pushed
him to the edge of society, where survival often requires bending moral codes. The
physical description of the man emphasizes the harsh reality of his existence, portraying
him as a victim of circumstance rather than a villain. The story sets the stage for a deeper
exploration of the themes of poverty, desperation, and the moral dilemmas that arise from
living in such conditions.
No one can imagine how sad and monotonous life can appear to such a vagabond, who plods
along the road, left to his own meditations. But one day this man had fallen into a line of
thought, which really seemed to him entertaining. He had naturally been thinking of his
rattraps when suddenly he was struck by the idea that the whole world about him — the
whole world with its lands and seas, its cities and villages — was nothing but a big rattrap.
It had never existed for any other purpose than to set baits for people. It offered riches and
joys, shelter and food, heat and clothing, exactly as the rattrap offered cheese and pork, and
as soon as anyone let himself be tempted to touch the bait, it closed in on him, and then
everything came to an end.
Paraphrase
The life of the vagabond was filled with sadness and monotony as he walked along the
road, lost in his thoughts. However, one day, he found himself thinking about something
that caught his interest. While reflecting on his rattraps, a new idea occurred to him: he
imagined that the entire world around him, including the lands, seas, cities, and villages,
was just a giant rattrap. He believed that the world existed solely to lure people in with
promises of wealth, happiness, shelter, food, warmth, and clothing, much like a rattrap
uses bait like cheese or pork. Once someone was tempted by these worldly offerings, the
trap would spring shut, ending everything for them.

The passage delves into the vagabond's inner thoughts, revealing how his bleak and lonely
existence led him to a cynical view of the world. He likens life itself to a rattrap, where
the temptations of the world—such as wealth, comfort, and happiness—are merely traps
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that ensnare people. This metaphor suggests that he sees the world as a deceptive place,
where what seems like a blessing is actually a trap waiting to ensnare those who seek it.
This perspective reflects the man’s deep disillusionment and mistrust of the world, shaped
by his experiences of poverty and hardship.
Summary
The passage describes how the vagabond, while lost in his thoughts, came up with the idea
that the entire world is like a giant rattrap. He believed that the world is designed to tempt
people with riches and comforts, only to trap them when they reach out for these things.
Analysis
This section of the story provides insight into the vagabond's mindset, revealing how his
difficult life has led him to view the world through a lens of distrust and cynicism. The
rattrap metaphor is significant, as it encapsulates his belief that the world is full of hidden
dangers and that people are inevitably doomed to be trapped by their desires and
ambitions. This idea reflects the existential struggles of those who live on the fringes of
society, where the pursuit of basic needs can feel like a trap that ultimately leads to
suffering. The vagabond’s perspective is shaped by his own experiences, suggesting that
his worldview is a result of the harsh realities he has faced.
The world had, of course, never been very kind to him, so it gave him unwonted joy to think
ill of it in this way. It became a cherished pastime of his, during many dreary ploddings, to
think of people he knew who had let themselves be caught in the dangerous snare, and of
others who were still circling around the bait.
Paraphrase
The world had not treated him well, so he found unexpected pleasure in thinking
negatively about it in this way. It became a favorite activity of his during his long, dull
walks to imagine the people he knew who had already fallen into the dangerous trap and
others who were still hovering around the bait, on the verge of being caught.

This passage reveals that the man’s harsh experiences have led him to derive a sense of
satisfaction from his cynical view of the world. Since life has been unkind to him, he finds
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a twisted joy in thinking poorly of it. This attitude becomes a coping mechanism, allowing
him to feel a sense of superiority or comfort in imagining others being trapped by the
world’s temptations, just as he believes he has been. His thoughts about those who have
already been ensnared and those who are close to falling into the trap highlight his belief
that everyone is vulnerable to the deceptive allure of the world.
Summary
The passage describes how, because the world had treated him unkindly, the man took
pleasure in thinking negatively about it. He often occupied his time by imagining people
he knew getting trapped by the world’s temptations, as well as those who were close to
falling into the trap.
Analysis
This part of the story delves deeper into the psychological effects of the vagabond’s life of
hardship. His enjoyment in thinking ill of the world reflects a coping mechanism born out
of bitterness and resentment. By focusing on the idea that others are also being trapped
by the world's temptations, he distances himself from his own suffering and perhaps feels
a sense of vindication or control. This mindset suggests that his negative experiences have
not only shaped his worldview but also his emotional responses, leading him to find
comfort in the idea that the world is full of traps that ensnare everyone, not just him. The
passage emphasizes how suffering can distort a person's view of the world, leading them
to take solace in negative thoughts.
One dark evening as he was trudging along the road he caught sight of a little gray cottage
by the roadside, and he knocked on the door to ask shelter for the night. Nor was he refused.
Instead of the sour faces which ordinarily met him, the owner, who was an old man without
wife or child, was happy to get someone to talk to in his loneliness. Immediately he put the
porridge pot on the fire and gave him supper; then he carved off such a big slice from his
tobacco roll that it was enough both for the stranger’s pipe and his own. Finally, he got out
an old pack of cards and played ‘mjolis’ with his guest until bedtime.
Paraphrase
One evening, as the man was walking along a dark road, he noticed a small gray cottage
nearby and decided to knock on the door to ask if he could stay the night. He was not
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turned away. Instead of the usual unfriendly faces he often encountered, the owner, an
old man living alone without any family, welcomed the company. The old man, eager for
conversation, quickly prepared a meal of porridge for the traveler and shared his tobacco
generously, giving enough for both of them to enjoy a pipe. Later, the old man brought
out a deck of cards, and they played a game called ‘mjolis’ together until it was time to
go to bed.

This passage introduces a moment of unexpected kindness in the vagabond’s life. Unlike
the usual cold receptions he faces, this time he is met with warmth and hospitality. The
old man, who is lonely and without family, is eager to share his home and engage in
conversation, highlighting the human need for connection and companionship. The
shared meal, tobacco, and card game symbolize the old man’s generosity and the simple
pleasures of human interaction. This moment of kindness contrasts sharply with the
vagabond’s usual experiences, offering a brief respite from his harsh life.
Summary
One evening, the man saw a small gray cottage and asked for shelter. The old man who
lived there alone welcomed him warmly, offering him food, tobacco, and a card game
before they went to bed.
Analysis
This part of the story serves as a contrast to the vagabond’s typical experiences,
illustrating the impact of kindness and human connection. The old man’s hospitality is a
stark difference from the cold and indifferent treatment the vagabond is used to. This
interaction not only provides the vagabond with physical comfort but also emotional
warmth, showing the importance of compassion and generosity. The old man’s actions
are motivated by his own loneliness, suggesting that acts of kindness often benefit both
the giver and the receiver. This encounter subtly challenges the vagabond’s cynical
worldview, showing that not all people are trapped in selfish pursuits, and that there is
still room for genuine human connection in the world.
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The old man was just as generous with his confidences as with his porridge and tobacco.
The guest was informed at once that in his days of prosperity his host had been a crofter at
Ramsjo Ironworks and had worked on the land. Now that he was no longer able to do day
labour, it was his cow which supported him. Yes, that bossy was extraordinary. She could
give milk for the creamery every day, and last month he had received all of thirty kronor in
payment.
Paraphrase
The old man was as open with his personal stories as he was with his food and tobacco.
He immediately shared with his guest that in his better days, he had been a crofter at
Ramsjo Ironworks, working the land. Now that he was too old to do hard labor, he relied
on his cow for support. He proudly mentioned that his cow was exceptional, producing
enough milk every day to sell to the creamery. Just last month, he had earned thirty
kronor from the milk.

The passage reveals the old man’s willingness to share not just his material possessions
but also his life story. This reflects his need for connection and perhaps a desire to affirm
his own worth and past achievements. His pride in his cow shows how much he values the
little he has left, and the thirty kronor he earned symbolizes his modest means of survival.
The old man’s openness highlights his loneliness and his longing for human interaction,
which leads him to quickly share the details of his life with a stranger. His reliance on the
cow illustrates his transition from a more prosperous time to a simpler, more dependent
existence.
Summary
The old man was as generous with his personal stories as he was with food and tobacco.
He told his guest that he used to be a crofter at Ramsjo Ironworks, but now, too old for
labor, he relied on his cow, which produced enough milk to earn him thirty kronor last
month.
Analysis
This part of the story emphasizes the old man’s need for companionship and validation.
His quickness to share his past and his current circumstances with the vagabond suggests
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that he finds comfort in talking about his life, perhaps to ease his loneliness. The cow
represents his remaining source of pride and independence, a lifeline that connects him
to his former days of productivity. This passage also highlights the theme of changing
fortunes, as the old man reflects on his transition from a hardworking crofter to someone
who now depends on a cow for survival. His openness contrasts with the vagabond’s usual
experience of mistrust and isolation, reinforcing the story’s exploration of human
connection and the dignity found in even the simplest forms of self-sufficiency.
The stranger must have seemed incredulous, for the old man got up and went to the window,
took down a leather pouch which hung on a nail in the very window frame, and picked out
three wrinkled ten-kronor bills. These he held up before the eyes of his guest, nodding
knowingly, and then stuffed them back into the pouch.
Paraphrase
The stranger seemed doubtful about the old man’s story. In response, the old man stood
up, went to the window, and retrieved a leather pouch from a nail on the window frame.
He took out three old ten-kronor bills and showed them to his guest, nodding in a way
that suggested confirmation of his claim. Then, he put the bills back into the pouch.

The old man’s action of showing the money serves to validate his claim about earning
thirty kronor from his cow’s milk. His display of the bills is intended to convince the
stranger that he is indeed telling the truth about his modest earnings. This act underscores
the old man’s need to prove his credibility and the authenticity of his situation,
highlighting the theme of trust and verification in human interactions. The money, though
not substantial, symbolizes his pride in being able to support himself and maintain some
form of financial independence, even in his old age.
Summary
When the stranger appeared skeptical, the old man retrieved a leather pouch from the
window frame, took out three old ten-kronor bills, showed them to his guest to prove his
point, and then put them back into the pouch.
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Analysis
This moment illustrates the importance of trust and validation in interactions between
individuals. The old man’s need to display the money reflects his desire to be believed and
to assert the truth of his modest achievements. The act of showing the wrinkled bills is
more than just a display of wealth; it’s a gesture to reaffirm his dignity and self-reliance.
This scene also highlights the vagabond’s skepticism, which contrasts with the old man’s
earnestness, reinforcing the story’s exploration of themes like trust, credibility, and the
human need for recognition. The old man’s pride in his small earnings and the effort to
convince the stranger underscore the value of even the simplest forms of proof in
establishing one’s truth.
The next day both men got up in good season. The crofter was in a hurry to milk his cow,
and the other man probably thought he should not stay in bed when the head of the house
had gotten up. They left the cottage at the same time. The crofter locked the door and put the
key in his pocket. The man with the rattraps said good bye and thank you, and thereupon
each went his own way.
Paraphrase
The following morning, both men woke up early. The crofter was eager to milk his cow,
while the vagabond felt he should get up as well since the host was already awake. They
left the cottage at the same time. The crofter locked the door and put the key in his pocket.
The vagabond thanked the crofter and said goodbye before they went their separate ways.

The morning after their shared evening, both men prepared to continue their routines.
The crofter, who had an obligation to tend to his cow, was focused on his tasks, while the
vagabond, feeling a sense of politeness and obligation, chose to rise early as well. Their
departure marks a return to their separate lives, with the crofter locking his home—a
symbol of the security he has—and the vagabond moving on after expressing gratitude.
This moment captures the brief, yet meaningful, connection they shared and highlights
the normalcy of their respective lives resuming after the encounter.
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Summary
The next morning, both the crofter and the vagabond woke up early. The crofter went to
milk his cow, and the vagabond, feeling he should get up since the crofter was awake, did
so as well. They left the cottage together, with the crofter locking the door and putting the
key in his pocket. The vagabond thanked the crofter before they parted ways.
Analysis
This scene illustrates the return to normalcy for both characters after their brief
interaction. The crofter’s focus on milking his cow shows his commitment to his daily
routine and responsibilities. The vagabond’s decision to rise early reflects his appreciation
for the hospitality he received, and his gratitude is expressed as they part ways. The act
of locking the door signifies the closure of the chapter of their meeting, with the key
symbolizing both the security of the crofter’s home and the end of the temporary
companionship. This moment emphasizes the transient nature of their encounter and
underscores the themes of routine and the significance of small acts of kindness in their
respective lives.
But half an hour later the rattrap peddler stood again before the door. He did not try to get
in, however. He only went up to the window, smashed a pane, stuck in his hand, and got hold
of the pouch with the thirty kronor. He took the money and thrust it into his own pocket.
Then he hung the leather pouch very carefully back in its place and went away.
Paraphrase
Half an hour later, the rattrap peddler returned to the crofter’s cottage. Instead of
knocking or trying to enter, he approached the window, broke a pane of glass, reached
inside, and grabbed the pouch containing the thirty kronor. After taking the money and
putting it in his own pocket, he carefully hung the pouch back in its place and then left
the cottage.

The peddler’s actions reveal a stark contrast to the earlier kindness shown by the crofter.
After leaving the cottage, he returns with the intent to steal. He breaks the window to
access the pouch and steal the money, demonstrating betrayal and deceit. This act reflects
a deeper theme of moral weakness and the ease with which temptation can lead to
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wrongdoing. The careful replacement of the pouch suggests an attempt to cover up his
crime, revealing the peddler's awareness of his wrongdoing and his attempt to avoid
detection.
Summary
Shortly after leaving the crofter’s cottage, the peddler returned, broke a window to steal
the thirty kronor from the leather pouch, and then replaced the pouch carefully before
leaving.
Analysis
This scene is pivotal as it shows the peddler’s moral decline. Despite the kindness and
trust extended to him by the crofter, the peddler chooses to betray this trust by stealing.
His method of breaking the window and replacing the pouch with careful precision
illustrates his intent to avoid suspicion and highlights his duplicity. The act of theft
underscores the theme of the rattrap metaphor, where temptation and greed ensnare
individuals, leading them to compromise their morals. This moment contrasts sharply
with the previous warmth and hospitality, emphasizing the ease with which one can be
lured into wrongdoing and the consequences of succumbing to such temptations.
As he walked along with the money in his pocket, he felt quite pleased with his smartness.
He realised, of course, that at first, he dared not continue on the public highway, but must
turn off the road, into the woods. During the first hours this caused him no difficulty. Later
in the day it became worse, for it was a big and confusing forest which he had gotten into.
He tried, to be sure, to walk in a definite direction, but the paths twisted back and forth so
strangely! He walked and walked without coming to the end of the wood, and finally he
realised that he had only been walking around in the same part of the forest. All at once he
recalled his thoughts about the world and the rattrap. Now his own turn had come. He had
let himself be fooled by a bait and had been caught. The whole forest, with its trunks and
branches, its thickets and fallen logs, closed in upon him like an impenetrable prison from
which he could never escape.
Paraphrase
As the peddler walked away with the stolen money, he felt a sense of satisfaction with his
cleverness. However, he realized that he couldn’t stay on the main road and had to divert
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into the woods to avoid detection. At first, this wasn’t a problem, but as time went on,
navigating the dense and confusing forest became increasingly difficult. Despite his efforts
to follow a clear path, the forest paths twisted unpredictably, causing him to wander in
circles. Eventually, he understood that he was lost and stuck in the same part of the forest.
He recalled his earlier thoughts about the world being like a rattrap, and now he felt that
he, too, had been trapped by his own greed. The forest seemed to close in on him, trapping
him in a way that felt impossible to escape.

The peddler’s initial sense of triumph quickly fades as he faces the consequences of his
actions. His decision to steal leads him into a literal and metaphorical trap. The forest,
which he once thought of as a safe escape route, becomes a maze that reflects his internal
predicament. His realization that he is trapped mirrors the rattrap metaphor he
previously considered, illustrating how his own greed and dishonesty have ensnared him.
This change in his situation symbolizes the idea that one’s actions, especially when driven
by deceit and temptation, can lead to unforeseen consequences and self-imposed
limitations.
Summary
After stealing the money, the peddler felt pleased but soon had to leave the main road and
enter a confusing forest to avoid being caught. As he wandered through the forest, he
realized he was lost and trapped in the same area. This situation made him reflect on his
earlier thoughts about the world being a rattrap, recognizing that he had fallen into a
trap of his own making.
Analysis
This passage highlights the peddler's transformation from feeling smart and successful
to experiencing the consequences of his theft. The forest symbolizes the trap he has fallen
into, paralleling his earlier analogy of the world as a rattrap. His difficulty in navigating
the forest and his realization that he is lost and surrounded reflect the moral of the story:
those who fall for temptation and deceit often find themselves ensnared by their own
actions. The forest’s inescapability serves as a physical manifestation of his inner turmoil
and regret, emphasizing how greed and dishonesty can lead to one's downfall and create
an inescapable trap.
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It was late in December. Darkness was already descending over the forest. This increased
the danger, and increased also his gloom and despair. Finally, he saw no way out, and he
sank down on the ground, tired to death, thinking that his last moment had come. But just
as he laid his head on the ground, he heard a sound—a hard regular thumping. There was
no doubt as to what that was. He raised himself. ‘‘Those are the hammer strokes from an
iron mill’’, he thought. ‘‘There must be people nearby’’. He summoned all his strength, got
up, and staggered in the direction of the sound.
Paraphrase
It was late December, and darkness was beginning to cover the forest, which made the
situation more dangerous and intensified his feelings of hopelessness and despair.
Eventually, he felt completely lost and exhausted, thinking that he was facing his final
moments. Just as he lay down on the ground, he heard a distinct, rhythmic sound that he
recognized as the hammering from an iron mill. Realizing that there might be people
nearby, he mustered all his remaining energy, stood up, and staggered towards the sound.

The peddler's despair deepens as the darkness of the forest envelops him, symbolizing his
increasing sense of hopelessness. His exhaustion and resignation represent a climax of his
internal struggle. The sound of hammering offers a glimmer of hope, breaking through
his despair and motivating him to keep going. The hammering indicates the presence of
civilization and potential help, suggesting that even in the direst circumstances, there may
be a chance for rescue or redemption. This moment underscores the theme of hope and
the idea that even when one feels trapped, there can be a way out if one continues to seek
it.
Summary
As darkness fell over the forest and the peddler felt overwhelmed by despair and
exhaustion, he heard the rhythmic sound of hammering, which he recognized as coming
from an iron mill. Realizing there might be people nearby, he gathered his strength and
moved towards the sound, hoping for a chance of rescue.
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Analysis
This passage marks a turning point for the peddler, highlighting the contrast between his
despair and the newfound hope. The encroaching darkness symbolizes the peddler's
worsening situation, while the sound of hammering introduces a potential opportunity
for escape. This shift emphasizes the narrative's theme of redemption and the possibility
of change, even in the bleakest circumstances. The peddler's decision to follow the sound
demonstrates the persistence of hope and the human drive to seek help, underscoring the
idea that even in moments of profound desperation, a glimmer of hope can inspire action
and lead to potential salvation.
The Ramsjo Ironworks, which are now closed down, were, not so long ago, a large plant,
with smelter, rolling mill, and forge. In the summertime long lines of heavily loaded barges
and scows slid down the canal, which led to a large inland lake, and in the wintertime the
roads near the mill were black from all the coal dust which sifted down from the big charcoal
crates.
Paraphrase
The Ramsjo Ironworks, which are now shut down, used to be a large facility that included
a smelter, rolling mill, and forge. During the summer, there were long lines of heavily
loaded barges and scows moving down the canal that connected to a large inland lake. In
the winter, the roads near the ironworks were covered in black coal dust that fell from the
big charcoal crates.

The description of the Ramsjo Ironworks highlights its former importance and bustling
activity. The detailed imagery of barges transporting goods and roads coated with coal
dust illustrates the scale and intensity of operations when the plant was active. This past
vibrancy contrasts with its current state of closure, reflecting a loss of industry and
economic activity. The passage underscores the transformation from a thriving industrial
site to a silent, inactive one, symbolizing change and the passage of time.
Page | 50
Summary
The Ramsjo Ironworks, once a large and active facility with various industrial operations,
is now closed. Previously, it had busy summer traffic with loaded barges and scows, and
in winter, the nearby roads were covered in coal dust from the plant’s charcoal crates.
Analysis
This passage emphasizes the dramatic change from the Ramsjo Ironworks’ vibrant past
to its present closure. The vivid descriptions of industrial activity—such as the barges and
coal dust—serve to highlight the extent of the ironworks' former impact on the area. The
contrast between the ironworks' former bustling life and its current silence reflects
broader themes of industrial decline and the transient nature of human endeavors. It also
sets the stage for the peddler’s situation, as his journey leads him to this abandoned site,
underscoring the theme of change and the contrast between past and present.
During one of the long dark evenings just before Christmas, the master smith and his helper
sat in the dark forge near the furnace waiting for the pig iron, which had been put in the
fire, to be ready to put on the anvil. Every now and then one of them got up to stir the glowing
mass with a long iron bar, returning in a few moments, dripping with perspiration, though,
as was the custom, he wore nothing but a long shirt and a pair of wooden shoes.
Paraphrase
On a long, dark evening just before Christmas, the master smith and his assistant were
in the dark forge next to the furnace, waiting for the pig iron to heat up enough to be
placed on the anvil. Occasionally, one of them would get up to stir the molten iron with a
long iron bar and then return, sweaty and exhausted. Despite the heat, they were dressed
only in long shirts and wooden shoes, which was customary.

The scene describes the hardworking conditions in the forge, emphasizing the physical
labor involved in metalworking. The master smith and his helper are depicted as enduring
the heat and sweat of their work environment, highlighting their dedication and the
demanding nature of their trade. Their minimal clothing, consisting of just long shirts
and wooden shoes, reflects the intense heat they work under and the practicalities of their
Page | 51
profession. This setting paints a vivid picture of their industrious efforts and the
challenges they face in their daily work.
Summary
On a dark evening just before Christmas, the master smith and his assistant worked in a
hot forge, waiting for the pig iron to become ready for the anvil. They took turns stirring
the glowing iron with a long bar, returning sweaty and exhausted, dressed in only long
shirts and wooden shoes.
Analysis
This passage provides a glimpse into the hard work and harsh conditions faced by the
master smith and his helper. The description of their labor-intensive task and minimal
clothing emphasizes the physical demands and the heat of their working environment.
The detailed portrayal of their effort and endurance highlights the dedication required
for their trade and contrasts with the warmth of the Christmas season, illustrating the
demanding nature of industrial work. This scene sets up the context for the peddler’s
arrival and underscores the contrast between the intense labor of the forge and the
peddler’s own predicament and journey.
All the time there were many sounds to be heard in the forge. The big bellows groaned and
the burning coal cracked. The fire boy shovelled charcoal into the maw of the furnace with
a great deal of clatter. Outside roared the waterfall, and a sharp north wind whipped the rain
against the brick-tiled roof.
It was probably on account of all this noise that the blacksmith did not notice that a man had
opened the gate and entered the forge, until he stood close up to the furnace.
Paraphrase
The forge was filled with a lot of noise. The large bellows were making a groaning sound,
and the burning coal was crackling. The fire boy was shovelling charcoal into the furnace,
creating a lot of clatter. Outside, the waterfall roared, and a strong north wind drove the
rain against the roof. Because of all this noise, the blacksmith did not notice that someone
had opened the gate and entered the forge until the person was standing right next to the
furnace.
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The constant noise in the forge creates a chaotic and intense atmosphere. The clamor
from the bellows, the crackling of the coal, and the noise of the fire boy’s work contribute
to a sense of busy industry. The external sounds, including the roaring waterfall and the
wind-driven rain, add to the overall din. This noisy environment explains why the
blacksmith did not notice the peddler’s entrance until he was very close. It reflects how
overwhelming and immersive the work environment is, where the sounds of the forge
overshadow other events.
Summary
The forge was very noisy with the sounds of the bellows, crackling coal, and the fire boy
shovelling charcoal. Outside, the waterfall roared, and the rain was driven by a strong
wind. Due to all this noise, the blacksmith did not realize someone had entered the forge
until the person was right next to the furnace.
Analysis
This passage vividly captures the sensory overload of the forge, emphasizing the
industrial setting’s intensity and the surrounding natural elements. The loud and
continuous noises from both inside and outside the forge create an environment where
individual sounds blend together, making it difficult to notice other occurrences. This
overwhelming sensory experience explains the blacksmith’s failure to detect the peddler’s
arrival, highlighting how a noisy and busy environment can mask important details. The
contrast between the forge’s noisy activity and the peddler’s quiet entry underscores the
theme of perception and how external conditions can influence awareness and attention.
Surely it was nothing unusual for poor vagabonds without any better shelter for the night to
be attracted to the forge by the glow of light which escaped through the sooty panes, and to
come in to warm themselves in front of the fire. The blacksmiths glanced only casually and
indifferently at the intruder. He looked the way people of his type usually did, with a long
beard, dirty, ragged, and with a bunch of rattraps dangling on his chest. He asked permission
to stay, and the master blacksmith nodded a haughty consent without honouring him with a
single word.
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The tramp did not say anything, either. He had not come there to talk but only to warm
himself and sleep.
Paraphrase
It was common for poor wanderers, who had nowhere else to stay for the night, to be
drawn to the warmth of the forge through its dirty windows and come in to warm up by
the fire. The blacksmiths looked at the newcomer briefly and with indifference. The man,
who was typical of his kind with a long beard, dirty clothes, and a bunch of rattraps
hanging from his chest, asked if he could stay. The master blacksmith gave a curt nod of
approval without saying a word. The wanderer did not respond verbally; he was not there
to talk but simply to warm up and find a place to sleep.

The scene depicts the common occurrence of itinerant people seeking refuge and warmth
in industrial settings like the forge. The blacksmiths’ reaction reflects a routine
acceptance of such visitors, showing their indifference to the vagabond’s presence. The
description of the tramp—dirty, ragged, and carrying rattraps—underscores his lowly
status and his expectation of basic hospitality. The lack of verbal interaction highlights a
mutual understanding and the minimal social engagement typical of such encounters,
emphasizing the practical nature of the tramp's visit.
Summary
It was not unusual for poor wanderers to be drawn to the warmth of the forge through
its dirty windows and come inside to warm up. The blacksmiths viewed the tramp with
casual indifference. He looked like a typical vagabond, with a long beard and ragged
clothes, carrying rattraps. He asked to stay the night, and the master blacksmith nodded
in approval without speaking. The tramp was there only to warm himself and sleep, not
to engage in conversation.
Analysis
This passage highlights the routine nature of interactions between the blacksmiths and
itinerant people, illustrating the indifference and minimal engagement typical of such
encounters. The tramp’s appearance and behavior emphasize his low social status and
the simple, utilitarian nature of his visit. The blacksmiths’ casual acceptance and lack of
Page | 54
conversation reflect a broader theme of social indifference and the everyday reality of
industrial life, where transient visitors are often treated with minimal attention. The scene
sets up the context for the tramp's presence and his role in the unfolding events,
underlining themes of survival, social hierarchy, and human interaction.
In those days the Ramsjo iron mill was owned by a very prominent ironmaster, whose
greatest ambition was to ship out good iron to the market. He watched both night and day to
see that the work was done as well as possible, and at this very moment he came into the
forge on one of his nightly rounds of inspection.
Naturally the first thing he saw was the tall ragamuffin who had eased his way so close to
the furnace that steam rose from his wet rags. The ironmaster did not follow the example of
the blacksmiths, who had hardly deigned to look at the stranger. He walked close up to him,
looked him over very carefully, then tore off his slouch hat to get a better view of his face.
‘‘But of course it is you, Nils Olof!’’ he said. “How you do look!”
Paraphrase
At that time, the Ramsjo iron mill was owned by a prominent ironmaster whose main
goal was to ensure that the iron produced was of high quality and properly shipped. He
was constantly overseeing the work to ensure it met his standards. On one of his nightly
inspections, he entered the forge and immediately noticed the ragged vagabond who had
moved so close to the furnace that his wet clothes were steaming. Unlike the blacksmiths
who barely acknowledged the stranger, the ironmaster approached him directly. He
examined the vagabond closely and removed his slouch hat to get a clearer view of his
face. Recognizing him, the ironmaster exclaimed in surprise at the state of the man.

The ironmaster's detailed inspection and immediate recognition of the tramp, Nils Olof,
indicate his meticulous nature and personal involvement in the mill's operations. Unlike
the indifferent blacksmiths, the ironmaster's reaction reveals his familiarity with the
tramp and concern for his well-being. The ironmaster's reaction—surprise and
recognition—emphasizes the contrast between his engagement with the tramp and the
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blacksmiths' detachment. This moment underscores the importance of personal
connections and recognition, even within a busy and industrial setting.
Summary
The Ramsjo iron mill was owned by a prominent ironmaster who was highly dedicated to
ensuring the quality of his iron products. During a nightly inspection, he noticed the
ragged tramp close to the furnace. Unlike the blacksmiths who ignored the stranger, the
ironmaster recognized him as Nils Olof, expressed surprise, and commented on his
appearance.
Analysis
This passage highlights the contrast between the ironmaster’s attentive and personal
approach and the blacksmiths' indifference. The ironmaster’s detailed examination of the
tramp and his immediate recognition reflect his active involvement and concern for those
connected to the mill, illustrating his leadership style and personal investment in the
business. The ironmaster's reaction not only contrasts with the blacksmiths' casual
attitude but also sets up a deeper interaction between the characters. This moment reveals
themes of recognition, social hierarchy, and the impact of personal connections within an
industrial setting. The ironmaster’s familiarity with the tramp introduces an element of
personal history and potential future developments in their relationship.
The man with the rattraps had never before seen the ironmaster at Ramsjo and did not even
know what his name was. But it occurred to him that if the fine gentleman thought he was
an old acquaintance, he might perhaps throw him a couple of kronor. Therefore, he did not
want to undeceive him all at once.
‘‘Yes, God knows things have gone downhill with me’’, he said.
‘‘You should not have resigned from the regiment’’, said the ironmaster. ‘‘That was the
mistake. If only I had still been in the service at the time, it never would have happened.
Well, now of course you will come home with me.’’
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Paraphrase
The tramp with the rattraps had never met the ironmaster before and did not know his
name. However, he thought that if the ironmaster believed he was an old acquaintance,
he might give him some money. So, he decided not to correct the ironmaster’s mistake
immediately. The tramp remarked about his misfortunes, saying that things had really
gone wrong for him. The ironmaster then commented that resigning from the regiment
was a mistake and that if he had still been in service at the time, things would have been
different. He then invited the tramp to come home with him.

The tramp's strategy of maintaining the illusion of familiarity with the ironmaster reflects
his desperation and willingness to exploit any potential for financial gain. The
ironmaster’s assumption that the tramp is an old acquaintance and his subsequent
invitation to his home show a mix of mistaken identity and a desire to help someone he
thinks he knows. The ironmaster's comment about the tramp's resignation from the
regiment indicates a personal or professional connection to the military, revealing his
concern and possibly a sense of responsibility for the tramp’s situation. This interaction
highlights the themes of mistaken identity, social connections, and the potential for
misunderstandings to lead to unexpected opportunities.
Summary
The tramp, unfamiliar with the ironmaster and not knowing his name, saw a chance to
get some money if the ironmaster mistook him for an old acquaintance. He chose not to
correct the ironmaster right away and lamented about his poor circumstances. The
ironmaster, thinking the tramp had made a mistake by resigning from the regiment,
invited him to come home with him.
Analysis
This passage underscores the theme of mistaken identity and the opportunism of the
tramp. The tramp’s decision to play along with the ironmaster’s assumption reveals his
desperation and strategic thinking. The ironmaster’s reaction, which includes expressing
regret over the tramp’s past decisions and offering him a place to stay, highlights his sense
of responsibility and personal connection to the tramp’s past. The ironmaster’s offer
reflects his desire to help someone he believes he knows, while the tramp’s willingness to
Page | 57
accept this mistaken identity points to the themes of social connections and the
unpredictability of human interactions. The encounter demonstrates how
misidentifications and assumptions can lead to unexpected outcomes and opportunities.
To go along up to the manor house and be received by the owner like an old regimental
comrade — that, however, did not please the tramp.
‘‘No, I couldn’t think of it!’’ he said, looking quite alarmed.

He thought of the thirty kronor. To go up to the manor house would be like throwing himself
voluntarily into the lion’s den. He only wanted a chance to sleep here in the forge and then
sneak away as inconspicuously as possible.
The ironmaster assumed that he felt embarrassed because of his miserable clothing.
Paraphrase
The tramp was not happy at the thought of going to the manor house and being welcomed
by the ironmaster as if he were an old military acquaintance. He felt alarmed and said he
couldn’t accept the offer. The tramp was worried about the thirty kronor he had stolen
and felt that going to the manor house would be like putting himself in great danger. He
only wanted to stay in the forge for the night and then leave quietly without drawing
attention.
The ironmaster thought the tramp was hesitant because he was embarrassed by his
shabby clothes.

The tramp’s reaction reflects his anxiety about being recognized and possibly discovered
for his theft. His desire to avoid going to the manor house and his fear of being in a
potentially risky situation highlight his concern about the stolen money and his wish to
avoid complications. The tramp’s plan to stay in the forge and leave unnoticed indicates
his intention to evade any further interaction with the ironmaster. The ironmaster’s
assumption about the tramp’s embarrassment due to his clothing reveals a
misunderstanding of the tramp’s true motives, focusing on superficial aspects rather than
the deeper issue of theft and fear.
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Summary
The tramp was alarmed by the idea of going to the manor house with the ironmaster and
being treated as an old comrade. He was concerned about the thirty kronor he had stolen
and felt that accepting the invitation would put him in danger. He preferred to stay in the
forge for the night and leave quietly. The ironmaster thought the tramp was hesitant
because he was embarrassed about his ragged clothes.
Analysis
This passage illustrates the tramp’s internal conflict and fear of being discovered. His
reaction to the ironmaster’s offer underscores his desperation to avoid exposure and his
anxiety over the stolen money. The contrast between the tramp’s true concerns and the
ironmaster’s assumption about his embarrassment highlights a theme of
miscommunication and misunderstanding. The tramp’s preference to remain
inconspicuous and his plan to leave unnoticed reflect his need for security and avoidance
of risk. The ironmaster’s misinterpretation of the tramp’s hesitance as mere
embarrassment demonstrates how superficial judgments can obscure deeper issues,
setting the stage for further developments in their interaction.
‘‘Please don’t think that I have such a fine home that you cannot show yourself there’’, He
said... ‘‘Elizabeth is dead, as you may already have heard. My boys are abroad, and there is
no one at home except my oldest daughter and myself. We were just saying that it was too
bad we didn’t have any company for Christmas. Now come along with me and help us make
the Christmas food disappear a little faster.”
But the stranger said no, and no, and again no, and the ironmaster saw that he must give in.
‘‘It looks as though Captain von Stahle preferred to stay with you tonight, Stjernstrom’’, he
said to the master blacksmith, and turned on his heel.
But he laughed to himself as he went away, and the blacksmith, who knew him, understood
very well that he had not said his last word.
Page | 59
Paraphrase
The ironmaster tried to reassure the tramp that his home wasn’t as grand as he might
think and that he would be welcome there. He mentioned that his wife had passed away,
his sons were away, and only his eldest daughter and himself were at home. They were
actually hoping for some company for Christmas and invited the tramp to join them for
the holiday meal. Despite the invitation, the tramp refused multiple times. Seeing that the
tramp was adamant, the ironmaster reluctantly accepted the situation. He told the
blacksmith that it seemed the tramp preferred to stay with him for the night and then
left. As he walked away, he chuckled to himself, and the blacksmith, who knew the
ironmaster well, understood that this wasn’t the end of the matter.

The ironmaster’s attempt to persuade the tramp reflects his desire to extend hospitality
and provide a warm Christmas for someone in need. His detailed explanation about his
family situation and his invitation to join the holiday meal reveal his personal and genuine
intention to include the tramp. The tramp’s repeated refusal indicates his fear and desire
to avoid being caught or recognized. The ironmaster’s departure with a laugh suggests he
is not giving up easily and may have further plans or intentions regarding the tramp. The
blacksmith’s understanding of the ironmaster’s persistence hints at a deeper knowledge
of the ironmaster’s character and his ability to follow through on his intentions.
Summary
The ironmaster tried to convince the tramp to come to his home for Christmas, explaining
that his wife had died, his sons were away, and only he and his daughter were home. He
wanted to have company for the holiday meal. Despite the ironmaster’s repeated
invitations, the tramp refused to go. The ironmaster acknowledged the tramp’s decision
to stay with the blacksmith for the night and left, laughing to himself. The blacksmith
knew that the ironmaster’s departure didn’t mean the end of the matter.
Analysis
This passage highlights the themes of hospitality and persistence. The ironmaster’s
repeated invitations and detailed explanations reflect his sincere desire to help and
include the tramp in his Christmas celebration. The tramp’s refusal underscores his fear
and desire to avoid potential trouble related to his theft. The ironmaster’s laughter and
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the blacksmith’s awareness of the ironmaster’s character suggest that this interaction is
part of a larger, unresolved situation. The ironmaster’s persistence hints at his
determination and possible future actions, setting the stage for further developments in
their relationship and interactions. The passage also explores the contrast between
genuine offers of help and the underlying fears and complexities faced by those in difficult
situations.
It was not more than half an hour before they heard the sound of carriage wheels outside
the forge, and a new guest came in, but this time it was not the ironmaster. He had sent his
daughter, apparently hoping that she would have better powers of persuasion than he
himself.
She entered, followed by a valet, carrying on his arm a big fur coat. She was not at all pretty,
but seemed modest and quite shy. In the forge everything was just as it had been earlier in
the evening. The master blacksmith and his apprentice still sat on their bench, and iron and
charcoal still glowed in the furnace. The stranger had stretched himself out on the floor and
lay with a piece of pig iron under his head and his hat pulled down over his eyes. As soon as
the young girl caught sight of him, she went up and lifted his hat. The man was evidently
used to sleeping with one eye open. He jumped up abruptly and seemed to be quite frightened.
Paraphrase
Within half an hour, the sound of carriage wheels could be heard outside the forge,
signaling the arrival of a new guest. This time, it was not the ironmaster himself, but his
daughter, who had come instead, likely because her father thought she might persuade
the tramp more effectively. She arrived with a valet who carried a large fur coat. Although
she was not very attractive, she appeared modest and shy. The forge still looked the same
as it had earlier: the master blacksmith and his apprentice were at their bench, and the
furnace was still glowing with iron and charcoal. The tramp had settled on the floor with
a piece of pig iron under his head and his hat pulled over his eyes. When the girl saw him,
she approached and lifted his hat. The tramp, clearly accustomed to being alert even while
resting, quickly sat up and seemed startled.
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The arrival of the ironmaster’s daughter highlights the ironmaster’s determination to
include the tramp in their Christmas celebration, using his daughter’s presence as a more
persuasive tool. Her modest and shy demeanor contrasts with the tramp’s rough
appearance and current situation. The fact that the forge remains unchanged from earlier
emphasizes the continuity of the tramp’s and the blacksmith’s routines despite the
intrusion. The tramp’s quick reaction upon being disturbed shows his alertness and
constant vigilance, possibly due to his recent theft and anxiety about being discovered.
This scene underscores themes of persistence, social contrasts, and the tramp’s
heightened sense of insecurity.
Summary
The ironmaster sent his daughter to the forge, hoping she could persuade the tramp to
come to their home for Christmas. She arrived with a valet carrying a fur coat. Although
she was not particularly attractive, she seemed modest and shy. The forge was unchanged
from earlier, with the blacksmiths continuing their work and the tramp resting on the
floor with a piece of iron under his head. When the girl lifted his hat, the tramp,
accustomed to being vigilant, quickly sat up in surprise.
Analysis
This passage highlights the lengths to which the ironmaster will go to extend hospitality,
using his daughter as a more effective persuader. Her modest and shy demeanor contrasts
with the tramp’s roughness, emphasizing social and personal differences. The unchanged
state of the forge symbolizes the contrast between the tramp’s static, troubled situation
and the ongoing efforts of the ironmaster’s family to alter it. The tramp’s sudden reaction
to being disturbed illustrates his alertness and underlying anxiety, reflecting his fear of
discovery and current precarious situation. This scene deepens the exploration of themes
such as social differences, the persistence of the ironmaster’s hospitality efforts, and the
tramp’s constant state of alertness due to his recent actions.
‘‘My name is Edla Willmansson,’’ said the young girl. ‘‘My father came home and said that
you wanted to sleep here in the forge tonight, and then I asked permission to come and bring
you home to us. I am so sorry, Captain, that you are having such a hard time.’’
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She looked at him compassionately, with her heavy eyes, and then she noticed that the man
was afraid. ‘‘Either he has stolen something or else he has escaped from, jail’’, she thought,
and added quickly, “You may be sure, Captain, that you will be allowed to leave us just as
freely as you came. Only please stay with us over Christmas Eve.’’
Paraphrase
The young girl introduced herself as Edla Willmansson and explained that her father had
heard the tramp wanted to stay in the forge for the night. She came to invite him to their
home for Christmas, expressing sympathy for his difficult situation. She noticed the
tramp appeared frightened and suspected he might have stolen something or escaped
from prison. To reassure him, she assured him that he would be free to leave whenever he
wanted and simply requested that he stay with them for Christmas Eve.

Edla’s introduction and offer reflect her genuine concern and kindness. Her sympathy
and invitation suggest a compassionate approach to helping the tramp, despite his
apparent fear and suspicion. Her observation of his anxiety indicates that she is
perceptive and understands that his fear might be due to legal troubles or theft. By
assuring him of his freedom to leave, Edla tries to alleviate his fears and make him feel
more comfortable accepting their hospitality. This interaction highlights themes of
empathy, the impact of fear on behavior, and the contrast between intention and
perception.
Summary
Edla Willmansson introduced herself and explained that her father had heard about the
tramp wanting to stay in the forge and sent her to invite him to their home for Christmas.
She expressed regret for his difficult situation and reassured him that he would be free to
leave whenever he wished. She only asked him to stay with them for Christmas Eve.
Noticing his fear, she suspected he might be involved in theft or have escaped from prison,
and wanted to make him feel at ease.
Analysis
This passage illustrates the theme of empathy and the effort to offer kindness to someone
in need. Edla’s approach shows a contrast between her genuine, compassionate intentions
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and the tramp’s fearful reaction, suggesting his anxiety may stem from guilt or legal
trouble. Her reassurances reflect an understanding of the tramp’s likely mistrust, and her
invitation for Christmas Eve highlights the social and emotional barriers that the tramp
must navigate. The scene also underscores the broader theme of trust and the
complexities of human interactions, especially when fear and suspicion are involved.
Edla’s compassionate gesture contrasts sharply with the tramp’s current apprehension,
emphasizing the theme of hospitality amidst personal conflict.
She said this in such a friendly manner that the rattrap peddler must have felt confidence in
her.
‘‘It would never have occurred to me that you would bother with me yourself, miss,’’ he said.
‘’I will come at once.’’
He accepted the fur coat, which the valet handed him with a deep bow, threw it over his rags,
and followed the young lady out to the carriage, without granting the astonished blacksmiths
so much as a glance.
But while he was riding up to the manor house, he had evil forebodings.
‘‘Why the devil did I take that fellow’s money?’’ he thought. ‘‘Now I am sitting in the trap
and will never get out of it.’’
The next day was Christmas Eve, and when the ironmaster came into the dining room for
breakfast, he probably thought with satisfaction of his old regimental comrade whom he had
run across so unexpectedly.
“First of all, we must see to it that he gets a little flesh on his bones,” he said to his daughter,
who was busy at the table. “And then we must see that he gets something else to do than to
run around the country selling rattraps.”
Paraphrase
The young lady spoke so kindly that the tramp felt reassured and agreed to go with her
immediately. He accepted the fur coat from the valet, put it over his ragged clothes, and
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followed the young woman to the carriage without acknowledging the surprised
blacksmiths. However, as he rode towards the manor house, he began to have doubts and
regretted taking the ironmaster's money, fearing that he had fallen into a trap. The next
day, Christmas Eve, the ironmaster, feeling pleased about reconnecting with his old
acquaintance, discussed plans with his daughter to ensure the tramp was well-fed and
given better prospects than selling rattraps.

Edla’s warm and friendly manner reassured the tramp, leading him to accept her
invitation despite his internal doubts and fears. His regret about taking the money reflects
his growing anxiety about the consequences of his actions. The ironmaster’s satisfaction
and plans for the tramp reveal his intention to help him improve his situation, showcasing
a desire to offer support and transform the tramp’s circumstances. This highlights the
themes of trust, redemption, and the potential for change in a person’s life through
kindness and support.
Summary
The tramp felt confident due to Edla’s friendly approach and agreed to accompany her
to the manor. He took the fur coat offered by the valet and followed her, ignoring the
blacksmiths. During the carriage ride, he started to regret taking the ironmaster’s money
and feared he was trapped. On Christmas Eve, the ironmaster, pleased with his
unexpected find, planned to ensure the tramp was well-fed and given a better future,
suggesting a move away from his current life of selling rattraps.
Analysis
This passage contrasts the tramp’s initial confidence with his growing unease about the
potential repercussions of his actions. Edla’s kindness represents a genuine offer of
support and empathy, contrasting with the tramp’s fear of being caught in a difficult
situation. The ironmaster’s focus on improving the tramp’s condition and prospects
demonstrates his commitment to offering help and transforming the tramp’s life. This
highlights themes of redemption and the impact of compassion in changing someone's
circumstances. The tension between the tramp’s fear and the ironmaster’s goodwill
underscores the story’s exploration of trust, social support, and the possibilities for
personal transformation.
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“It is queer that things have gone downhill with him as badly as that,” said the daughter.
“Last night I did not think there was anything about him to show that he had once been an
educated man.”
“You must have patience, my little girl,” said the father. “As soon as he gets clean and dressed
up, you will see something different. Last night he was naturally embarrassed. The tramp
manners will fall away from him with the tramp clothes.”
Just as he said this the door opened and the stranger entered. Yes, now he was truly clean
and well dressed. The valet had bathed him, cut his hair, and shaved him. Moreover, he was
dressed in a good-looking suit of clothes which belonged to the ironmaster. He wore a white
shirt and a starched collar and whole shoes.
Paraphrase
The daughter remarked that it was strange how much the tramp's situation had
deteriorated, noting that he didn't seem to have any signs of his former educated status
the previous night. The father advised her to be patient, explaining that once the tramp
was cleaned up and dressed properly, he would appear quite different. Just then, the
tramp entered the room, now clean and well-dressed. The valet had given him a bath, cut
his hair, shaved him, and dressed him in the ironmaster's own clothes, including a white
shirt and starched collar, making him look much more refined.

The daughter's comment reflects her surprise at how the tramp’s appearance and
situation had changed so drastically. The father’s reassurance suggests his belief that
one's appearance can significantly influence how others perceive them. This highlights
the idea that the tramp's true nature or past identity could be hidden behind his current,
shabby appearance. When the tramp reappears in clean, formal clothing, it symbolizes a
transformation that aligns with the ironmaster's expectations, illustrating the theme of
external appearances versus internal realities.
Summary
The daughter expressed surprise that the tramp seemed so far removed from his
presumably educated past, as he had appeared quite unrefined the night before. Her
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father reassured her that once the tramp was cleaned up and dressed well, he would
present a different image. When the tramp re-entered, he was now clean, well-groomed,
and dressed in fine clothes belonging to the ironmaster, reflecting a significant change in
his appearance.
Analysis
This passage underscores the theme of transformation through external changes. The
father's belief that cleaning and dressing the tramp well would reveal a different, more
refined person reflects a common societal assumption that appearance can influence
perception. The tramp’s new appearance, achieved through the ironmaster’s resources,
suggests that his former identity and education might become more apparent once his
outward condition improves. This scene highlights the contrast between the tramp's
current situation and his past, and it raises questions about the role of external
appearances in shaping one's identity and how others perceive them. The transformation
serves as a powerful symbol of potential change and redemption, driven by compassion
and societal intervention.
But although his guest was now so well groomed, the ironmaster did not seem pleased. He
looked at him with puckered brow, and it was easy to understand that when he had seen the
strange fellow in the uncertain reflection from the furnace, he might have made a mistake,
but that now, when he stood there in broad daylight, it was impossible to mistake him for an
old acquaintance.
“What does this mean?” he thundered.
The stranger made no attempt to dissimulate. He saw at once that the splendour had come
to an end.
“It is not my fault, sir,” he said. “I never pretended to be anything but a poor trader, and I
pleaded and begged to be allowed to stay in the forge. But no harm has been done. At worst
I can put on my rags again and go away”.
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Paraphrase
Despite the stranger's now tidy appearance, the ironmaster was not happy. His expression
showed confusion and discontent, realizing that his earlier mistake was evident now that
the stranger was fully visible in daylight. The ironmaster was upset, questioning the
situation. The stranger, understanding that his deception was uncovered, admitted his
true status. He explained that he had never claimed to be anyone other than a poor
peddler and had only asked to stay in the forge out of necessity. He was ready to return
to his old, shabby clothes and leave if necessary.

The ironmaster's displeasure stems from the realization that he had mistaken the stranger
for someone else when he was initially seen in poor lighting. The daylight revealed that
the stranger was not the person he had thought he was. The stranger's response reflects
his acceptance of the situation and his readiness to return to his previous life if needed.
This interaction highlights the theme of mistaken identity and the consequences of
assumptions based on appearances. It also shows the limits of superficial changes in
resolving deeper issues of identity and integrity.
Summary
The ironmaster was disappointed and confused when he saw the stranger clean and well-
dressed, realizing he had mistaken him for someone else. The stranger admitted that he
had never pretended to be more than a poor peddler and was willing to return to his old
life if necessary. This revealed that the initial assumption of the stranger's identity was
incorrect.
Analysis
The passage explores themes of identity and deception. The ironmaster's reaction
underscores how appearances can be misleading, and how initial judgments based on
these appearances can lead to mistakes. The stranger's straightforward admission of his
true status reveals a sense of acceptance and resignation. This scene emphasizes the
contrast between outward appearances and inner reality, illustrating the limitations of
judging someone's character based on their looks alone. It also serves to critique societal
tendencies to place undue importance on social status and appearance, suggesting that
true identity and worth are not always visible on the surface.
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“Well,” said the ironmaster, hesitating a little, “it was not quite honest, either. You must
admit that, and I should not be surprised if the sheriff would like to have something to say
in the matter.”
The tramp took a step forward and struck the table with his fist.
“Now I am going to tell you, Mr Ironmaster, how things are,” he said. “This whole world is
nothing but a big rattrap. All the good things that are offered to you are nothing but cheese
rinds and bits of pork, set out to drag a poor fellow into trouble. And if the sheriff comes now
and locks me up for this, then you, Mr Ironmaster, must remember that a day may come
when you yourself may want to get a big piece of pork, and then you will get caught in the
trap.”
Paraphrase
The ironmaster expressed hesitation, acknowledging that the stranger's actions were not
entirely honest and suggested that the sheriff might be interested in the matter. The tramp
then firmly addressed the ironmaster, explaining that the world is like a large rattrap. He
compared the temptations and opportunities people encounter to bait meant to ensnare
them. He warned the ironmaster that if the sheriff were to imprison him for his actions,
it serves as a reminder that everyone, including the ironmaster, might one day fall into a
similar trap.

The tramp’s comments reflect his view of the world as a deceptive trap, where
opportunities and temptations are designed to lure people into trouble. By using the
metaphor of a rattrap, he critiques the way society entices individuals with false promises
and material rewards, only to catch them in difficult situations. His warning to the
ironmaster highlights the universality of this trap, suggesting that everyone, regardless of
their status, is vulnerable to being ensnared by their desires or actions.
Summary
The tramp confronted the ironmaster, explaining that the world operates like a rattrap,
where all enticing opportunities are traps meant to ensnare people. He warned that if the
sheriff were to arrest him, the ironmaster should remember that he, too, could one day
fall into such a trap.
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Analysis
This passage emphasizes the theme of societal deceit and the concept of the world as a
rattrap. The tramp's assertion that the world is filled with traps designed to ensnare
individuals speaks to a broader critique of societal structures that lure people with false
promises. His warning serves as a philosophical reflection on the nature of temptation
and consequence, suggesting that no one is immune to the potential pitfalls of their desires
and actions. This analysis challenges readers to consider the ethics of opportunity and the
consequences of their choices, highlighting the interconnectedness of human experiences
with deceit and vulnerability.
The ironmaster began to laugh.
“That was not so badly said, my good fellow. Perhaps we should let the sheriff alone on
Christmas Eve. But now get out of here as fast as you can.”
But just as the man was opening the door, the daughter said, “I think he ought to stay with
us today. I don’t want him to go.” And with that she went and closed the door.
“What in the world are you doing?” said the father. The daughter stood there quite
embarrassed and hardly knew what to answer. That morning, she had felt so happy when
she thought how homelike and Christmassy she was going to make things for the poor
hungry wretch. She could not get away from the idea all at once, and that was why she had
interceded for the vagabond.
Paraphrase
The ironmaster started laughing, acknowledging that the tramp had made a valid point
and suggesting that perhaps they should avoid involving the sheriff on Christmas Eve. He
then told the tramp to leave immediately. However, before the tramp could exit, the
ironmaster’s daughter intervened, saying she wanted him to stay for the day and closed
the door behind him. The ironmaster was surprised by her decision, and the daughter,
feeling embarrassed, struggled to explain her actions. She had been excited earlier about
making Christmas special for the tramp and couldn't easily let go of that idea.
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The daughter’s intervention reflects her compassion and desire to uphold the Christmas
spirit of kindness and hospitality. Her initial enthusiasm to make the tramp's Christmas
better led her to stand up for him, despite her father’s wishes. The ironmaster’s laughter
and decision to let the tramp stay, despite his earlier intentions to call the sheriff, illustrate
a shift from a rigid stance to a more empathetic response. This moment underscores the
conflict between practicality and compassion, as well as the influence of personal feelings
and moral values on decision-making.
Summary
The ironmaster laughed at the tramp’s philosophical remarks but told him to leave.
However, his daughter insisted that he stay for Christmas and closed the door to prevent
him from leaving. The daughter, feeling embarrassed and conflicted, had initially been
eager to offer kindness but struggled with her father's reaction.
Analysis
This passage highlights the tension between justice and mercy, as well as the influence of
personal emotions on ethical decisions. The ironmaster’s initial response is practical and
reflects a desire to maintain order, while his daughter's reaction represents a deeper sense
of empathy and holiday spirit. Her emotional conflict demonstrates the challenge of
reconciling moral values with familial authority and societal expectations. The
contrasting responses of the father and daughter illustrate the complexity of human
interactions and the impact of personal values on decisions, especially during significant
times like Christmas.
“I am thinking of this stranger here,” said the young girl. “He walks and walks the whole
year long, and there is probably not a single place in the whole country where he is welcome
and can feel at home. Wherever he turns he is chased away. Always he is afraid of being
arrested and cross-examined. I should like to have him enjoy a day of peace with us here —
just one in the whole year.”
The ironmaster mumbled something in his beard. He could not bring himself to oppose her.
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“It was all a mistake, of course,” she continued. “But anyway, I don’t think we ought to
chase away a human being whom we have asked to come here, and to whom we have
promised Christmas cheer.”
Paraphrase
The young girl expressed concern for the stranger, noting that he spends the entire year
wandering and is never truly welcome anywhere. She reflected that he must always live
in fear of being arrested and never experiences peace. She wanted him to enjoy a day of
tranquility with them, at least once a year. Despite his initial hesitation, the ironmaster
could not bring himself to contradict her. The daughter continued by saying that although
the situation was a misunderstanding, it was wrong to turn away someone they had
invited and promised a festive Christmas.

The young girl's words highlight her empathy and moral stance, emphasizing the
stranger's unfortunate life and the lack of a safe haven for him. She sees the value in
offering kindness and respite, contrasting with the harsh reality of his constant struggle.
Her insistence on keeping the stranger for Christmas reflects a commitment to human
dignity and compassion, even if there was a mistake in their initial assumption. It
underscores the ethical responsibility to uphold promises and provide comfort to those in
need.
Summary
The young girl expressed her desire to offer the stranger a peaceful Christmas,
recognizing his challenging life of constant travel and fear. Despite the misunderstanding,
she argued against sending him away, emphasizing the importance of keeping their
promise of hospitality and kindness.
Analysis
This passage explores themes of compassion, human dignity, and moral responsibility.
The young girl's insistence on offering hospitality reflects a deep empathy for the
stranger’s plight and a commitment to treating others with kindness, regardless of their
past actions or appearances. The ironmaster’s reluctant acceptance of her plea illustrates
the influence of personal values and emotional appeal in decision-making. This situation
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highlights the broader ethical question of how society should treat those who are
marginalized or struggling, emphasizing the significance of mercy and the fulfillment of
promises.
“You do preach worse than a parson,” said the ironmaster. “I only hope you won’t have to
regret this.”
The young girl took the stranger by the hand and led him up to the table.
“Now sit down and eat,” she said, for she could see that her father had given in.
The man with the rattraps said not a word; he only sat down and helped himself to the food.
Time after time he looked at the young girl who had interceded for him. Why had she done
it? What could the crazy idea be?
After that, Christmas Eve at Ramsjo passed just as it always had. The stranger did not cause
any trouble because he did nothing but sleep. The whole forenoon he lay on the sofa in one
of the guest rooms and slept at one stretch. At noon they woke him up so that he could have
his share of the good Christmas fare, but after that he slept again. It seemed as though for
many years he had not been able to sleep as quietly and safely as here at Ramsjo.
Paraphrase
The ironmaster, with a hint of skepticism, commented that the young girl was being overly
preachy and hoped she wouldn’t regret her decision. The girl took the stranger by the
hand and guided him to the dining table, telling him to sit and eat, acknowledging that
her father had relented. The rattrap peddler said nothing but sat down and started eating,
repeatedly glancing at the young girl, puzzled by her unexpected kindness. During
Christmas Eve at Ramsjo, the stranger remained unobtrusive, spending most of the day
sleeping in a guest room. He was only disturbed briefly to join the Christmas meal, but
soon returned to sleep, seemingly finding peace and rest that he hadn't experienced in
years.
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The interaction shows the young girl’s compassion and determination to offer the
stranger a restful Christmas, despite the initial hesitation from her father. Her actions
reflect a moral commitment to kindness and hospitality. The stranger's reaction reveals
his surprise and gratitude, highlighting his deep-seated mistrust and confusion over the
unexpected kindness. His continuous sleep indicates a profound sense of relief and
security, suggesting that he had been deprived of such peace for a long time.
Summary
The young girl successfully persuaded her father to allow the stranger to stay for
Christmas. The stranger, surprised by the unexpected kindness, was quiet and spent most
of Christmas Eve sleeping peacefully in a guest room. His restful sleep signified a rare
opportunity for him to experience safety and comfort.
Analysis
This passage underscores the themes of empathy, redemption, and the impact of kindness.
The young girl’s insistence on helping the stranger demonstrates a powerful act of
compassion and moral integrity, challenging the initial skepticism of her father. The
stranger’s reaction—his surprise and deep, undisturbed sleep—reflects his relief and the
rarity of such kindness in his life. The peaceful Christmas Eve at Ramsjo contrasts with
his previously troubled existence, illustrating the profound effect of hospitality and
human connection on someone who has been marginalized and distrustful.
In the evening, when the Christmas tree was lighted, they woke him up again, and he stood
for a while in the drawing room, blinking as though the candlelight hurt him, but after that
he disappeared again. Two hours later he was aroused once more. He then had to go down
into the dining room and eat the Christmas fish and porridge.
As soon as they got up from the table he went around to each one present and said thank
you and good night, but when he came to the young girl she gave him to understand that it
was her father’s intention that the suit which he wore was to be a Christmas present — he
did not have to return it; and if he wanted to spend next Christmas Eve in a place where he
could rest in peace, and be sure that no evil would befall him, he would be welcomed back
again.
Page | 74
Paraphrase
In the evening, when the Christmas tree was lit, the stranger was awakened and led into
the drawing room. He stood there, squinting at the bright lights, but soon went back to
his resting place. A couple of hours later, he was woken up again to join in the Christmas
meal, where he ate the traditional Christmas fish and porridge. After the meal, he went
around thanking everyone and saying goodnight. When he reached the young girl, she
informed him that the ironmaster intended for him to keep the suit he was wearing as a
Christmas gift. She also told him that if he wanted to return next Christmas Eve for a
peaceful stay, he would be warmly welcomed.

The text highlights the generosity and kindness of the ironmaster and his daughter
towards the stranger. The Christmas festivities and the gift of the suit symbolize their
genuine desire to offer him comfort and security. The young girl’s invitation to return
next Christmas demonstrates their empathy and willingness to provide a safe haven for
someone who has been troubled and marginalized.
Summary
During the Christmas celebration, the stranger was repeatedly woken to participate in
the festivities and meals. Afterward, he thanked everyone and was informed by the young
girl that the ironmaster’s intention was for him to keep the suit as a Christmas gift. She
also invited him to return the following year for another Christmas, assuring him of a
warm welcome and peace.
Analysis
This passage underscores the themes of generosity, redemption, and compassion. The
ironmaster’s and his daughter’s actions reveal a deep sense of empathy and a desire to
make amends for the stranger’s past hardships. By offering him a gift and a standing
invitation for the next Christmas, they extend not only material comfort but also
emotional support. The stranger’s gratitude and the welcoming gesture reflect a broader
message about the power of kindness to transform lives and restore faith in humanity.
Page | 75
The man with the rattraps did not answer anything to this. He only stared at the young girl
in boundless amazement.
The next morning the ironmaster and his daughter got up in good season to go to the early
Christmas service. Their guest was still asleep, and they did not disturb him.
When, at about ten o’clock, they drove back from the church, the young girl sat and hung
her head even more dejectedly than usual. At church she had learned that one of the old
crofters of the ironworks had been robbed by a man who went around selling rattraps.
“Yes, that was a fine fellow you let into the house,” said her father. “I only wonder how many
silver spoons are left in the cupboard by this time.”
Paraphrase
The stranger did not respond to the young girl’s kind offer. He simply stared at her in
astonishment. The following morning, the ironmaster and his daughter left early for
Christmas church services while the guest remained asleep and was not disturbed. When
they returned around ten o’clock, the young girl was noticeably more upset than usual.
At church, she had learned that an elderly crofter from the ironworks had been robbed
by someone selling rattraps. Her father expressed his concern, wondering aloud how
many of their own silver spoons might have been stolen by their guest.

The young girl’s disappointment reflects her realization that their guest, whom they had
extended kindness to, might have been responsible for a crime. Her father’s comment
implies suspicion and concern about the safety of their belongings. This situation
highlights a clash between the girl’s good intentions and the harsh reality of the stranger’s
true nature.
Summary
The next morning, while the ironmaster and his daughter went to church, their guest
remained asleep. Upon returning, the young girl learned at church that a local crofter
had been robbed by a rattrap seller. This news caused her distress and led her father to
question if their guest had stolen anything from their home.
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Analysis
This passage delves into themes of trust, disillusionment, and the consequences of
misplaced generosity. The young girl’s initial goodwill towards the stranger is shattered
by the discovery of his criminal actions, leading to her father's suspicion. This twist in the
narrative emphasizes the risks involved in offering kindness to strangers without
knowing their true intentions. It also reflects the broader theme of how appearances can
be deceiving, and the moral complexities of human interactions.
The wagon had hardly stopped at the front steps when the ironmaster asked the valet whether
the stranger was still there. He added that he had heard at church that the man was a thief.
The valet answered that the fellow had gone and that he had not taken anything with him at
all. On the contrary, he had left behind a little package which Miss Willmansson was to be
kind enough to accept as a Christmas present.
The young girl opened the package, which was so badly done up that the contents came into
view at once. She gave a little cry of joy. She found a small rattrap, and in it lay three wrinkled
ten kronor notes. But that was not all. In the rattrap lay also a letter written in large, jagged
characters —
Paraphrase
As soon as the wagon stopped in front of the house, the ironmaster immediately asked the
valet if the stranger was still there. He mentioned he had heard at church that the man
was a thief. The valet informed him that the stranger had already left, but he had left
behind a small package for Miss Willmansson. When the young girl opened the package,
which was poorly wrapped and revealed its contents immediately, she was delighted to
find a small rattrap containing three crumpled ten-kronor notes. Along with the money,
there was also a letter written in large, uneven handwriting.

The ironmaster’s concern about the stranger’s true nature was confirmed by the news
from the church, adding to his suspicion. However, the stranger’s departure left a
surprising gift—a rattrap containing money and a letter. This gesture was an attempt by
the stranger to make amends or express gratitude despite his past actions, illustrating a
complex mix of guilt and appreciation.
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Summary
Upon returning home, the ironmaster learned from the valet that the stranger had left
and had not stolen anything. Instead, he had left a poorly wrapped package for Miss
Willmansson. Inside, she found a rattrap with three ten-kronor notes and a letter, which
brought her joy and curiosity.
Analysis
This passage highlights themes of redemption and the impact of generosity. Despite the
stranger’s criminal behavior, his final act of leaving a gift reflects a desire to make amends
or show appreciation. The contrast between the ironmaster’s initial suspicion and the
stranger’s unexpected gesture adds depth to the narrative, suggesting that even those who
have made mistakes are capable of remorse and gratitude. This twist underscores the
complexity of human motives and the potential for redemption.
“Honoured and noble Miss,

“Since you have been so nice to me all day long, as if I was a captain, I want to be nice to
you, in return, as if I was a real captain — for I do not want you to be embarrassed at this
Christmas season by a thief; but you can give back the money to the old man on the roadside,
who has the money pouch hanging on the window frame as a bait for poor wanderers.
“The rattrap is a Christmas present from a rat who would have been caught in this world’s
rattrap if he had not been raised to captain, because in that way he got power to clear himself.
“Written with friendship

and high regard,
“Captain von Stahle.”
Paraphrase
In the letter, the stranger, who signed as Captain von Stahle, addressed Miss Willmansson
with respect and gratitude. He thanked her for treating him with such kindness, even
though he was just a poor vagabond. He explained that he wanted to repay her kindness
by ensuring she was not embarrassed by him being a thief. He suggested she return the
money to the old man who used a money pouch to lure wanderers. He referred to the
Page | 78
rattrap as a Christmas gift from a rat, symbolizing his own escape from a difficult
situation through the help he received, likening it to his own rise to a captain.

The letter reveals the stranger's recognition of Miss Willmansson’s genuine kindness and
his desire to reciprocate it. He explains that the money should be returned to its rightful
owner, the old man who had used it as bait. The rattrap, which symbolizes his former life,
is presented as a Christmas gift, reflecting his transformation and the way he managed
to escape his own difficult circumstances with help from others.
Summary
In the letter, the stranger thanks Miss Willmansson for treating him kindly and wishes to
make amends. He advises her to return the money to its original owner, an old man who
uses it as bait for travelers. He explains that the rattrap is a symbolic Christmas gift from
him, acknowledging his own past as a rat caught in life's traps and his subsequent rise to
a better position.
Analysis
The letter provides insight into the stranger's character and his appreciation for Miss
Willmansson’s compassion. It symbolizes a moral lesson about redemption and
transformation. By returning the money and giving the rattrap as a gift, the stranger
demonstrates his understanding of his own flaws and the help he received, expressing a
wish to make things right. This act of returning to his humble origins, despite his
improved circumstances, highlights the themes of honesty and the impact of kindness,
reinforcing the idea that genuine compassion can lead to personal growth and
redemption.
Page | 79
MESSAGE
The story conveys a message about kindness, redemption, and the importance of treating
others with compassion. It shows that even those who seem unworthy or down on their
luck can have a change of heart and do something honorable. Through the character of
the rattrap peddler, who is initially seen as a thief but is later revealed to be a
misunderstood individual in need of kindness, the story illustrates that showing mercy
and understanding can lead to unexpected positive outcomes. The story also emphasizes
that our actions and how we treat others can have a significant impact, and that everyone
deserves a chance to change and be treated with dignity.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, the story highlights the power of compassion and understanding. Despite
initial judgments and misunderstandings, the rattrap peddler is given a chance to change
and prove his true character. The kindness shown by the ironmaster’s daughter leads to
a surprising and positive outcome, revealing that even those who seem troubled or
deceitful can have a redeeming quality. The story teaches us that everyone deserves a
chance to be treated with kindness and respect, and that our actions towards others can
make a significant difference.
Page | 80

Ch 4 - The Rattrap

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Ch 4 - The Rattrap

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THE RATTRAP

The Rattrap Seller's View of the World

The Stealing of the Money

Lost in the Woods

The Ironmaster's House

The Kindness of Edla

The Old Crofter:

Literary Device: Metaphor

23. "During the first hours this caused him no difficulty."

28. "Now his own turn had come."

35. "There was no doubt as to what that was."

Imagery: Describes the ironmaster’s realization process, creating a visual of the

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‘‘But of course it is you, Nils Olof!’’ he said. “How you do look!”

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‘‘No, I couldn’t think of it!’’ he said, looking quite alarmed.

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“What does this mean?” he thundered.

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The ironmaster began to laugh.

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“Honoured and noble Miss,

“Written with friendship

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