Building Engineering Design Studio 2 - BENG(307)

Sustainable Materials
Dr. Salah Alghamdi - Dr. Hani Hossameldin - Prof. Mohammed Shaawat
Dr. Abdullah Alqahtani - Dr. Waleed Alrushedan - Dr. Musaad Alhawas
Dr. Othman Alshamrani - Dr. Abdul Mujeebu - Dr. Mohammed Alkhater
Dr. Eshaq Alhashmi

20 January, 2025
List Of Contents

Introduction to Glass
sustainable materials Noise Insulation
Walls Thermal Insulation
Flooring Lighting
Ceiling Paint
Doors
Wall
Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC) Blocks
Energy Efficiency: Excellent thermal insulation reduces heating and
cooling costs.
Lightweight and Durable: Easier to handle and long-lasting
performance.
Eco-Friendly Production: Made from recycled materials and uses less
energy during manufacturing.

Key Benefits
Reduces overall energy consumption.
Minimizes environmental impact during construction.
Ideal for modern, sustainable building designs.
Wall
Recycled Wood Panels
Renewable and Sustainable: Made from reclaimed wood, reducing the
demand for virgin materials.
Aesthetic Appeal: Adds a natural, warm look to interiors and exteriors.
Low Waste: Encourages the reuse of materials, cutting down on landfill
contributions.

Key Benefits
Enhances sustainability in design.
Creates a unique and visually appealing finish.
Supports circular economy initiatives.
Introduction
What Are Sustainable Materials?
Materials that are responsibly sourced, eco-friendly, and
minimize environmental impact.
They support long-term ecological balance and are
renewable or recyclable.
Why Are They Important?
Address global challenges like climate change and
resource depletion.
Reduce carbon footprint in construction and product
development.
Enhance energy efficiency and promote healthy living
environments.
Flooring
Stone Plastic Composite Flooring (SPC)
SPC is a new generation of flooring that combines
limestone and stabilizers to create durable flooring, it is
the most durable waterproof vinyl flooring available.
Flooring
Luxury Vinyl Tile (LVT)
LVT floor is a semi-rigid plastic floor of plastic board,
which is a high-quality flexible floor that can be realistic
and highly imitated wood grain and stone floor.
Green Environmental Protection:
The main raw material for producing LVT floor is PVC,
which is a renewable resource that is environmentally
friendly and non-toxic, and there is no need to worry
about environmental protection.
Fireproof and flame retardant: The fire resistance index
of qualified LVT floor can reach B1 level.
Waterproof and moisture-proof
Flooring
Wood Plastic Composite Flooring (WPC)
Also called Composite Decking. It is a wood flooring
material solution made from a unique blend of 60%
recycled hardwood fiber and 40% recycled plastic.
Green Environmental Protection:
The raw materials of WPC are recyclable and do not
contain other harmful chemicals, thus they are
recyclable and environmentally friendly.
Unifloor's composite flooring surface has a fire
resistance rating of B1
The composite decking is more water resistant than
traditional decking
Ceiling

Gypsum Board
There are three main types of gypsum board
that are conventionally used in a residential
ceiling, those being:

1. Standard Gypsum Board (White)

2. Moisture-Resistant Gypsum Board (Green)

3. Fire-Resistant Gypsum Board (Pink)

Ceiling
Moisture-Resistant Gypsum Board
(Green)
Covered In a layer that is resistant to moisture, has good use in kitchens and W.C.
A sustainable choice of a ceiling as it removes the need to use harmful additives to
deal with moisture buildup.

Example: MADA Moisture Resistant

Plasterboard
Light Weight Construction • Easy & Fast Installation • Good Fire Protection • Good
Sound Insulation • Good Thermal Insulation • Environment Friendly • Suitable for
wide range of decorative finishes

Standard Length is 2400mm & 3000mm.

Standard width is 1200 mm.
Most types of board are produced in 9.5,12.5,15.0,16.0 & 18.0mm.
Face color is Green & Back color is Grey.
Ceiling
Fire-Resistant Gypsum Board (Pink)

Contains fiberglass or other fire-resistant materials. Used in areas that require fire
protection, like kitchens and electrical rooms. Has long-term fire resistance yet is
not suitable for humid areas.

Example: MADA Fire Resistant Plasterboard

Light Weight Construction • Easy & Fast Installation • Good Fire Protection • Good
Sound Insulation • Good Thermal Insulation • Environment Friendly • Suitable for
wide range of decorative finishes

Standard Length is 2400mm & 3000mm.

Standard width is 1200 mm.
Most types of board are produced in 9.5,12.5,15.0,16.0 & 18.0mm.
Face color is Pink & Back color is Grey.
Doors
Exterior Doors
Exterior doors serve as the entryway to your home, providing
security and protection from the outside world while also creating
a welcoming first impression. Exodoor by Faham Doors come in a
variety of styles, materials, and finishes

EXODOR Doors are:

Water Proof - Termite Proof - Heat Insulating - UV light
Resistant - Tempered Double Glass - Dust Insulating -
Flame Retardant - Sound Insulating

Why EXODOR is sustainable?

It is 100% Aluminum which is essential for the Middle East.
Its Double-glazed glass provides excellent heat
resistance and sound insulation, making it the ideal
choice for the region.
Doors
Interior Doors
Interior doors play a vital role in defining the style and
functionality of your home's interior spaces. They provide privacy,
reduce noise, and contribute to the overall aesthetic of your living
areas.

Interior Resistance
Faham Doors’ interior finishes are also perfect for
kitchens due to their high temperature & chemical
resistance. Offering a design that integrates glass,
Glass
1- Double Glazing Glass
The first sustainable glass option from Al-Bitar Glass factory we will look at is the
Double glazing which consists of two layers separated by a space that is filled
with air or argon. The layers may be transparent or reflective to reduce heat.
Reduces energy consumption required for cooling and heating.
Improves building efficiency and reduces carbon emissions.

Properties:
Provides highly efficient thermal and acoustic insulation.
Reflective layers reduce heat entry and improve natural lighting.

Uses:
Windows and doors.
Facades of residential buildings that need to reduce energy
consumption.

Specifications:
Thickness: 6 mm to 16 mm per layer.
Space between layers: 6 to 16 mm.
Ranges from 400 to 850 Saudi riyals per square meter.
Glass
2- Smart Glass
Glass that can be controlled electronically using a remote control, allowing
control of privacy and lighting.
Reduces energy consumption for lighting and cooling.
Enhances natural lighting inside buildings.

Properties:
Switches between transparent and opaque as needed.
Provides privacy without the need for curtains or awnings.

Uses:
Villas, offices, and companies.
Commercial buildings and hospitals.

Specifications:
Thickness: Two layers, from 6 mm to 12 mm per layer.
Price: Ranges between 2000 to 2500 Saudi riyals per square meter.
Glass
3- Structural Glass
Strong glass used as part of the building structure and provides a modern
appearance while supporting natural lighting.
Enhances natural lighting, reducing the need for artificial lighting.
Used in green building design to improve energy efficiency.

Properties:
Withstands heavy loads and environmental pressures such as wind
and heat.
Supports transparent and open building designs.

Uses:
Load-bearing glass facades.
Glass ceilings and walls.
Glass stairs and bridges in major projects.

Specifications:
Thickness: 12 mm to 52 mm depending on the application.
Price: Ranges from 1600 to 3500 Saudi riyals per square meter.
Noise Insulation
Objective:
control sound reverberation (echo absorption) and prevent its
transmission between building parts.

Rock wool panels:

Made of basalt rocks with two layers (rock wool and aluminum).
Sound and heat insulating, easy to install, environmentally friendly and
rustproof.

Cork panels:
Made of cork oak bark, used for walls, floors, ceilings and doors.
Effective in sound and heat insulation.

Flexible panels:
Made of natural or synthetic rubber, insulating and flexible.
Absorbs sound and reduces echo effectively.
Noise Insulation
Sawdust:
Breaks sound waves and prevents their penetration.
Used as panels or liquid material in drywall

Polystyrene and polyurethane panels:

Light, low cost, and easy to install.
Insulates sound by absorbing it within air spaces.

Perforated gypsum fiber boards:

Soundproof and elegant looking, used for walls and ceilings.
Easy to install and can be painted in any color.
Thermal Insulation
What Is Thermal Insulation?
Thermal insulation is the use of materials or systems to reduce heat
transfer between the inside and outside of a building, thus maintaining
stable temperatures inside the building in both summer and winter.
Thermal insulation aims to improve energy efficiency, reduce electricity
consumption, and achieve thermal comfort for residents.

Types of thermal insulation (most commonly used in

Saudi Arabia, taking into account the climate)
1. Polystyrene (EPS):
Lightweight and effective in thermal insulation.
Used in roofs and external walls.
2. Polyurethane:
Very high efficiency, used as sprayed foam or solid
panels.
Ideal for roofs and walls in residential and commercial
buildings.
3. Rock wool:
Resistant to fire and high temperatures.
Used in industrial buildings and roofs.
Thermal Insulation
R-value (thermal resistance):
It is a measure of the ability of the material to prevent heat transfer.
The higher the value, the better the material is at insulating.
It expresses the extent to which the material resists the passage of heat,
thus limiting the loss or gain of heat in the building.

U-value (heat transfer coefficient):

It is a measure of how quickly heat is transferred through
the material.
The lower the value, the better the material is at
insulating.
It expresses the amount of heat that passes through the
material, and the lower this amount, the more efficient
the insulation.

How do they help in thermal insulation?

R-value is used to determine the quality of the material used in insulation.
The higher it is, the more efficient it is.
U-value is used to evaluate the system as a whole (such as a wall, roof, or
window). The lower it is, the more effective the system is in reducing heat
loss.
Lighting
1- Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs)

Sustainability Factors:
Energy Efficiency: LEDs convert 80–90% of electrical energy into light,
significantly reducing electricity consumption. This helps lower
greenhouse gas emissions associated with energy production.

Materials:
Diodes: Semiconductor materials (gallium arsenide, gallium phosphide,
or indium gallium nitride).
Encasement: Plastic or epoxy resin.
Heat Sink: Aluminum or other metals for thermal dissipation.
Base: Plastic and metal.

Lifespan (Hours)
25,000 - 50,000
Lighting
2- Solar-Powered Lights

Sustainability Factors:
Renewable Energy Source: Powered by solar panels, these lights use
abundant sunlight in Saudi Arabia, reducing reliance on fossil fuels.
Zero Operational Emissions: No carbon emissions during use, making
them environmentally friendly.

Materials:
Solar Panel: Silicon (monocrystalline or polycrystalline cells).
Battery: Lithium-ion or nickel-metal hydride.
Light Source: LED (semiconductor materials).
Casing: Plastic or metal (aluminum or stainless steel).

Lifespan (Hours)
LED Component: 25,000–50,000 hours. Battery: 2–5 years.
Lighting
3- Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFLs)

Sustainability Factors:
Energy Efficiency: CFLs use ~70% less energy than traditional
incandescent bulbs, lowering electricity consumption.
Longer Lifespan: Lasts 8,000–15,000 hours, reducing waste compared
to incandescent bulbs.

Materials:
Tube: Glass, coated with phosphor powder.
Base: Plastic and metal (for electronic ballast).
Electrodes: Tungsten.
Gas Fill: Mercury vapor and inert gases.

Lifespan (Hours)
8,000 - 15,000
Paint
Jazeera Novel:
Fire-Resistant: Provides enhanced protection against fire,
ensuring safety and durability.
Anti-Microbial Properties: Prevents the growth of harmful
microbes, making it ideal for health-sensitive
environments.
Eco-Friendly Composition: Free from harmful substances
and low in VOCs, ensuring better indoor air quality.

Key Benefits:
Healthier living spaces.
Environmentally responsible formula.
Longevity and superior performance.
Paint
Jazeera Green Gloss
Low VOC Formula: Minimal impact on indoor air quality
with reduced harmful emissions.
High Durability: Resistant to washing and cleaning,
ensuring long-lasting beauty.
Almost Odorless: Enhances comfort during and after
application.

Key Benefits:
Promotes healthier indoor environments.
Easy maintenance with superior washability.
Environmentally friendly choice for modern spaces.
Paint
Jotun Wonderwall Life
Low VOC and Odor: Ensures a safer and more
comfortable environment during and after application.
Highly Washable: Exceptional resistance to stains and
dirt, making it easy to maintain.
Matte Finish: Offers a sophisticated and elegant look
while hiding imperfections.

Key Benefits:
Environmentally friendly and safe for indoor use.
Durable performance with long-lasting color retention.
Ideal for modern, stylish interiors.
 Thank you
Ahmad Siddiqui - Sulaiman Alquwaie - Nawaf Alkordy - Mohammed Alshehri
Ali Alabbad - Ahmad Alqahtani - Mubarak Alshamrani - Mohammed Alkhawfy