International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE)

Vol.10, No.1, February2020, pp. 530~537

ISSN: 2088-8708, DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v10i1.pp530-537  530

An efficient and secure data storage in cloud computing using

modified RSA public key cryptosystem

Y. Kiran Kumar1, R. Mahammad Shafi2

1
Department of Computer Science, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
2
Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India

Article Info ABSTRACT

Article history: Cloud Computing is the ability to improve the utility or train new human
resources without investing in new infrastructure, or add capabilities to
Received Apr 16, 2019 existence without the latest software licensing. It expanded the capabilities of
Revised Aug 17, 2019 Information Technology (IT). From the past few years, cloud computing has
Accepted Aug 29, 2019 developed from a good business concept in the best rising sectors of the IT
industry. But more information on individuals and companies was put in
the cloud, and concerns began to think about how secure the cloud
Keywords: environment was. Despite cloud surrounding structures, enterprise users still
do not want to expand their business in the cloud. Security reduces
Cloud data storage the growth of cloud computing and continues to spread the market with
Cloud service models complexity with data privacy and data protection. The security of cloud
Data security computing has constantly been an significant aspect of improved quality of
Modified RSA service from cloud service providers. Data storage in the cloud has
Public key cryptosystem a problem related to data security. However, cloud computing construct
RSA many new security challenges which have not been well examine. In order to
ensure that the user's data in the cloud is secure, we have proposed an
effective mechanism with a distinctive feature of data integrity and privacy.
This paper focusing on problems relating to the cloud data storage techniques
and security in virtual environment. We recommend a method for providing
data storage and security in cloud using public key Cryptosystem, which uses
the concept of the modified RSA algorithm to provide better security for
the data stored in the cloud.
Copyright © 2020 Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science.
All rights reserved.

Corresponding Author:
R. Mahammad Shafi,
Research Spervisor, Bharathiar University,
Coimbatore, India,
Email: rmdshafi@gmail.com

1. INTRODUCTION
Cloud Computing has many unique features that make it very valuable. Different types of services
can be easily accessible from cloud computing. Cloud Computing services provide client-specific
applications and Data storage through dedicated cloud servers. That means there are no data and applications
on the computer used by the client. Only the operating system and the cloud computing service will be
the only application. The client will have to access the applications and data so that he can directly access
from cloud server. This whole process is called cloud computing. Using cloud computing does not have
the risk of software, crash, and data loss. Moreover, the client-utilized device also works faster.
With virtualization technologies, cloud computing uses more efficient resources [1]. Cloud Computing
services are growing and expected to expand in the future. The physical server runs many virtual machines
and operating systems. Cloud Computing has a facility to use computing resources directly through
the Internet. Computing source may be a combination of software or hardware, or both, and computing
resources will be released in the form of Internet services. A service allows the user to access the computing

Journal homepage: http://ijece.iaescore.com/index.php/IJECE

Int J Elec & Comp Eng ISSN: 2088-8708  531

resource. Services operate on a remote server and users access the interface as a browser. Cloud computing
stores data stored on a user's remote cloud server [2]. Information technologies take new waves in order to
change civilizations. Computing significantly expanded, making the database more robust.
Cloud computing detects briefly that cloud computing services offer client-specific applications and
data storage through dedicated Web servers. In Cloud Computing all data is stored on a web server. There are
no data and applications on the client-utilized computer [3]. Only the operating system and the cloud
computing service will be the only application. Client Applications and data are accessible to get cloud
servers directly from cloud servers. There is no risk of software, crash and databases using cloud computing,
the client-utilized device also works faster.

2. CLOUD COMPUTING DEPLOYMENT MODELS

In Cloud Computing each model has a unique value proposition, which provides a line improvement
provider for the business and provides customer service option. The following is some of the major or
popular cloud operation models.
a. Private Cloud: Private Cloud infrastructure is controlled by a company or a third party and only maintains
the requirements of the company.
b. Public Cloud: Public Cloud infrastructure is available to a large organizations or general public and
owned by the vendor who provides cloud services.
c. Community Cloud: Community Cloud infrastructure is a shared community that has operated by one or
more organizations and supports the same services.
d. Hybrid Cloud: Hybrid Cloud infrastructure is a combination of two or more different cloud infrastructures
like private, public or community clouds, but portability of data and applications provided by standard
technology.

3. CLOUD COMPUTING SERVICES

The wide range of services offered by cloud computing organizations can be categorized into three
basictypes:

3.1. Software as a service (SaaS)

Many users allow access to the application when SaaS services provide better accessibility and
active functionality. SaaS services provide focused business operations. The cloud resource administrator
creates controls regarding users' access to applications.

3.2. Platform as a service (PaaS)

User configuration under PaaS does not use the applications and facilities provided by the cloud
provider. Cloud storage options are available to use cloud needs. The model pre-runner manages all cloud
computing designs. It provides support for applications and services and provides computational resources
through the host platform.

3.3. Infrastructure as a servive (IaaS)

This environment can include hardware, operating systems, network connectivity and other IT
resources. The IT resources provided by IaaS are generally not pre configured, placing the administrative
responsibility directly upon the cloud consumer. The user of the PaaS dedicated API makes it possible to
organize the activities of the server hosting engine to run and reproduce the environment based on user
requests. Each provider is based on its API related key capabilities, the app developed for each particular
group provider is not moved to another cloud host, but its API is excluded based on its related key
capabilities. There are attempts to extend simple programming designs with cloud capabilities. In Cloud
environment data is not stored on the user's computer but stored in the third parties cloud storage. The Cloud
Computing infrastructure allows its resources to be accessed between users, servers and can openly access
data/file stored in the cloud server. Due to this open access factor, one person's files or data is used by other
users of the cloud, resulting in more or less dangerous to treat data or files. Once intruders have access to
data, its abuse is a major threat. Intruder destroys the actual data or break off the communication. Cloud
service providers provide critical security over files and data that require much attention to security. One of
the most common problems in the cloud is that the person does not control the data storage space. Cloud
Service Provider provides a cloud user provided resource allocation and scheduling facility, when processed
when required to protect files/data. To defeat this problem, security in the cloud server should be effective.

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4. DATA SECURITY USING ENCRYPTION

Security is a key element in wide range of areas like network security, data security and user access
mechanisms. In Cloud Computing one of the major area is data security, encryption mechanisms,
data resiliency and replication, data availability and integrity are some of the popular methods to provide data
security in cloud computing. In these methods we have used encryption method by using RSA and Modified
RSA algorithms. In cloud-based data transmissions most commonly used protocol is HTTPS, which uses
SSL/TLS underlying protocol. Most of the Transport Layer Security implementations used by RSA algorithm
because it is the chief asymmetrical encryption cipher.
Generally Cloud Services has more harm than the intra network services and also additional security
problems arise on virtualization and outsourced resources. The major Cloud Security problems are raised
based on the selection of Cloud Service Model and runtime of the applications. To identify the security
problems on the cloud environment we have to analyze the following steps:
1. Identify the resource: Identify which type of resource (Data/Applications or Services) to deploy on
the cloud environment.
2. Identify the access level of the resource: Identify the risks that that are associated on the resource related
to availability, privacy, unauthorized access and loss of data.
3. Identify the deployment model: Cloud deployment models are private, public, community and hybrid.
Identify which type of deployment model is appropriate for your resource.
4. Determine the delivery model: Different cloud delivery models are available such as IaaS, PaaS and SaaS.
Identify which type of delivery model is suitable for your IT resource.
5. Evaluation of Cloud Provider: Users need to assess the system to know where data is stored and how data
is transferred in and out of the cloud environment after identify resources offered by a cloud provider.
Infrastructure is provided by IaaS, Frameworks for application development, manage structures and
transactions provided by PaaS and an Operating Environment with applications, effective user interface and
management provided by SaaS. From the existing service models IaaS has the least integrated functionality
so it requires minimum security but SaaS has more integrated functionality so we require more security [4].
SaaS is delivery model for shared cloud services that can be located as commercialized products
hosted by clouds. In this model cloud consumer is given access the cloud service contact, but not any
underlying IT resources or implantation details. The PaaS cloud delivery model enables a cloud provider to
offer a preconfigured environment that cloud consumers can use to build and deploy cloud services and
solutions, even though with decreased administrative control. A Cloud Consumer is accessing a ready-made
PaaS environment. IaaS cloud delivery model offers cloud consumers a high level administrative control over
“raw” infrastructure-based IT resources. A cloud consumer is using a virtual server with in an IaaS
environment. Cloud consumers are provided with range of contractual guarantees by the cloud provider,
pertaining to characteristics such as capacity performance and availability.

5. RSA ALGORITHM
RSA authentication and the identity of service provider over insecure communication medium.
Cracking the RSA encryption is at most as difficult as factoring huge numbers [5, 6]. The RSA algorithm
involves three steps [7, 8]:
1. Generation of Key
2. Encryption by using Public Key and
3. Decryption by using Private Key.
Select two different prime numbers p and q.
The integer’s p and q should be generated at randomly because of security.
compute n = p*q;
compute f(n) = (p-1)(q-1)
choose e such that e is relatively prime to f(n) and less than f(n).
find out d such that de congruent modulo 1 (mod f(n)) and d<f(n).
Public key = {e, n}, Private key = {d, n}
Cipher text c = message e mod n
Plain text p = ciphertext d mod n

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Int J Elec & Comp Eng ISSN: 2088-8708  533

6. MODIFIED RSA MODEL

Figure 1 show the encryption and decryption using MDRSA.

Figure 1. Encryption and decryption using MDRSA

We divide the program into 3 parts

1. plaintext + publickey1 --> ciphertext1
2. ciphertext1 + publickey2 --> ciphertext 2
3. ciphertext1 + private key --> plain text
In the majority cases the problem of RSA is breakable as of simply calculation of keys based on N,
because it is the only product of two prime numbers, N can be easily noticeable. Once the value of N is
recognized, an intruder can recover the keys and crack the system. The most important modifications which
build the system is capable and secure are considered in the modified RSA Model [9, 10].
Modified RSA algorithm is performed by following way:
1. n1 = p x q
2. n2 = r x s
3. N = n1*n2
4. ph = (p-1) (q-1) (r-1) (s-1)
5. e = e1*e2
6. Calculate e1 and e2 and multiply two values (e1*e2) or calculate e and divide e into e1 and e2 then we get
two encryption dan one decryption.
The modified RSA Model generates randomly four large prime numbers p, q, r and s. There are
three components consisting in public key generation e, f, N where e and f are at random generated and also
three components consisting in private key generation d, g, N where d and g are randomly generated [11, 12].
In customized RSA model more complexity number is N. In public and private key generation N is the same
value, an intruder with the information of N cannot find out the values of four prime numbers which are
essential for finding the value of N and consequently e and f [13, 14].

7. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Key Size: [1024]
Generated prime numbers p, q, r and s
p:
[DBB0B0485D335DF044F4EDD18415D5A43BAF2C9FB8A99BE5347E910138D19AF24788AF77801DE
68E47BBB85AA839DC374A539B3AE6F8449389BDC5FCEF3F6298C06C17264BA809FD7EC50FE0D9
A7753EF8F2C30216046------]
q:
[96D0AF060D3116D4686A5156CD44FF53B647376816B3F34D00BB7A0DAF048627A49494716E41DA
822D5734976DA6FB5EBA062CC913758E6208E93D6D7E4320331CE85C841E031095B0FDBA7730BD8
5F3CFD8FB9B1CAD15C------]

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534  ISSN: 2088-8708

r:
[8DD21B80761BBF6C8C0DB42F70CBB9DE0962DC0C19DE32D77830B6856BE09E5158C302C94F982
12982086BB09DF8098064F848B8D4401D544E37C76D0B1C7033B431037FEAD1557296626188B20DF1
756E2B7A7191B2C72D4FB7A----]
s:
[9FEBECA150EB7E87E6F63C8E20E19F8112379CA8BF0FA7F474EB0BC6662BE29C2CD50B22330EB
0CA0D6BC9FE3288A275A706845CC518C989F2FBC1FD3001C18FBAE3BFA3505912B72D411A5DCD
CA18A941255699432494C1D2162-----]
Public Key pair n and E
Generated Value of N:
[2CCA47C6672AA889B2FBB67F1D71B6C4884A8CB7B0EBBD5FFEB52507C83DA918A509C858A389
37CDC68DDB55C20FE7F44C9195048F5E00447C66734D9094BDC164F067C68AD7470FF784282FBD3
2E123309C469E360EDF9-----]
Generated Value of E:
[D12E253C6B9A2D1C4DAF5890FB3D5ACBB8CBE7736E37AC70B3AEFEEC5AEF2B2AC2484C9E769
AF1D44831A9DDE0EF2E767269FFD07F99854B4A0583EAF4457B7907B2F50EBC55C4A34656E4AA6
2190477ECEF5BA8FF8CD0D01DB-----]
Private Key pair n and D
Generated Value of N:
[2CCA47C6672AA889B2FBB67F1D71B6C4884A8CB7B0EBBD5FFEB52507C83DA918A509C858A389
37CDC68DDB55C20FE7F44C9195048F5E00447DA64677C28F24FD8069389D8B6CFC66734D9094BDC
164F067C68AD7470FF784---------]
Generated Value of D:
[1A9A8F639F9776D55E9C0C79E00728BDE804E7A9C513613E1C5197FD519E78A030719A6705439235
97D602D5F1A9F8DA1192D491A73B68D94F47F27396FD95135BFD88EA9EB1A17A11D776A3D471D5
F6394632FA100BA7D4AFE883A3-----]
Please enter message (plaintext):
This is secret information
Generated Cipher text:
[532076F90468DA03C7696D357210A2DDB35444D25D764A1D705535B320F25029DB786E7DF8114C4
C4D877A271318D41823AA1B7647DACB1E2A9B9A866F951F740056732D758DF177FA41B280D3764B
F6D5B3202242210A9BF1E667-------]
Execution time for encryption in milliseconds: 3087.0078
Generated Cipher text1:
[1FAA52CC64E4A85AA9CD083C1116BC9BF07D90A8FD19A7C12C8C7FBEA0E976F788D5BA532F20
46D6D873E8031672A8A1A8B02772AB7F12679A647E1288417CF45B9E4AE6AE65D8DB49B6A6E3A3
C77E2B07B714E8BE2C56C7AF5-----]
Execution time for decryption in milliseconds: 3087.0078
Recovered plaintext: [This is secret information]

Figure 2 show time consumption for different key sizes by key generation using RSA and MDRSA
Algorithm.

Figure 2. Time consumption for different key sizes by key generation using RSA and MDRSA Algorithm

Int J Elec & Comp Eng, Vol. 10, No. 1, February 2020 : 530 - 537
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The RSA and Modified RSA models represent the encryption and decryption time in milliseconds
based on key sizes from 128 bits to 2048 bits. We recommended that Modified RSA with key size 1024 bits
will be a optimize solution which make balance between speed and security from the reaming key size
values [15, 16].

8. PERFORMANCE EVALUATION
The proposed Modified RSA (MDSA) algorithm is examined on varying bit sizes of input.
Performance of original RSA algorithm by Rivest, Shamir, and Adleman [17, 18] are shown in Table 1.
Also the performance of Modified RSA (MDSA) scheme in terms of encryption time and decryption is
shown in Table 2. Comparing the above tables, it can be concluded that the time of key generation of
Modified RSA (MDSA) is higher than that of RSA. The higher key generation time of Modified RSA
(MDSA) can be seen as an advantage by the fact that the time to break the system is high because of the extra
complexity added. Figure 3 shown the encryption time comparison between RSA and proposed Modified
RSA (MDSA) scheme [19, 20]. It illustrates that, for the lower bit length of prime numbers, two algorithms
consume the almost identical amount of time. But with the increase of bit length, the difference between
curves rises rapidly [21, 22].

Table 1. Encryption time comparison using RSA Table 2. Decryption time comparison using RSA
and MDRSA Algorithms and MDRSA Algorithms
Key Size Encryption time in Encryption time Key Size Decryption time Decryption time in
(in bits) ms (RSA) in ms (MDRSA) (in bits) in ms (RSA) ms (MDRSA)
128 0.19 0.68 128 0.29 2.9
256 0.36 1.48 256 0.98 14.28
512 0.57 3.2 512 5.3 87.96
1024 1.72 7.8 1024 26.19 446.34
2048 3.33 21.92 2048 130.84 2472.72
4096 11.18 56.88 4096 1116.26 19983.38

Figure 3. Encryption and decryption time comparison using RSA and MDRSA Algorithms based on key size

Figure 3 illustrate the encryption and decryption time comparison between RSA and proposed
Modified RSA (MDSA) scheme. We recommended that Modified RSA with key size 1024 bits will be
a optimize solution which make balance between speed and security from the reaming key size
values [23, 24]. With the increase of bit length, the difference between curves elevates rapidly at key size
2048 and 4096, it can be easily seen that encryption and decryption times are higher than RSA. The increase
in time is adaptable because it increases the security to a great extent in the proposed Modified RSA (MRSA)
method [25].

9. CONCLUSION
This manuscript has proposed a structure to provide confidentiality protection to the data stored in
cloud environment. The modified RSA scheme used to protect the data in such a way that no reveal of data
on cloud. Thus, in our projected work, only the approved user can access the data using the private key can
be correctly decrypted. If some unauthorized users gets the data by chance or intentionally if he/she captures
An efficient and secure data storage in cloud computing using modified RSA public ... (Y. Kiran Kumar)
536  ISSN: 2088-8708

the data also, he/she can’t decrypt it and get back the original data from it. With the help of this new security
model which is modified RSA Public Key Cryptosystem, we can improve the security flaw of existing data
security model in cloud environment and thereby guarantee the data security in cloud environment.
In this modified RSA algorithm verification is more secure than RSA algorithm.

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BIOGRAPHIES OF AUTHORS

Mr. Y.Kiran Kumar, M.C.A, (Ph.D), he received his Master of Computer Applications from
Sri Venkatesra University,Tirupati. He is Pursuing Ph.D from Bharathiar University,
Coimbatore. He is having more than 10 years of teaching experience, Currently he is working
as a Assistant Professor in the department of M.C.A in Sree Vidyanikethan Engineering
College, Affiliated by JNTUA, Ananthapuramu, India. His areas of research interests include
Web Technologies, Service Oriented Architecture and Cloud Computing.

Dr. R. Mahammad Shafi, M.C.A, M.Tech, Ph.D He received his Ph.D from University of
Allahabad, Allahabad. He is having more than 20 years of teaching experience. His areas of
research interests include Software Engineering, Software Testing and Quality Assurance.
He has published papers in refereed journals and conference proceedings in these areas.
He has been involved in conferences and workshops as a Committee member, organizer and
Session Chair.

An efficient and secure data storage in cloud computing using modified RSA public ... (Y. Kiran Kumar)