CHAPTER – 1

PROFILE OF INDUSTRY

LGB founded in 1937 as a Transport Operator is now 84 years young today.

Today, LGB has to its name 19 state-of-the-art manufacturing plants in India and
one in the United States. L.G.B has transformed into a technology solution
provider with a turnover of more than US$ 200 Million. Housing sophisticated
manufacturing facilities in over 1.5 million square feet of built up area, LGB is a
leading player in transmission products with its Automotive Timing and Drive
Chains, Sprockets, Auto Tensioners, Guides, Fine Blanked Components, Precision
Machined Parts, Belts, Rubber Products and Scooter Components. Today, LGB
commands an unrivalled domestic OEM market share in India and a good presence
in the worldwide OEM market.

L.G.B is a leading player in transmission products with its Automotive

Timing and Drive Chains, Sprockets, Auto Tensioners, Guides, Fine Blanked
Components, Precision Machined Parts, Belts & Rubber Products

The core functions like R&D, Machine Building, Tool room, Heat treatment
and other service divisions operate under the strict supervision of the Corporate
office as LGB believes that, a high degree of responsiveness can meet the shifting
needs of the marketplace.

1.1) PRODUCTS

1.1.1) Automotive chains.

 Chain drive is a way of transmitting mechanical power from one place to

another. It is often used to convey power to the wheels of a vehicle,

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 particularly bicycles and motorcycles. It is also used in a wide variety of
machines besides vehicles.

 Most often, the power is conveyed by a roller chain, known as the drive
chain or transmission chain, passing over a sprocket gear, with the teeth of
the gear meshing with the holes in the links of the chain. The gear is turned,
and this pulls the chain putting mechanical force into the system. Another
type of drive chain is the Morse chain, invented by the Morse Chain
Company of Ithaca, New York, United States. This has inverted teeth.

1.1.2) Sprockets

A sprocket sprocket-wheel or chain wheel is a profiled wheel with teeth that

mesh with a chain, track or other perforated or indented material. The name
'sprocket' applies generally to any wheel upon which radial projections engage a
chain passing over it. It is distinguished from a gear in that sprockets are never
meshed together directly, and differs from a pulley in that sprockets have teeth and
pulleys are smooth except for timing pulleys used with toothed belts.

Fig-1.2 Automotive Sprocket

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1.1.3) Chain Tensioners

A tensioner is a device that applies a force to create or maintain tension. The

force may be applied parallel to, as in the case of a hydraulic bolt tensioner, or
perpendicular to, as in the case of a spring-loaded bicycle chain tensioner, the
tension it creates. The force may be generated by a fixed displacement, as in the
case of an eccentric bicycle bottom bracket, which must be adjusted as parts wear,
or by stretching or compressing a spring, as in the case of a spring-loaded bicycle
chain tensioner; by changing the volume of a gas, as in the case of a marine riser
tensioner; by hydraulic pressure, as in the case of a hydraulic bolt tensioner; or by
gravity acting on a suspended mass, as in the case of a chair lift cable tensioner. In
the power sector, the tensioner is a machine for maintaining constant tension of the
conductors during work of hanging the transmission network.

1.1.4) Automotive Belts.

A belt is a loop of flexible material used to link two or more

rotating shafts mechanically, most often parallel. Belts may be used as a source of
motion, to transmit power efficiently or to track relative movement. Belts are
looped over pulleys and may have a twist between the pulleys, and the shafts need
not be parallel .In a two pulley system, the belt can either drive the pulleys
normally in one direction (the same if on parallel shafts), or the belt may be
crossed, so that the direction of the driven shaft is reversed (the opposite direction
to the driver if on parallel shafts). The belt drive can also be used to change the
speed of rotation, either up or down, by using different sized pulleys.

Belts are the cheapest utility for power transmission between shafts that may
not be axially aligned. Power transmission is achieved by purposely designed belts
and pulleys. The varieties of power transmission needs that can be met by a belt-
drive transmission system are numerous, and this has led to many variations on the
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theme. Belt drives run smoothly and with little noise, and provide shock absorption
for motors, loads, and bearings when the force and power needed changes. A
drawback to belt drives is that they transmit less power than gears or chain drives.
However, improvements in belt engineering allow use of belts in systems that
formerly only allowed chain drives or gears.

Fig 1.3 – Automotive belt

1.1.5) Drive Chain

The LGB drive chains are the most preferred chains by the OEM‟s, Racing
and after-market application due to the best performances of the product. With the
best manufacturing practices LGB has become world class and being supplied in
domestic and international markets, with its exports to Japan, Thailand and
Indonesia, North America and Europe. Many of the OEM‟s use LGB drive system
for their exports models also.

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 Fig 1.4 Sealed Chain

The purpose of the Drive chain is to transmit power from the engine to the
rear wheel. This is done by the Front Sprocket coupled to the engine shaft and
through a drive chain; power is transmitted to the Rear sprocket which is attached
to the rear wheel. The Front Sprocket, the Drive Chain and the Rear Sprocket
combined is the Rear Wheel Drive System.

1.1.6) Engine Timing Chain System

The typical engine timing drives system, especially the timing chain drive
system consists of Timing chain, Drive sprocket, Driven sprocket, Chain guide,
Tensioner arm, Tensioner assembly. LGB is capable of designing and developing
the timing chain drives from scratch. The optimized system design is obtained
through a thorough CAE analysis for dynamics and stress.

1.1.7) Engine Chain Drives

The cam and the fuel injection pump drive systems are considered as a
critical chain drive systems in the engine, typically these chains are maintaining the
ignition timing in the engine and generally classified as Timing chain. The timing
chain which drives the cam shaft is transmitting power from the crank shaft to the

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cam shaft. Similarly the chain drives the fuel injection pumps transmitting power
from the crank shaft to the fuel injection pump shaft. Few applications a single
chain transmits power to the number of driven systems such as cam, fuel injection
pump and the oil pump.

Fig 1.5 Silent Chain

1.1.8) Sprockets & Gears

A sprocket is a profiled wheel with teeth that mesh with a chain. The name
„sprocket‟ applies generally to any wheel upon which radial projections engage a
chain passing over it. It is distinguished from a gear in that sprockets are never
meshed directly. Sprockets are used in bicycles, motorcycles, tracked vehicles, and
other machinery either to transmit rotary motion between two shafts where gears
are unsuitable or to impart linear motion to a track, tapes etc.

Fig 1.6 Sprockets & Gears

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1.1.9) Fine Blanking – The Leading Edge
Fine Blanking is a metal forming process used to produce „Net Shape‟
finished parts in single operation or with minimal secondary processing. Hydraulic
presses are used to actuate the tool and die in three motions, thus makes clear shear
with straight edges with no fracture zones, good flatness tolerances and high level
of angular accuracy. Comparing to conventional stamping process, the die
clearance in Fine Blanking process is one tenth, which eliminates the tearing on the
cut edges of the parts.
Fine blanking is a derivative process of stamping process that uses additional
tools and attachments to manufacture gears of better dimensional accuracy and
precision than the stamping process. Extrusion is used to generate teeth on long
rods by pushing the gear material through a die of the required shape and size. Fine
Blanking is particularly noted for its geometrical accuracy and close tolerance of
metal cutting; chip flowing such as milling, grinding, shaving, broaching etc.;
combined with the productivity of metal stamping operations.

Fig 1.7 Fine Blanking

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 There have been several technological breakthroughs both in tool making
and press manufacture; most revolutionary is the development of Electro Wire
Erosion Machines and CNC Controlled Presses. Fine Blanking technology has
created niche requirements in the automobile industry for the production of high
precision parts for engines, transmission ports, breaking systems, door latches,
window lifters, gearboxes etc. The ability of the technology to produce 100% shear
edges with extremely close tolerance has been recognized by industries such as
switchgears, compressors, 2-wheelers, aviation and many more.
1.1.10) Scooter Parts.

1) Self Lubricating Virgin Polymer

2) Over Moulded Roller Weights
3) Rust Free Plated Metal
4) Precise metal weight produced in cold forging process

1.2) CUSTOMERS

As well as chains, we also supply sprockets, auto-tensioners and belts based

on customer requirements and specifications. Our major OEM customers
include Honda, Larsen & Toubro, Jacob & Muller, Bajaj, Tvs-Suzuki, Tata
Motors, Brakes India, LML, Kinetic and Kawasaki.

1.21) General About Balakrishnan & Bros

Balakrishnan & Bros Limited is a transport company. The Company is

engaged in the business of manufacturing chains, sprockets and metal formed parts
for automotive applications. The Company's segments include transmission, metal
forming and others.

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1.3) RESOURCES OF THE INDUSTRY

LGB Balakrishnan's official website (www.lgb.co.in): This is a great

resource for information about the company's products, services, and history
.Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) and National Stock Exchange (NSE) websites:
LGB Balakrishnan Limited is listed on both of these stock exchanges. You can
find financial information, annual reports, and other filings related to the company
on.

Business and financial news websites: Websites like Economic Times,

Business Standard, Money control, and Bloomberg Quint regularly cover news
related to LGB Balakrishnan Limited and may provide additional information
about the company. Company registrar website: The Ministry of Corporate Affairs
maintains a company registrar website (www.mca.gov.in) where you can access
public records related to LGB Balakrishnan Limited, such as its incorporation
documents, annual reports, and other regulatory filings.

1.4) MARKETING CONTRIBUTIONS

Product Innovation: LGB Balakrishnan and Bros has been involved in the
development and launch of several innovative products in the automotive chain
industry. This has helped the company to differentiate its products from
competitors and establish a strong brand image in the market. Brand Awareness:
LGB Balakrishnan and Bros have invested heavily in building brand awareness
and promoting its products. The company has participated in trade shows,
exhibitions, and other marketing events to showcase its products to potential
customers.

Customer Service: The company has a strong focus on customer service and
has implemented several initiatives to improve customer satisfaction. This includes
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providing technical support, offering customized solutions to meet specific
customer requirements, and ensuring timely delivery of products. Digital
Marketing: LGB Balakrishnan and Bros has embraced digital marketing to reach a
wider audience and engage with customers online. The company has an active
presence on social media platforms such as LinkedIn and Twitter, and has also
invested in search engine optimization (SEO) and pay-per-click (PPC) advertising
to drive traffic to its website.

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 CHAPTER – 2

SCHEDULE OF INTERNSHIP

This is to certify that this Internship report on L.G. BALAKRISHNAN &

BROS LTD., COIMBATORE in the bonafide record of work done by ANDRO
JULIUS (Roll No: 21LME063) for EXCEL GROUP OF INSTITUTION during
the period from 05.12.2022 to 05.01.2023

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 CHAPTER – 3

OBSERVATION

ALL IN ONE ROOF! EVERYTHING IN HOUSE!

L.G.B is a leading player in transmission products with its Automotive

Timing and Drive Chains, Sprockets, Auto Tensioners, Guides, Fine Blanked
Components, Precision Machined Parts, Belts & Rubber Products

The core functions like R&D, Machine Building, Tool room, Heat treatment
and other service divisions operate under the strict supervision of the corporate
office as LGB believes that, a high degree of responsiveness can meet the shifting
needs of the marketplace.

3.1) GENERAL CONDITIONS OF LGB PURCHASE ORDER

3.1.1) Purchase order

Order Confirmation by supplier

 E-mail confirmation
 LGB Portal Registration
 Price/Quantity/Specification/Drawing confirmation
 Any amendments to the above, supplier to get approval from LGB or with
Mutual agreement
 Product should meet LGB‟s Approval – Drawing /Specification/Agreement

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3.1.2) Delivery & supply condition

 Material should not be supplied without Purchase order

 Supplier to ensure delivery schedule as per Purchase order
 In case of quality or Customer Rejection, safety etc. LGB shall return or
dispose and to be borne by the supplier.
 Any failure arising due to act of god /flood/strike/Transportation
embargoes/lockouts/ etc. which is beyond our control, the contract shall be
deemed to have been entered into at Coimbatore and all proceedings (if any)
shall be filed any litigated in the civil courts of Coimbatore and nowhere
else.

3.1.3) Documentation

 Original Invoice /Test certificate /Packing slip /MSDS/Product Data sheet

are to be sent along with supply wherever applicable.
 LGB prefer one invoice in one material
 In case multiple material supplier should ensure invoices based on the
GST%
 Shelf Life should be disclosed in each Invoice /Packing slip/Product
 Chemical Hazardous supplies should be communicated in all stages i.e
Handling/Transporting/Transhipment /Delivery Locations
 LGB expect all suppliers should be certified in IATF 16949:2016 QMS
 Any change in Process or Design modifications should be submitted and
approved through PPAP in addition to the 8D formats for all Corrective and
Preventive actions.

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3.1.4) Statutory

LGB expect all suppliers should be GSTIN regsitered should adhere all
governmental regulations and implemented time to time by understanding the loss
to customer, in case of failing and uploading within a prescribed period month
after month, any failure will be borne by the supplier.

3.1.5) Packing

Proper Packages and Identification to be addressed by the supplier by

understanding where the materials are used for the safety related Customer.

3.1.6) Bank Instructions

Where documents sent through Bank are not received in time and the buyer
is called upon to pay interest, demurages, wastage and any other expenses
incidental thereto, such expenses shall be to the seller‟s account.

3.1.7) GST conditions

Any Loss due to delay in Filing of Returns /Nonpayment of Tax/ Delay of

Payment/ Mismatched Tax /any Interest Liability of Govt, will be recovered from
Supplier.

3.1.8) General Conditions

The supplier shall not engage into a financial or personal interest or any
other relationship with a LGB employee even the appearance of a conflict of
interest can be damaging to LGB and to the suppliers , and are to be disclosed and
approved in advanced by LGB management .

Business gifts and hospitality are sometimes used in the normal course of
business activity, if offers of gifts or hospitality ( including entertainment or
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travel)are frequent or of substantial value , they may create the perception of, or an
actual conflict of interest or an „ illicit payment‟ therefore , gifts and hospitality
given or received should not be encouraged.

3.1.9) Healthy and Safety

 The suppliers shall provide a safety, healthy and clean working environment
for its employees.
 The suppliers shall not employ children at their work places.
 The suppliers shall not use forced labour in any form.

3.1.10) Environment

 The supplier shall work for environmental sustainability, particularly with

regard to the emission of greenhouse gases, consumption of water and
energy and the management of waste and hazardous materials.
 Polythene or plastic cover used for packing should be not less than 50
microns.
 Supplier shall establish & implement ISO14001 & OHSAS 18001.
 Supplier shall comply ROHS & REACH Compliances.
 Hazardous waste disposal shall through PCB authorized recyclers.

3.1.11) Sustainable Procurement

Minimize our environmental impact with supply chain benefits through

better selection and improved usage of products Encourage LGB‟s supplier to
minimize their environmental impact with supply chain benefits in their own
operation.

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 CHAPTER – 4

LEARNING OUTCOMES

An internship experience can offer you the important benefit of career

exploration and be an excellent resume builder, but it is important to remember
that academic credit is awarded for the learning achieved, not for the work
experience alone. The primary purpose of doing an academic internship is to better
understand the theories, ideas, and practices of your discipline or major by actively
engaging in a "hands-on," work-based, learning experience. In addition, an
internship can be a very exciting way to learn.

Your internship can provide you with an opportunity to question and

examine the tension between theory and practice. In other words, how does what
you read and talk about in your classes compare to what you observe and
experience outside the classroom? An internship is also a time of inquiry. Inquiry
is seeking to learn by asking and observing. Students can discover new knowledge
and understanding for themselves by being curious explorers and investigators
during an internship.

4.1) PLANNING FOR YOUR LEARNING

Planning for your learning can be done effectively through the construction
of your internship learning goals. The learning goals form serves several purposes:

 It provides a framework or structure for the internship, describing the roles

and responsibilities of all parties involved.
 It serves as a guide and reminder to the student, work supervisor and faculty
supervisor of the academic purpose and activities of the internship, regarding
both the learning and skills fostered by the work experience.
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  It provides the basis for evaluation and validation of the learning gained
from the experience.

Before you write you‟re learning goals, a good place to start is with the widely
accepted educational goals for learning that are important to incorporate into any
academic internship. The three categories for common learning goals are:

4.1.1) Cognitive Development Goals

 To apply knowledge and skills related to the concepts, principles, and

methodologies of one‟s major or discipline and liberal arts education (i.e.,
connecting theory to practice).
 To acquire new knowledge in a new setting to enhance classroom education.
 To integrate or synthesize knowledge from diverse disciplines, courses and
areas of experience.
 To apply higher order thinking skills (critical thinking, analysis, synthesis,
evaluation, complex problem solving) to “real world” situations.

4.1.2) General Skill Development Goals

 To develop skill competencies specific to an occupation or profession.

 To expand oral and written communication skills.
 To increase skills for understanding and working with people of diverse
backgrounds and cultures and to work effectively within diverse
environments.
 To acquire additional interpersonal communication and interaction skills.
 To develop skills to work effectively within formal and informal networks
and work cultures.
 To further develop observation, recording and interpretation skills.

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  To develop skills needed for effective citizenship.
 To acquire skills in leadership.

4.1.3) Personal Development Goals

 To develop self-awareness.
 To clarify one's own values.
 To develop self-reliance and self-confidence.
 To develop and use an ethical perspective.
 To develop career awareness, direction and exploration of vocation

4.2) WRITING LEARNING GOALS

 Explore career alternatives prior to graduation.

 Integrate theory and practice.
 Assess interests and abilities in their field of study.
 Learn to appreciate work and its function in the economy.
 Develop work habits and attitudes necessary for job success.
 Develop communication, interpersonal and other critical skills in the
job interview process.
 Build a record of work experience.
 Acquire employment contacts leading directly to a full-time job
following graduation from college.
 Identify, write down, and carry out performance objectives (mutually
agreed upon by the employer, the MCC experiential learning
supervisor, and the student) related to their job assignment.

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 CHAPTER -5

CONCLUSIONS

We were complete all of our assigned tasks and responsibilities. If we have

any outstanding projects or assignments, make sure we finish them on time.
Reflect on our experience take some time to think about what we learned during
our internship. We did enjoy most about our experience Say thank you take the
time to thank your supervisor, colleagues, and anyone else who helped us during
our internship. This can be done in person, via email, or through a thank-you note.
This can help to identify the areas for improvement and gave us a better
understanding of what we did well. Stay in touch Keep in touch with our
colleagues and supervisor after our internship ends. This can help us build our
professional network and potentially lead to future job opportunities.

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