MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
WINTER – 2023 EXAMINATION
Model Answer – Only for the Use of RAC Assessors
Subject Name: Programming with Python Subject Code: 22616 22616
Important Instructions to examiners:
1) The answers should be examined by key words and not as word-to-word as given in the model answer scheme.
2) The model answer and the answer written by candidate may vary but the examiner may try to assess the understanding
level of the candidate.
3) The language errors such as grammatical, spelling errors should not be given more Importance (Not applicable for
subject English and Communication Skills.
4) While assessing figures, examiner may give credit for principal components indicated in the figure. The figures drawn
by candidate and model answer may vary. The examiner may give credit for any equivalent figure drawn.
5) Credits may be given step wise for numerical problems. In some cases, the assumed constant values may vary and
there may be some difference in the candidate’s answers and model answer.
6) In case of some questions credit may be given by judgement on part of examiner of relevant answer based on
candidate’s understanding.
7) For programming language papers, credit may be given to any other program based on equivalent concept.
8) As per the policy decision of Maharashtra State Government, teaching in English/Marathi and Bilingual (English +
Marathi) medium is introduced at first year of AICTE diploma Programme from academic year 2021-2022. Hence if
the students in first year (first and second semesters) write answers in Marathi or bilingual language (English
+Marathi), the Examiner shall consider the same and assess the answer based on matching of concepts with model
answer.

Q. Sub Answer Marking

No. Q. Scheme
N.

1 Attempt any FIVE of the following: 10 M

a) Enlist applications for python programming. 2M

Ans  Google's App Engine web development framework uses Python as an application Any two
language. application,
 Maya, a powerful integrated 3D modeling and animation system, provides a Python One application
scripting API. for 1 M each
 Linux Weekly News, published by using a web application written in Python.
 Google makes extensive use of Python in its Web Search Systems.
 The popular YouTube video sharing service is largely written in Python
programming.
 The NSA uses Python for cryptography and intelligence analysis.
 iRobot uses Python programming to develop commercial and military robotic devices.
 The Raspberry Pi single-board computer promotes Python programming as its
educational language.
 Nextflix and Yelp have both documented the role of Python in their software
infrastructures.
 Industrial Light and Magic, Pixar and others uses Python in the production of
animated movies.
 Desktop GUI Applications
 Image Processing Applications
 Scientific and Numeric Applications
 Audio and Video Based Applications
 3D CAD Applications
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 Software Development
 Web Applications
b) Write the use of elif keyword in python. 2M

Ans elif' stands for 'else if' and is used in Python programming to test multiple conditions. Correct
The if statements are executed from the top down. As soon as one of the conditions controlling explanation 2
the if is true, the statement associated with that if is executed, and the rest of the ladder is M
bypassed. If none of the conditions is true, then the final else statement will be executed.

c) Describe the Role of indentation in python. 2M

Ans  Indentation refers to the spaces at the beginning of a code line. Correct Role 2
 Generally, four whitespaces are used for indentation and is preferred over tabs. M
 Where in other programming languages the indentation in code is for readability only,
the indentation in Python is very important.
 Indentation helps to convey a better structure of a program to the readers. It is used to
clarify the link between control flow constructs such as conditions or loops, and code
contained within and outside of them.
 Python uses indentation to indicate a block of code.
Example:
if 5 > 2:
print("Five is greater than two!")
d) Define Data Hiding concept? Write two advantages of Data Hiding. 2M

Ans  Data hiding is a concept which underlines the hiding of data or information from the Any relevant
user. Definition 1 M,
 Data hiding is a software development technique specifically used in Object-Oriented
any two
Programming (OOP) to hide internal object details (data members).
 Data hiding includes a process of combining the data and functions into a single unit Advantages 1
to conceal data within a class by restricting direct access to the data from outside the M
class.

Advantages of Data Hiding

 Data hiding ensures exclusive data access to class members and protects object
integrity by preventing unintended or intended changes.
 Data hiding is also known as information hiding. An object's attributes may or may
not be visible outside the class definition.
 Data hiding also minimizes system complexity for increase robustness by limiting
interdependencies between software requirements.
 The objects within the class are disconnected from irrelevant data.
 It heightens the security against hackers that are unable to access confidential data.
 It helps to prevent damage to volatile data by hiding it from the public.
 A user outside from the organization cannot attain the access to the data.
 Within the organization/ system only specific users get the access. This allows better
operation.
e) State use of namespace in python. 2M

Ans  Namespaces bring you three advantages: they group names into logical Correct/relevant
containers, they prevent clashes between duplicate names, and third, they use 2 M
provide context to names.
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 Namespaces prevent conflicts between classes, methods and objects with the
same name that might have been written by different people.
 A namespace is a system to have a unique name for each and every object in
Python. An object might be a variable or a method. Python itself maintains a
namespace in the form of a Python dictionary.
 A namespace in python is a collection of names. So, a namespace is essentially
a mapping of names to corresponding objects.
f) State the use of read() and readline () functions in python file handling. 2M

Ans 1. read([n]) Method: read() 1 M and

The read method reads the entire contents of a file and returns it as a string, if number readline()
of bytes are not given in the argument. If we execute read(3), we will get back the first
three characters of the file. 1M
Example: for read( ) method.
(example is not
f=open("sample.txt","r")
mandatory)
print(f.read(5)) # read first 5 data
print(f.read()) # read rest of the file

2. readline([n]) Method:
The readline() method just output the entire line whereas readline(n) outputs at most
n bytes of a single line of a file. It does not read more than one line. Once, the end of
file is reached, we get empty string on further reading.
Example: For readline ( ) method.
f=open("sample.txt","r")
print(f.readline()) # read first line followed by\n
print(f.readline(3))
print(f.readline())
g) Explain two ways to add objects / elements to list. 2M

Ans 1)append method: The append() method adds an element to the end of a list. We can insert 1 Method for 1
a single item in the list data time with the append(). M (any two
Example: For append() method.
>>> list1=[10,20,30] methods)
>>> list1
[10, 20, 30]
>>> list1.append(40) # add element at the end of list
>>> list1 (example is not
[10, 20, 30, 40] mandatory)

2. extend() Method: The extend() method extends a list by appending items. We can add
several items using extend() method.
Example: Program for extend() method.
>>>list1=[10, 20, 30, 40]
>>>list1
[10, 20, 30, 40]
>>> list1.extend([60,70]) #add elements at the end of list
>>> list1
[10, 20, 30, 40, 60, 70]

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3. insert() Method: We can insert one single item at a desired location by using the method
insert() or insert multiple items by squeezing it into an empty slice of a list.
Example: Program for insert() method.
>>> list1=[10, 20]
>>>list1
[10,20]
>>> list1.insert(1,30)
>>> list1
[10, 30, 20]

2. Attempt any THREE of the following: 12 M

a) Explain membership and identity operators in Python. 4M

Ans Membership Operators: Membership

The membership operators in Python are used to find the existence of a particular operator 2 M
element in the sequence, and used only with sequences like string, tuple, list, and Identity
dictionary etc.
operator 2 M
Membership operators are used to check an item or an element that is part of a string,
a list or a tuple. A membership operator reduces the effort of searching an element in
the list.
Python provides ‘in’ and ‘not in’ operators which are called membership operators
and used to test whether a value or variable is in a sequence.
Operator Description Example

in True if value is found in list or in >>> x="Hello World"

sequence, and false it item is not >>> print('H' in x)
in list or in sequence True
not in True if value is not found in list >>> x="Hello World"
or in sequence, and false it item is >>> print("Hello" not in x)
in list or in sequence. False

Identity Operators: Sometimes, in Python programming a need to compare the

memory address of two objects; this is made possible with the help of the identity
operator. Identity operators are used to check whether both operands are same or not.
Python provides ‘is’ and ‘is not’ operators which are called identity operators and both
are used to check if two values are located on the same part of the memory. Two
variables that are equal does not imply that they are identical.
Operator Description Example

is Return true, if the variables on either side >>> a=3

of the operator point to the same object >>> b=3
and false otherwise. >>> print(a is b)
True
is not Return false, if the variables on either >>> a=3
side of the operator point to the same >>> b=3
object and true otherwise. >>> print(a is not b)
False

b) Write python program to display output like. 4M

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2
4 6 8
10 12 14 16 18
Ans a=2 Correct or any
for i in range(1,5): relevant Logic/
for j in range(i): any other
print(a,end="\t") suitable
a+=2 Program 4 M
print()

c) Explain four built-in list functions. 4M

Ans Sr. No. Function Description Example

1 len(list) It returns the length of the >>> list1
Any 4 functions
list. [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
>>> len(list1) 4 M, 1 M each
5
2 max(list) It returns the item that has >>> list1
the maximum value in a [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
list. >>> max(list1)
5
3 sum(list) Calculates sum of all the >>>list1
elements of list. [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
>>>sum(list1)
15
4 min(list) It returns the item that has >>> list1
the minimum value in a list. [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
>>> min(list1)
1
5 list(seq) It converts a tuple into a >>> list1
list. [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
>>> list(list1)
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
6 list.append(item) It adds the item to the end >>> list1
of the list. [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
>>> list1.append(6)
>>> list1
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
7 list.count(item) It returns number of times >>> list1
the item occurs in the list. [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 3]
>>> list1.count(3)
2
8 list.extend(seq) It adds the elements of the >>> list1
sequence at the end of the [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
list. >>> list2
['A', 'B', 'C']
>>> list1.extend(list2)
>>> list1
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 'A', 'B', 'C']
9 list.pop(item=list[- It deletes and returns the >>> list1
1]) last element of the list. [1, 2, 7, 3, 4, 5, 3]
>>> list1.pop()
3
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>>> list1.pop(2)
7
10 list.remove(item) It deletes the given item >>> list1
from the list. [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
>>> list1.remove(3)
>>> list1
[1, 2, 4, 5]
11 list.reverse() It reverses the position >>> list1
(index number) of the items [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
in the list. >>> list1.reverse()
>>> list1
[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]
12 list.sort([func]) It sorts the elements inside >>> list1
the list and uses compare [1, 3, 2, 5, 4]
function if provided. >>> list1.sort()
>>> list1
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
d) Write python program using module, show how to write and use module by 4M
importing it.
Ans For creating a module write following code and save it as p1.py Write module 2
#p1.py M and Import 2
def add(a, b): M
"This function adds two numbers and return the result"
result = a + b
return result

def sub(a, b):

"This function subtract two numbers and return the result"
result = a – b
return result

Import the definitions inside a module:

import p1
print(p1.add(10,20))
print(p1.sub(20,10))

Output:
30
10

3. Attempt any THREE of the following: 12 M

a) Describe various modes of file object? Explain any two in detail. 4M

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Ans Like, C, C++, and Java, a file in Python programming can be opened in various modes Listing of
depending upon the purpose. For that, the programmer needs to specify the mode modes- 1 M
whether read 'r', write 'w', or append 'a' mode. Apart from this, two other modes exist, and explain ant
which specify to open the file in text mode or binary mode. 2- 3 M
1. The text mode returns strings while reading from the file. The default is reading in
text mode.
2. The binary mode returns bytes and this is the mode to be used when dealing with
non-text files like image or executable files.
The text and binary modes are used in conjunction with the r, w, and a modes. The list
of all the modes used in Python are given in following table:
Sr. No. Mode Description

1 r Opens a file for reading only. The file pointer is placed

at the beginning of the file. This is the default mode.

2 rb Opens a file for reading only in binary format. The file

pointer is placed at the beginning of the file. This is the
default mode.

3 r+ Opens a file for both reading and writing. The file

pointer placed at the beginning of the file.

4 rb+ Opens a file for both reading and writing in binary

format. The file pointer placed at the beginning of the
file.

5 w Opens a file for writing only. Overwrites the file if the

file exists. If the file does not exist, creates a new file
for writing.

6 wb Opens a file for writing only in binary format.

Overwrites the file if the file exists. If the file does not
exist, creates a new file for writing.

7 w+ Opens a file for both writing and reading. Overwrites

the existing file if the file exists. If the file does not
exist, creates a new file for reading and writing.

8 wb+ Opens a file for both writing and reading in binary

format. Overwrites the existing file if the file exists. If
the file does not exist, creates a new file for reading and
writing.

9 a Opens a file for appending. The file pointer is at the end

of the file if the file exists.

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That is, the file is in the append mode. If the file does
not exist, it creates a new file for writing.

10 ab Opens a file for appending in binary format. The file

pointer is at the end of the file if the file exists. That is,
the file is in the append mode. If the file does not exist,
it creates a new file for writing.

11 a+ Opens a file for both appending and reading. The file

pointer is at the end of the file if the file exists. The file
opens in the append mode. If the file does not exist, it
creates a new file for reading and writing.

12 ab+ Opens a file for both appending and reading in binary

format. The file pointer is at the end of the file if the
file exists. The file opens in the append mode. If the file
does not exist, it creates a new file for reading and
writing.

13 t Opens in text mode (default).

14 b Opens in binary mode

15 + Opens a file for updating (reading and writing).

b) Explain use of Pass and Else keyword with for loops in python. 4M

Ans Pass Statement: It is used when a statement is required syntactically but we do not Pass for 2 M
want any command or code to execute. A pass statement in Python also refers to as a and Else for 2
will statement. The pass statement is a null operation; nothing happens when it executes. M
The pass is also useful in places where your code will eventually go, but has not been written
yet.
Syntax: pass
Example: For pass statement.
for i in range(1,11):
if i%2==0: # check if the number is even
pass # (No operation)
else:
print("Odd Numbers: ",i)
Output:
Odd Numbers: 1
Odd Numbers: 3
Odd Numbers: 5
Odd Numbers: 9
Odd Numbers: 7

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Else Statement: The else block just after for/while is executed only when the loop is NOT
terminated by a break statement. The else keyword in a for loop specifies a block of code to
be executed when the loop is finished:

Example:
for i in range(1, 4):
print(i)
else: # Executed because no break in for
print("Finally Exit”)
Output:
1
2
3
Finally Exit
c) T = ('spam, Spam', SPAM!', 'SaPm') 4M
print (T [2])
print (T[-2])
print (T[2:])
print (List (T))
Ans Input Each Print
T = ('spam’, ‘Spam', ‘SPAM!', 'SaPm') Statement/
output for 1 M
Python statement Output
print (T [2]) SPAM!
print (T[-2]) SPAM!
print (T[2:]) [‘SPAM!', 'SaPm']
print (list (T)) ['spam', 'Spam', 'SPAM!', 'SaPm']

d) Explain method overloading and overriding in python. 4M

Ans Method Overloading: Method overloading is the ability to define the method with the same Method
name but with a different number of arguments and data types. With this ability one method Overloading
can perform different tasks, depending on the number of arguments or the types of the
arguments given. Method overloading is a concept in which a method in a class performs 2M
operations according to the parameters passed to it. Python does not support method and Overriding
overloading, that is, it is not possible to define more than one method with the same name in 2M
a class in Python. This is because method arguments in python do not have a type. A method
accepting one argument can be called with an integer value, a string or a double as shown in
next example.
class Demo:
def method(self, a):
print(a)
obj= Demo( )
obj.method(50)
obj.method('Meenakshi')
obj.method(100.2)
Output:
50
Meenakshi
100.2

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It is clear that method overloading is not supported in python but that does not mean
that we cannot call a method with different number of arguments. There are a couple
of alternatives available in python that make it possible to call the same method but
with different number of arguments.

Method Overriding: Overriding is the ability of a class to change the implementation

of a method provided by one of its base class. Method overriding is thus a strict part
of the inheritance mechanism. To override a method in the base class, we must define
a new method with same name and same parameters in the derived class. Overriding
is a very important part of OOP since it is the feature that makes inheritance exploit
its full power. Through method overriding a class may "copy" another class, avoiding
duplicated code, and at the same time enhance or customize part of it.

Example: For method overriding.

class A: # parent class
"Parent Class"
def display(self):
print ('This is base class.')
class B(A): #derived class
"Child/Derived class"
def display(self):
print ('This is derived class.')
obj = B() # instance of child
obj.display() # child calls overridden method
Output:
This is derived class.

4. Attempt any THREE of the following: 12 M

a) Explain different functions or ways to remove key : value pair from 4M

Dictionary.

Ans pop(): We can remove a particular item in a dictionary by using the method pop(). Any two
This method removes as item with the provided key and returns the value. functions, 2m
Example: each
>>> squares
{1: 1, 2: 4, 3: 9, 4: 16}
>>> squares.pop(2) # remove a particular item
4
>>> squares
{1: 1, 3: 9, 4: 16}

Popitem(): The method, popitem() can be used to remove and return an arbitrary item
(key, value) form the dictionary.
Example:
>>> squares={1:1,2:4,3:9,4:16,5:25}
>>> squares
{1: 1, 2: 4, 3: 9, 4: 16, 5: 25}
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>>> print(squares.popitem()) # remove an arbitrary item
(5, 25)
>>> squares
{1: 1, 2: 4, 3: 9, 4: 16}

Clear(): All the items can be removed at once using the clear() method.
Example:
>>> squares
{1: 1, 4: 16}
>>> squares.clear() # removes all items
>>> squares
{}

Del(): We can also use the del keyword to remove individual items or the entire
dictionary itself.
Example:
>>> squares
{1: 1, 3: 9, 4: 16}
>>> del squares[3] # delete a particular item
>>> squares
{1: 1, 4: 16}

b) Explain Numpy package in detail. 4M

Ans  NumPy is the fundamental package for scientific computing with Python. Suitable
NumPy stands for "Numerical Python". It provides a high-performance explanation 4
multidimensional array object, and tools for working with these arrays. M
 An array is a table of elements (usually numbers), all of the same type, indexed
by a tuple of positive integers and represented by a single variable. NumPy's
array class is called ndarray. It is also known by the alias array.
 In NumPy arrays, the individual data items are called elements. All elements
of an array should be of the same type. Arrays can be made up of any number
of dimensions.
 In NumPy, dimensions are called axes. Each dimension of an array has a length
which is the total number of elements in that direction.
 The size of an array is the total number of elements contained in an array in all
the dimension. The size of NumPy arrays are fixed; once created it cannot be
changed again.
 Numpy arrays are great alternatives to Python Lists. Some of the key
advantages of Numpy arrays are that they are fast, easy to work with, and give
users the opportunity to perform calculations across entire arrays.

 Fig. shows the axes (or dimensions) and lengths of two example arrays; (a) is
a one-dimensional array and (b) is a two-dimensional array.

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 A one dimensional array has one axis indicated by Axis-0. That axis has five
elements in it, so we say it has length of five.
 A two dimensional array is made up of rows and columns. All rows are
indicated by Axis-0 and all columns are indicated by Axis-1. If Axis-0 in two
dimensional array has three elements, so its length it three and Axis-1 has six
elements, so its length is six.

Execute Following command to install numpy in window, Linux and MAC OS:

python -m pip install numpy

To use NumPy you need to import Numpy:
import numpy as np # alias np
Using NumPy, a developer can perform the following operations:
1. Mathematical and logical operations on arrays.
2. Fourier transforms and routines for shape manipulation.
3. Operations related to linear algebra.
4. NumPy has in-built functions for linear algebra and random number generation.

c) Explain seek ( ) and tell ( ) function for file pointer manipulation in 4M

python with example.

Ans seek(): In python programming, within file handling concept seek() function is used to For seek()
shift/change the position of file object to required position. By file object we mean a cursor. method: 2 M
And it’s cursor, who decides from where data has to be read or write in a file. and for Tell()
Syntax: method 2 M
f.seek(offset, fromwhere)
where offset represents how many bytes to move fromwhere, represents the position from
where the bytes are moving.
Example:
f = open("demofile.txt", "r")
f.seek(4) #sets Reference point to fourth index position from the beginning
print(f.readline())

tell(): tell() returns the current position of the file pointer from the beginning of the file.
Syntax: file.tell()
Example:
f = open("demofile.txt", "r")
# points at the start
print(f.tell())

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d) WAP to read contents of first.txt file and write same content in second.txt 4M
file.

Ans with open('first.txt', 'r') as f: # Open the first file for reading Correct logic
contents = f.read() # Read the contents of the file program/any
suitable
with open('second.txt', 'w') as f: # Open the second file for writing program 4 M
f.write(contents) # Write the contents of the first file to the second file

5. Attempt any TWO of the following: 12 M

a) Explain any four set operations with example. 6M

Ans Set Operations: Each operation

1. Set Union: The union of two sets is the set of all the elements of both the sets without -1 ½ M
duplicates. You can use the ‘|’ operator to find the union of a Python set.
>>> first_set = {1, 2, 3}
>>> second_set = {3, 4, 5}
>>> first_set.union(second_set)
{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
>>> first_set | second_set # using the ‘|’ operator
{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}

2. Set Intersection: The intersection of two sets is the set of all the common elements of
both the sets. You can use the ‘&’ operator to find the intersection of a Python set.
>>> first_set = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
>>> second_set = {4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}
>>> first_set.intersection(second_set)
{4, 5, 6}
>>> first_set & second_set # using the ‘&’ operator
{4, 5, 6}

3. Set Difference
The difference between two sets is the set of all the elements in first set that are not present
in the second set. You would use the ‘–‘ operator to achieve this in Python.
>>> first_set = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
>>> second_set = {4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}
>>> first_set.difference(second_set)
{1, 2, 3}
>>> first_set - second_set # using the ‘-‘ operator
{1, 2, 3}
>>> second_set - first_set
{8, 9, 7}

4. Set Symmetric Difference: The symmetric difference between two sets is the set of all
the elements that are either in the first set or the second set but not in both. You have the
choice of using either the symmetric_difference() method or the ^ operator to do this in
Python.
>>> first_set = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
>>> second_set = {4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}
>>> first_set.symmetric_difference(second_set)
{1, 2, 3, 7, 8, 9}

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>>> first_set ^ second_set # using the `^` operator
{1, 2, 3, 7, 8, 9}
b) Explain building blocks of python. 6M

Ans 1) Python Identifiers: Variable name is known as identifier. Any 6 building

To name an identifier following are the rules: blocks=6M
 The first character of the variable must be an alphabet or underscore ( _ ).
 All the characters except the first character may be an alphabet of lower-case(a-z),
upper-case (A-Z), underscore or digit (0-9).
 Identifier name must not contain any white-space, or special character (!, @, #, %, ^,
&, *).
 Identifier name must not be similar to any keyword defined in the language. o
Identifier names are case sensitive for example my name, and MyName is not the
same.
Eg: a,b,c=5,10,15

2) Reserved Words
The following list shows the Python keywords. These are reserved words and cannot use
them as constant or variable or any other identifier names. All the Python keywords contain
lowercase letters only.

3) Indentation: Python provides no braces to indicate blocks of code for class and function
definitions or flow control. Blocks of code are denoted by line indentation, which is
compulsory.
The number of spaces in the indentation is variable, but all statements within the block
must be indented the same amount. For example –

if True:
print "True"
else:
print "False"

Thus, in Python all the continuous lines indented with same number of spaces would form
a block.

4) Python Types: The basic types in Python are String (str), Integer (int), Float
(float), and Boolean (bool). There are also built in data structures to know when you
learn Python. These data structures are made up of the basic types, you can think of
them like Legos, the data structures are made out of these basic types. The core data
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structures to learn in Python are List (list), Dictionary (dict), Tuple (tuple), and Set
(set).
Strings
Strings in Python are assigned with single or double quotations. As in many
other programming languages, characters in strings may be accessed as if
accessing an array. In the example below we’ll assign a string to a variable,
access the first element, check for a
substring, and check the length of the string.
x = 'abcd'

Numbers: Integers and Floats in Python are both Number types. They can
interact with each other, they can be used in all four operations. In the
example code we’ll explore how these numbers can interact.
x = 2.5
y=2

Boolean: Boolean variables in Python are either True or False. They will also
return True for 1 and False for 0. The example shows how to assign either
True or False to a variable in Python
x = True
y = False

Lists: Lists in Python are represented with brackets. Like characters in a string,
the elements in a list can be accessed with brackets. Lists can also be
enumerate‘d on to return both the index and the element. We’ll go over
enumerate when we cover for loops in Python. The example code shows how
to declare lists, print elements in them, add to them, and remove from them.
x = [10, 25, 63, 104]
y = ['a', 'q', 'blah']

Dictionaries: Dictionaries in Python are a group of key-value pairs.

Dictionaries are declared with curly braces and their entries can be accessed
in two ways, a) with brackets, and b) with .get. The example code shows how
we can access items in a dictionary.
_dict = {
'a': 'Sally sells sea shells',
'b': 'down by the seashore'
}

Tuples: Tuples is an immutable sequence in Python. Unlike lists, you can’t move
objects out of order in a Tuple. Tuples are declared with parenthesis and must
contain a comma (even if it is a tuple of 1). The example below shows how to add
tuples, get a tuple from a list, and return information about it.
x = (a, b)

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Sets: Sets in Python are the non-duplicative data structure. That means they
can only store one of an element. Sets are declared with curly braces like
dictionaries, but do not contain ‘:’ in them. The example code shows how to
turn a list into a set, access set elements by index, add to a set, and remove
from a set.
# we can turn a list into a set
x = ['a', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'c']
x = set(x)

5) Control structures: Control structures are used to determine the flow of execution
of a Python program. Examples of control structures in Python include if-else
statements, for and while loops, and try-except blocks.

6) Functions: Functions are reusable blocks of code that perform specific tasks. In
Python, functions are defined using the def keyword.

7) Modules: Python modules are files that contain Python code and can be imported
into other Python programs to reuse code and simplify development.

8) Packages: Packages are collections of related Python modules that can be installed
and imported together. Packages are commonly used in Python for organizing and
distributing libraries and tools.
c) Write a program illustrating use of user defined package in python. 6M

Ans # student.py Create package:

class Student: 2m
def __init__(self, student):
self.name = student['name'] Importing
self.gender = student['gender'] packages: 2m
self.year = student['year']
Logic: 2m
def get_student_details(self): (Any
return f"Name: {self.name}\nGender: {self.gender}\nYear: {self.year}" Similar/Suitable
other
logic/program
# faculty.py can consider)
class Faculty:
def __init__(self, faculty):
self.name = faculty['name']
self.subject = faculty['subject']

def get_faculty_details(self):
return f"Name: {self.name}\nSubject: {self.subject}"

# testing.py
# importing the Student and Faculty classes from respective files
from student import Student
from faculty import Faculty
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# creating dicts for student and faculty

student_dict = {'name' : 'ABC', 'gender': 'Male', 'year': '3'}
faculty_dict = {'name': 'XYZ', 'subject': 'Programming'}

# creating instances of the Student and Faculty classes

student = Student(student_dict)
faculty = Faculty(faculty_dict)

# getting and printing the student and faculty details

print(student.get_student_details())
print()
print(faculty.get_faculty_details())

Output :
Name: ABC
Gender: Male
Year: 3

Name: XYZ
Subject: Programming

6. Attempt any TWO of the following: 12 M

a) Write a program to create class student with Roll no. and Name and 6M
display its contents

Ans class Student: Create Class:

def __init__(self, name, rollno): 3m
self.name = name
self.rollno = rollno Display
Method: 3m
def __str__(self):
return f"{self.name}({self.rollno})"

s1 = Student("ABC", 32)
print(s1)
Output:
ABC 32

b) Write program to implement concept of inheritance in python. 6M

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Ans class Animal: #super class Any other
suitable
# attribute and method of the parent class program can
name = "" consider
def eat(self):
print("I can eat")

# inherit from Animal Class creation:

class Dog(Animal): sub(2 M class 2m
Inherit one
# new method in subclass
class to another:
def display(self):
2m
# access name attribute of superclass using self
print("My name is ", self.name) Logic: 2m

# create an object of the subclass

labrador = Dog()

# access superclass attribute and method

labrador.name = "Rohu"
labrador.eat()
# call subclass method
labrador.display()
Output:
I can eat
My name is Rohu

c) List and explain any four built-in functions on set. 6M

Ans Built-in Functions with Set Listing: 2m

add()
discard() Explanation of
copy() any two
remove() function: 4m
clear()
(2 M each)
union()
difference()
intersection()
discard()
issubset()
issuperset()
pop()
update()
symmetric_difference()

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add():
Adds an element to the set. If an element is already exist in the set, then it does not
add that element.
Example:
s = {'g', 'e', 'k', 's'}
# adding f into set s
s.add('f')
print('Set after updating:', s)

output:
Set after updating: {'s', 'f', 'e', 'g', 'k'}

discard():
Removes the element from the set
Example:
s = {'g', 'e', 'k', 's'}
print('Set before discard:', s)
s.discard('g')
print('\nSet after discard g:', s)

Output:
Set before discard: {'s', 'e', 'k', 'g'}
Set after discard g: {'s', 'e', 'k'}

remove():
Removes the specified element from the set. If the specified element not found, raise
an error.
Example:
s = {'g', 'e', 'k', 's'}
print('Set before remove:', s)
s.remove('e')
print('\nSet after remove e:', s)

Output:
Set before remove: {'s', 'k', 'e', 'g'}
Set after remove e: {'s', 'k', 'g'}

clear():
Removes all elements from the set
Example:
s = {'g', 'e', 'k', 's'}
print('Set before clear:', s)
s.clear()
print('\nSet after clear:', s)
Output:
Set before clear: {'g', 'k', 's', 'e'}
Set after clear: set()

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copy(): Returns a shallow copy of the set
Example:
s = {'g', 'e', 'k', 's'}
p=s.copy()
print("original set:",s)
print("Copied set:",p)

Output:
original set: {'k', 's', 'g', 'e'}
Copied set: {'k', 's', 'g', 'e'}

Union():The set.union() method returns a new set with distinct elements from all the
given sets.
Example:
nums1 = {1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 5}
nums2 = {4, 5, 6, 7, 7, 8}
distinct_nums = nums1.union(nums2)
print("The union of two sets is: ", distinct_nums)

Output:
The union of two sets is: {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}

Difference():The set.difference() method returns the new set with the unique elements
that are not in the other set passed as a parameter.
Example:
nums1 = {1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 5}
nums2 = {4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 8}
nums3 = nums1.difference(nums2)
nums4 = nums2.difference(nums1)
print("nums1 - nums2: ", nums3)
print("nums2 - nums1: ", nums4)

Output:
nums1 - nums2: {1, 2, 3}
nums2 - nums1: {8, 6, 7}

Intersection():The set.intersection() method returns a new set with the elements that
are common in the given sets.
Example:
x = {"apple", "banana", "cherry"}
y = {"google", "microsoft", "apple"}
z = x.intersection(y)
print(z)

Output:
apple

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WINTER – 2022 EXAMINATION
Subject Name: Programming with Python Model Answer Subject Code: 22616
Important Instructions to examiners: XXXXX
1) The answers should be examined by key words and not as word-to-word as given in the model answer scheme.
2) The model answer and the answer written by candidate may vary but the examiner may try to assess the
understanding level of the candidate.
3) The language errors such as grammatical, spelling errors should not be given more Importance (Not applicable for
subject English and Communication Skills.
4) While assessing figures, examiner may give credit for principal components indicated in the figure. The figures
drawn by candidate and model answer may vary. The examiner may give credit for any equivalent figure drawn.
5) Credits may be given step wise for numerical problems. In some cases, the assumed constant values may vary and
there may be some difference in the candidate’s answers and model answer.
6) In case of some questions credit may be given by judgement on part of examiner of relevant answer based on
candidate’s understanding.
7) For programming language papers, credit may be given to any other program based on equivalent concept.
8) As per the policy decision of Maharashtra State Government, teaching in English/Marathi and Bilingual (English +
Marathi) medium is introduced at first year of AICTE diploma Programme from academic year 2021-2022. Hence if
the students in first year (first and second semesters) write answers in Marathi or bilingual language (English
+Marathi), the Examiner shall consider the same and assess the answer based on matching of concepts with
model answer.

Q. Sub Answer Marking

No. Q. Scheme
N.

1 Attempt any FIVE of the following: 10 M

a) List Python features. (Any four) 2M

Ans  Easy to Learn and Use 2M (1/2 M each)

 Interactive Mode Any Four
 Expressive Language
 Interpreted Language
 Cross-platform Language
 Portable
 Free and Open Source
 Object-Oriented Language
 Extensible
 Large Standard Library
 GUI Programming Support
 Integrated
 Databases
 Scalable
b) List comparision operators in Python. 2M

Ans Comparison operators in Python are 2M (1M each)

Operator Meaning
== Equal to
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!= Not Equal to
< Less than
> Greater than
<= Less than and Equal to
>= Greater than and Equal to
c) Describe Tuples in Python. 2M

Ans A tuple is a collection of items which is ordered and unchangeable. 2M for

Tuples are the sequence or series values of different types separated by commas (,). Definition.
Example: tup1=(10,20,30)

d) Write use of lambda function in python. 2M

Ans The lambda function, which is also called anonymous function. A lambda function can 2M for use
take any number of arguments, but can only have one expression.
Syntax: lambda arguments : expression
Example: x= lambda a,b : a*b
Print(x(10,5)
Output: 50
e) Write syntax of defining class in Python. 2M

Ans class <ClassName>: 2M for syntax

<statement1>
<statement2>
.
.
<statementN>

f) List file operations in Python. 2M

Ans  Opening file (using open() function) 2M

 Reading file (using read() function)
 Writing file (using write() function)
 Copy files
 Delete files (using remove() function)
 Closing file (Using close() function)
g) Describe indentation in Python. 2M

Ans Indentation refers to the spaces at the beginning of a code line. Python indentation 2M
refers to adding white space before a statement to a particular block of code. In another
word, all the statements with the same space to the right, belong to the same code
block.

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2. Attempt any THREE of the following: 12 M

a) Describe bitwise operators in Python with example. 4M

Ans Bitwise operators acts on bits and performs bit by bit operation. Assume a=10 (1010) 4M (for any
and b=4 (0100) four, 1M each)
Operator Meaning Description Example
& Binary AND This operation a &b =
performs AND 1010 &
operation 0100 =
between 0000 =0
operands.
Operator copies a
bit, to the result,
if it exists in both
operands
| Binary OR This operation a|b = 1010 |
performs OR 0100 =
operation 1110 = 14
between
operands. It
copies a bit, if it
exists in either
operand.
^ Binary XOR This operation a^b=1010 ^
performs XOR 0100 =
operations 1110 =14
between
operands. It
copies the bit, if it
is set in one
operand but not
both.
~ Binary Ones It is unary ~a= ~ 1010
Complement operator and has = 0101
the effect of
'flipping' bits i.e.
opposite the bits
of operand.
<< Binary Left The left operand's a<<2 =
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Shift value is moved 1010 << 2
left by the =101000 =
number of bits 40
specified by the
right operand.
>> Binary Right The left operand's a>>2 =
Shift value is moved 1010 >> 2
right by the =0010 = 2
number of bits
specified by the
right operand.
b) Write any four methods of dictionary. 4M

Ans 4M (any four,

1M each)

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c) What is local and global variables? Explain with appropriate example. 4M

Ans  Global variables: global variables can be accessed throughout the program 4M (2M for
body by all functions. explanation
 Local variables: local variables can be accessed only inside the function in and 2M for
which they are declared example)
Concept Diagram:

A global variable (x) can be reached and modified anywhere in the code, local
variable (z) exists only in block 3.
Example:
g=10 #global variable g
def test():
l=20 #local variable l
print("local variable=",l)
# accessing global variable
print("Global variable=",g)

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test()
print("global variable=",g)

output:
local variable= 20
Global variable= 10
global variable= 10

d) Write python program to illustrate if else ladder. 4M

Ans i = 20 4M (for correct

if (i == 10): program and
print ("i is 10") logic)
elif (i == 15):
print ("i is 15")
elif (i == 20):
print ("i is 20")
else:
print ("i is not present")

output:
i is 20
(Similar type of program can consider)

3. Attempt any THREE of the following: 12 M

a) Write basis operations of list. 4M

Ans 1)Accessing values in list: Any two

Accessing elements liters from a list in Python is a method to get values that are stared operations:
in the list at a particular location or index.
To access values in lists, use the square brackets for slicing along with the index or 2 M for each
indices to obtain value available at that index.
Example: accessing list values.
>>> list1 = ["one","two",3,10,"six",20]
>>> list1[0]
'one'
>>> list1[-2]
'six'
>>> list1[1:3]
['two', 3]
>>> list1[3:]
[10, 'six', 20]
>>> list1[:4]
['one', 'two', 3, 10]
>>>

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2) Deleting Values in List
The pop() method in Python is used to remove a particular item/element from the given
index in the list. The pop() method removes and returns the last item if index is not
provided. This helps us implement lists as stacks (first in, last out data structure).
>>> list= [10, 20, 30, 40]
>>> list
[10, 20, 30, 40]
30
>>> list
[10, 20, 40]
>>> list.pop()
40
>>> list
[10, 30]
We can delete one or more items from a list using the keyword del. It can even delete
the list entirely. But it does not store the value for further use
>>> list= [10, 20, 30, 40]
>>> list
[10, 20, 30, 40]
>>> del (list[1]) # del() with index
>>> list
[10, 30, 40]
>>> del list[2] # del with index
>>> list
[10, 30]
The remove() method in Python issued to remove a particular element from the list. We
use the remove() method if we know the item that we want to remove or delete from the
list (but not the index).
>>> list=[10,"one",20,"two"]
>>> list.remove(20)
>>> list
[10, 'one', 'two']
>>> list.remove("one")
>>> list
[10, 'two']
>>>

3. Updating Lists:
• List are mutable, meaning their elements can be changed or updated unlike string or
tuple.
• Mutability is the ability for certain types of data to be changed without entirely
recreating it. Using
mutable data types can allow programs to operate quickly and efficiently.

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• Multiple values can be added into list. We can use assignment operator (=) to change
an item or a
range of items.
• We can update items of the list by simply assigning the value at the particular index
position. We
can also remove the items from the list using remove() or pop() or del statement.

>>> list1= [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]

>>> list1
[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]
>>> list1[0]=0 # change 0th index element
>>> list1
[0, 20, 30, 40, 50]
>>> list1[-1]=60 # change last index element
>>> list1
[0, 20, 30, 40, 60]
>>> list1[1]=[5,10] # change 1st index element as sublist
>>> list1
[0, [5, 10], 30, 40, 60]
>>> list1[1:1]=[3,4] # add elements to a list at the desired location
>>> list1
[0, 3, 4, [5, 10], 30, 40, 60]

4 Indexing
There are various ways in which we can access the elements of a list.
List Index: We can use the index operator [] to access an item in a list. Index starts
from 0. So, a list having 5 elements will have index from 0 to 4.
Example:
>>> list1=[10,20,30,40,50]
>>> list1[0]
10
>>> list1[4]
50
>>> list1[1:3]
[20, 30]

5. List Slicing
The slicing operator returns a subset of a list called slice by specifying two indices, i.e.
start and end.
Syntax:
List_variable[start_index:end_index]
Example:
>>> l1=([10,20,30,40,50])
>>> l1[1:4]
[20, 30, 40]
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b) Write Python code for finding greatest among four numbers. 4M

Ans list1 = [ ] Any correct

num = int(input("Enter number of elements in list: ")) logic program
for i in range(1, num + 1): 4M
element = int(input("Enter elements: "))
list1.append(element)
print("Largest element is:", max(list1))
Output:
Enter number of elements in list: 4
Enter elements: 10
Enter elements: 20
Enter elements: 45
Enter elements: 20
Largest element is: 45
c) Illustrate with example method over loading. 4M

Ans • Method overloading is the ability to define the method with the same name but with a Explanation
different number of arguments and data types. 1 M and
• With this ability one method can perform different tasks, depending on the number of Example 3 M
arguments or the types of the arguments given.
• Method overloading is a concept in which a method in a class performs operations
according to the parameters passed to it.
Example: With a method to perform different operations using method overloading.
class operation:
def add(self,a,b):
return a+b
op1=operation()
# To add two integer numbers
print("Addition of integer numbers=",op1.add(10,20))
# To add two floting point numbers
print("Addition of integer numbers=",op1.add(11.12,12.13))
# To add two strings
print("Addition of integer numbers=",op1.add("Hello","Python"))
Output:
Addition of integer numbers= 30
Addition of integer numbers= 23.25
Addition of integer numbers= HelloPython
Python does not support method overloading, that is, it is not possible to define more
than one method with the same name in a class in Python.
• This is because method arguments in python do not have a type. A method accepting
one argument can be called with an integer value, a string or a double as shown in next
example.
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class Demo:
def method(self, a):
print(a)
obj= Demo()
obj.method(50)
obj.method('Meenakshi')
obj.method(100.2)
Output:
50
Meenakshi
100.2
d) Explain how try-catch block is used for exception handling in python. 4M

Ans • In Python, exceptions can be handled using a try statement. A try block Proper
consisting of one or more statements is used by programmers to partition code explanation
that might be affected by an exception.
• A critical operation which can raise exception is placed inside the try clause and the 4 M
code that handles exception is written in except clause.
• The associated except blocks are used to handle any resulting exceptions thrown in
the try block. That is we want the try block to succeed and if it does not succeed, we
want to control to pass to the catch block.
• If any statement within the try block throws an exception, control immediately shifts
to the catch block. If no exception is thrown in the try block, the catch block is skipped.
• There can be one or more except blocks. Multiple except blocks with different
exception names can be chained together.
• The except blocks are evaluated from top to bottom in the code, but only one except
block is executed for each exception that is thrown.
• The first except block that specifies the exact exception name of the thrown exception
is executed. If no except block specifies a matching exception name then an except
block that does not have an exception name is selected, if one is present in the code.
• For handling exception in Python, the exception handler block needs to be written
which consists of set of statements that need to be executed according to raised
exception. There are three blocks that are used in the exception handling process,
namely, try, except and finally.
1. try Block: A set of statements that may cause error during runtime are to be written
in the try
block.
2. except Block: It is written to display the execution details to the user when certain
exception occurs in the program. The except block executed only when a certain type as
exception occurs in the execution of statements written in the try block.

Syntax:
try:
D the operations here
......................

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except Exception1:
If there is Exception1, then execute this block.
except Exception2:
If there is Exception2, then execute this block.
......................
else:
If there is no exception then execute this block.

Example: For try-except clause/statement.

n=10
m=0
try:
n/m
except ZeroDivisionError:
print("Divide by zero error")
else:
print (n/m)
Output:
Divide by zero error

4. Attempt any THREE of the following: 12 M

a) Compare list and dictionary. (Any 4 points) 4M

Ans List Dictionary Any four point,

List is a collection of index values pairs Dictionary is a hashed structure of 1 M for 1 point
as that of array in c++. key and value pairs.

List is created by placing elements in [ ] Dictionary is created by placing

separated by commas “, “ elements in { } as “key”:”value”,
each key value pair is separated by
commas “, “

The indices of list are integers starting The keys of dictionary can be of any
from 0. data type.

The elements are accessed via indices. The elements are accessed via key-
values.

The order of the elements entered are There is no guarantee for

maintained. maintaining order.

b) What is command line argument? Write python code to add b) two 4M

numbers given as input from command line arguments and print its sum.

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Ans Python Command line arguments are input parameters passed to the script when 1 M for
executing them. Almost all programming language provide support for command line definition and
arguments. Then we also have command line options to set some specific options for 3 M for
the program. program
There are many options to read python command line arguments. The three most
common ones are:
Python sys.argv
Python getopt module
Python argparse module

Program:
import sys
x=int(sys.argv[1])
y=int(sys.argv[2])
sum=x+y
print("The addition is :",sum)

Output:
C:\Python34\python sum.py 6 4
The addition is : 10
c) Write python code to count frequency of each characters in a given file. 4M

Ans import collections Any proper

import pprint logic program
file_input = input('File Name: ') 4M
with open(file_input, 'r') as info:
count = collections.Counter(info.read().upper())
value = pprint.pformat(count)
print(value)
d) Write python program to read contents of abc.txt and write same content to 4M
pqr.txt.
Ans with open('abs.txt','r') as firstfile, open('prq.txt','w') as secondfile: Any proper
# read content from first file logic program
for line in firstfile: for 4 M
# write content to second file
secondfile.write(line)

5. Attempt any TWO of the following: 12 M

a) Write different data types in python with suitable example. 6M

Ans Data types in Python programming includes:

 Numbers: Represents numeric data to perform mathematical operations.
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 String: Represents text characters, special symbols or alphanumeric data.
 List: Represents sequential data that the programmer wishes to sort, merge etc.
6m for data
 Tuple: Represents sequential data with a little difference from list. types
 Dictionary: Represents a collection of data that associate a unique key with each
value.
 Boolean: Represents truth-values (true or false).

1. Integers (int Data Type): An integer is a whole number that can be positive (+) or
negative (−). Integers can be of any length, it is only limited by the memory available.
Example: For number data types are integers.
>>>a=10
>>>b -10
To determine the type of a variable type() function is used.
>>>type(a)
>>> <class 'int'>

2. Boolean (Bool Data Type: The simplest build-in type in Python is the bool type, it
represents the truth-values False and True. Internally the true value is represented as
1 and false is 0.
For example
>>>a = 18 > 5
>>>print(a)
True
b=2>3
print(b)
False

3. Floating-Point/Float Numbers (Float Data Type): Floating-point number or Float is

a positive or negative number with a fractional part. A floating point number is
accurate up to 15 decimal places. Integer and floating points are separated by decimal
points. 1 is integer, 1.0 is floating point number.
Example: Floating point number.
x=10.1
type(x)
<class 'float'>

4. Complex Numbers (Complex Data Type): Complex numbers are written in the form,
x + yj, where x is the real part and y is the imaginary part.
Example:
Complex number.
>>>x = 3+4j
>>>print(x.real)
3.0
>>>print(x.imag)
4.0

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5. String Data Type: String is a collection of group of characters. Strings are identified
as a contiguous set of characters enclosed in single quotes (' ') or double quotes (" ").
Any letter, a number or a symbol could be a part of the string. Strings are
unchangeable (immutable). Once a string is created, it cannot be modified.
Example: For string data type.
>>> s1="Hello" #string in double quotes
>>> s2='Hi' #string in single quotes
>>> s3="Don't open the door" #single quote string in double quotes
>>> s4='I said "yipee"' #double quote string in single quotes
>>>type(s1)
<class 'str'>

6. List Data Type: List is an ordered sequence of items. It is one of the most used
datatype in Python and is very flexible.
List can contain heterogeneous values such as integers, floats, strings, tuples, lists and
dictionaries but they are commonly used to store collections of homogeneous objects.
The list datatype in Python programming is just like an array that can store a group of
elements and we can refer to these elements using a single name. Declaring a list is
pretty straight forward. Items separated by commas ( , ) are enclosed within brackets [
].
Example: For list.
>>> first=[10, 20, 30] # homogenous values in list
>>> second=["One","Two","Three"] # homogenous values in list
>>> first
[10, 20, 30]
>>> second
['One', 'Two', 'Three']
>>> first + second # prints the concatenated lists
[10, 20, 30, 'One', 'Two', 'Three']

7. Tuple Data Type: Tuple is an ordered sequence of items same as list. The only
difference is that tuples are immutable.
Tuples once created cannot be modified. It is defined within parentheses ( ) where
items are separated by commas ( , ).
A tuple data type in python programming is similar to a list data type, which also
contains heterogeneous items/elements.
Example: For tuple.
>>> a=(10,'abc',1+3j)
>>> a
(10, 'abc', (1+3j))
>>> a[0]
10
>>> a[0]=20
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<pyshell#12>", line 1, in <module>

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8. Dictionary: Dictionary is an unordered collection of key-value pairs. It is the same as
the hash table type. The order of elements in a dictionary is undefined, but we can
iterate over the following:
o The key
o The value
o The items (key-value pairs) in a dictionary.
When we have the large amount of data, the dictionary data type is used. Items in
dictionaries are enclosed in curly braces { } and separated by the comma (,). A colon (:)
is used to separate key from value. Values can be assigned and accessed using square
braces ([]).
Example: For dictionary data type.
>>> dic1={1:"First","Second":2}
>>> dic1
{1: 'First', 'Second': 2}
>>> type(dic1)
<class 'dict'>
>>> dic1[3]="Third"
>>> dic1
{1: 'First', 'Second': 2, 3: 'Third'}
>>> dic1.keys()
dict_keys([1, 'Second', 3])
>>> dic1.values()
dict_values(['First', 2, 'Third'])
>>>

b) Example module. How to define module. 6M

Ans A module allows you to logically organize your Python code. Grouping related code 2 M for
into a module makes the code easier to understand and use. A module is a Python module
object with arbitrarily named attributes that you can bind and reference. explanation

Simply, a module is a file consisting of Python code. A module can define functions,
classes and variables. A module can also include runnable code.
Example
The Python code for a module named aname normally resides in a file named
aname.py. Here's an example of a simple module, support.py 2 M for
creating
def print_func( par ): module
print "Hello : ", par
return
To create a module just save the code you want in a file with the file extension .py:
Example
Save this code in a file named mymodule.py
def greeting(name):
print("Hello, " + name)
Now we can use the module we just created, by using the import statement: 2 M for
accessing/using
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Example module
Import the module named mymodule, and call the greeting function:
import mymodule
mymodule.greeting("ABC")
c) Write python program to perform following operations on Set (Instead of 6M
Tuple)

i) Create set
ii) Access set Element
iii) Update set
iv) Delete set

Ans # To Create set

S={10,20,30,40,50}
6m for any
# To Access Elements from set suitable
print (S) program

#To add element into set using add method

S.add(60) (If students
print(S) attempted with
“set” give
#To update set using update method marks as per
S.update(['A','B']) marking
print(S) scheme)

#To Delete element from Set using discard() method OR

S.discard(30) (If students
print(S) attempted with
“Tuple”
#To delete element from set using remove() method
S.remove('A') Then
print(S)
2M-create
#To delete element from set using pop() method Tuple
S.pop() 2M-Access
print(S) tuple

output: 2M-delete
{50, 20, 40, 10, 30} Tuple)
{50, 20, 40, 10, 60, 30}
{'B', 50, 20, 'A', 40, 10, 60, 30}
{'B', 50, 20, 'A', 40, 10, 60}
{'B', 50, 20, 40, 10, 60}
{50, 20, 40, 10, 60}

(Any other suitable example can consider)

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*If students have attempted by using “Tuple” then

#To create tuple

tuple1=(10,20,30,40,50)
print (tuple1)
#Access tuple values
print (tuple1[1])
print (tuple1[0:3])
# deleting tuple
del tuple1
print (tuple1)

output:
(10, 20, 30, 40, 50)
20
(10, 20, 30)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Users\Vijay Patil\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\temp.py", line
9, in <module>
print (tuple1)
NameError: name 'tuple1' is not defined. Did you mean: 'tuple'?

6. Attempt any TWO of the following: 12 M

a) Explain mutable and immutable data structures. 6M

Ans The data types in Python are divided in two categories: 3m for mutable
Immutable data types – Values cannot be changed. Immutable data types in Python are data structure
1. Numbers and 3m for
2. String immutable data
3. Tuple structure
Mutable data types – Values can be changed. Mutable data types in Python are:
1. List
2. Dictionaries
3. Sets

1. Numbers
Python supports integers, floats and complex numbers.
An integer is a number without decimal point for example 5, 6, 10 etc.
A float is a number with decimal point for example 6.7, 6.0, 10.99 etc.
A complex number has a real and imaginary part for example 7+8j, 8+11j etc.

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Example:

# int
num1 = 10
num2 = 100

# float
a = 10.5
b = 8.9

# complex numbers
x = 3 + 4j
y = 9 + 8j

2. String
A string is usually a bit of text (sequence of characters). In Python we use ” (double
quotes) or ‘ (single quotes) to represent a string.
There are several ways to create strings in Python:
1. We can use ‘ (single quotes), see the string str in the following code.
2. We can use ” (double quotes), see the string str2 in the source code below.

3. Triple double quotes “”” and triple single quotes ”’ are used for creating multi-line
strings in Python.
Example:
str = 'beginnersbook'
str2 = "Chaitanya"
# multi-line string
str3 = """Welcome to
Pythonsbook"""

str4 = '''This is a tech

paper'''

3. Tuple
In Python, a tuple is similar to List except that the objects in tuple are immutable which
means we cannot change the elements of a tuple once assigned. On the other hand, we
can change the elements of a list.
To create a tuple in Python, place all the elements in a () parenthesis, separated by
commas. A tuple can have heterogeneous data items, a tuple can have string and list as
data items as well.
Example
# tuple of strings
my_data = ("hi", "hello", "bye")
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# tuple of int, float, string

my_data2 = (1, 2.8, "Hello World")

# tuple of string and list

my_data3 = ("Book", [1, 2, 3])

# tuples inside another tuple

# nested tuple
my_data4 = ((2, 3, 4), (1, 2, "hi"))

4. List
A list is a data type that allows you to store various types data in it. List is a compound
data type which means you can have different-2 data types under a list, for example we
can have integer, float and string items in a same list.
To create a list all you have to do is to place the items inside a square bracket []
separated by comma ,.`
Example:
# list of floats
num_list = [11.22, 9.9, 78.34, 12.0]

# list of int, float and strings

mix_list = [1.13, 2, 5, "beginnersbook", 100, "hi"]

# an empty list
nodata_list = []

5. Dictionaries
Dictionary is a mutable data type in Python. A python dictionary is a collection of key
and value pairs separated by a colon (:), enclosed in curly braces {}.
Left side of the colon(:) is the key and right side of the : is the value.
mydict = {'StuName': 'Ajeet', 'StuAge': 30, 'StuCity': 'Agra'}

6. Sets
Set is an unordered and unindexed collection of items in Python. Unordered means
when we display the elements of a set, it will come out in a random order. Unindexed
means, we cannot access the elements of a set using the indexes like we can do in list
and tuples.
The elements of a set are defined inside curly brackets and are separated by commas.
For example –
myset = {1, 2, 3, 4, "hello"}

b) Design a class student with data members; Name, roll number address. 6M

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Create suitable method for reading and printing students details.
Ans class Student: 2 M for class
definition
def getStudentDetails(self):
self.rollno=input("Enter Roll Number : ")
self.name = input("Enter Name : ")

self.address =input("Enter Address : ")

def printStudentDetails(self):
2 M to define
print(self.rollno,self.name, self.address) functions
S1=Student()
S1.getStudentDetails()
print("Student Details ")
S1.printStudentDetails ()

Output: 2 M to create
objects
Enter Roll Number : 001
Enter Name : ABC
Enter Address : New York
Student Details :
001 ABC New York
(Any suitable program can consider)
c) Create a parent class named Animals and a child class Herbivorous which will 6M
extend the class Animal. In the child class Herbivorous over side the method feed (
). Create a object
Ans # parent class 2 M to create
class Animal: parent class
# properties
multicellular = True
# Eukaryotic means Cells with Nucleus
eukaryotic = True

# function breath 2 M to define

def breathe(self): child class
print("I breathe oxygen.")

# function feed
def feed(self):
print("I eat food.")
2 M to create
# child class object and call
class Herbivorous(Animal): function
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# function feed
def feed(self):
print("I eat only plants. I am vegetarian.")

herbi = Herbivorous()

herbi.feed()
# calling some other function
herbi.breathe()

Output:
I eat only plants. I am vegetarian.
I breathe oxygen.

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SUMMER – 2023 EXAMINATION
Model Answer – Only for the Use of RAC Assessors

Subject Name: Programming with Python Subject Code: 22616

Important Instructions to examiners: XXXXX
1) The answers should be examined by key words and not as word-to-word as given in the model answer scheme.
2) The model answer and the answer written by candidate may vary but the examiner may try to assess the
understanding level of the candidate.
3) The language errors such as grammatical, spelling errors should not be given more Importance (Not applicable for
subject English and Communication Skills.
4) While assessing figures, examiner may give credit for principal components indicated in the figure. The figures
drawn by candidate and model answer may vary. The examiner may give credit for any equivalent figure drawn.
5) Credits may be given step wise for numerical problems. In some cases, the assumed constant values may vary and
there may be some difference in the candidate’s answers and model answer.
6) In case of some questions credit may be given by judgement on part of examiner of relevant answer based on
candidate’s understanding.
7) For programming language papers, credit may be given to any other program based on equivalent concept.
8) As per the policy decision of Maharashtra State Government, teaching in English/Marathi and Bilingual (English +
Marathi) medium is introduced at first year of AICTE diploma Programme from academic year 2021-2022. Hence if
the students in first year (first and second semesters) write answers in Marathi or bilingual language (English
+Marathi), the Examiner shall consider the same and assess the answer based on matching of concepts with model
answer.

Q. Sub Answer Marking

No. Q. Scheme
N.

1 Attempt any FIVE of the following: 10 M

a) List features of Python. 2M

Ans Features of Python are listed below: Any 2,

• Easy to Learn and Use 1 M each
• Interpreted Language
• Interactive Mode
• Free and Open Source
• Platform Independence/Cross-platform Language/Portable
• Object-Oriented Language
• Extensible
b) Describe membership operators in python 2M

Ans • The membership operators in Python are used to find the existence of a particular 2 M for
element in the sequence, and used only with sequences like string, tuple, list, proper
dictionary etc. explanation
• Membership operators are used to check an item or an element that is part of a
string, a list or a tuple. A membership operator reduces the effort of searching an
element in the list.

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• Python provides ‘in’ and ‘not in’ operators which are called membership
operators and used to test whether a value or variable is in a sequence.
c) Write down the output of the following Python code 2M
>>>indices-['zero','one','two',' three,' four, five']
i) >>>indices[:4]
ii) >>>indices[:-2]
Ans Output as follows: 1 M for
i) >>>indices[:4] each
[zero, one, two, three] correct
ii) >>>indices[:-2] output
[zero, one, two, three]

d) Describe any two data conversion function. 2M

Ans • int(x [,base]): Converts x to an integer. base specifies the base if x is a Any 2
string. Conversion
Example: x=int('1100',base=2)=12 function
• long(x [,base]): Converts x to a long integer. base specifies the base if x is 2M
a string.
Example: x=long(‘123’base=8)=83L
• float(x): Converts x to a floating point number.
Example: x=float('123.45')=123.45
• complex(real[,imag]) : Creates a complex number.
Example: x=complex(1,2) = (1+2j)
• str(x): Converts object x to a string representation.
Example: x=str(10) = ‘10’
• repr(x): Converts object x to an expression string
Example: x=repr(3) = 3
• repr(x): Evaluates a string and returns an object.
Example: x=eval('1+2') = 3
• tuple(s): Converts s to a tuple
Example:
x=tuple('123') = ('1', '2', '3')
x=tuple([123]) = (123,)
• list(s): Converts s to a list
Example:
x=list('123') = ['1', '2', '3']
x=list(['12'] = ['12']
• set(s): Converts s to a set
Example:
x=set('Python')
= {'y', 't', 'o', 'P', 'n', 'h'}
• dict(d): Creates a dictionary. d must be a sequence of (key, value) tuples.

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Example:
dict={'id':'11','name':'vijay'}
print(dict)
={'id': '11', 'name': 'vijay'}
• chr(x): Converts an integer to a character.
Example: x=chr(65) = ‘A’
• unichr(x): Converts an integer to a Unicode character
Example: x=unichr(65) =u’A’
• ord(x): Converts a single character to its integer value.
Example: x=ord('A')= 65
• hex(x): Converts an integer to a hexadecimal string.
Example: x=hex(12) = 0xc
• oct(x): Converts an integer to an octal string.
Example: x=oct(8) = 0o10

e) With neat example explain default constructor concept in Python. 2M

Ans The default constructor is simple constructor which does not accept any arguments. It’s Explanation
definition has only one argument which is a reference to the instance being constructed. 1 M,
Example
Example 1: Display Hello message using default constructor. 1M

class Student:

def _ _init_ _(self):

print("This is non parametrized constructor")

def show(self,name):

print("Hello",name)

s1 = Student()

s1.show("Student1")

Output:

This is non parametrized constructor

Hello Student1

f) Describe mkdir() function. 2M

Ans • We can make a new directory using the mkdir() method. Explanation
• This method takes in the path of the new directory. If the full path is not specified, 2M
the new directory is created in the current working directory.

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Syntax: os.mkdir(“newdir”)

Example:

>>> import os

>>> os.mkdir("testdir")

g) Describe Multiline comment in python. 2M

Ans • In some situations, multiline documentation is required for a program. If we have 2 M for
comments that extend multiple lines, one way of doing it is to use hash (#) in the proper
beginning of each line. Another way of doing this is to use quotation marks, either explanation
''' or """.
• Similarly, when it sees the triple quotation marks ''' it scans for the next ''' and
ignores any text in between the triple quotation marks.
Example: For multiline comment.

'''This is first python program

Print is a statement'''

2. Attempt any THREE of the following: 12 M

a) Describe Keyword "continue" with example. 4M

Ans • The continue statement in Python returns the control to the beginning of the while Explanation
loop. 2M,
• The continue statement rejects all the remaining statements in the current iteration Example
of the loop and moves the control back to the top of the loop. 2M

Syntax: continue

Example: For continue statement.

i=0

while i<10:

i=i+1

if i==5:

continue

print("i= ",i)

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Output:

i=1
i=2
i=3
i=4
i=6
i=7
i=8
i=9
i=10
b) Explain creating Dictionary and accessing Dictionary Elements with 4M
example.
Ans Creating Dictionary Creating
Dictionary
The simplest method to create dictionary is to simply assign the pair of key:values explanation
to the dictionary using operator (=). with example
• There are two ways for creation of dictionary in python. 2 M,
1. We can create a dictionary by placing a comma-separated list of key:value Accessing
pairs in curly braces{}. Each key is separated from its associated value by a Dictionary
colon: Element with
Example: For creating a dictionary using { }. example 2 M
>>> dict1={} #Empty dictionary
>>> dict1
{}
>>> dict2={1:"Orange", 2:"Mango", 3:"Banana"} #Dictionary with
integer keys
>>> dict2
{1: 'Orange', 2: 'Mango', 3: 'Banana'}
>>> dict3={"name":"vijay", 1:[10,20]} #Dictionary with mixed keys
>>> dict3
{'name': 'vijay', 1: [10, 20]}

2. Python provides a build-in function dict() for creating a dictionary

Example: Creating directory using dict().

>>> d1=dict({1:"Orange",2:"Mango",3:"Banana"})
>>> d2=dict([(1,"Red"),(2,"Yellow"),(3,"Green")])
>>> d3=dict(one=1, two=2, three=3)
>>> d1
{1: 'Orange', 2: 'Mango', 3: 'Banana'}
>>> d2
{1: 'Red', 2: 'Yellow', 3: 'Green'}
>>> d3
{'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3}

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Accessing Values in a Dictionary
• We can access the items of a dictionary by following ways:
1. Referring to its key name, inside square brackets([]).
Example: For accessing dictionary items [ ] using.
>>> dict1={'name':'vijay','age':40}
>>> dict1['name']
'vijay'
>>> dict1['adr']
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<pyshell#79>", line 1, in <module>
dict1['adr']
KeyError: 'adr'
>>>
Here, if we refer to a key that is not in the dictionary, you’ll get an
exception. This error can be avoided by using get() method.

2. Using get() method returns the value for key if key is in the dictionary, else
None, so that this method never raises a KeyError.
Example: For accessing dictionary elements by get().
>>> dict1={'name':'vijay','age':40}
>>> dict1.get('name')
'vijay'

c) Explain any four Python's Built-in Function with example. 4M

Ans • len(list) Any 4 Built-

It returns the length of the list. in function
Example: with example
>>> list1 4M
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
>>> len(list1)
5
• max(list)
It returns the item that has the maximum value in a list
Example:
>>> list1
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
>>> max(list1)
5

• sum(list)
Calculates sum of all the elements of list.
Example:
>>>list1
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
>>>sum(list1)

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15

• min(list)
It returns the item that has the minimum value in a list.
Example:
>>> list1
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
>>> min(list1)
1

• list(seq)
It converts a tuple into a list.
Example:

>>> list1
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
>>> list(list1)
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
• abs(n)
It returns the absolute value of a number.
Example:
>>> abs(10)
10

• all()
The all() function returns True if all items in an iterable are true, otherwise it
returns False.
Example:
>>> x=[True, True, True]
>>> all(x)
True

• any()
The any() function returns True if any item in an iterable are true, otherwise it
returns False. If the iterable object is empty, the any() function will return False.
Example:
>>> x=[True, False, True]
>>> any(x)
True

• bin()
The bin() function returns the binary version of a specified integer. The result
will always start >>> bin(10)
Example:

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'0b1010'
with the prefix 0b.

• bool()
The bool() function returns the boolean value of a specified object.
Example:
>>> bool(1)
True

• exp()
The method exp() returns returns exponential of x: ex.
x: This is a numeric expression.

Example:
>>> math.exp(1)
2.718281828459045
>>>

d) Write a Python program to find the factorial of a number provided by the 4M

user.

Ans num=int(input("Enter Number:")) Correct

fact=1 program
if num< 0: 4M
print("Sorry, factorial does not exist for negative numbers")
elif num == 0:
print("The factorial of 0 is 1")
else:
for i in range(1,num + 1):
fact=fact*i
print("The factorial of ",num," is ",fact)

Output:
Enter Number: 5
The factorial of 5 is 120

3. Attempt any THREE of the following: 12 M

a) Write a python program to input any two tuples and interchange the tuple 4M
variables.

Ans def interchange_tuples(tup1, tup2): Any correct

programming

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new_tup1 = tup2 logic 4 M
new_tup2 = tup1
return new_tup1, new_tup2
# Input two tuples
tuple1 = tuple(input("Enter the elements of the first tuple (separated by commas):
").split(","))
tuple2 = tuple(input("Enter the elements of the second tuple (separated by commas):
").split(","))

# Interchange the tuples

result_tuple1, result_tuple2 = interchange_tuples(tuple1, tuple2)

# Display the result

print("Interchanged tuples:")
print("Tuple 1:", result_tuple1)
print("Tuple 2:", result_tuple2)
output:
Enter the elements of the first tuple (separated by commas): 10,20
Enter the elements of the second tuple (separated by commas): 30,40
Interchanged tuples:
Tuple 1: ('30', '40')
Tuple 2: ('10', '20')

b) Explain Bitwise operator in Python with appropriate example. 4M

Ans Bitwise operators available in Python: Any four

operator
1) Bitwise AND (&): Performs a bitwise AND operation on the corresponding bits (Each for 1
of two numbers. Each bit of the output is 1 if the corresponding bits of both M)
operands are 1; otherwise, it is 0.
Example:
a = 10 # binary: 1010
b = 6 # binary: 0110

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result = a & b
print(result) # Output: 2 (binary: 0010)
2) Bitwise OR (|): Performs a bitwise OR operation on the corresponding bits of two
numbers. Each bit of the output is 0 if the corresponding bits of both operands are
0; otherwise, it is 1.
Example:
a = 10 # binary: 1010
b = 6 # binary: 0110
result = a | b
print(result) # Output: 14 (binary: 1110)
3) Bitwise XOR (^): Performs a bitwise XOR (exclusive OR) operation on the
corresponding bits of two numbers. Each bit of the output is 1 if the
corresponding bits of the operands are different; otherwise, it is 0.
Example:
a = 10 # binary: 1010
b = 6 # binary: 0110
result = a ^ b
print(result) # Output: 12 (binary: 1100)
4) Bitwise NOT (~): Performs a bitwise NOT operation on a single operand, which
inverts all the bits. It returns the complement of the given number.
Example:
a = 10 # binary: 1010
result = ~a
print(result) # Output: -11 (binary: -1011)
5) Bitwise left shift (<<): Shifts the bits of the left operand to the left by a specified
number of positions. Zeros are shifted in from the right side.
Example:
a = 10 # binary: 1010
result = a << 2
print(result) # Output: 40 (binary: 101000)
6) Bitwise right shift (>>): Shifts the bits of the left operand to the right by a

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specified number of positions. Zeros are shifted in from the left side.
Example:
a = 10 # binary: 1010
result = a >> 2

print(result) # Output: 2 (binary: 10)

c) With neat example differentiate between readline () and readlines ( ) 4M

functions in file-handling.

Ans readline(): This method reads a single line from the file and returns it as a string. It moves readline()
the file pointer to the next line after reading. If called again, it will read the subsequent explanation
line. for 1 M and
Example for
# Open the file in read mode 1M
file = open("example.txt", "r") and
readlines()
# Read the first line
explanation
line1 = file.readline() for 1 M and
Example for
print(line1) 1M

# Read the second line

line2 = file.readline()
print(line2)

# Close the file

file.close()
readlines(): This method reads all lines from the file and returns them as a list of strings.
Each line is an individual element in the list. It reads the entire file content and stores it in
memory.
Example:
# Open the file in read mode
file = open("example.txt", "r")

# Read all lines

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lines = file.readlines()

# Close the file

file.close()
# Print each line
for line in lines:
print(line)

d) Describe 'Self Parameter with example. 4M

Ans In Python, the self parameter is a convention used in object-oriented programming (OOP) Explanation
to refer to the instance of a class within the class itself. It allows you to access the 2 M and
attributes and methods of the class from within its own methods. The name self is not a
example 2
keyword in Python, but it is widely adopted and recommended as a convention.
M
Example:
class Car:
def __init__(self, make, model, year):
self.make = make
self.model = model
self.year = year

def get_info(self):
info = f"Make: {self.make}, Model: {self.model}, Year: {self.year}"
return info

def start_engine(self):
print("Engine started!")

# Create an instance of the Car class

my_car = Car("Toyota", "Corolla", 2022)

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# Access the attributes using the self parameter
print(my_car.make) # Output: Toyota
print(my_car.model) # Output: Corolla
print(my_car.year) # Output: 2022

# Call the method using the self parameter

car_info = my_car.get_info()
print(car_info) # Output: Make: Toyota, Model: Corolla, Year: 2022

# Call the method that does not require any additional parameters
my_car.start_engine() # Output: Engine started!

4. Attempt any THREE of the following: 12 M

a) Differentiate between list and Tuple. 4M

Ans Any 4
correct point
List Tuple 4M
Lists are mutable Tuples are immutable

The implication of iterations is Time- The implication of iterations is

consuming comparatively Faster

The list is better for performing A Tuple data type is appropriate for
operations, such as insertion and deletion. accessing the elements

Lists consume more memory Tuple consumes less memory as

compared to the list

Lists have several built-in methods Tuple does not have many built-in
methods.

Unexpected changes and errors are more In a tuple, it is hard to take place.
likely to occur

b) Explain any four file modes in Python. 4M

Ans Sr. No. Mode Description 1 Mode for 1

1 r Opens a file for reading only. The file pointer is placed at the M
beginning of the file. This is the default mode.
2 rb Opens a file for reading only in binary format. The file pointer
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is placed at the beginning of the file. This is the default mode.
3 r+ Opens a file for both reading and writing. The file pointer placed at
the beginning of the file.
4 rb+ Opens a file for both reading and writing in binary format. The
file pointer placed at the beginning of the file.
5 w Opens a file for writing only. Overwrites the file if the file
exists. If the file does not exist, creates a new file for writing.
6 wb Opens a file for writing only in binary format. Overwrites the
file if the file exists. If the file does not exist, creates a new file
for writing
7 w+ Opens a file for both writing and reading. Overwrites the
existing file if the file exists. If the file does not exist, creates a
new file for reading and writing.
8 wb+ Opens a file for both writing and reading in binary format.
Overwrites the existing file if the file exists. If the file does not
exist, creates a new file for reading
and writing
9 a Opens a file for appending. The file pointer is at the end of the
file if the file exists. That is, the file is in the append mode. If
the file does not exist, it creates a new file for writing.
10 ab Opens a file for appending in binary format. The file pointer is
at the end of the file if the file exists. That is, the file is in the
append mode. If the file does not exist, it creates a new file for
writing
11 a+ Opens a file for both appending and reading. The file pointer
is at the end of the file if the file exists. The file opens in the
append mode. If the file does not exist, it creates a new file for
reading and writing.
12 ab+ Opens a file for both appending and reading in binary format.
The file pointer is at the end of the file if the file exists. The file
opens in the append mode. If the file does not exist, it creates
a new file for reading and writing.
13 t Opens in text mode (default).
14 b Opens in binary mode.
15 + Opens a file for updating (reading and writing).
c) Write a program to show user defined exception in Python. 4M

Ans class MyException(Exception): Any correct

logic
def __init__(self, message): program 4 M
self.message = message

# Function that raises the custom exception

def divide_numbers(a, b):

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if b == 0:
raise MyException("Division by zero is not allowed!")
return a / b

# Main program
try:
num1 = int(input("Enter the numerator: "))
num2 = int(input("Enter the denominator: "))

result = divide_numbers(num1, num2)

print("Result:", result)

except MyException as e:
print("Exception:", e.message)
Note: Any correct program of user defined exception can be considered.
Output:
Enter the numerator: 10
Enter the denominator: 0
Exception: Division by zero is not allowed!
Enter the numerator: 10
Enter the denominator: 5
Result: 2.0

d) Explain Module and its use in Python. 4M

Ans Modules are primarily the (.py) files which contain Python programming code defining Explanation
functions, class, variables, etc. with a suffix .py appended in its file name. 2 M and use
2M
• A file containing .py python code is called a module.
• If we want to write a longer program, we can use file where we can do editing,
correction. This is known as creating a script. As the program gets longer, we may want
to split it into several files for easier maintenance.
• We may also want to use a function that you’ve written in several programs without
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copying its definition into each program.
• In Python we can put definitions in a file and use them in a script or in an interactive
instance of the interpreter. Such a file is called a module.
Use of module in python :
Code organization: Modules allow you to organize related code into separate files,
making it easier to navigate and maintain large projects.
Code reusability: Modules can be imported and reused in multiple programs, enabling
code reuse and reducing duplication.
Encapsulation: Modules provide a way to encapsulate code and hide the implementation
details, allowing users to focus on the functionality provided by the module.
Name spacing: Modules help avoid naming conflicts by providing a separate namespace
for the names defined within the module.

5. Attempt any TWO of the following: 12 M

a) Write a Python Program to check if a string is palindrome Or not. 6M

Ans def is_palindrome(string): Any correct

logic
# Remove whitespace and convert to lowercase program 6M.
string = string.replace(" ", "").lower()
# Reverse the string
reversed_string = string[::-1]
# Check if the original and reversed strings are the same
if string == reversed_string:
return True
else:
return False
# Test the function
input_string = input("Enter a string: ")
if is_palindrome(input_string):
print("The string is a palindrome.")
else:

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print("The string is not a palindrome.")
output:
Enter a string: madam
The string is a palindrome.
Enter a string: abc
The string is not a palindrome.

b) Write a Python program to calculate sum of digit of given number using 6M

function.

Ans def calculate_digit_sum(number): Any correct

logic
# Convert the number to a string program 6M.
num_str = str(number)
# Initialize a variable to store the sum
digit_sum = 0
# Iterate over each character in the string
for digit in num_str:
# Convert the character back to an integer and add it to the sum
digit_sum += int(digit)
# Return the sum of the digits
return digit_sum
# Test the function
input_number = int(input("Enter a number: "))
sum_of_digits = calculate_digit_sum(input_number)
print("Sum of digits:", sum_of_digits)
output:
Enter a number: 123
Sum of digits: 6

c) Write a Python Program to accept values from user in a list and find the 6M
largest number and smallest number in a list.

Ans list = [] Any correct

logic
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num = int(input('How many numbers: ')) program 6M

for n in range(num):

numbers = int(input('Enter number '))

list.append(numbers)

print("Maximum element in the list is :", max(list), "\nMinimum element in the list is :",
min(list))

output:

How many numbers: 5

Enter number 10

Enter number 20

Enter number 30

Enter number 40

Enter number 50

Maximum element in the list is : 50

Minimum element in the list is : 10

6. Attempt any TWO of the following: 12 M

a) Explain any six set function with example. 6M

Ans 1) union():Return a new set containing the union of two or more sets 1 function
for 1 M each
Example:
set1 = {1, 2, 3}
set2 = {3, 4, 5}
union_set = set1.union(set2)
print(union_set) # Output: {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
2) Intersection:
Intersection operation performed on two sets returns all the elements which are
common or in both the sets.
Example:

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set1 = {1, 2, 3}
set2 = {2, 3, 4}
intersection_set = set1.intersection(set2)
print(intersection_set) # Output: {2, 3}
3) Difference:
Difference operation on two sets set1 and set2 returns all the elements which are
present on set1 but not in set2.
Example:
set1 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
set2 = {3, 4}
difference_set = set1.difference(set2)
print(difference_set) # Output: {1, 2, 5}
4) add(element):
This function adds an element to a set.
Example:
fruits = {"apple", "banana", "cherry"}
fruits.add("orange")
print(fruits) # Output: {'apple', 'banana', 'cherry', 'orange'}

5) remove(element):
This function removes an element from a set.
Example:
numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
numbers.remove(3)
print(numbers) # Output: {1, 2, 4, 5}
6) clear():
This function removes all elements from a set, making it an empty set.
Example:
numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}

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numbers.clear()
print(numbers) # Output: set()
7) isdisjoint():
The isdisjoint() method in Python's set class is used to check whether two sets
have any common elements. It returns True if the sets are disjoint (i.e., they have
no common elements), and False otherwise.
Example:
# Example 1
set1 = {1, 2, 3, 4}
set2 = {5, 6, 7}
set3 = {3, 4, 5}

print(set1.isdisjoint(set2)) # True, no common elements

print(set1.isdisjoint(set3)) # False, both sets have elements 3 and 4

# Example 2
fruits = {"apple", "banana", "orange"}
colors = {"red", "green", "blue"}

print(fruits.isdisjoint(colors)) # True, no common elements

# Example 3
setA = {1, 2, 3}
setB = {4, 5, 6}

print(setA.isdisjoint(setB)) # True, no common elements

8) pop():method in Python's set class is used to remove and return an arbitrary

element from the set. Since sets are unordered collections, there is no guarantee
on which element will be popped.
Example:
fruits = {"apple", "banana", "orange", "grape"}

# Remove and return an arbitrary element from the set

popped_element = fruits.pop()

print(popped_element) # Output: an arbitrary element from the set

print(fruits) # Output: the modified set after popping an element

9) update():The update() method in Python's set class is used to update a set by

adding elements from another iterable or set. It modifies the set in place by adding
all the elements from the iterable or set specified.
Example:
set1 = {1, 2, 3}
set2 = {3, 4, 5}

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set1.update(set2)

print(set1) # Output: {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}

b) Design a class student with data members : name, roll no., department, 6M
mobile no. Create suitable methods for reading and printing student
information.

Ans class Student: Any correct

logic
def __init__(self): program 6
M
self.name = ""
self.roll_no = ""
self.department = ""
self.mobile_no = ""

def read_student_info(self):
self.name = input("Enter student name: ")
self.roll_no = input("Enter roll number: ")
self.department = input("Enter department: ")
self.mobile_no = input("Enter mobile number: ")

def print_student_info(self):
print("Student Information:")
print("Name:", self.name)
print("Roll Number:", self.roll_no)
print("Department:", self.department)
print("Mobile Number:", self.mobile_no)

# Create an instance of the Student class

student = Student()

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# Read and set student information
student.read_student_info()

# Print student information

student.print_student_info()
output:
Enter student name: raj
Enter roll number: 11
Enter department: computer
Enter mobile number: 123456
Student Information:
Name: raj
Roll Number: 11
Department: computer
Mobile Number: 123456

c) With suitable example explain inheritance in Python. 6M

Ans In inheritance objects of one class procure the properties of objects of another class. Explanation
Inheritance provide code usability, which means that some of the new features can be 3 M and
added to the code while using the existing code. The mechanism of designing or Correct
constructing classes from other classes is called inheritance. example 3 M
• The new class is called derived class or child class and the class from which this
derived class has been inherited is the base class or parent class.
• In inheritance, the child class acquires the properties and can access all the data
members and functions defined in the parent class. A child class can also provide its
specific implementation to the functions of the parent class.
Syntax:
class A:
# properties of class A
class B(A):
# class B inheriting property of class A
# more properties of class B

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Example:
# Base class
class Animal:
def __init__(self, name):
self.name = name

def speak(self):
print("Animal speaks")

# Derived class inheriting from Animal

class Dog(Animal):
def speak(self):
print("Dog barks")

# Derived class inheriting from Animal

class Cat(Animal):
def speak(self):
print("Cat meows")

# Create instances of derived classes

dog = Dog("Buddy")
cat = Cat("Whiskers")

# Call the speak method of the derived classes

dog.speak() # Output: Dog barks
cat.speak() # Output: Cat meows

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PWP Model Answer Summer 2022

Programming With Python (Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University)

Studocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university

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SUMMER-2022 EXAMINATION
Subject Name: Programming with Python Model Answer Subject Code: 22616

Important Instructions to examiners:

1. The answers should be examined by key words and not as word-to-word as given in
the model answer scheme.
2. The model answer and the answer written by candidate may vary but the examiner
may try to assess the understanding level of the candidate.
3. The language errors such as grammatical, spelling errors should not be given more
Importance (Not applicable for subject English and Communication Skills.
4. While assessing figures, examiner may give credit for principal components
indicated in the figure. The figures drawn by candidate and model answer may vary.
The examiner may give credit for any equivalent figure drawn.
5. Credits may be given step wise for numerical problems. In some cases, the assumed
constant values may vary and there may be some difference in the candidate’s
answers and model answer.
6. In case of some questions credit may be given by judgement on part of examiner of
relevant answer based on candidate’s understanding.
7. For programming language papers, credit may be given to any other program based
on equivalent concept.
8. As per the policy decision of Maharashtra State Government, teaching in
English/Marathi and Bilingual (English + Marathi) medium is introduced at first year
of AICTE diploma Programme from academic year 2021-2022. Hence if the students
in first year (first and second semesters) write answers in Marathi or bilingual
language (English +Marathi), the Examiner shall consider the same and assess the
answer based on matching of concepts with model answer.

Q. Sub Answer Marking Scheme

No. Q. N.
1 Attempt Any FIVE of the following 10
a) Name different modes of Python 2M (1m each)
Python has two basic modes:
• Script (Normal Mode)
• Interactive Mode
b) List identity operators in python 2M (1m each)
Identity operators in Python are
• is
• is not
c) Give two differences between list and tuple 2M (1m for each
List Tuple difference, any 2
Lists are mutable Tuples are immutable difference)
Lists consume more memory Tuple consume less memory
as compared to the list
Lists have several built-in Tuple does not have many
methods built-in methods.
The unexpected changes and In tuple, it is hard to take
errors are more likely to occur place.

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The List has the variable The tuple has the fixed length
length
List operations are more error Tuples operations are safe
prone.
Lists can be used to store Tuples are used to store only
homogeneous and heterogeneous elements.
heterogeneous elements.
List is useful for insertion and Tuple is useful for readonly
deletion operations. operations like accessing
elements.
List iteration is slower and is Tuple iteration is faster.
time consuming.
d) Explain Local and Global variable 2M (1m each)
Local Variables: Local variables are those which are initialized
inside a function and belongs only to that particular function. It
cannot be accessed anywhere outside the function
Example:
def f():
# local variable
s = "I love Python Programming"
print(s)
# Driver code
f()
Output
I love Python Programming

Global Variables: The global variables are those which are defined
outside any function and which are accessible throughout the
program i.e. inside and outside of every function.
Example:
# This function uses global variable s
def f():
print("Inside Function", s)

# Global scope
s = "I love Python Programming"
f()
print("Outside Function", s)

Output:
Inside Function I love Python Programming
Outside Function I love Python Programming
e) Define class and object in python 2M (Any suitable
Class: A class is a user-defined blueprint or prototype from which definition: 1M
objects are created. Classes provide a means of bundling data Each)
and functionality together.

Object: An object is an instance of a class that has some

attributes and behavior. Objects can be used to access the
attributes of the class.

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f) How to give single and multiline comment in Python 2M (1m each)

Single line comment: Single-line comments are created simply by
beginning a line with the hash (#) character, and they are
automatically terminated by the end of line.
Example:
# print is a statement
print(‘Hello Python’)

Multi line comment: Python multi-line comment is a piece of text

enclosed in a delimiter (""") Triple quotation marks.
Example:
""" Multi-line comment used
print("Python Comments") """
or
To add a multiline comment you could insert a # for each line:
Example:
#This is a comment
#written in
#more than just one line
print("Hello, World!")
g) List different modes of opening file in Python 2M
Modes for opening file: (Any 2 names 2M)
• r: open an existing file for a read operation.
• w: open an existing file for a write operation. If the file
already contains some data then it will be overridden.
• a: open an existing file for append operation. It won’t
override existing data.
• r+: To read and write data into the file. The previous
data in the file will be overridden.
• w+: To write and read data. It will override existing data.
• a+: To append and read data from the file. It won’t
override existing data.

2 Attempt any THREE of the following 12

a) Write a program to print following 4M (for correct
1 program and
12 logic)
123
1234

for i in range(1,5):
for j in range(1,i+1):
print(j,end=' ')
print()
b) Explain four Buit-in tuple functions in python with example 4M ( 1M for each
function with
example)

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c) Explain how to use user defined function in python with example 4M (2m for
• In Python, def keyword is used to declare user defined explanation and
functions. 2m for example)
• The function name with parentheses (), which may or may
not include parameters and arguments and a colon:
• An indented block of statements follows the function
name and arguments which contains the body of the
function.
Syntax:
def function_name():
statements
.
.
Example:
def fun():
print(“User defined function”)
fun()
output:
User defined function

Parameterized function: The function may take arguments(s) also

called parameters as input within the opening and closing
parentheses, just after the function name followed by a colon.
Syntax:
def function_name(argument1, argument2, ...):

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statements
.
.
Example:
def square( x ):
print("Square=",x*x)

# Driver code
square(2)
Output:
Square= 4
d) Write a program to create class EMPLOYEE with ID and NAME 4M (for correct
and display its contents. program and
class employee : logic)
id=0
name=""
def getdata(self,id,name):
self.id=id
self.name=name
def showdata(self):
print("ID :", self.id)
print("Name :", self.name)

e = employee()
e.getdata(11,"Vijay")
e.showdata()

Output:
ID : 11
Name : Vijay
3 Attempt any THREE of the following 12
a) List data types used in Python. Explain any two with 4M (2m for list,
example and 2m for two
Data types in Python programming includes: example)
• Numbers: Represents numeric data to perform
mathematical operations.
• String: Represents text characters, special symbols or
alphanumeric data.
• List: Represents sequential data that the programmer
wishes to sort, merge etc.
• Tuple: Represents sequential data with a little
difference from list.
• Dictionary: Represents a collection of data that
associate a unique key with each value.
• Boolean: Represents truth values (true or false).

1. Integers (int Data Type): An integer is a whole number

that can be positive (+) or negative (−). Integers can be of any
length, it is only limited by the memory available.

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Example: For number data types are integers.

>>>a=10
>>>b -10
To determine the type of a variable type() function is used.
>>>type(a)
>>> <class 'int'>

2. Boolean (Bool Data Type: The simplest build-in type in

Python is the bool type, it represents the truth values False
and True. Internally the true value is represented as 1 and
false is 0.
For example
>>>a = 18 > 5
>>>print(a)
True
b=2>3
print(b)
False

3. Floating-Point/Float Numbers (Float Data Type): Floating-

point number or Float is a positive or negative number with
a fractional part. A floating point number is accurate up to 15
decimal places. Integer and floating points are separated by
decimal points. 1 is integer, 1.0 is floating point number.
Example: Floating point number.
x=10.1
type(x)
<class 'float'>

4. Complex Numbers (Complex Data Type): Complex

numbers are written in the form, x + yj, where x is the real
part and y is the imaginary part.
Example:
Complex number.
>>>x = 3+4j
>>>print(x.real)
3.0
>>>print(x.imag)
4.0

5. String Data Type: String is a collection of group of

characters. Strings are identified as a contiguous set of
characters enclosed in single quotes (' ') or double quotes ("
"). Any letter, a number or a symbol could be a part of the
string. Strings are unchangeable (immutable). Once a string
is created, it cannot be modified.
Example: For string data type.

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>>> s1="Hello" #string in double quotes

>>> s2='Hi' #string in single quotes
>>> s3="Don't open the door" #single quote string in double
quotes
>>> s4='I said "yipee"' #double quote string in single quotes
>>>type(s1)
<class 'str'>

6. List Data Type: List is an ordered sequence of items. It is

one of the most used datatype in Python and is very flexible.
List can contain heterogeneous values such as integers,
floats, strings, tuples, lists and dictionaries but they are
commonly used to store collections of homogeneous
objects. The list datatype in Python programming is just like
an array that can store a group of elements and we can refer
to these elements using a single name. Declaring a list is
pretty straight forward. Items separated by commas ( , ) are
enclosed within brackets [ ].
Example: For list.
>>> first=[10, 20, 30] # homogenous values in list
>>> second=["One","Two","Three"] # homogenous values in
list
>>> first
[10, 20, 30]
>>> second
['One', 'Two', 'Three']
>>> first + second # prints the concatenated lists
[10, 20, 30, 'One', 'Two', 'Three']

7. Tuple Data Type: Tuple is an ordered sequence of items

same as list. The only difference is that tuples are immutable.
Tuples once created cannot be modified. It is defined within
parentheses ( ) where items are separated by commas ( , ).
A tuple data type in python programming is similar to a list
data type, which also contains heterogeneous
items/elements.
Example: For tuple.
>>> a=(10,'abc',1+3j)
>>> a
(10, 'abc', (1+3j))
>>> a[0]
10
>>> a[0]=20
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<pyshell#12>", line 1, in <module>

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8. Dictionary: Dictionary is an unordered collection of key-

value pairs. It is the same as the hash table type. The order
of elements in a dictionary is undefined, but we can iterate
over the following:
o The key
o The value
o The items (key-value pairs) in a dictionary.
When we have the large amount of data, the dictionary data
type is used. Items in dictionaries are enclosed in curly braces
{ } and separated by the comma (,). A colon (:) is used to
separate key from value. Values can be assigned and
accessed using square braces ([]).
Example: For dictionary data type.
>>> dic1={1:"First","Second":2}
>>> dic1
{1: 'First', 'Second': 2}
>>> type(dic1)
<class 'dict'>
>>> dic1[3]="Third"
>>> dic1
{1: 'First', 'Second': 2, 3: 'Third'}
>>> dic1.keys()
dict_keys([1, 'Second', 3])
>>> dic1.values()
dict_values(['First', 2, 'Third'])
>>>
b) Explain membership and assignment operators with 4M: 2m for
example membership
Membership Operators: The membership operators in Python are operators and
used to find the existence of a particular element in the sequence, 2m for
and used only with sequences like string, tuple, list, dictionary etc. assignment
Membership operators are used to check an item or an element operators
that is part of a string, a list or a tuple. A membership operator
reduces the effort of searching an element in the list. Python
provides ‘in’ and ‘not in’ operators which are called membership
operators and used to test whether a value or variable is in a
sequence.
Sr. Operator Description Example
No
1 in True if value is >>> x="Hello
found in list or in World"
sequence, and false >>> print('H' in x)
it item is not in list True
or in sequence
2 not in True if value is not >>> x="Hello
found in list or in World"
sequence, and false

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it item is in list or in >>> print("Hello"

sequence. not in x)
False

Assignment Operators (Augmented Assignment Operators):

Assignment operators are used in Python programming to assign
values to variables. The assignment operator is used to store the
value on the right-hand side of the expression on the left-hand side
variable in the expression.
For example, a = 5 is a simple assignment operator that assigns the
value 5 on the right to the variable a on the left.
There are various compound operators in Python like a += 5 that
adds to the variable and later assigns the same. It is equivalent to
a = a + 5.
Following table shows assignment operators in Python
programming:
Sr. Operator Description Example
No.
1 = Assigns values from right c=a+b
side operands to assigns value
of a + b
left side operand.
into c
2 += It adds right operand to c += a is
the left operand and equivalent to
assign the result to left c=c+a
operand.
3 −= It subtracts right operand c −= a is
from the left equivalent to
operand and assign the c=c−a
result to left operand.
4 *= It multiplies right operand operand and
with the left assign the
result to left
operand and assign the operand.
result to left operand.
c *= a is
equivalent to
c=c*a
5 /= It divides left operand c /= a is
with the right operand equivalent to
and assign the result to
left operand. c=c/a

6 %= It takes modulus using c %= a is

two operands and assign equivalent to
the result to left operand.

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c=c%a
7 **= Performs exponential c **= a is
(power) calculation on equivalent to
operators and assign
value to the left operand. c = c ** a

8 //= Performs exponential c //= a is

(power) calculation on equivalent to
operators and assign
value to the left operand. c = c // a

c) Explain indexing and slicing in list with example 4M: (2m for
Indexing: An individual item in the list can be referenced by indexing and 2m
using an index, which is an integer number that indicates the for slicing)
relative position of the item in the list.
There are various ways in which we can access the elements
of a list some as them are given below:
1. List Index: We can use the index operator [] to access an
item in a list. Index starts from 0. So, a list having 5 elements
will have index from 0 to 4.
Example: For list index in list.
>>> list1=[10,20,30,40,50]
>>> list1[0]
10
>>> list1[3:] # list[m:] will return elements indexed from mth
index to last index
[40, 50]
>>>list1[:4] # list[:n] will return elements indexed from first
index to n-1th index
[10, 20, 30, 40]
>>> list1[1:3] # list[m:n] will return elements indexed from m
to n-1.
[20, 30]
>>> list1[5]
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<pyshell#71>", line 1, in <module>
list1[5]
IndexError: list index out of range
2. Negative Indexing: Python allows negative indexing for its
sequences. The index of −1 refers to the last item, −2 to the
second last item and so on.
Example: For negative indexing in list.
>>> list2=['p','y','t','h','o','n']
>>> list2[-1]
'n'
>>> list2[-6]
'p'
>>> list2[-3:]

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['h', 'o', 'n']

>>> list2[-7]
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<pyshell#76>", line 1, in <module>
list2[-7]
IndexError: list index out of range

List Slicing: Slicing is an operation that allows us to extract

elements from units. The slicing feature used by Python to
obtain a specific subset or element of the data structure
using the colon (:) operator.
The slicing operator returns a subset of a list called slice by
specifying two indices, i.e. start and end.
Syntax: list_variable[start_index:end_index]
This will return the subset of the list starting from start_index
to one index less than that of the endind
Example: For slicing list.
>>> l1=([10,20,30,40,50])
>>> l1[1:4]
[20, 30, 40]
>>>l1[2:5]
[30,40,50]
d) Write a program for importing module for addition and 4M (for correct
subtraction of two numbers logic and
calculation.py: program)
def add(x,y):
return (x+y)
def sub(x,y):
return (x-y)

operation.py:
import calculation
print(calculation.add(1,2))
print(calculation.sub(4,2))
Output:
3
2

4 Attempt any THREE of the following 12

a) Write a program to create dictionary of student the 4M (2m for i),
includes their ROLL NO and NAME 1m for ii) and
i) Add three students in above dictionary 1m for iii))
ii) Update name=’Shreyas’ of ROLL NO=2
iii) Delete information of ROLL NO=1

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Ans:
1)
>>> dict1={1:"Vijay",2:"Santosh",3:"Yogita"}
>>>print(dict1)
{1: 'Vijay', 2: 'Santosh', 3: 'Yogita'}

ii)
>>>dict1[2]="Shreyas"
>>>print(dict1)
{1: 'Vijay', 2: 'Shreyas', 3: 'Yogita'}

iii)
>>>dict1.pop(1)
‘Vijay'
>>>print(dict1)
{2: 'Shreyas', 3: 'Yogita'}
b) Explain decision making statements If-else, if-elif-else with 4M (2m for if-
example else and 2m for
The if-else statement: if statements executes when the if-elif-else)
conditions following if is true and it does nothing when the
condition is false. The if-else statement takes care of a true
as well as false condition.
Syntax-1: Or Syntax-2:
If condition: If condition:
Statement(s) If_Block
else: else:
Statement(s) else_Block
Example:
i=20
if(i<15):
print(" less than 15")
else:
print("greater than 15")

output:
greater than 15
Concept Diagram:

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if-elif-else (ladder) statements: Here, a user can decide among

multiple options. The if statements are executed from the top
down. As soon as one of the conditions controlling the if is true,
the statement associated with that if is executed, and the rest of
the ladder is bypassed. If none of the conditions is true, then the
final else statement will be executed.
Syntax:
if (condition-1):
statement
elif (condition-2):
statements
.
.
elif(condition-n):
statements
else:
statements

Example:
Example:
i = 20
if (i == 10):
print ("i is 10")
elif (i == 15):
print ("i is 15")
elif (i == 20):
print ("i is 20")
else:
print ("i is not present")

output:
i is 20

Concept Diagram:

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c) Explain use of format() method with example 4M (2m for use

The format() method formats the specified value(s) and insert and 2m for
them inside the string's placeholder. example)
The placeholder is defined using curly brackets: {}.
The format() method returns the formatted string.
Syntax
string.format(value1, value2...)

Example:
#named indexes:
>>>txt1 = ("My name is {fname}, I'm {age}".format(fname =
"abc", age = 36))
>>>print(txt1)
My name is abc, I'm 36

#numbered indexes:
>>>txt2 =( "My name is {0}, I'm {1}".format("xyz",36))
>>>print(txt2)
My name is xyz, I'm 36

#empty placeholders:
>>>txt3 = ("My name is {}, I'm {}".format("pqr",36))
>>>print(txt3)
My name is pqr, I'm 36
d) Explain building blocks of python 4M
Character set: All characters that python can recognize. The
below table illustrates the Python character set along with
examples.
character Set Examples
Letters: Upper case and A-Z,a-z
lower case english
alphabets
Digits: all digits 0-9
Special symbols space,+,-,**,*,%,//,/,==,!=,>,<
Whitespaces Blank space,tabs
Other unicode characters All ASCII and Unicode characters
Tokens: Tokens in python are building blocks of the Python
programming language. The role letters and words play for the
English language, Similar to role token play for a python
programming language.
Python has the following tokens:
1)keywords
2)identifiers
3)literals
a)String literals
b)Numeric literals
c)Boolean Literals
d)Special literal None
Tokens Example
Keywords: Words that are False,True,if,elif,else,for,
already defined and convey a while,pass,continue,lambda,

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special meaning to the return,finally,import,def

language
compiler/interpreter
Identifiers: names given to def square,num=20,
different parts of program a_lst=[1,2,3];
like variables, functions, here square,num and a_lst are
object, class, names given to identifiers.
different datatypes.
Literals/Constants: Data String: ‘Mayank‘,’abc‘,’anish‘;
items that have fixed values Numeric: 1,1.2,4,-3.95;
Boolean: True,False
Special literal None; meaning nothing
e) Write a program illustrating use of user defined package in 4M (2m for
python defining
A package is a hierarchical file directory structure that defines a package and 2m
single Python application environment that consists of modules for import
and subpackages and sub-subpackages, and so on. package in
Packages allow for a hierarchical structuring of the module program)
namespace using dot notation.
Creating a package is quite straightforward, since it makes use of
the operating system’s inherent hierarchical file structure.
Consider the following arrangement:

Here, there is a directory named pkg that contains two

modules, mod1.py and mod2.py. The contents of the modules
are:
mod1.py
def m1():
print("first module")

mod2.py
def m2():
print("second module")

If the pkg directory resides in a location where it can be found, you

can refer to the two modules with dot
notation(pkg.mod1, pkg.mod2) and import them with the
syntax:

Syntax-1
import <module_name>[, <module_name> ...]
Example:
>>>import pkg.mod1, pkg.mod2
>>> pkg.mod1.m1()
first module

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Syntax-2:
from <module_name> import <name(s)>
Example:
>>> from pkg.mod1 import m1
>>> m1()
First module
>>>

Syntax-3:
from <module_name> import <name> as <alt_name>
Example:
>>> from pkg.mod1 import m1 as module
>>> module()
first module

You can import modules with these statements as well:

from <package_name> import <modules_name>[,
<module_name> ...]
from <package_name> import <module_name> as <alt_name>
Example:
>>> from pkg import mod1
>>> mod1.m1()
First module

5 Attempt any TWO of the following 12

a) Write the output of the following 6M
i) >>> a=[2,5,1,3,6,9,7] (2m for each)
>>> a[2:6]=[2,4,9,0]
>>> print(a)
Output: [2, 5, 2, 4, 9, 0, 7]

ii) >>> b=[“Hello”,”Good”]

>>> b.append(“python”)
>>>print(b)
Output: ['Hello', 'Good', 'python']
iii) >>>t1=[3,5,6,7] output:
>>>print(t1[2]) >>>6
>>>print(t1[-1]) >>>7
>>>print(t1[2:]) >>>[6, 7]
>>>print(t1[:]) >>>[3, 5, 6, 7]
b) Explain method overloading in python with example 6M (3m for
Method overloading is the ability to define the method with explanation, 3m
the same name but with a different number of arguments for example)
and data types.
With this ability one method can perform different tasks,
depending on the number of arguments or the types of the
arguments given.

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Method overloading is a concept in which a method in a class

performs operations according to the parameters passed to
it.
As in other languages we can write a program having two
methods with same name but with different number of
arguments or order of arguments but in python if we will try
to do the same we will get the following issue with method
overloading in Python:
# to calculate area of rectangle
def area(length, breadth):
calc = length * breadth
print calc
#to calculate area of square
def area(size):
calc = size * size
print calc
area(3)
area(4,5)
Output:
9
TypeError: area() takes exactly 1 argument (2 given)
Python does not support method overloading, that is, it is
not possible to define more than one method with the
same name in a class in Python.
This is because method arguments in python do not have a
type. A method accepting one argument can be called with
an integer value, a string or a double as shown in next
example.
class Demo:
def method(self, a):
print(a)
obj= Demo()
obj.method(50)
obj.method('Meenakshi')
obj.method(100.2)
Output:
50
Meenakshi
100.2
Same method works for three different data types. Thus, we
cannot define two methods with the same name and same
number of arguments but having different type as shown in
the above example. They will be treated as the same
method.
It is clear that method overloading is not supported in python
but that does not mean that we cannot call a method with
different number of arguments. There are a couple of

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alternatives available in python that make it possible to call

the same method but with different number of arguments.
c) Write a program to open a file in write mode and append 6M for any
some content at the end of file program with
file1 = open("myfile.txt", "w") suitable logic
L = ["This is Delhi \n", "This is Paris \n", "This is London"]
file1.writelines(L)
file1.close()

# Append-adds at last
# append mode
file1 = open("myfile.txt", "a")

# writing newline character

file1.write("\n")
file1.write("Today")

# without newline character

file1.write("Tomorrow")

file1 = open("myfile.txt", "r")

print("Output of Readlines after appending")
print(file1.read())
print()
file1.close()

Output:
Output of Readlines after appending
This is Delhi
This is Paris
This is London
TodayTomorrow

6 Attempt any TWO of the following 12

a) Explain package Numpy with example 6M (3m for
• NumPy is the fundamental package for scientific explanation and
computing with Python. NumPy stands for 3m for example)
"Numerical Python". It provides a high-performance
multidimensional array object, and tools for working
with these arrays.
• An array is a table of elements (usually numbers), all
of the same type, indexed by a tuple of positive
integers and represented by a single variable.
NumPy's array class is called ndarray. It is also known
by the alias array.
• In NumPy arrays, the individual data items are called
elements. All elements of an array should be of the

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same type. Arrays can be made up of any number of

dimensions.
• In NumPy, dimensions are called axes. Each
dimension of an array has a length which is the total
number of elements in that direction.
• The size of an array is the total number of elements
contained in an array in all the dimension. The size of
NumPy arrays are fixed; once created it cannot be
changed again.
• Numpy arrays are great alternatives to Python Lists.
Some of the key advantages of Numpy arrays are that
they are fast, easy to work with, and give users the
opportunity to perform calculations across entire
arrays.
• A one dimensional array has one axis indicated by
Axis-0. That axis has five elements in it, so we say it
has length of five.
• A two dimensional array is made up of rows and
columns. All rows are indicated by Axis-0 and all
columns are indicated by Axis-1. If Axis-0 in two
dimensional array has three elements, so its length it
three and Axis-1 has six elements, so its length is six.

Execute Following command to install numpy in window,

Linux and MAC OS:
python -m pip install numpy
To use NumPy you need to import Numpy:
import numpy as np # alias np

Using NumPy, a developer can perform the following

operations:
1. Mathematical and logical operations on arrays.
2. Fourier transforms and routines for shape manipulation.
3. Operations related to linear algebra.
4. NumPy has in-built functions for linear algebra and
random number generation

Example:
For NumPy with array object.
>>> import numpy as np
>>> a=np.array([1,2,3]) # one dimensional array
>>> print(a)
[1 2 3]
>>> arr=np.array([[1,2,3],[4,5,6]]) # two dimensional array
>>> print(arr)
[[1 2 3]
[4 5 6]]

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>>> type(arr)
<class 'numpy.ndarray'>
>>> print("No. of dimension: ", arr.ndim)
No. of dimension: 2
>>> print("Shape of array: ", arr.shape)
Shape of array: (2, 3)
>> >print("size of array: ", arr.size)
size of array: 6
>>> print("Type of elements in array: ", arr.dtype)
Type of elements in array: int32
>>> print("No of bytes:", arr.nbytes)
No of bytes: 24
b) Write a program to implement the concept of inheritance 6M for any
in python suitable
• In inheritance objects of one class procure the example of
properties of objects of another class. inheritance
• Inheritance provide code usability, which means that
some of the new features can be added to the code
while using the existing code.
• The mechanism of designing or constructing classes
from other classes is called inheritance.
• The new class is called derived class or child class and
the class from which this derived class has been
inherited is the base class or parent class.
• In inheritance, the child class acquires the properties
and can access all the data members and functions
defined in the parent class. A child class can also
provide its specific implementation to the functions
of the parent class.
Syntax:
class A:
# properties of class A
class B(A):
# class B inheriting property of class A
# more properties of class B

Example 1: Inheritance without using constructor.

class Vehicle: #parent class
name="Maruti"
def display(self):
print("Name= ",self.name)
class Category(Vehicle): #derived class
price=2000
def disp_price(self):
print("Price=$",self.price)
car1=Category()
car1.display()

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car1.disp_price()
Output:
Name= Maruti
Price=$ 2000

Example 2: Inheritance using constructor.

class Vehicle: #parent class
def __init__(self,name):
self.name=name
def display(self):
print("Name= ",self.name)
class Category(Vehicle): #derived class
def __init__(self,name,price):
Vehicle.__init__(self,name)
# passing data to base class constructor
self.price=price
def disp_price(self):
print("Price=$ ",self.price)
car1=Category("Maruti",2000)
car1.display()
car1.disp_price()
car2=Category("BMW",5000)
car2.display()
car2.disp_price()
Output:
Name= Maruti
Price=$ 2000
Name= BMW
Price=$ 5000
c) Explain Try-except block used in exception handling in 6M (3m for
python with example explanation and
• In Python, exceptions can be handled using a try 3m for program)
statement. A try block consisting of one or more
statements is used by programmers to partition code
that might be affected by an exception.
• A critical operation which can raise exception is
placed inside the try clause and the code that handles
exception is written in except clause.
• The associated except blocks are used to handle any
resulting exceptions thrown in the try block. That is
we want the try block to succeed and if it does not
succeed, we want to control to pass to the catch
block.
• If any statement within the try block throws an
exception, control immediately shifts to the catch
block. If no exception is thrown in the try block, the
catch block is skipped.

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• There can be one or more except blocks. Multiple

except blocks with different exception names can be
chained together.
• The except blocks are evaluated from top to bottom
in the code, but only one except block is executed for
each exception that is thrown.
• The first except block that specifies the exact
exception name of the thrown exception is executed.
If no except block specifies a matching exception
name then an except block that does not have an
exception name is selected, if one is present in the
code.
• For handling exception in Python, the exception
handler block needs to be written which consists of
set of statements that need to be executed according
to raised exception. There are three blocks that are
used in the exception handling process, namely, try,
except and finally.

1. try Block: A set of statements that may cause error during

runtime are to be written in the try block.
2. except Block: It is written to display the execution details
to the user when certain exception occurs in the program.
The except block executed only when a certain type as
exception occurs in the execution of statements written in
the try block.
3. finally Block: This is the last block written while writing an
exception handler in the program which indicates the set of
statements that many use to clean up to resources used by
the program.

Syntax:
try:
D the operations here
......................
except Exception1:
If there is Exception1, then execute this block.
except Exception2:
If there is Exception2, then execute this block.
......................
else:
If there is no exception then execute this block.

Example: For try-except clause/statement.

try:
fh = open("testfile", "w")
fh.write("This is my test file for exception handling!!")

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except IOError:
print ("Error: can\'t find file or read data")
else:
print ("Written content in the file successfully")
fh.close()

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