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Getting started with NextCloud on Raspberry Pi (Step-by-step)

This document provides a step-by-step guide on how to install NextCloud on a Raspberry Pi, emphasizing two methods: using NextCloudPi, a pre-configured image, or installing NextCloud on an existing Raspberry Pi OS. It outlines the features of NextCloud, such as file hosting and synchronization, and includes instructions for setting up the system, configuring network settings, and activating NextCloud. The guide also covers prerequisites, installation of necessary software, and database setup for NextCloud functionality.

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torbaapmso
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
31 views

Getting started with NextCloud on Raspberry Pi (Step-by-step)

This document provides a step-by-step guide on how to install NextCloud on a Raspberry Pi, emphasizing two methods: using NextCloudPi, a pre-configured image, or installing NextCloud on an existing Raspberry Pi OS. It outlines the features of NextCloud, such as file hosting and synchronization, and includes instructions for setting up the system, configuring network settings, and activating NextCloud. The guide also covers prerequisites, installation of necessary software, and database setup for NextCloud functionality.

Uploaded by

torbaapmso
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 60

4/12/22, 5:00 PM Getting started with NextCloud on Raspberry Pi (Step-by-step)

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How to install NextCloud on your Raspberry Pi? (2 ways)

If you want to keep your data safe, and not hosted by someone else, NextCloud is a great app to try.
In this post I’ll show you what is NextCloud and how to install it on your Raspberry Pi.

There are two methods to install NextCloud on a Raspberry Pi :


– By installing NextCloudPi, a custom image with everything ready to use.
– Or by Installing the NextCloud files on an existing Raspberry Pi OS.

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After a short introduction about the NextCloud features, I’ll give you the step-by-step installation guide
for both versions.
This way you can follow the one that fit the best your needs.
Finally, I’ll give you a few tips to start with NextCloud.

I will get back to this later, but to store your files, I recommend keeping them on a USB drive rather than
an SD card. Personally, I like a giant USB key because it’s very convenient for the Raspberry Pi (look at
this one on Amazon), but any cheap external hard drive will be better than a SD card (I’m using this one
for my backups).

NextCloud introduction
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What is NextCloud?
x
You probably know Dropbox or Google Drive.
Basically, the goal of NextCloud is to offer the same thing, but keeping the control of data on your
server.
And it’s free!

You may also know OwnCloud, it’s the same thing (it’s even the same developer).
You can install NextCloud on many platforms, including Linux and therefore the Raspberry Pi.

NextCloud features
NextCloud offer many features as soon as you install it:

Main features:
Files hosting
Pictures manager
Contacts
Calendar
Notes
Tasks manager
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News feed reader x


Desktop and mobile clients for automatic synchronization
Some integration is possible (calendar, mail, LDAP …)
Users and rights management
HTTPS and server side encryption

It’s already a good tool, but that’s not all 🙂


You can download and install extensions (or “Apps”) to add new features from the community. x

For example, I’m using the “Passwords” extension to store my passwords safely on my network.
To check the apps available before installing NextCloud, you can check the NextCloud Apps store here.

NextCloud technology
As many of the open-source apps out there, NextCloud code is available on GitHub.
They are using web languages like PHP and JavaScript, so it’s easy to install on any device.

On the official website, you can also find appliances for specific needs : Virtual Machine, Docker image
or Snap package.

For Raspberry Pi, we’ll use the source code and the NextCloudPi image, a custom Raspbian image to
simplify the NextCloud installation.
Docker can also be another solution if you want to try (docker pull NextCloud), I didn’t test it.

NextCloud installation

The easiest way: Install NextCloudPi

What is NextCloudPi?

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NextCloudPi is a custom image of Raspbian Lite, with NextCloud and all the dependencies preinstalled
on it.
So it’s easy to get started with NextCloudPi.

You can check the NextCloudPi website here for more information.
It’s the perfect method of you want to try NextCloud or use a Raspberry Pi mainly for this.

You can always install other things after, as it’s a classic Raspbian Lite distribution.

Download NextCloudPi
The first thing to do is to download the latest version of NextCloudPi for the installation :

Download the Raspberry Pi version of NextCloudPi from the OwnYourBits server


There are two versions available: RPi or RPi_BerryBoot
I’ll show you with the first one
Click on the RPi folder and download the image file on your computer (ex: NextCloudPi_RPi_03-09-
19.tar.bz2)
Extract the image from the archive
It depends on your operating system, but probably something like right-click > Extract here
On Windows, you’ll need WinRAR or 7zip to extract it

Flash NextCloudPi on the SD card

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Now that you have downloaded the image, we can flash it on a new SD card:

If needed, download and install Etcher


Etcher is a free tool to easily flash SD card with any Linux image
Start Etcher, a windows like this one shows up

Click on the first button and browse to the image location


Insert your SD card in your computer and select it in the second item (automatically done by Etcher
generally)
Then click on “Flash!” to start the SD card creation
After a few minutes, your SD card is ready to use

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Insert the SD card in the Raspberry Pi and start it.


After a few seconds, you’ll get the login prompt:

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Use the default Raspbian login and password:

Login: pi
Password: raspberry

Then you have to configure the network :

Ethernet: it’s working directly if you have a DHCP server


Wi-Fi: You need to use raspi-config to configure it
sudo raspi-config

Then go into Network options > Wi-Fi and follow the setup wizard

Finally, I recommend starting the SSH service and use it to finish the installation:

Start the SSH service


sudo service ssh start

Find the Raspberry Pi IP address


ifconfig
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x
Connect via SSH
On Windows, you’ll need to install a software like Putty
On Linux/macOS it’s available directly: ssh pi@IP
Login and password are the same as above

Update the system


From there, I recommend updating the system.
It’s not mandatory if you are doing a quick test of NextCloudPi, but as it’s a custom image, it can be a
x
little outdated.

To do this, use the following commands:


sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade
sudo reboot

You’re now ready to move to the NextCloud configuration.

Configure NextCloud
NextCloudPi web interface

NextCloudPi is available through a web interface that you can use to configure it.
I’ll show you how to enable it, but you can absolutely use the text configuration tool directly if you want.

Run the NextCloudPi configuration tool


sudo ncp-config

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Click on “CONFIG” x

Scroll down to “Enable WebUI” and press enter

Confirm by writing “yes” in the confirmation window

Exit the configuration tool

Apache restarts and the web interface is now available at: https://<RASPBERRY_IP>:4443

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This is just the NextCloudPi configuration page, not the NextCloud page.

Activate NextCloud

Open the https://IP:4443 URL in your browser


You’ll probably get an HTTPS certificate error, ignore it for now
You can always install a Let’s Encrypt certificate later if you want
A login form shows up
Enter the default credentials:
Login: ncp
Password: ownyourbits

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You’ll now see the activation page, it looks like this: x

Both usernames are “ncp” but you need to note the two passwords for the following steps
The first one is the NextCloudPi password, to configure NextCloudPi
The second one is the NextCloud password, to access NextCloud
Then click on “Activate”
The NextCloud activation starts
In my first test it took 15min, and the second one it was instant
So wait if needed, but I probably had an issue in my first install
Finally, you get the success message, NextCloud is ready to use

NextCloud first login

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If I remember correctly, you are redirected to the ncp config page x


But you don’t need it for now.
You can access NextCloud directly at https://<RASPBERRY_IP>

NextCloud login form

Enter the login (ncp) and the second password you noted in the previous steps.
Then click Log in.

The main NextCloud page shows up in your browser:

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NextCloud default home page

Congrats! NextCloud is ready to use


I’ll come back to the NextCloud usage in the last part of this guide

Update NextCloudPi
One last thing you can do before starting to use NextCloud is to update NextCloudPi.
On the login screen we had a warning saying that NextCloudPi is outdated.
Now that NextCloud is configured, you can do this update (I was unable to do it before that).

The update is easy, just run:


sudo ncp-update

If you’re happy with this installation method you can skip the following part and read the last one about
the NextCloud usage.

Alternative: install NextCloud on Raspberry Pi OS

Why install it on Raspbian?


This second method is perfect if you want to add NextCloud to your current Raspberry Pi installation,
without losing anything you already have
With this way, you can also keep the control about everything (for example Apache and PHP versions,
Raspbian version, NextCloud version).

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Also, if you already have Raspbian and Apache/PHP, you can quickly test NextCloud by extracting files x
in your /var/www folder, and remove it immediately if NextCloud is not for you.

Install Raspberry Pi OS
If you don’t have Raspbian yet, you need to start here.
Follow this Raspbian installation guide if you need help in doing this.

But basically you need to:


x
Download Raspbian (Lite is fine)
Flash the SD card with Etcher
Insert the SD card in the Raspberry Pi and start it
Do the network configuration
Update the system
Enable SSH

Then you’re ready to move to the next step.

NextCloud prerequisites
Before installing NextCloud, there are a few prerequisites to have on your system.
NextCloud needs a web server with Apache, MySQL (MariaDB) and PHP
And it also needs a few PHP modules.

Use the following commands to install everything


sudo apt install apache2 mariadb-server libapache2-mod-php
sudo apt install php-gd php-json php-mysql php-curl php-mbstring php-intl php-imagick
php-xml php-zip

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Wait a few minutes for the installation to finish, and you’re now ready to install NextCloud.
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Notice: At the time I write these lines, the latest version of NextCloud needs PHP 7.1, and Raspbian only x
have PHP 7.0 available in the repository.
I made the choice to take an older version of NextCloud, compatible with PHP 7.0.
But you can also try to install PHP 7.1 from sources if you absolutely want the latest version

NextCloud installation
Download NextCloud
x
You now need to download and extract the NextCloud archive:

Go to the Apache web folder


cd /var/www/html

Get the NextCloud link here


Remember to check the PHP requirements to make sure your current installation is compatible with
the version you take
In my case, I downloaded the 15.0.8 version
sudo wget https://download.nextcloud.com/server/releases/nextcloud-15.0.8.zip

Extract the file with unzip


sudo unzip nextcloud-15.0.8.zip

I’m showing you with the zip file as it’s easier to extract, but you can also get the .tar.bz2 archive from
the NextCloud website
As we use root to extract files, we need to change the folder permissions to allow Apache to access
it:
sudo chmod 750 nextcloud -R
sudo chown www-data:www-data nextcloud -R

NextCloud is almost ready to use, but we firstly need to create a MySQL database to store its data.

MySQL configuration

After the MariaDB server installation, it creates a root user you can use only from the command line.
For NextCloud, I recommend creating a new user and a dedicated database:

Connect to MySQL with root


sudo mysql

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Create the new user x


CREATE USER 'nextcloud' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';

Replace “password” by a strong password


Create the new database
CREATE DATABASE nextcloud;

Give all permissions to the new user on this database


GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON nextcloud.* TO 'nextcloud'@localhost IDENTIFIED BY ‘password’;
x

Same thing here, just replace “password”with the previous password


Save and exit
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
quit

The database is ready for the end of the NextCloud installation.

NextCloud configuration
You can now access the NextCloud configuration page and finish the setup:

Open the following URL in your browser: https://IP/nextcloud


Replace the “IP” with the Raspberry Pi IP address
A form like this shows up (first part):

Choose a username and password for NextCloud


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The second part looks like this: x

Enter the credentials we just created in MySQL


– User: nextcloud
– Password: “password” (your password)
– Database: nextcloud
– Host: localhost
Then click “Finish setup” and wait a few minutes

You’ll directly get to the NextCloud home page.


It looks like the one with NextCloudPi, but there are fewer apps enabled by default.

In the main menu you only get these icons:

All the other apps can be enabled from the NextCloud app store (Calendar, Contacts, …).

NextCloud usage

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In this part, I’ll give you a little more details about the NextCloud interface. x
So you can start quickly to use it, and discover everything in a few minutes.

Web interface

The main interface is intuitive, and you’ll probably find what you are looking for without more
explanations.

As I already said, NextCloud use apps to provide features, like on your phone.
In the top bar, you’ll find the main menu, to switch to another App.
Each app has a custom design, with or without left menu to access more subsections.

In the following sections I will introduce the three main submenus of the administration panel.
To access it, click on the icon at the extreme right in the top bar (your avatar, probably the first letter of
the username for now).
In the menu, you’ll get mainly 3 options:

Settings: to configure everything on NextCloud, from your personal profile to the server
configuration
Apps: to see which apps are already installed, remove some or install new features
Users: NextCloud can manage multiple users to have a personal storage for all the family members
or employees

I’ll introduce each of this three parts now.

Settings
In the “Settings” submenu, you can configure many things, with two categories:

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Personal configuration: profile, security (two-factor authentication for example), themes, … x


Administration: with an administrator account, you can also configure things for all users like email
server for notifications, encryption, appearance (company logo for example), etc …

For each sub category, you get an intuitive interface with often a short explanation about the page, so I
don’t think you’ll need more from me.
If you have any question about the configuration, you can check the NextCloud administrator manual, or
ask your question in the comments.
x

Apps
The second menu is more interesting, with the apps catalog.
In the “Your apps” section, you can check in a few clicks which apps you are using and which ones are
installed but disabled.

Then, the next entries are here to find and install new apps, with one submenu by category:
Customization, Files, Games, Integration, …

For each app, you can check directly if it’s an official app, and install it easily by clicking on “Download
and enable”.
Generally, the new app will appear directly in the top bar of NextCloud.

Users
Finally, you can also manage users and groups on NextCloud.
In the “Users” menu, you can create as many users and groups that you need, and flag it as
administrator or not.
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Groups are useful in some apps. x


For example, you can create a group “IT” and share a folder to anyone in the group from the “Files” app.

It’s also possible to import users from an LDAP or other sources like Linux users.
You’ll need to install the corresponding app to use these features.

Desktop apps

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The web interface is not the only way to use NextCloud.

From the official website, you can download NextCloud for desktop.
It’s available for Windows, macOS and Linux.

The goal of this desktop app is to synchronize your files between your computer and the NextCloud
server (like with Dropbox for example).

During the installation, enter the server address (something like http://IP/nextcloud, or http://IP for
NextcloudPi).
Then log into your account and grant access to the app.
The last step is to configure how the app handles synchronization:

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The first sync will start, and you’ll keep a NextCloud companion in the system tray to check the
synchronization status.
As soon as you add a new file in your folder, NextCloud synchronize files instantly.

Android and iOS apps


The same thing is available on your phone (Android and iOS).
It also provides a mobile friendly interface to use NextCloud.
Here is the demo video provided by NextCloud for Android:

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Remote access
As it’s supposed to be a cloud server, you’ll probably want to forward a port on your Internet router to x
access the NextCloud server.

It’s possible with your domain name or a service like NoIP if you have a dynamic IP address (detailed
tutorial here).
In this case, I highly recommend installing an SSL certificate (Let’s Encrypt) and maybe use a two-factor
authentication app to block brute force attacks.

You’ll find the documentation about SSL and Apache configuration to do this in the Installation on Linux
manual.

Additional storage

The main interest in NextCloud is to have an unlimited storage space, as you are the host.
But on Raspberry Pi you’re limited by the SD card size.
Even if you can easily get more space than with free providers, it’s often not enough to compete with
their premium offers.

If you want to store large files, it’s possible to add an external storage to your Raspberry Pi, a USB disk (I
love the mini USB keys like this one on Amazon to do this) for example or even a remote storage

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(Dropbox, Google Drive, Amazon, other local server). x


You’ll find all the documentation here to configure this on your server.

Backups
As for any storage idea on Raspberry Pi, remember that the Raspberry Pi SD card is not the safest
storage method.
If your SD card crash, you can lose everything on NextCloud.
So remember to make regular backups to another storage (another Pi, a NAS, a USB disk, …). x

Files are located in the NextCloud folder, data subfolder.


For example, for the admin user, they are probably in /var/www/html/nextcloud/data/admin/files/

So, make a backup of /var/www/html/nextcloud/data and you’ll be fine.


You can also make an entire backup of the NextCloud folder and the database, to have a chance to
reinstall it the same way as it is now.
Check this tutorial for more information on how to backup a Raspberry Pi efficiently.

Support me: Join the community on Patreon to show your support, get behind-the-scenes content and
other awesome perks!

You may also like:


Top Raspberry Pi HATs to easily add new features
Can a Raspberry Pi 4 really Replace your Desktop PC?
My book: Master your Raspberry Pi in 30 days

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Conclusion
That’s it, I think we have seen a good overview of what NextCloud can do on your Raspberry Pi, and how
to install it by two different methods.

I’m pretty impressed by the server performance.


I have bad memories of NextCloud on a physical server, with slow access and high load average.
But for now, it seems to work absolutely fine on Raspberry Pi, no load and no lag, great news!.

I’ll probably try to keep it installed on one of my Raspberry Pi and see with a more intense usage how it
works.

This tutorial doesn't work anymore? Report the issue here, so that I can update it!

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Patrick Fromaget
I'm the lead author and owner of RaspberryTips.com. My goal is to help you with your Raspberry Pi
problems using detailed guides and tutorials. In real life, I'm a Linux system administrator with a web
developer experience.

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17 COMMENTS   Oldest 

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x
Jochem
 2 years ago

In the installation of Nextcloud on Raspbian, please include the following step before
installing apache2 and the php libraries.
sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade
Or else mysql wont work x
0 Reply

Patrick Fromaget Author


 Reply to Jochem  2 years ago

Hi Jochem,
Thanks for your feedback
I wrote it at the beginning, so I think it’s ok, no?
0 Reply

Kat
 2 years ago

Hi Patrick,
When I get to this step:
Give all permissions to the new user on this database
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON nextcloud.* TO ‘nextcloud’@localhost IDENTIFIED BY ‘XXX’;
Same thing here, just replace XXX with the previous password
I get an error saying “you have an error in your syntax – check your version of MariaDB’s
manuals.” I’ve copy-pasted the command exactly except to change the XXX to the password
I chose. I did not remove the single quote marks. Unfortunately I’m not familiar with MariaDB
and although I did consult their manuals, I haven’t yet figured it out. I also tried IDENTIFIED
BY PASSWORD and that didn’t work either.
0 Reply

Gregb
 Reply to Kat  1 year ago

It is the semicolon at the end of the line that is causing the issue. Just remove ;
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0 Reply x

Patrick Fromaget
Author  2 years ago

Hello Kat,
Could you try with `instead of ‘ ?
0 Reply x

Thagaste
 2 years ago

Hi, everything worked out for me until I tried to boot from the [512 GB] SD card (OK:
download NextCloudPi for SD, OK checksum, OK flashing to SD card with etcher) – all on
Ubuntu Linux 18.04 LTS.
The boot process ends after a second with a “kernel panic”. Journal cannot be found and
VFS cannot be installed.
I have a Raspberry Pi 2. I only found one discussion on this issue with someone who
encountered the same problem: he succeeded by booting without screen and then
connecting via ssh. But he never really figured out what the problem was.
Any ideas what to do? Thanks in advance!
0 Reply

adrian
 2 years ago

I have teh same problem like Kat.


With ` it also not works.
0 Reply

Luis
 Reply to adrian  2 years ago

I had the same problem and solved it by setting a root password to mysql root, exit
mysql and then log in with the mysql -u root -p, when prompter enter the password,
drop the user created in the first step and type the statement instead of copy and
paste it into mysql. It worked fine for me after that.

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0 Reply x

Joshua
 2 years ago

If I’d like to install the latest NC on my Rpi 4, how do I download the latest PHP and its
modules?
0 Reply
x
Luis
 Reply to Joshua  2 years ago

sudo apt install php7.3-gd php7.3-json php7.3-mysql php7.3-curl php7.3-mbstring


php7.3-intl php-imagick php7.3-xml php7.3-zip
Note that the imagick package is php and not php7.3 all the others just add a 7.3
after php.
0 Reply

Ken Hansen
 1 year ago

The issue with the following line:


Give all permissions to the new user on this database
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON nextcloud.* TO ‘nextcloud’@localhost IDENTIFIED BY ‘XXX’;
Is if you “cut and paste” the line to enter, that code example on the webpage has “smart
quotes” not single quotes.
Also, your instructions don’t seem to ever start the Apache web server. After configuring the
database, I got a screen full of error messages talking about missing db elements, packages,
etc. I corrected the issue by restarting the raspberry pi, but all I really needed to do is restart
the webserver to pickup the db bits.
Right now I’m waiting for the applications to install…
0 Reply

Joe
 1 year ago

https://raspberrytips.com/install-nextcloud-raspberry-pi/ 28/60
4/12/22, 5:00 PM Getting started with NextCloud on Raspberry Pi (Step-by-step)

x
In “The custom method: install it on Raspbian” add tutorial how to enable HTTPS in
Apache2.
0 Reply

shadowaero
 1 year ago

I have 2 main issues. x


1st issue, I enabled web gui at ncp-config. When i reboot it just goes to command prompt
but shows NextcloudPi v1.26.2 is up to date. How do i bring up gui locally on pi.
2nd issue. When i try to access through browser https://192.168.2.130, i login with default
ncp username and password. It attempts to login then shows this error:
Internal Server Error
The server encountered an internal error or misconfiguration and was unable to complete
your request.
Please contact the server administrator at [no address given] to inform them of the time this
error occurred, and the actions you performed just before this error.
More information about this error may be available in the server error log.
I have apt-update and apt-upgrade and ncp-update successfully
0 Reply

chris
 1 year ago

I also have trouble with Chrome


Your connection is not private
Attackers might be trying to steal your information from 192.168.2.130 (for example,
passwords, messages, or credit cards). Learn more
NET::ERR_CERT_INVALID
Help improve Chrome security by sending URLs of some pages you visit, limited system
information, and some page content to Google. Privacy policy
192.168.2.130 normally uses encryption to protect your information. When Google Chrome
tried to connect to 192.168.2.130 this time, the website sent back unusual and incorrect
credentials. This may happen when an attacker is trying to pretend to be 192.168.2.130, or a
Wi-Fi sign-in screen has interrupted the connection. Your information is still secure because
Google Chrome stopped the connection before any data was exchanged.
You cannot visit 192.168.2.130 right now because the website sent scrambled credentials
that Google Chrome cannot process. Network errors and attacks are usually temporary, so
https://raspberrytips.com/install-nextcloud-raspberry-pi/ 29/60
4/12/22, 5:00 PM Getting started with NextCloud on Raspberry Pi (Step-by-step)

this page will probably work later. x

0 Reply

micsinger
 1 year ago

Thank you very much for this detailed and nice explanation! But how do I get the Nextcloud
Documents and Media-Files to the external HDD or USB-Drive? Is there a special Boot/
Partition configuration needed as explained in this article? x
https://docs.nextcloudpi.com/en/how-to-install-nextcloudpi/
Should we set and mount the linux home folder to a separate drive (other than sd card)?
Or is the place of the installation independent from the Nextcloud Home Folder?
These are probably very stupid questions…
By the way…-Which file system do you recommend for a hard drive?
Thanks a lot!
0 Reply

Alan
 Reply to micsinger  1 year ago

I’ve pihole & pivpn on my current setup, will nextcloud cause any conflict to the
system? Thanks.
0 Reply

Patrick Fromaget Author


 Reply to Alan  1 year ago

I haven’t tested but Pi-Hole and Nextcloud are using the default HTTP port,
so it might be an issue.
The only way to know is to test 🙂
Maybe you can use a different port or folder for one of them if it doesn’t
work.
0 Reply

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