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Lect-1C Intro to Java

The document is a lecture on Object Oriented Programming (OOP) covering key concepts such as encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism, along with an introduction to Java programming. It explains how encapsulation wraps data and methods in a class, inheritance allows classes to acquire properties from other classes, and polymorphism enables one name to represent multiple forms. Additionally, it details the anatomy of a Java program, including keywords, classes, and the main method.

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f20220493
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© © All Rights Reserved
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3 views

Lect-1C Intro to Java

The document is a lecture on Object Oriented Programming (OOP) covering key concepts such as encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism, along with an introduction to Java programming. It explains how encapsulation wraps data and methods in a class, inheritance allows classes to acquire properties from other classes, and polymorphism enables one name to represent multiple forms. Additionally, it details the anatomy of a Java program, including keywords, classes, and the main method.

Uploaded by

f20220493
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lecture 1C

CS F213
Object Oriented Programming
08/01/25

BITS, Pilani Goa campus


Prof. Anita Agrawal
2

Encapsulation
A mechanism of wrapping the data (variables) and code
acting on the data (methods) together as a single unit.

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Encapsulation and 3

classes
▪ Class contains: Data
Member/Instance
variables

Code Member methods

o Class encapsulates complexity

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4

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5

Inheritance
o A mechanism in which one class acquires the property of
another class.
o Example, a child inherits the traits of his/her
parents.

o With inheritance, the fields and methods of the existing


class can be reused.

o An inherited class is called a subclass of its parent class


or super class.

o It can be of different types- Single, Multiple, Multilevel,


Hierarchical and Hybrid
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6

Real World example of


inheritance

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Another example of Inheritance:
One class acquires properties of another class

Supports hierarchical classification

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8

Real World Example in a


banking system

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9

Polymorphism
▪ It is a OOP concept where one name can have many
forms.

▪ In a real world example, a person at a same time can


have different characteristic.

▪ Example- Calculate the Area-


• For Circle: Radius r
• For Rectangle: Length L and Width W
• For Sector: Radius r, Angle O.

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Introduction
to Java
Topics:
▪ Anatomy of a Java Program
▪ History of Java
▪ Salient Features of Java
▪ Stages of Execution of Java Program
▪ JVM vs. JRE vs. JDK

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11

Java Program

▪ A Java program is defined as a collection of objects


that communicate with each other to perform specific
tasks.

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12

Anatomy of a Java Program


A. Reserved words / Keywords
B. Classes
C. Package
D. Modifiers
E. Statements
F. Blocks
G. Methods
H. The main method
I. Comments

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13

My first program

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14

Breaking down the program


▪ “class" keyword is used to declare a new class.
▪ “Myfirstjavaprogram" is the identifier
▪ public static void main
▪ public:
» It is an example of an access specifier.
» Allows programmer to control the visibility of class
members
» Members may be accessed from outside the class in which
they are declared.

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15

Breaking down the program


(Contd.)

 main() be declared as public since it will be called


by outside it’s class

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Breaking down the program (Contd.)
▪ static:
» Allows main() to be called without creating an object of the
class.
» It is necessary since main() is called by JVM before any
objects are made.
▪ void:
» Defines the return type, in this case it is void.

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main

» The system locates and runs the main method for a class
when you run a program.

» Other methods get executed when called by the main


method.

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18

▪ String args[ ]

– Declares a variable (object) named args

– It is an array of String class instances

– args[ ] receives any command line arguments during


program execution

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19

System.out.println
▪ println: It is a method

▪ It is used by invoking a statement with a string argument.

▪ The string argument is enclosed within parentheses. In this


case, the argument is "This is my first java program!"

▪ You can call the same println method with a different


argument to print a different message.

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20

Blocks
▪ A pair of braces in a program form a block that groups
components of a program.

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21

Comments
//my first java program
class myfirstjavaprogram
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
System.out.println("this is my first java
program");

}
}
// This is a single line comment
/* These are multiple
line comments */

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22

Lexical constraints
▪ Whitespace – Java is a free-form language (indentation is not
necessary but desirable).
» As long as there is one whitespace character between each token –
Space, tab, and newline.

▪ Identifiers – Used for class, method, and variable names.

▪ Literals – A constant value in Java is called literal

▪ Comments – /* */ and //

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Identifiers
▪ Combination of uppercase and lowercase letters,
and numbers
▪ Underscore_ and $ sign are allowed.
▪ Must begin with an alphabet, underscore or $
▪ Case-sensitive
▪ 3-15 characters
▪ Reserved keywords cannot be used

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