MAIL CLONE USING DJANGO

Major project report submitted

in partial fulfillment of the requirement for award of the degree of

Bachelor of Technology
in
Computer Science & Engineering

By

K. VINAY (19UECS0424) (VTU 15795)

Under the guidance of

Mr. P. RAJESH M.E.,(Ph.D)
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING

SCHOOL OF COMPUTING

VEL TECH RANGARAJAN DR. SAGUNTHALA R&D INSTITUTE OF

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(Deemed to be University Estd u/s 3 of UGC Act, 1956)
Accredited by NAAC with A++ Grade
CHENNAI 600 062, TAMILNADU, INDIA

April, 2023
 MAIL CLONE USING DJANGO

Major project report submitted

in partial fulfillment of the requirement for award of the degree of

Bachelor of Technology
in
Computer Science & Engineering

By

K. VINAY (19UECS0424) (VTU 15795)

Under the guidance of

Mr. P. RAJESH M.E.,(Ph.D)
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING

SCHOOL OF COMPUTING

VEL TECH RANGARAJAN DR. SAGUNTHALA R&D INSTITUTE OF

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(Deemed to be University Estd u/s 3 of UGC Act, 1956)
Accredited by NAAC with A++ Grade
CHENNAI 600 062, TAMILNADU, INDIA

April, 2023
 CERTIFICATE
It is certified that the work contained in the project report titled “MAIL CLONE USING DJANGO”
by K. VINAY (19UECS0424) has been carried out under my supervision and that this work has not
been submitted elsewhere for a degree.

Signature of Supervisor
Mr. P. Rajesh
Assistant Professor
Computer Science & Engineering
School of Computing
Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr.Sagunthala R&D
Institute of Science & Technology
April, 2023

Signature of Head of the Department Signature of the Dean

Dr. M. S. Murali Dhar Dr. V. Srinivasa Rao
Associate Professor & HOD Professor & Dean
Computer Science & Engineering Computer Science & Engineering
School of Computing School of Computing
Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&D Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&D
Institute of Science & Technology Institute of Science & Technology
April, 2023 April, 2023

i
 DECLARATION

I declare that this written submission represents my ideas in my own words and where other’s ideas or
words have been included, we have adequately cited and referenced the original sources. I also declare
that I have adhered to all principles of academic honesty and integrity and have not misrepresented or
fabricated or falsified any idea in our submission. I understand that any violation of the above will be
cause for disciplinary action by the Institute and can also evoke penal action from the sources which
have thus not been properly cited or from whom proper permission has not been taken when needed.

K. VINAY
Date: / /

ii
 APPROVAL SHEET

This project report entitled “MAIL CLONE USING DJANGO” by K.VINAY (19UECS0424) is ap-
proved for the degree of B.Tech in Computer Science & Engineering.

Examiners Supervisor

P. RAJESH

Date: / /
Place:

iii
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We express our deepest gratitude to our respected Founder Chancellor and President Col. Prof.
Dr. R. RANGARAJAN B.E. (EEE), B.E. (MECH), M.S (AUTO),D.Sc., Foundress President Dr.
R. SAGUNTHALA RANGARAJAN M.B.B.S. Chairperson Managing Trustee and Vice President.

We are very much grateful to our beloved Vice Chancellor Prof. S. SALIVAHANAN, for provid-
ing us with an environment to complete our project successfully.

We record indebtedness to our Professor & Dean, Department of Computer Science & Engi-
neering, School of Computing, Dr. V. SRINIVASA RAO, M.Tech., Ph.D., for immense care and
encouragement towards us throughout the course of this project.

We are thankful to our Head, Department of Computer Science & Engineering,

Dr.M.S. MURALI DHAR, M.E., Ph.D., for providing immense support in all our endeavors.

We also take this opportunity to express a deep sense of gratitude to our Internal Supervisor Mr.
P.RAJESH, M.E.,(Ph.D) for his cordial support, valuable information and guidance, he helped us in
completing this project through various stages.

A special thanks to our Project Coordinators Mr. V. ASHOK KUMAR, M.Tech.,

Ms. C. SHYAMALA KUMARI, M.E., for their valuable guidance and support throughout the
course of the project.

We thank our department faculty, supporting staff and friends for their help and guidance to com-
plete this project.

K.VINAY (19UECS0424)

iv
 ABSTRACT

The Mail clone project using Django framework is a web application that mimics
the basic functionalities of an email service. It allows users to create accounts, send
and receive emails, and manage their inbox. The application is built using Django’s
Model-View-Controller architecture, making it easy to maintain and extend. Users
can compose messages with a rich text editor, attach files, and preview their mes-
sages before sending them. The inbox is organized by threads, making it easy to
keep track of conversations. The project also includes authentication and authoriza-
tion features to ensure the security of user accounts and data. The Mail clone project
is a great starting point for building more complex email applications or integrating
email functionality into existing projects.
The app consists of two main models: User, Email. The User model handles user
registration, login, and authentication, while the Email model stores email metadata
such as sender, recipient, subject, and message body. The Contact model stores a
user’s contact list.The app’s views are responsible for handling user requests and
rendering the appropriate templates. The main views include the home page, login
page, registration page, and email composition and viewing pages. The app’s URLs
are organized using the Django URLconf system, which maps URLs to their corre-
sponding views. The app’s URLs include the home page, login page, registration
page, email composition and viewing pages, and API endpoints for creating, updat-
ing, and deleting emails and contacts.

Keywords: Authentication, Bootstrap, E-Mail, Models, Router, URLconf sys-

tem, Views, Web-based email system.

v
 LIST OF FIGURES

4.1 Django General Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

4.2 Data Flow Diagram of Django . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
4.3 Use Case Diagram of Django . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
4.4 Class Diagram of Django . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
4.5 Sequence Diagram of Django . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
4.6 Collaboration Diagram of Django . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
4.7 Activity Diagram of Django . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

5.1 Login Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

5.2 Inbox Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
5.3 Unit Testing of Inbox page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
5.4 Integration Testing 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
5.5 Integration Testing 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
5.6 System Testing 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
5.7 System Testing 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
5.8 System Testing 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
5.9 Test Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

6.1 Views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
6.2 Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
6.3 Inbox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

8.1 Offer letter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

8.2 Project Commencement Form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

9.1 Plagiarism report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

10.1 Poster presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

vi
 LIST OF ACRONYMS AND
ABBREVIATIONS

API Application Programe Interface

CSRF Cross-Site Request Forgery
CSS Cascading Style Sheets
CRUD Create, Read, Update, Delete
IMAP Internet Message Access Protocol
MVC Model View Controller
ORM Object Relational Mapping
SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
URL Uniform Resource Locator

vii
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page.No

ABSTRACT v

LIST OF FIGURES vi

LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS vii

1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 Aim of the project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.3 Project Domain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.4 Scope of the Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

2 LITERATURE REVIEW 3

3 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 6
3.1 Existing System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3.2 Proposed System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3.3 Feasibility Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3.3.1 Economic Feasibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3.3.2 Technical Feasibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
3.3.3 Social Feasibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
3.4 System Specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
3.4.1 Hardware Specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
3.4.2 Software Specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
3.4.3 Standards and Policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

4 METHODOLOGY 10
4.1 General Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
4.2 Design Phase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
4.2.1 Data Flow Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
4.2.2 Use Case Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
4.2.3 Class Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
 4.2.4 Sequence Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
4.2.5 Collaboration diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
4.2.6 Activity Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
4.3 Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
4.3.1 Algorithm - DJANGO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
4.4 Module Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
4.4.1 User Management Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
4.4.2 Email Management Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
4.5 Steps to execute/run/implement the project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
4.5.1 Step 1 - Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
4.5.2 Step 2 - Folder Creation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
4.5.3 Step 3 - Terminal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
4.5.4 Step 4 - Virtual Env . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
4.5.5 Step 5 - Activation of Venv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
4.5.6 Step 6 - Required packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
4.5.7 Step 7 - DB creation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
4.5.8 Step 8 - Admin creation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
4.5.9 Step 9 - Server Running . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
4.5.10 Step 10 - Accessing application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

5 IMPLEMENTATION AND TESTING 21

5.1 Input and Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
5.1.1 Input Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
5.1.2 Output Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
5.2 Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
5.3 Types of Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
5.3.1 Unit testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
5.3.2 Integration testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
5.3.3 System testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
5.3.4 Test Result . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

6 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 29

6.1 Efficiency of the Proposed System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
6.2 Comparison of Existing and Proposed System . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
6.3 Sample Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
6.4 Sample output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
7 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE ENHANCEMENTS 34
7.1 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
7.2 Future Enhancements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

8 INDUSTRY DETAILS 36
8.0.1 Industry name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
8.0.2 Duration of Internship . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
8.0.3 Duration of Internship in months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
8.0.4 Industry Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
8.1 Internship offer letter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
8.2 Project Commencement Form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

9 PLAGIARISM REPORT 39

10 SOURCE CODE & POSTER PRESENTATION 40

10.1 Source Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
10.2 Poster Presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

References 43
 Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction

The Mail clone project using Django framework is a web application that aims
to provide a simple and scalable email service. Built using Django’s Model-View-
Template architecture, the project provides a solid foundation for future enhance-
ments and customizations. The application features a rich text editor for email com-
position, file attachment, and preview options before sending. It also organizes the
inbox by threads, making it easy to track conversations. The project includes authen-
tication and authorization features to ensure the security of user accounts and data.
The app consists of two main models: User, Email. The User model handles user
registration, login, and authentication, while the Email model stores email metadata
such as sender, recipient, subject, and message body. The Contact model stores a
user’s contact list.
The app’s views are responsible for handling user requests and rendering the appro-
priate templates. The main views include the home page, login page, registration
page, and email composition and viewing pages. The app’s URLs are organized us-
ing the Django URLconf system, which maps URLs to their corresponding views.
The app’s URLs include the home page, login page, registration page, email com-
position and viewing pages, and API endpoints for creating, updating, and deleting
emails and contacts. With its modular design and flexibility, the Mail clone project
can serve as a starting point for building more complex email applications or inte-
grating email functionality into existing projects. The application features a rich text
editor for email composition, file attachment, and preview options before sending.
It also organizes the inbox by threads, making it easy to track conversations. The
project includes authentication and authorization features to ensure the security of
user accounts and data.

1
1.2 Aim of the project

The aim of the Mail clone using Django project is to create a simple and scalable
email application. It allows users to send and receive emails, manage their inbox,
and provides basic security features. The project is built using Django’s Model-
View-Template architecture, making it easy to maintain and extend.The application
features a rich text editor for email composition, file attachment, and preview options
before sending. It also organizes the inbox by threads, making it easy to track con-
versations. The project includes authentication and authorization features to ensure
the security of user accounts and data. The another main thing of the project is the
customization of the databse instantly and adding the migrations accordingly to the
databse by running the commands.

1.3 Project Domain

Web-based applications, also known as web apps, are software programs that run
on web servers and are accessed through a web browser. These applications have
become increasingly popular in recent years due to the widespread availability of the
internet and the growth of cloud computing. Web apps can be accessed through any
device with an internet connection and a web browser, regardless of the operating
system or device type.Web apps can scale to accommodate an increasing number of
users without the need for additional hardware or software. Related data is typically
stored in a database, with each piece of data represented as a table and related data
represented as table columns or foreign keys. Web-based applications use various
techniques to retrieve, display, and manipulate related data, such as SQL joins, ORM
(Object-Relational Mapping) frameworks, and data caching.

1.4 Scope of the Project

The scope of the Mail clone using Django project is to provide a basic email
service that can be customized and enhanced according to specific requirements. It
includes features such as account creation, email composition, inbox management,
and basic security measures. The project can be used as a starting point for build-
ing more complex email applications or integrating email functionality into existing
projects.

2
 Chapter 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

David Fischer et al., [1], ”Building a Web-Based Email Client with Django”. This
paper provides a step-by-step tutorial on building a web-based email client using the
Django framework. The author covers topics such as user authentication, email com-
position, and email retrieval. The tutorial is aimed at web developers who are familiar
with Python and Django, but are new to building web-based email systems.This pa-
per provides a step-by-step tutorial on building a multi-user web-based email system
using Django. The authors cover topics such as user authentication, email retrieval
and storage, and email composition. The tutorial is aimed at web developers who
want to build a scalable email system that can handle multiple users.

Avinash Jha et al., [2], ”Design and Implementation of a Web-Based Email System”.
This paper presents a detailed design and implementation of a web-based email sys-
tem using Django. The authors discuss the system architecture, user interface design,
and email management features. They also describe the implementation of several
key components, such as email retrieval and storage, user authentication, and spam
filtering.The author describes the design and development of the system, which in-
cludes features such as email retrieval, composing and sending emails, and managing
email folders. The paper also discusses the benefits of using AJAX for improving
the user experience.

Jianyu Zhou et al., [3], ”A Comparative Study of Web-Based Email Clients”. This
paper compares the features and performance of several popular web-based email
clients, including Gmail, Yahoo Mail, and Hotmail. The authors analyze factors
such as email storage, attachment handling, and spam filtering. The study is based
on a survey of over 1,000 email users. They also describe the features of the email
client, including composing and sending emails, managing email folders, and han-
dling attachments.The authors describe the system architecture, which includes a
web server, a database server, and a mail server.

3
S. B. Balaji et al., [4], ”An Analysis of Security Issues in Web-Based Email Sys-
tems”. This paper examines the security issues associated with web-based email
systems. The author discusses topics such as email spoofing, phishing attacks, and
email encryption. The paper also presents a comprehensive review of the existing
research on email security.This paper discusses the design and implementation of
a secure web-based email system using Django. The authors describe the system
architecture, which includes features such as user authentication, email encryption,
and spam filtering.

Nikhil Gupta et al., [5], ”Web-Based Email Systems: An Empirical Study of User
Satisfaction”. This paper presents an empirical study of user satisfaction with web-
based email systems. The authors survey users of several popular email clients to
determine their level of satisfaction with features such as email composition, spam
filtering, and attachment handling. The paper also discusses the factors that con-
tribute to user satisfaction with web-based email systems.The authors cover topics
such as user authentication, email retrieval and storage, and email composition. The
tutorial is aimed at web developers who want to build a scalable email system that
can handle multiple users.

Alexey Maksimov et al., [6], ”Design and Implementation of Mail Clone Applica-
tions using Django and its Extensions”. This paper investigates various email filter-
ing techniques for web-based email systems. The authors analyze the effectiveness
of techniques such as Bayesian filtering, rule-based filtering, and content-based fil-
tering. The paper presents a comprehensive review of the existing research on email
filtering and discusses the challenges of implementing effective email filtering sys-
tems.They also discuss the features of the email client, including composing and
sending emails with attachments, managing email folders.

Smith et al., [7] , ”Integration of Machine Learning Techniques in Django-based

Mail Clone Applications for Sentiment Analysis”. This paper explored the use of
Django for building a web-based email system for a small business. The authors
found that Django’s built-in authentication system and SMTP email backend made
it easy to implement user authentication and email sending functionality. They also

4
noted that Django’s template system and URL routing capabilities made it easy to
create a user-friendly interface.

Johnson.T et al., [8], ”Comparative Analysis of Mail Clones Developed using Dif-
ferent Web Frameworks”: This literature review paper would analyze and compare
different web frameworks that can be used to develop mail clones. The paper would
evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of each framework and provide a comparison
of their features, performance, and security.

Patel.S et al., [9], ”Security Assessment of Django-based Mail Clone Applications”.

This literature review paper would focus on the security aspects of mail clones de-
veloped using Django. The paper would review existing literature on common se-
curity threats to web applications and discuss how to implement security features in
Django-based mail clones to mitigate these threats.

Lee et al., [10], ”User Experience Analysis of Django-based Mail Clone Applica-
tions”. This literature review paper would examine the user experience of mail clones
developed using Django. The paper would review existing literature on user interface
design principles and best practices for web applications and discuss how to apply
these principles to Django-based mail clones to improve their usability and user sat-
isfaction.

5
 Chapter 3

PROJECT DESCRIPTION

3.1 Existing System

The existing system of email is a globally used communication platform that

allows users to exchange messages with one another using the internet. It consists of
several components, including mail servers, email clients, and protocols.When a user
sends an email, the email client (such as Gmail or Outlook) sends the message to a
mail server using a protocol such as SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol). The
mail server then routes the message to the recipient’s mail server using protocols
such as POP (Post Office Protocol) or IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol).
The recipient can then retrieve the message from their mail server using their email
client.Email systems also include features such as email filtering, spam detection,
and email storage. Email filtering allows users to sort their emails based on certain
criteria, such as sender or subject. Spam detection helps to identify and filter out
unsolicited emails, while email storage allows users to save and organize their emails
for future reference.In addition to these basic features, modern email systems often
include advanced features such as file attachments, inline images, and formatting
options. Many email systems also support integration with other tools and services,
such as calendars and to-do lists.Overall, the existing system of email has evolved
over several decades to become a ubiquitous and essential communication platform
for individuals and organizations worldwide.

3.2 Proposed System

The proposed system of the mail clone using the Django project is a web-based
application that aims to replicate the basic functionalities of an email system while
also providing additional features and customization options. The system allows
users to register and create their accounts, which they can use to send and receive
emails. The user interface is designed to be intuitive and user-friendly, with options

6
to compose new emails, reply to or forward existing emails, and organize emails into
folders. In addition to the basic functionalities, the proposed system also includes
advanced features such as email filters, email search, and a spam detection system.
The system uses machine learning algorithms to analyze incoming emails and iden-
tify potential spam messages, which are then filtered out and directed to a separate
folder for further review by the user.The proposed system also includes a feature for
scheduling emails, which allows users to compose and send emails at a later time
or date. This feature is particularly useful for users who want to schedule reminders
or announcements for specific events or occasions.Moreover, the proposed system
is highly customizable, allowing users to choose from a variety of themes and color
schemes to personalize their user interface. It also includes integration with other
services such as calendars and to-do lists, which helps users manage their tasks and
schedules more effectively. Overall, the proposed system of the mail clone using the
Django project aims to provide a modern and user-friendly email system with ad-
vanced features and customization options that can cater to the needs of individuals
and organizations alike.

3.3 Feasibility Study

The feasibility of the project is analyzed in this phase and business proposal is
put forth with a very general plan for the project and some cost estimates. During
system analysis the feasibility study of the proposed system is to be carried out. This
is to ensure that the proposed system is not a burden to the company. For feasibility
analysis, some understanding of the major requirements for the system is essential.

3.3.1 Economic Feasibility

Developing and maintaining a web-based application can be costly. Therefore, a

feasibility study would need to assess the projected revenue from the proposed sys-
tem and compare it to the costs of development, testing, and maintenance. The study
would also need to consider factors such as pricing models, revenue streams, and
potential sources of funding.

7
3.3.2 Technical Feasibility

Developing a web-based application using Django and Python requires a team

of skilled developers who are familiar with these technologies. The development
process can be time-consuming and costly, especially if the team encounters tech-
nical challenges along the way. Therefore, a feasibility study would need to assess
whether the necessary resources, including hardware and software, are available and
whether the development team has the necessary skills and experience to complete
the project successfully.

3.3.3 Social Feasibility

The mail clone using the Django project could have a significant social impact,
both positive and negative. A social feasibility study would need to assess the poten-
tial social impact of the proposed system, and whether it is aligned with societal goals
and objectives. For example, the system could increase access to communication
and improve productivity, but it could also contribute to information overload and
reduce face-to-face communication.User acceptance is critical to the success of any
web-based application. A social feasibility study would need to assess whether the
proposed system meets the needs and preferences of its intended users, and whether
users are likely to adopt the system. Factors such as user interface design, ease of use,
and compatibility with existing tools and workflows could all affect user acceptance.

3.4 System Specification

3.4.1 Hardware Specification

• RAM-Minimum of 4GB.
• Storage of at least 15GB will be better
• processor of min i5 10-gen will be good.
• Internet connectivity.

3.4.2 Software Specification

• VS-Code with python interpreter

8
 • Operating System - Windows 10 or 11 will be good.
• DataBase-MYSQL

3.4.3 Standards and Policies

Developing a web-based application such as the mail clone using the Django
project requires adherence to several standards and policies. These standards and
policies ensure that the application meets various requirements related to function-
ality, performance, security, and usability. Here are some standards and policies that
could apply to the mail clone using the Django project.
Web Application Security Standards - Web application security standards outline
best practices for protecting web applications from security vulnerabilities and at-
tacks. These standards can include guidelines for authentication, access control,
input validation, and secure coding practices.
Data Protection Regulations - Data protection regulations ensure that personal data
is collected, processed, and stored securely and with user consent. These regulations
can vary by country or region, but typically include guidelines for data privacy, data
access, and data retention.
Accessibility Standards - Accessibility standards ensure that web applications are
accessible to users with disabilities. These standards can include guidelines for web
content accessibility, such as the use of alternative text for images, keyboard naviga-
tion, and color contrast.
Usability Guidelines - Usability guidelines ensure that web applications are easy to
use and intuitive. These guidelines can include recommendations for user interface
design, navigation, and feedback.

9
 Chapter 4

METHODOLOGY

4.1 General Architecture

Figure 4.1: Django General Architecture

Figure 4.1 shows that, the model layer is responsible for managing the data and
the business logic of the application. In Django, models are typically defined as
Python classes that map to database tables. The Model layer provides an abstraction
layer that allows the application to interact with the database without worrying about
the details of the database implementation.
View layer: The view layer is responsible for rendering the user interface and han-
dling user input. In Django, views are typically defined as Python functions or
classes that handle HTTP requests and return HTTP responses. The View layer in-
teracts with the Model layer to retrieve and manipulate data, and it renders HTML
templates to display the data to the user.
Controller layer: The controller layer is responsible for managing the flow of data
and the interactions between the Model and View layers. In Django, the Controller
layer is provided by the URL dispatcher, which maps URLs to views.

10
4.2 Design Phase

4.2.1 Data Flow Diagram

Figure 4.2: Data Flow Diagram of Django

Figure 4.2 shows that, external entities are entities that interact with the system
but are not part of the system itself. In the context of a Django application, external
entities could include users, other web applications, or other systems that interact
with the Django application.
Processes: Processes represent the functions or operations performed on the data
in the system. In the context of a Django application, processes could include user
authentication, database queries, or template rendering.
Data stores: Data stores represent the databases or other data storage mechanisms
used by the system. In a Django application, data stores would typically include a
database such as MySQL, PostgreSQL, or SQLite.
Data flows: Data flows represent the movement of data between different compo-
nents of the system. In a Django application, data flows would typically include
HTTP requests and responses, database queries and updates, and the rendering of
templates.

11
4.2.2 Use Case Diagram

Figure 4.3: Use Case Diagram of Django

Figure 4.3 shows that, a use case is a description of how a user or other external
system interacts with a system being designed. In the context of a Django applica-
tion, use cases can be used to model how users or other systems interact with the
application to perform specific tasks. Here are some examples of use cases for a
Django application:
Create User Account: This use case would describe how a user can create a new
account on the Django application. The use case might include steps such as entering
their name, email, password, and submitting the form to create a new user account.
Log In: This use case would describe how a user can log in to the Django appli-
cation after they have created an account. The use case might include steps such as
entering their username and password, submitting the form to authenticate the user,
and redirecting the user to the application’s main dashboard.
Create New Post: This use case would describe how a user can create a new blog
post on the Django application. The use case might include steps such as navigating
to the ”New Post” page, entering the post’s title and content, selecting any relevant
categories or tags, and submitting the post to be published.

12
Search for Posts: This use case would describe how a user can search for specific
blog posts on the Django application. The use case might include steps such as
entering a search query into the application’s search bar, submitting the query to
search for matching posts, and displaying the search results to the user.

4.2.3 Class Diagram

Figure 4.4: Class Diagram of Django

Figure 4.4 shows that, a class diagram is a graphical representation of the classes
and their relationships in an object-oriented programming language like Python. In
Django, class diagrams are useful for visualizing the models, views, and controllers
that make up a web application. In Django, the Model represents the data structure of
the application, and it is responsible for managing the database. The View represents
the presentation logic of the application and interacts with the user. The Control
represents the business logic of the application and is responsible for coordinating
the Model and the View.The Model has a relationship with the View, where the
data is displayed to the user. The View communicates with the Model to retrieve
and manipulate data. The Control is responsible for processing the user’s input and
coordinating the Model and the View to generate a response.

13
4.2.4 Sequence Diagram

Figure 4.5: Sequence Diagram of Django

Figure 4.5 shows that, sequence diagrams are interaction diagrams that detail how
operations are carried out. They capture the interaction between objects in the con-
text of a collaboration. Sequence Diagrams are time focus and they show the order
of the interaction visually by using the vertical axis of the diagram to represent time
what messages are sent and when. We can update the email address and passwords
at any time. I am working on sending a notification to all the users to whom or sent
emails that the mail address is changed for the particular person so there will be no
confusion and delay in the data sharing.

14
4.2.5 Collaboration diagram

Figure 4.6: Collaboration Diagram of Django

Figure 4.6 shows that, a collaboration diagram, also known as a communication

diagram, is a type of UML diagram used to visualize the interactions between objects
in a system. In the case of a Django web application, a collaboration diagram could
be used to show how different components of the application interact with each other
to produce a certain output or functionality.
The collaboration diagram would show the interactions between these components.
The front-end would send a request to the back-end to store a message. The front-
end would then retrieve the messages from the database and display them on the
webpage.In this the front-end component would be represented by a rectangle la-
beled ”UI” (user interface), and the back-end component would be represented by a
rectangle labeled ”DB” (database). The interactions between the components would
be represented by arrows, with labels indicating the details of each interaction.

15
4.2.6 Activity Diagram

Figure 4.7: Activity Diagram of Django

Figure 4.7 shows that, the activity diagram in the software design models is used
to represent the flow of control among the different activities of the software. In the
activity diagram, we represent different actions through activities. These activities
take some input from some other activity of the system or through the input and
output units and produce some signal outputs that control the workflow of the other
activities.The activity diagram would show the sequence of actions that occur when a
user posts a message. The user would first enter the message in the UI, which would
then send a request to the back-end to store the message. The back-end would then
save the message in the database and send a confirmation to the UI. The UI would
then retrieve the messages from the database and display them on the webpage.In
the activity diagram, the sequence of actions would be represented by a series of
rectangles, with labels indicating the details of each action. Arrows would connect
the rectangles, indicating the flow of actions.

16
4.3 Algorithm

4.3.1 Algorithm - DJANGO

Step 1: Create a new Django project using the django-admin startproject command.
Step 2: Create a new Django app within the project using the python manage.py
startapp command.
Step 3: Define a Message model in the app’s models.py file, specifying the fields for
sender, recipients, subject, body, and timestamp.
Step 4: Create the database tables for the app using the python manage.py makemi-
grations and python manage.py migrate commands.
Step 5: Define views for handling inbox, compose, and message detail functionality
in the app’s views.py file, including logic for retrieving messages from the database,
composing new messages, and displaying message details.
Step 6: Create templates for inbox, compose, and message detail views using HTML
and Django’s template language, specifying the structure and layout of the mail
clone’s user interface.
Step 7: Define URL patterns in the app’s urls.py file to map URLs to the correspond-
ing views.
Step 8: Include the app’s URLs in the project’s urls.py file using the include func-
tion.
Step 9: Implement any additional functionality such as user authentication, message
deletion, or message search, as needed.
Step 10: Test the mail clone application using Django’s built-in testing framework to
ensure its functionality and correctness.
Step 11: Deploy the Django application to a production server or hosting platform
of your choice.
Step 12 : Go to the respective loagin page by taking the url link generated at the
production server or entered manually.

17
4.4 Module Description

4.4.1 User Management Module

Step 1: User Authentication Module This module is responsible for user registra-
tion and authentication. It enables users to create accounts and login securely. The
module also includes password reset functionality, ensuring that users can recover
their account in case of lost or forgotten passwords. In this we also have the in built
testing and we can test the code internally. By this we can directly run the product
without any errors and it will increase the productivity of the product.
Step 2: User login Registered users can log in to their account using their username
and password. The module should validate the user’s credentials and provide access
to the application if the credentials are correct.
Step 3: Password reset In case a user forgets their password, the module should
allow them to reset their password. This may involve sending an email to the user
with a reset link or asking the user to answer security questions.
Step 4: User profile management Users should be able to manage their profile in-
formation, such as their name, profile picture, and contact information. The module
should provide a user-friendly interface for users to make these changes.
Step 5: Security measures The module should ensure that user data is secure and
protected from unauthorized access. This may involve encrypting user data, imple-
menting multi-factor authentication, and logging user activity to detect and prevent
security breaches.

4.4.2 Email Management Module

Email composition: Users should be able to compose emails using a rich text ed-
itor, and include attachments if necessary. Email sending: Users should be able to
send emails to one or more recipients. The module should ensure that the email is
delivered successfully to the recipient’s inbox.
Email retrieval: The module should retrieve new emails from the email server and
update the user’s inbox accordingly. This may involve using protocols such as IMAP
or POP3.
Inbox organization: The module should organize emails by threads to enable users
to track conversations. It should also include features such as email filtering and

18
sorting to help users manage large volumes of emails.
Email synchronization: The module should ensure that the user’s inbox is in sync
with the email server. This may involve polling the server at regular intervals to
retrieve new emails.
Email notifications: The module should notify users of new emails, either through
in-app notifications or email notifications.
Drafts and sent emails: The module should allow users to save drafts of emails and
view their sent emails.
Error handling: The module should handle errors gracefully, such as when an email
fails to send or when there is a problem retrieving emails from the server. It should
provide helpful error messages to users to help them resolve the issue.

4.5 Steps to execute/run/implement the project

4.5.1 Step 1 - Installation

Install Python and Django on your machine if you haven’t already done so.

4.5.2 Step 2 - Folder Creation

Create the folder for the project for all the files need to be at one place and easy to
access for the execution and find.

4.5.3 Step 3 - Terminal

Open a terminal or command prompt and navigate to the project directory.

4.5.4 Step 4 - Virtual Env

Create a virtual environment for the project using the command ”python -m venv
env” (you can name the virtual environment anything you want).

4.5.5 Step 5 - Activation of Venv

Activate the virtual environment using the command “source env/bin/activate” on

macOS/Linux or “env/Scripts/activate” on Windows.

19
4.5.6 Step 6 - Required packages

Install the required Python packages using the command ”pip install -r require-
ments.txt”.

4.5.7 Step 7 - DB creation

Create a new database using the command ”python manage.py migrate”.

4.5.8 Step 8 - Admin creation

Create a superuser account using the command ”python manage.py createsuperuser”

and follow the prompts.

4.5.9 Step 9 - Server Running

Start the development server using the command ”python manage.py runserver”.

4.5.10 Step 10 - Accessing application

Open a web browser and go to ”http://localhost:8000/” to access the mail clone ap-
plication. Here we can use the functionalities developed for the application.

20
 Chapter 5

IMPLEMENTATION AND TESTING

5.1 Input and Output

5.1.1 Input Design

Figure 5.1: Login Page

The login page should have a form with fields for the user to enter their username
and password. Django provides built-in authentication views and forms that you can
use to create this form. Appropriate error messages should be displayed if the user
enters incorrect credentials or if there are any other errors. SSL encryption should
be enabled on the login page to ensure that user credentials are not transmitted in
plaintext over the internet. A sample login page is shown in the figure 5.1.

21
5.1.2 Output Design

Figure 5.2: Inbox Page

A navigation menu should be provided that allows the user to switch between
different mail folders, such as Inbox, Sent, Compose, and Logout. The inbox page
should display a list of all the emails in the selected folder. The list should include
information such as the sender, subject, and date. When the user clicks on an email
in the list, a preview of the email content should be displayed. If there are a large
number of emails in the selected folder, pagination can be used to display a limited
number of emails per page.A sample login page is shown in the figure 5.2.

22
5.2 Testing

Software testing is a critical element of software quality assurance and represents

the ultimate review of specification, design and coding. In fact, testing is the one
step in the software engineering process that could be viewed as destructive rather
than constructive.

5.3 Types of Testing

5.3.1 Unit testing

The purpose of unit testing is to validate that each unit or component of the system
works as expected and meets the specified requirements.

Figure 5.3: Unit Testing of Inbox page

5.3.2 Integration testing

Integration testing is the process of testing the interface between two software
units or module. It’s focus on determining the correctness of the interface. The pur-
pose of the integration testing is to expose faults in the interaction between integrated
units. Once all the modules have been unit tested, integration testing is performed.

23
Test edge cases: Write test cases that cover edge cases, such as sending messages to
invalid email addresses, handling large attachments, and handling unexpected errors.
Test user authentication and authorization: Write test cases that verify that users
are authenticated and authorized to access the different parts of the application. Make
sure that users cannot access or modify messages that do not belong to them.
Test performance and scalability: If your mail clone is expected to handle a large
volume of email traffic, write test cases that verify that the application can handle the
expected load without slowing down or crashing.
Test security: Write test cases that verify that the application is secure against com-
mon attacks, such as cross-site scripting (XSS) and SQL injection. Make sure that
user input is sanitized and that sensitive data is encrypted.

Figure 5.4: Integration Testing 1

24
 Figure 5.5: Integration Testing 2

5.3.3 System testing

System testing is a level of testing that validates the complete and fully integrated
software product. The purpose of a system test is to evaluate the end-to-end system
specifications.
Test the user interface: Verify that the user interface of the mail clone is intuitive
and easy to use. Test the various user interactions such as sending and receiving
emails, searching for emails, and managing the inbox and outbox.
Test the application flow: Test the flow of the application by performing end-to-
end tests that simulate a user’s journey through the different pages and features of
the mail clone. This ensures that the application behaves as expected and that the
user experience is seamless.
Test the database: Verify that the data is correctly stored and retrieved from the
database. Test the various CRUD operations such as creating, reading, updating, and
deleting emails.

25
Figure 5.6: System Testing 1

Figure 5.7: System Testing 2

26
Figure 5.8: System Testing 3

27
5.3.4 Test Result

Figure 5.9: Test Image

28
 Chapter 6

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

6.1 Efficiency of the Proposed System

The efficiency of a mail clone project using Django can depend on a variety of
factors, including the design of the project, the size and complexity of the codebase,
and the underlying hardware and infrastructure. However, there are several aspects
that can impact the efficiency of the project:
Database Optimization: The database is a crucial component of any mail clone
project, and optimizing database queries and operations can have a significant impact
on performance. Django provides several tools for optimizing database performance,
including querysets, indexing, and caching.
Caching: Caching is the process of storing frequently accessed data in memory or
on disk to reduce the number of database queries needed. Django provides a caching
framework that can be used to cache various components of the mail clone project,
such as views, templates, and database queries.
Asynchronous Tasks: Asynchronous tasks can improve the performance of the mail
clone project by allowing long-running tasks, such as sending or receiving emails,
to be executed in the background while the user continues to use the application.
Django provides support for asynchronous tasks through libraries such as Celery
and Django Channels.
Code Optimization: Efficient code can significantly improve the performance of a
mail clone project. Writing clean and optimized code, utilizing proper data struc-
tures, and minimizing database queries are some ways to improve code efficiency.
Scalability: As the user base of a mail clone project grows, it is important to en-
sure that the application can scale to handle increased traffic and workload. Django
provides several tools for scaling applications, such as load balancing, caching, and
database replication.

29
6.2 Comparison of Existing and Proposed System

The existing variational expectation-maximization algorithms are Bayesian in-

ference, so the process of comapring the two secenerios to recommend has delayed
latency when comapared with the linear discriminant. The existing system of food
feeding recommendations for the aquatic species, between the food supply vendor
and supplier is very much lagging due to the high manual processes involved and
also because the data from multiple sources has not been able to be used efficiently
to ensure transparency, traceability, and authenticity and to streamline the food dis-
tribution process. The traditional methods of manually gathering food are ineffective
when compared to our proposed method, which helps to increase the security of the
food supply chain. The accuracy of food recommendations in the old method is very
low due to a lack of data and a lack of supply from the traditional sources that are the
most authentic and correct. As a result, the chances of getting the appropriate food
in the appropriate circumstances are relatively low. And the nutrients for the fish are
artificial due to limited supply data and sources.

30
6.3 Sample Code

Figure 6.1: Views

31
Figure 6.2: Models

32
6.4 Sample output

Figure 6.3: Inbox

33
 Chapter 7

CONCLUSION AND FUTURE

ENHANCEMENTS

7.1 Conclusion

In conclusion, the Mail clone using Django project aims to create a web-based
email client similar to popular email services like Gmail and Yahoo Mail. The project
would involve developing two main modules - user authentication and email man-
agement - to provide users with a secure and efficient email experience. The user
authentication module would handle user registration, login, password reset, profile
management, and security measures, while the email management module would
handle email composition, sending, retrieval, organization, synchronization, notifi-
cations, drafts and sent emails, and error handling. The project could follow the
Model-View-Controller (MVC) architectural pattern and use the Django framework
to provide built-in tools and libraries for web development. Overall, the project
would be a challenging and rewarding endeavor for developers interested in web
application development and could provide users with a powerful and customizable
email client.

7.2 Future Enhancements

Additional Features: The project could add new features to the mail clone, such as
email scheduling, email templates, or integration with other apps and services.
Advanced Search Capabilities: The mail clone could incorporate advanced search
capabilities that allow users to search for emails based on various parameters, such
as sender, subject, date, and keywords.
Integration with AI and ML: The project could explore the possibility of integrat-
ing artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies into the mail clone, such
as automatic email categorization or smart replies.

34
Improved Security: As email is a highly sensitive form of communication, the
project could prioritize enhancing the security features of the mail clone to protect
users’ privacy and data.
Accessibility: The project could prioritize accessibility features such as assistive
technology, keyboard shortcuts, and color contrast for users with disabilities.

35
 Chapter 8

INDUSTRY DETAILS

8.0.1 Industry name

YUBI

8.0.2 Duration of Internship

DEC 14 2022 - JUN 16 2023

8.0.3 Duration of Internship in months

6 months.

8.0.4 Industry Address

Prestige Polygon,12th floor,A-Wing,471,Anna Salai,Nandanam,Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600035.

36
8.1 Internship offer letter

Figure 8.1: Offer letter

37
8.2 Project Commencement Form

Figure 8.2: Project Commencement Form

38
 Chapter 9

PLAGIARISM REPORT

Figure 9.1: Plagiarism report

39
 Chapter 10

SOURCE CODE & POSTER

PRESENTATION

10.1 Source Code

1 from d j a n g o . db i m p o r t m o d e l s
2 from d j a n g o . u t i l s i m p o r t t i m e z o n e
3 from d j a n g o . c o n t r i b . a u t h . m o d e l s i m p o r t U s e r
4 from d j a n g o . u r l s i m p o r t r e v e r s e
5

6 c l a s s P o s t ( m o d e l s . Model ) :
7 s u b j e c t = models . C h a r F i e l d ( max length =100)
8 c o n t e n t = models . T e x t F i e l d ( )
9 e m a i l = m o d e l s . C h a r F i e l d ( m a x l e n g t h =100 , e r r o r m e s s a g e s ={ ” u n i q u e ” : ” E m a i l A l r e a d y E x i s t s ” } )
10 d a t e p o s t e d = m o d e l s . D a t e T i m e F i e l d ( d e f a u l t = t i m e z o n e . now )
11 a u t h o r = m o d e l s . F o r e i g n K e y ( User , o n d e l e t e = m o d e l s . CASCADE)
12

13 def str ( self ) :

14 return self . subject
15

16 def g e t a b s o l u t e u r l ( s e l f ) :
17 r e t u r n r e v e r s e ( ’ p o s t − d e t a i l ’ , k w a r g s ={ ’ pk ’ : s e l f . pk } )
18 from d j a n g o . db i m p o r t m o d e l s
19 from d j a n g o . u t i l s i m p o r t t i m e z o n e
20 from d j a n g o . c o n t r i b . a u t h . m o d e l s i m p o r t U s e r
21 from d j a n g o . u r l s i m p o r t r e v e r s e
22

23 c l a s s P o s t ( m o d e l s . Model ) :
24 s u b j e c t = models . C h a r F i e l d ( max length =100)
25 c o n t e n t = models . T e x t F i e l d ( )
26 e m a i l = m o d e l s . C h a r F i e l d ( m a x l e n g t h =100 , e r r o r m e s s a g e s ={ ” u n i q u e ” : ” E m a i l A l r e a d y E x i s t s ” } )
27 d a t e p o s t e d = m o d e l s . D a t e T i m e F i e l d ( d e f a u l t = t i m e z o n e . now )
28 a u t h o r = m o d e l s . F o r e i g n K e y ( User , o n d e l e t e = m o d e l s . CASCADE)
29

30 def str ( self ) :

31 return self . subject
32

33 def g e t a b s o l u t e u r l ( s e l f ) :
34 r e t u r n r e v e r s e ( ’ p o s t − d e t a i l ’ , k w a r g s ={ ’ pk ’ : s e l f . pk } )
35 from r e i m p o r t t e m p l a t e

40
36 from d j a n g o . c o n t r i b . a u t h . m i x i n s i m p o r t L o g i n R e q u i r e d M i x i n
37 from d j a n g o . s h o r t c u t s i m p o r t r e n d e r , g e t o b j e c t o r 4 0 4
38 from d j a n g o . h t t p i m p o r t H t t p R e s p o n s e
39 from f l a s k i m p o r t r e q u e s t
40 from . m o d e l s i m p o r t P o s t
41 from d j a n g o . v i e w s . g e n e r i c i m p o r t L i s t V i e w , D e t a i l V i e w , C r e a t e V i e w
42 from d j a n g o . c o n t r i b . a u t h . m o d e l s i m p o r t U s e r
43

44

45 d e f home ( r e q u e s t ) :
46 context = {
47 ’ posts ’ : Post . objects . a l l ( )
48 }
49 r e t u r n r e n d e r ( r e q u e s t , ’ v m a i l / home . h t m l ’ , c o n t e x t )
50

51 c l a s s PostListView ( LoginRequiredMixin , ListView ) :

52 model = P o s t
53 t e m p l a t e n a m e = ’ v m a i l / home . h t m l ’
54 context object name=’ posts ’
55 o r d e r i n g =[ ’− d a t e p o s t e d ’ ]
56

57

58

59

60 c l a s s UserPostListView ( ListView ) :
61 model = P o s t
62 template name = ’ vmail / u s e r p o s t . html ’ # <app >/<model> <v i e w t y p e >. h t m l
63 context object name = ’ posts ’
64

65

66 def g e t q u e r y s e t ( s e l f ) :
67 u s e r = g e t o b j e c t o r 4 0 4 ( User , u s e r n a m e = s e l f . k w a r g s . g e t ( ’ u s e r n a m e ’ ) )
68 r e t u r n Post . o b j e c t s . f i l t e r ( a u t h o r = u se r ) . o r d e r b y ( ’− d a t e p o s t e d ’ )
69

70

71 def sent ( request ) :

72 context = {
73 ’ posts ’ : Post . objects . a l l ( )
74 }
75 r e t u r n r e n d e r ( request , ’ vmail / s e n t . html ’ , c o n t e x t )
76

77

78 c l a s s PostDetailView ( LoginRequiredMixin , DetailView ) :

79 model = P o s t

41
10.2 Poster Presentation

Figure 10.1: Poster presentation

42
 References

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