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Object Oriented Programming (OOP) - CS304 Power Point Slides Lecture 02

The document discusses key concepts of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP), focusing on information hiding, encapsulation, and the separation of interface and implementation. It explains how objects store data and behavior, interact through interfaces, and communicate via messages. The advantages of these principles include simplification, reduced complexity, and protection against changes affecting the interface.

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7 views

Object Oriented Programming (OOP) - CS304 Power Point Slides Lecture 02

The document discusses key concepts of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP), focusing on information hiding, encapsulation, and the separation of interface and implementation. It explains how objects store data and behavior, interact through interfaces, and communicate via messages. The advantages of these principles include simplification, reduced complexity, and protection against changes affecting the interface.

Uploaded by

yfyyr9j8
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Object-Oriented Programming

(OOP)
Lecture No. 2
Information Hiding

• Information is stored within the object

• It is hidden from the outside world

• It can only be manipulated by the object itself


Example – Information Hiding

• Ali’s name is stored within his brain

• We can’t access his name directly

• Rather we can ask him to tell his name


Example – Information Hiding

• A phone stores several phone numbers

• We can’t read the numbers directly from the


SIM card

• Rather phone-set reads this information for us


Information Hiding
Advantages

• Simplifies the model by hiding


implementation details

• It is a barrier against change propagation


Encapsulation

• Data and behaviour are tightly coupled inside


an object

• Both the information structure and


implementation details of its operations are
hidden from the outer world
Example – Encapsulation

• Ali stores his personal information and knows


how to translate it to the desired language

• We don’t know
– How the data is stored
– How Ali translates this information
Example – Encapsulation
• A Phone stores phone numbers in digital
format and knows how to convert it into
human-readable characters

• We don’t know
– How the data is stored
– How it is converted to human-readable characters
Encapsulation – Advantages

• Simplicity and clarity

• Low complexity

• Better understanding
Object has an Interface

• An object encapsulates data and behaviour


• So how objects interact with each other?
• Each object provides an interface (operations)
• Other objects communicate through this
interface
Example – Interface of a Car
• Steer Wheels
• Accelerate
• Change Gear
• Apply Brakes
• Turn Lights On/Off
Example – Interface of a Phone
• Input Number
• Place Call
• Disconnect Call
• Add number to address book
• Remove number
• Update number
Implementation
• Provides services offered by the object
interface

• This includes
– Data structures to hold object state
– Functionality that provides required services
Example – Implementation of Gear
Box

• Data Structure
– Mechanical structure of gear box

• Functionality
– Mechanism to change gear
Example – Implementation of
Address Book in a Phone

• Data Structure
– SIM card

• Functionality
– Read/write circuitry
Separation of Interface &
Implementation

• Means change in implementation does not


effect object interface

• This is achieved via principles of information


hiding and encapsulation
Example – Separation of Interface
& Implementation

• A driver can drive a car independent of engine


type (petrol, diesel)

• Because interface does not change with the


implementation
Example – Separation of Interface
& Implementation

• A driver can apply brakes independent of


brakes type (simple, disk)

• Again, reason is the same interface


Advantages of Separation
• Users need not to worry about a change until
the interface is same

• Low Complexity

• Direct access to information structure of an


object can produce errors
Messages

• Objects communicate through messages


• They send messages (stimuli) by invoking
appropriate operations on the target object
• The number and kind of messages that can be
sent to an object depends upon its interface
Examples – Messages

• A Person sends message (stimulus) “stop” to a


Car by applying brakes

• A Person sends message “place call” to a


Phone by pressing appropriate button

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