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Assignment MTH621

The document contains solutions to three mathematical questions regarding sequences and sets. It proves the convergence of the sequence defined by an = n+1, finds the limit as n approaches infinity, and discusses the boundedness of another sequence Sn. Additionally, it identifies isolated and interior points of the set E and explains why E is not an open set.

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babarazeem6712
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2 views

Assignment MTH621

The document contains solutions to three mathematical questions regarding sequences and sets. It proves the convergence of the sequence defined by an = n+1, finds the limit as n approaches infinity, and discusses the boundedness of another sequence Sn. Additionally, it identifies isolated and interior points of the set E and explains why E is not an open set.

Uploaded by

babarazeem6712
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Assignment MTH (621)

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Question 1:
1
Suppose (an) is a sequence defined by an = n+1 for n = 1, 2, 3, . . ..

1. Prove that the sequence (an) converges.


To prove that (an) converges, we need to check if it has a limit as n → ∞
1
Since an = n+1 , observe that as n becomes large, n+1 also increases, making an
1
= n+1 get closer to zero.
Formally:
1
lim a n=lim =0
n→∞ n →∞ n+ 1
Therefore, an converges.
2. Find the limit of the sequence as n → ∞.
From the above calculation, we found that:
1
lim a n=lim =0
n→∞ n →∞ n+ 1
So, the limit of the sequence as n → ∞ is 0.
3. Explain intuitively why this limit makes sense in terms of the behavior of
the sequence’s terms as n increases.
Intuitively, as n becomes larger, the denominator n+1 increases, which makes
1
the fraction n+1 become smaller and approach zero. So, the terms an decrease
towards 0 as n becomes very large, which explains why the limit is zero.

Question 2:
Discuss the boundedness of the following sequence: Sn={1+ (−1 )n }n, n ∈ N
Solution:
Step 1. Find the terms of Sn
Let’s look at the sequence Sn={1+ (−1 )n }n for different values of n:
 If n is even, (−1)n=1,so Sn= ( 1+1 ) n=2 n
 If n is odd, (−1)n=−1,so Sn= ( 1−1 ) n=0
Thus, this results in the sequence:
Sn = {20n if n is even
if n is odd
Step 2. Boundness
 For odd values of n, Sn=0, which is constant.
 For even values of n, Sn=2n , which increase without bound as n → ∞.
Therefore, Sn is unbounded because the terms grow indefinitely for even n.

Question 3:
Let E = (0, 1] ∪ {2} ∪ (3, 4) in R.
1. Identify any isolated points of E.
The point x=2 is an isolated point of E because it is included in E but is not part
of any interval. There are no other isolated points in E.
2. List all interior points of E.
The interior points of E are the points in the intervals (0,1) and (3,4), as these
are the open intervals where each point has a neighborhood entirely contained
within E. Therefore, the set of interior points of E is: (0 , 1)∪ (3 , 4)
3. Determine whether E is an open set and justify your answer.
E is not an open set is R because it contains the point x=1 and the point x=2,
neither if which have neighborhoods entirely within E. The presence of these
points (which do not have open neighborhoods in E) means that E is not open.
4. Choose a point x = 2 and discuss whether it has a neighborhood within E.
The point x=2 does not have a neighborhood entirely within E because any
neighborhood around x=2 would include points close to 2 that are not part of
E. Specifically, for any ∈>0, the interval (2−∈, 2+∈)will contain points that are
not in E. Therefore, x=2 does not have neighborhood within E.

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