THEME: PATTERNS AND ALGEBRA

TOPIC: LINEAR PROGRAMMING

KAZIBA STEPHEN
20th January 2025
Reflection
● Imagine you have 10 hours this weekend, and you want to split your time
between studying for an important exam and helping a friend with a project.
Studying improves your grade, while helping your friend builds your
relationship. However, you can’t spend more than 10 hours total, and you
want to achieve the best balance between both activities.
● How would you decide how many hours to allocate to each task to get the
best outcome?
Competency

● The learner understands and uses linear

programming to solve problems.
LEARNING OUTCOMES

● By the end of this lesson you should be able to

- form linear inequalities based on real life situations
Search for the Key words
KEY WORDS

● Feasible region
● Objective function/Linear function
● Variable
● Constraint
● Optimum solution
● Decision variable
● Maximization
● Minimization
A school has prepared to take students on a tour and
has two transport options to choose from. Which mode
of transport would you recommend, and why?
 Scenario

Mrs. Nicole is preparing for the new school term and wants to ensure Tasks
her son Frank has everything he needs. She has a total of UGX 100,000 ● What two things will determine how Mrs.
to cover both snacks and pocket money for him. Each snack pack costs
UGX 10,000, and Mrs. Nicole wants to provide at most 6 snack packs. Nicole will spend the money?
However, Mrs. Nicole believes pocket money is more essential for
● What conditions is Mrs. Nicole working on?
Frank than snacks. She plans to allocate more money for pocket money ● If Mrs. Nicole buys 4 snacks ,how much
than she spends on snacks. With this in mind, she aims to balance her
spending while staying within her budget and ensuring Frank is well- pocket money will Frank receive .
provided for. ● What formula have you used to find the
Can you help Mrs. Nicole decide how many snack packs to buy and how pocket money to be given to frank
much pocket money to give Frank?

● What is the end aim of Mrs. Nicole?

 LP APPLICATIONS
1. Engineering: Optimizes design and manufacturing processes, including shape optimization for better material use and
performance.
2. Efficient Manufacturing: Maximizes profits by optimizing production schedules, resource allocation, and minimizing waste.
3. Energy Industry: Optimizes electric power systems for cost savings and efficiency, especially in managing renewable energy
sources.
4. Transportation Optimization: Enhances cost and time efficiency by optimizing routes, scheduling, and fleet management.
5. Supply Chain Management: Helps in inventory control, warehouse optimization, and transportation logistics to minimize costs
and meet demand efficiently.
6. Agriculture: Optimizes resource allocation for crop planting, irrigation, and harvesting to maximize yield and minimize costs.
7. Finance and Investment: Used for portfolio optimization, risk management, and maximizing returns on investment by
determining the best asset allocation.
8. Telecommunications: Optimizes the allocation of bandwidth, minimizing network congestion and improving service delivery.
9. Healthcare: Optimizes the allocation of medical resources, such as beds, staff, and equipment, to improve patient care and
minimize costs.
10. Marketing: Helps companies optimize advertising budgets, customer targeting, and product placement to maximize profits.
11. Menu Planning: Optimizes food costs, balances variety and nutrition, maximizes customer satisfaction, and minimizes food
waste in the food service and hospitality industries.
Linear programming

● Linear programming is a mathematical method used to determine the best or optimal solution to
a problem that involves making decisions about how to allocate limited resources effectively to
achieve a specific goal or set of objectives.

● Linear programming (LP) or Linear Optimisation may be defined as the problem of maximizing
or minimizing a linear function that is subjected to linear constraints.
Components of Linear Programming

● The basic components of the LP are as follows:

● Decision Variables
● Constraints
● Data
● Objective Functions
Symbols used for Specific inequality phrases

< > ≥ ≤
• Greater than • Greater than or equal to • Less than or equal to
• Less than • More than • At least • At most
• Fewer than • Exceeds • Minimum • Maximum
• Lower than • Larger than • Not less than • Not more than
• Smaller than • Longer than • Not fewer than • Not greater than
• Shorter than • Above • Not below • Does not exceed
• Below • Not smaller than • Not above
 Steps of approaching the LPI

● Define the variables to be used i.e x and y

● Form the inequalities satisfying the given conditions
including the non negativity constraints
● Formulate the objective function i.e f(x,y) = ax + by
 ACTIVITY

Forming Linear inequalities Based

on Real life situations
 Activity 1
Mr. Opio is a farmer who grows both maize and beans on his
farm. He has limited resources and must adhere to certain
planting restrictions for optimal crop rotation and yield. The
following conditions govern how many fields of maize and beans
he can plant:

1. He must plant at least two fields of maize (corn) to meet

market demand for maize.
2. He must plant at least two fields of beans to ensure a
balanced crop yield for food security.
3. The total number of fields used for maize and beans must not
exceed 10 fields in total, as he has limited land space.
4. He must ensure that no more than 6 fields are planted with
maize to avoid overuse of soil for that crop.
5. He wants to maximize the overall crop yield from maize and
beans, considering the market value of each crop. The value per
field of maize is UGX 200,000, while the value per field of beans
is UGX 150,000.
 Activity 2
A local restaurant is planning its menu for the week. They offer two types of
dishes: vegetarian and non-vegetarian. The restaurant wants to optimize its
menu offerings while adhering to certain budget and nutritional requirements.

The following restrictions govern the planning:

● The restaurant must offer at least 5 vegetarian dishes to cater to

vegetarian customers.

● The total number of dishes (vegetarian and non-vegetarian) should not

exceed 15 dishes in total.

● The budget for purchasing ingredients for the dishes is UGX 2,000,000.

● Each vegetarian dish costs UGX 100,000 to prepare, while each non-
vegetarian dish costs UGX 150,000.

● The restaurant wants to maximize the nutritional value of the menu. Each
vegetarian dish provides 8 nutrition units, and each non-vegetarian dish
provides 10 nutrition units.
 Activity 3
A furniture company has Shs 120,000 to invest in
making tables and chairs. It costs Shs 20,000 to make
each table and Shs 12,000 to make each chair. The
company has a storage space of at least 8 items
altogether. Each table yields a profit of Shs 80,000 and
each chair a profit of Shs 45,000.

Find how many tables and chairs should be made so as

to maximize profit and calculate this maximum profit
 Activity 4
A school is preparing a trip for 400 students. The
company who is providing the transportation has
10 buses of 50 seats each and 8 buses of 40
seats, but only has 9 drivers available. The rental
cost for a large bus is UGX 800,000 and for a
small bus UGX 600,000. Calculate how many
buses of each type should be used for the trip for
the least possible cost.
 Activity 5
A company manufactures two products: Product A and Product B. The
company wants to maximize its profit, but there are several constraints
related to the production process. Each product requires different amounts
of raw materials, labor, and machine hours.
● Product A requires:
○ 2 kg of raw material per unit.
○ 3 hours of labor per unit.
○ 1 machine hour per unit.
○ It sells for UGX 50,000 per unit.
● Product B requires:
○ 3 kg of raw material per unit.
○ 4 hours of labor per unit.
○ 2 machine hours per unit.
○ It sells for UGX 70,000 per unit.

● The company has the following resources available:

● Raw materials: 500 kg.
● Labor: 600 hours.
● Machine hours: 300 hours.
● The company aims to maximize its total profit, considering the
constraints on available resources.
Exercise

A school has organized a Geography study tour for 90 students.Two types of vehicles are needed;taxis
and costa buses.The maximum capacity of the taxis is 15 passengers while that of the costa bus is 30
passengers.The number of taxis will be greater than the number of costa buses.The number of taxis will
be less than five.The cost of hiring a taxis is Shs60,000 while that of the costa is Shs 100,000.There is only
Shs 600,000 available.

Write mathematical statements that show the relation between the number of taxis and the number of
costa buses
Ex 2

You have friends who rear cows and goats. During the festive season, they want to sell at most
10 of their cows and at least 8 of their goats. They also want to ensure that the number of
goats they sell are less than twice the number of cows. They also do not want to sell more than
20 animals all together. They wish to maximise sales by selling each goat at Shs200,000/= and
each cow at Shs1.5 millions but they do not know the number of goats and cows to sell to fulfil
their wish.
● Task:
(a) write mathematical statements that show the relation between the cows and goats.