HUMAN REPRODUCTIVE

SYSTEM
 Objectives

1 2 3
Introduction
the biological system
made up of anatomical
organs involved in
sexual reproduction.
 • produces female gametes
• secrets male sex hormones • receives male gametes
• produces male gametes • carries the baby throughout the
• transfer them to the female development
reproductive organ • give birth to a new baby
MALE REPRODUCTIVE
SYSTEM
• are the primary male reproductive organs.
• they are oval-shaped and located inside the
scrotum.
• they are involved in the production of
testosterone, the primary male sex hormones,
and in the production of sperm cells or
spermatogenesis.
• is a sac that contains the testes, as well as many nerves
and blood vessels that straddle it.
• this protects the testes and aids in the normal
development of sperm cells.
• the testes must be at a temperature slightly lower than
body temperature for proper production of sperm cells.
• the scrotum is situated behind and underneath the
penis.
• EPIDIDYMIS is a long coiled tube, located behind each
testis.
• this duct transports and temporarily stores sperm cells
that are produced in the testis.
• the sperm cells produced in the testis are immature
and not quite ready yet for of fertilization.
• the sperm cells undergo maturation in the epididymis.
• VAS DEFERENS is another sperm duct that extends
upward from the epididymis.
• it transports mature sperm cells to the urethra in
preparation for ejaculation.
• Ejaculation refers to the discharge of semen through
the urethra.
• Semen is a mixture of sperm cells and various
secretions.
• URETHRA is a tube that extends from the
urinary bladder to the outside.
• the male urethra, which is about 20 cm in
length, conveys urine from the bladder and
transports semen to the outside of the body.
• Epididymis
• Vas Deferens
• Urethra
• are twisted muscular tubes with many sac-like
pouches. These are attached to the vas
deferens near the base of the bladder
• the glandular linings of the seminal vesicles
produce a thick, yellow and alkaline secretion
rich in sugar (fructose) that provides the
nourishment to the sperm cells.
• located below the urinary bladder, where it
sounds the first part of the urethra.
• the ducts from the prostate carry its thin,
alkaline secretions into the urethra.
• these fluids also help in nourishing the sperm
cells.
• the bulbourethral glands are a pair of pea-sized
organs located on the sides of the urethra just
below the prostate gland.
• these are also referred to as Cowper’s glands.
• these glands secrete a clear and slippery fluid that
lubricates the urethra and neutralizes acidity due
to residual drops of urine in the urethra.
• the penis which encloses the urethra, is the male organ
for sexual intercourse.
• it is composed of spongy tissue with blood spaces.
• these blood spaces are relatively empty when the organ
is flaccid but is filled with blood when the penis is erect.
• the flow of urine is blocked from the urethra in order tom
allow only semen to pass through during sexual
intercourse.
 FEMALE
REPRODUCTIVE
SYSTEM
• are the primary female reproductive organs where the female sex
cells or ova are formed.
• there are two ovaries, each located on the opposite side of the
uterus.
• the ovaries serve as a storehouse for follicles. Each month, one of
these follicles matures and releases and egg or ovum into the
oviduct.
• these also serve in the production of the female hormones
estrogen and progesterone. These hormones are vital for proper
reproductive function.
• also called the fallopian tubes, extend from
the upper sides of the uterus and lead up to
the ovaries.
• these tubes transport the ova to the uterus.
• it takes about 5 days from an ovum to reach
the uterus from the ovary.
• also known as the womb.
• it is a pear-shaped muscular organ. The cavity inside the uterus is
somewhat T-shaped, but it may change its shape and dilate as the
fetus develops.
• the wider upper part of the uterus is called the corpus or the body,
and the lower, narrower part is the cervix or the neck.
• the lining of the uterus is a specialized epithelial tissue known as
endometrium and is involved in the menstruation.
• a fertilized egg implants itself in the endometrium lining and
develops in the uterus throughout the pregnancy.
• the cervix is situated between the vagina and the
uterus. It is the opening through which the sperm cells
must pass to fertilize an egg.
• the cervix is lined with mucus, and these mucus
provide lubrication and sperm transport during
sexual intercourse.
• it is also through the cervix where the baby exits the
uterus and enters the vagina.
• is a tube-like muscular structure measuring
about 7.5 cm that connects the internal
reproductive organs with the external genitalia.
• it extends to the cervix and is the point of entry
for the penis during sexual activity.
• the vagina is the final passageway through
which a baby exits at birth.
Vulva - which runs from the pubic area downward
to the rectum.

Labia majora or “greater lips” - are the part around

the vagina containing two glands (Bartholin’s
glands) that helps lubrication during intercourse.
Labia minora or “lesser lips” - are the thin hairless
ridges at the entrance of the vagina, which joins
behind and in front. In front they split to enclose the
clitoris.

Clitoris is a small pea-shaped structure. It plays an

important role in sexual excitement in females.
 Differences of male and female gametes
It is produced by spermatogenesis. It is produced by oogenesis.

It is known as sperm. It is known as ovum.

It is produced in testis. It is produced in ovaries.

Smaller in size and is motile. It is larger in size and is non-motile.

Large number of sperm are Usually only one egg is produced

produced. at a time