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Code Strut of C-Program

The document outlines the structure of a C++ program, detailing sections such as Documentation, Linking, Definition, Global Declaration, Function Definition, and the Main Function. It explains the purpose of each section, including the use of header files and namespaces in the Linking Section, and provides a sample program demonstrating these concepts. The Main Function is emphasized as the starting point of program execution, with an example illustrating how to calculate the factorial of a number.

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1 views

Code Strut of C-Program

The document outlines the structure of a C++ program, detailing sections such as Documentation, Linking, Definition, Global Declaration, Function Definition, and the Main Function. It explains the purpose of each section, including the use of header files and namespaces in the Linking Section, and provides a sample program demonstrating these concepts. The Main Function is emphasized as the starting point of program execution, with an example illustrating how to calculate the factorial of a number.

Uploaded by

ge.infosec
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Structure of C++ Program

The C++ program is written using a specific template structure. The structure of the program
written in C++ language is as follows:

Documentation

Link Section

Definition Section

Global Declaration Section

Function definition Section

Main Function
Skelton of C Program

● This section comes first and is used to document the logic of the program that the
programmer going to code.
● It can be also used to write for purpose of the program.
● Whatever is written in the documentation section is the comment and is not compiled
by the compiler.
● The documentation Section is optional since the program can execute without them.
Below is the snippet of the same:

/* This is a C++ program to find the


factorial of a number

The basic requirement for writing this


program is to have knowledge of loops

To find the factorial of number


iterate over range from number to one
*/

Linking Section
The linking section contains two parts:

> Header Files:


● Generally, a program includes various programming elements like built-in functions,
classes, keywords, constants, operators, etc. that are already defined in the standard
C++ library.
● In order to use such pre-defined elements in a program, an appropriate header must
be included in the program.
● Standard headers are specified in a program through the preprocessor directive
#include. In Figure, the iostream header is used. When the compiler processes the
instruction #include<iostream>, it includes the contents of the stream in the program.
This enables the programmer to use standard input, output, and error facilities that
are provided only through the standard streams defined in <iostream>. These
standard streams process data as a stream of characters, that is, data is read and
displayed in a continuous flow. Thes standard streams defined in <iostream> are
listed here

#include<iostream>

>Namespaces:
● A namespace permits grouping of various entities like classes, objects, functions,
and various C++tokens, etc. under a single name.
● Any user can create separate namespaces of its own and can use them in any other
program.
● In the bellow snippets, namespace std contains declarations for cout, cin, endl, etc.
statements.

using namespace std;

● Namespaces can be accessed in multiple ways;


using namespace std;
using std::cout;

Definition Section

● It is used to declare some constants and assign them some value.


● In this section, anyone can define their own datatype using primitive data types.
● In #define# is a compiler directive that tells the compiler whenever the message is
found, replace it with “Factorial\n”.
● typedef int K; this statement tells the compiler that whenever you will encounter K
replace it by int and as you have declared k as datatype you cannot use it as an
identifier.
Global Declaration Section

● Here the variables and the class definitions which are going to be used in the
program are declared to make them global.
● Usually, this section contains the User-defined functions.
● This part of the program can be written after the main function but for this, write the
function prototype in this section for the function which for you are going to write code
after the main function.

// Function to implement the


// factorial of number num
int factorial (k& num)
{
// Iterate over the loop from
// num to one
for (k i = 1; i <- num; i++)
{
fact *= i;
}

// Return the factorial calculated


return fact;
}

Main Function

● The main function tells the compiler where to start the execution of the program. The
execution of the program starts with the main function.
● All the statements that are to be executed are written in the main function.
● The compiler executes all the instructions which are written in the curly braces {}
which encloses the body of the main function.
● Once all instructions from the main function are executed control comes out of the
main function and the program terminates and no furter execution occur.

Below is the program to illustrate this:

// Documentation Section
/* This is a C++ program to find the factorial of a number.
The basic requirement for writing this program is to have knowledge
Of loops.

To find the factorial of a number iterate over the range from number
to 1
*/

//Linking Section
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

//Definition Section
#define msg “FACTORIAL\n”
typedef int k;

//Global Declaration Section


k num = 0, fact =1, storeFactorial = 0;

// Function Section
k factorial(k& num)
{
//iterate over the loop from num to one
for (k i=1; i<=num; i++)
{
fact *= i;
}
// Return the factorial
return fact;
}

// Main Function
int main()
{
//Given number Num
k Num = 5;
//Function Call
storeFactorial = factorial(Num);
cout << msg;

//Print the factorial


cout << Num << “! = ”
<< storeFactorial << endl;

Return 0;

Output
FACTORIAL
5! = 120

1
Source: https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/structure-of-c-program/

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