Expt.No.17

SANJAY GHODAWAT UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES
Date:
Experiment No - 17 CLO-
Title: Assay of Ascorbic acid.
Aim: To perform assay of ascorbic acid by Iodimetry.
Requirements:
Chemicals: Ascorbic acid, iodine 0.05M, Arsenic trioxide, Potassium iodate, potassium iodide,
starch indicator, Sodium hydroxide, sulphuric acid.
Apparatus:
Beaker, Conical flask, pipette, burette, measuring cylinder, burette stand, holder, glass funnel etc.
Instrument:
Weighing balance
Theory:
Ascorbic acid is usually stated as vitamin C and it is a natural water soluble vitamin. Ascorbic
acid is a strong reducing and antioxidant agent that functions in fighting bacterial infections, in
detoxifying reactions, and in the formation of collagen in fibrous tissue, teeth, bones, connective tissue,
skin and capillaries. It is found in citrus and other fruits, and in vegetables but cooking destroys the
vitamin, so raw fruits and their juices are the main source of ascorbic acid. The vitamin C cannot be
produced or stored by humans and must be obtained in the diet. Vitamin c is an antioxidant that is
essential for human nutrition. Its deficiency can lead to a disease called scurvy, which is characterized by
abnormalities in the bones and teeth.
Principle:
The redox titration is better than an acid base titration since there are additional acids in a juice,
but few of them interfere with the oxidation of ascorbic acid by iodine.Iodine is relatively insoluble, but
this can be improved by complexing the iodine with iodide to form triiodide.
I2 + I → I3
Triiodides oxidizes vitamin c to form dehydroascorbic acid.
C6H8O6 + I3 + H2O → C6H6O6 + 3I + 2H
As long as vitamin c is present in the solution, the triiodides is converted to the iodide ion very
quickly. However, when all the vitamin c is oxidized, iodine and triiodides will be present, which react
with starch to form a blue black complex. The blue black color is the end point of the titration.
Procedure:
1. Preparation of reagents:
a) 0.05 M iodine: Dissolve about 14 gm of iodine in solution of 36 gm potassium iodide in 100 ml
of water. Add three drops of hydrochloric acid and dilute with water to 1000 ml.
b) Preparation of starch indicator: Take 1 gm of soluble starch and triturate with 5 ml of water
and add it to 100 ml of boiling water with continuous stirring.
2. Standardization of iodine solution:
1. Weigh accurately about 0.15 gm of arsenic trioxide, previously dried at 105℃ for 1 hour.
2. Dissolve in 20 ml of 1M sodium hydroxide by warming, if necessary.
3. Dilute with 40 ml of water, add 0.1 m of methyl orange solution and add drops of dilute
hydrochloric acid until the yellow colour is changed to pink.
4. Add 2 gm of sodium carbonate, dilute with 50 ml of water and add 3 ml of starch solution.
Date:
5. Titrate with the iodine solution until a permanent blue colour is obtained. Store in amber-coloured
glass stoppered bottles.
6. Calculate the molarity of the solution.
3. Assay of Ascorbic acid:
Weigh accurately about 0.1 gm and dissolve in a mixture of 100 ml of freshly boiled and
cooled water and 25 ml of 1 M sulphuric acid. Immediately titrate with 0.05 M iodine, using
starch solution as indicator until a persistent blue-violet colour is obtained.
Calculation:
1. Standardization of iodine solution
Sr. NO Burette reading (ml) of Iodine solution
Initial reading Final reading Mean
1 ml of 0.05M iodine is equivalent to 0.004946 gm of AgNO3

Molarity of iodine:
M=Wt X 0.05 ÷ Vol. X 0.004946
Where,
Wt = weight of arsenic trioxide
Vol = Volume of iodine solution consumed
M = …………….
Molarity of iodine solution = ………M
2. Assay of ascorbic acid:
Sr. NO Burette reading (ml) of Iodine solution
Initial reading Final reading Mean
3
Date:
Each ml of 0.05 M iodine is equivalent to 0.008806 gm of ascorbic acid

% ascorbic acid = X ml X Molarity X 0.008806 X 100 ÷ 0.05 X Wt. of sample
=
Result:
1. Molarity of iodine solution = ……..
2. % of Ascorbic acid =
Questions:
1. What is redox titration?
2. Which indicator is used for estimation of ascorbic acid?
3. Why does starch shows blue colouration with iodine?
Space for answers:

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SANJAY GHODAWAT UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES

Sr. NO Burette reading (ml) of Iodine solution

Initial reading Final reading Mean

1 ml of 0.05M iodine is equivalent to 0.004946 gm of AgNO3

Molarity of iodine solution = ………M

2. Assay of ascorbic acid:

Sr. NO Burette reading (ml) of Iodine solution

Initial reading Final reading Mean

Each ml of 0.05 M iodine is equivalent to 0.008806 gm of ascorbic acid

Space for answers:

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