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Tutorial 8

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8 views

Tutorial 8

Uploaded by

vayurramruthan11
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MATHEMATICS 1B (MATH141)

TUTORIAL 8 (16–20 SEPTEMBER 2024)

Power series
∫
1. Confirm the integration formula sin x dx = − cos x + C using appropriate Maclaurin
series.

2. The limit of an indeterminate form as x → x0 can often be found by using series repre-
sentations (in powers of x − x0 ) of the functions involved. Use this method to find the
following limits.

e x − 1 − x2 ln(1 + x2 ) − x2 tan−1 y − sin y


2

(a) lim (b) lim (c) lim


x→0 x4 x→0 x4 y→0 y 3 cos y
(Ans: (a) 1/2, (b) −1/2, (c) −1/6)

Binomial series and binomial theorem

x ∑
∞
√ 1(3)(5) . . . (2k − 3) k
3. Show that 1+x=1+ + (−1)k+1 x for |x| < 1.
2 k=2 2k k!

√ ∑
∞
1(3)(5) . . . (2k − 1)
4. (a) Find binomial series for 1/ 1 − x. (Ans: 1+ xk for |x| < 1)
k=1
2k k!
(b) Use this to find a series representation for sin−1 x in powers of x. (Ans: x +
∑∞
1(3)(5) . . . (2k − 1) x2k+1
k k!
)
k=1
2 2k + 1

1 ∑ k(k − 1)
∞
5. We found in tutorial 7 (using differentiation) that = xk−2 for |x| < 1.
(1 − x)3 k=2
2
1
Verify this by finding the binomial series for .
(1 − x)3
( )10
2 5 3
6. (a) Obtain the coefficient of x in the binomial expansion of x + 7 . (Ans:
x
17010)
( )13
4
(b) Find the coefficient of x in the binomial expansion of 2x − 5
12 2
. (Ans:
x
156(214 ))

Parametric curves

7. Sketch the curve by eliminating the parameter t. Indicate the curve’s orientation.
√
(a) x = t, y = 2t + 4 (t ∈ R) (Ans: Right half of the parabola y = 2x2 + 4 traversed
upward)
x2 y2
(b) x = 2 cos t, y = 5 sin t (0 ≤ t ≤ 2π) (Ans: Ellipse 4
+ 25
= 1 with anticlockwise
orientation)
(c) x = 3 + 2 cos t, y = 2 + 2 sin t (0 ≤ t ≤ 2π) (Ans: Circle (x − 3)2 + (y − 2)2 = 4
with anticlockwise orientation)
(d) x = cos 2t, y = sin t (−π/2 ≤ t ≤ π/2) (Ans: Parabola x = 1 − 2y 2 from (−1, −1)
to (−1, 1))
(e) x = sec2 t, y = tan2 t (0 ≤ t ≤ π/3) (Ans: Line x = 1 + y from (1, 0) to (4, 3))
(f) x = 1 − 3 cos t, y = −2 + 2 sin t (0 ≤ t ≤ π) (Ans: Upper half of the ellipse
(x−1)2 2

9
+ (y+2)
4
= 1 from (−2, −2) to (4, −2))

8. (a) Sketch the parametric curve C: x = t2 + 1, y = t − 1 where −2 ≤ t ≤ 1 and indicate


its orientation. (Ans: Parabola x = y 2 + 2y + 2 from (5, −3) to (2, 0))
(b) State a parametric representation of C with the orientation reversed. (Ans: x =
t2 − 2t + 2, y = −t where 0 ≤ t ≤ 3; this answer is not unique)
dy d2 y
9. Find and 2 at the given point without eliminating the parameter.
dx dx
√
(a) x = t, y = 2t + 7 at t = 1 (Ans: 4, 4)
√
(b) x = sec t, y = tan t at t = π/4 (Ans: 2, −1)
√
(c) x = t + cos t, y = 1 + sin t at t = π/4 (Ans: 2 + 1, 3−22√2 )

10. Determine the equation of the (tangent line to the cycloid x = t − sin t, y = 1 − cos t at
√ )
t = 2π/3. (Ans: y − 32 = √13 x − 2π 3
+ 23 )

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