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Frictional Properties (1)

The document discusses the frictional properties of textile materials, including the definitions of friction, static and dynamic friction, and the factors affecting frictional intensity. It highlights the importance of friction in various stages of textile processing, such as fiber, yarn, and fabric stages, and outlines the effects of excessive friction on textile materials. Additionally, methods for measuring the coefficient of friction and strategies for minimizing frictional intensity are presented.

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kowshiqahmed47
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0 views

Frictional Properties (1)

The document discusses the frictional properties of textile materials, including the definitions of friction, static and dynamic friction, and the factors affecting frictional intensity. It highlights the importance of friction in various stages of textile processing, such as fiber, yarn, and fabric stages, and outlines the effects of excessive friction on textile materials. Additionally, methods for measuring the coefficient of friction and strategies for minimizing frictional intensity are presented.

Uploaded by

kowshiqahmed47
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Md.

Golam Kibria TEX 237: Textile Physics-I


Assistant Professor, BUTEX

FRICTIONAL PROPERTIES
Friction: Friction is the force that opposes the relative motion or tendency towards such motion
of two surfaces in contact. The intensity of friction or frictional force depends on the behavior of
contact surfaces that are rubbing together.

• When two smooth surfaces rub together, there is very little friction.
• When two rough surfaces rub together, there is more friction.
• There is less friction when there is a liquid (e.g. oil) between two surfaces.
• There is more friction if two surfaces are forced against each other.

Frictional Properties: These are the properties shown by the textile materials when frictional
force is developed between fibers, yarns and the fabrics in the various stages of textile
processing.

Types of Friction:

1. Static Friction: It is the friction experienced by a body when at rest.


2. Dynamic Friction: It is the friction experienced by a body when in motion. The
dynamic friction is also called kinetic friction.

Static and Kinetic Friction of Different Fibers


Fiber on Fiber Static Kinetic
µs µk
Rayon on Rayon 0.35 0.26
Nylon on Nylon 0.47 0.40
Wool on Wool with scale 0.13 0.11
Wool on Wool without scale 0.61 0.38

Limiting Force of Friction: The maximum value of frictional force which comes into play
when a body just begins to slide over the surface of the other body is known as limiting force of
friction.

Co-efficient of Friction: It is defined as the ratio of the limiting friction (F) to the normal
reaction (RN) between two bodies. It is generally denoted by µ.
F
Mathematically, µ =
RN

1
Md. Golam Kibria TEX 237: Textile Physics-I
Assistant Professor, BUTEX

Methods of Measuring Co-efficient of Friction:

▪ Static Capstan Method


▪ Dynamic Capstan Method

Importance / Effects of Friction in Textile Processing: Friction affects the textile materials in
various stages of textile processing by the following ways-

Fiber Stage:

➢ Friction influences the behavior of the fiber during drafting.


➢ Friction holds together the fibers in yarn.
➢ The processing performance of fibers depend upon friction.

Yarn Stage:

➢ The twisting of yarn is influenced by friction.


➢ The strength of yarn will fall if friction is too low.
➢ High static friction causes high breakage of yarn in spinning.
➢ Neps form due to high friction.
➢ If the frictional force is too high, yarn strength will be low.

Fabric Stage:

➢ The interlacing of yarn in fabric depends on the frictional properties.


➢ The dimensional stability of fabric will decrease if friction is too low.
➢ Fabric feelings varied for difference between static and kinetic friction.
➢ If the frictional force is high, the handle of fabric will be low.

Factors affecting Frictional Intensity/Force:

• Composition of material: For PVC, higher frictional force. For Glass, Lower frictional
force.
• State of the surface: For roughness of the surface, higher frictional force. For smoothness
of the surface, lower frictional force.
• Pressure between the surfaces: Higher pressure, higher frictional force. Lower pressure,
lower frictional force.
• Temperature: Temperature increases with the increasing friction.
• Load: Load increases the frictional intensity of the material.
• Relative humidity: Higher the relative humidity, higher the frictional intensity.
• Area of contact: More area of contact causes more frictional intensity.
• Speed of sliding: Higher speed of sliding causes higher frictional intensity.

2
Md. Golam Kibria TEX 237: Textile Physics-I
Assistant Professor, BUTEX

Effect of Excessive Friction on Textile Materials:

❖ Yarn breaks due to excessive friction.


❖ Excessive friction generates high temperatures, which may burn out material.
❖ The surface of fabric becomes hairy due to high friction.
❖ Yarn or fabric quality deteriorates.
❖ Friction wears out the machine parts and equipment.
❖ In case of sewing, due to high friction, needle may become red hot which will damage the
needle, yarn or fabric.
❖ Due to high friction, static electricity is developed in textile material. This static
electricity attracts dust, dirt etc. and makes the material dirty.

Minimizing the Frictional Intensity:

By processing with lubricants and sizing materials:


✓ Lubricating materials as emulsion I used before jute spinning.
✓ Sizing is done during weaving preparation.
✓ Waxy materials are used for warp yarn after yarn dyeing.
By chemical treatment:
✓ By using acid or alkali.
✓ Wool scale sharpness will be reduced by chemical treatment.
By Finishing:
✓ Mechanical Finishing-
❖ Ironing and calendaring.
✓ Chemical finishing-
❖ By using resin-reduce surface irregularity and remove creases.
❖ By using softener to soften the fabric.

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