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Assignment 1

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2 views

Assignment 1

Uploaded by

Sabrina
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Waves, Light, and Modern Physics Fall 2024

Assignment/Practice Problems 1
Question 1:
Consider a harmonic oscillator at four different moments, labeled A, B, C, and D, as shown in the
figure. Assume that the force constant k, the mass of the block, m, and the amplitude of vibrations, A,
are given. Answer the following questions.
a) At which moment is the potential energy the maximum?
b) At which moment is the kinetic energy a minimum?
c) At which moment is the kinetic energy a maximum?
d) At which moment is the potential energy a minimum?
e) At which moment is U = K?
f) Find the kinetic energy of the block at the moment labeled B.

Question 2:
The position of a 50 g oscillating mass is given by x (t)=(2.0 cm)cos 10 t− π
( 4 ) where t is in s. Find:
a) The amplitude
b) The period
c) The spring constant
d) The phase constant
e) The initial position of the mass
f) The initial velocity
g) The maximum speed
h) The total energy
i) The velocity at t = 0.4 s
Question 3:
A block attached to a spring with unknown spring constant oscillates with a period of 3.3 s. Parts a) to
d) are independent questions, each referring to the initial situation.
a) What is the period if the mass is doubled?
b) What is the period if the mass is halved?
c) What is the period if the amplitude is doubled?
d) What is the period if the spring constant is doubled?

Question 4:
Astronauts in space cannot weigh themselves by standing on a bathroom scale. Instead, they
determine their mass by oscillating on a large spring. Suppose an astronaut attaches one end of a
large spring to their belt and the other end to a hook on the wall of the space capsule. A fellow
astronaut then pulls them away from the wall and releases them. The spring's length as a function of
time is shown in the figure.
a) What is the astronaut’s mass if the spring constant is 280 N/m?
b) What is their speed when the spring’s length is 1.0 m?

Question 5:
The motion of a particle is given by x (t )= (25 cm ) cos (13 t), where t is in s. What is the first time at
which the kinetic energy is twice the potential energy?

Question 6:
a) When the displacement of a mass on a spring is 1/2 A, what percentage of the energy is kinetic
energy?
b) At what displacement, as a fraction of A, is the energy half kinetic and half potential?

Question 7:
A 301g oscillator has a speed of 110.5 cm/s when its displacement is 2.80 cm and 65.5 cm/s when its
displacement is 6.10 cm. What is the oscillator’s maximum speed?

Question 8:
An air-track glider is attached to a spring. The glider is pulled to the right and released from rest at
t=0. It then oscillates with a period of 2.40 s and a maximum speed of 46.0 cm/s.
a) What is the amplitude of oscillation?
b) What is the glider’s position at t = 0.300 s?
Question 9:

a) What is the amplitude of the oscillation shown in the figure?


b) What is the frequency of the oscillation shown in the figure?
c) What is the phase constant of the oscillation shown in the figure?

Question 10:
An object in simple harmonic motion has amplitude 4.2 cm and frequency 4.2 Hz, and at t = 0 it passes
through the equilibrium point moving to the right. Write x(t).

Question 11:
A 100 gram block on a spring of constant k = 1.6 N/m is at x = 3.60 cm at t = 0 s, and moving to the left
at 2.0 cm/s. Write x(t).

ANSWERS

3 2
1. a) A, b) A, c) C, d) C, e) D, f) kA
8
2. a) 2.0 cm, b) π seconds , c) 5.0 N/m, d) − π rad , e) 1.41 cm, f) 14.1 cm/s, g) 20 cm/s, h) 1 mJ,
5 4
i) 1.46 cm/s
3. a) 4.67 s, b) 2.33 s, c) 3.3 s, d) 2.33 s
4. a) 63.8 kg, b) 0.84 m/s
5. 0.073 s
A
6. a) 75%, b)
√2
7. 1.2 m/s
8. a) 17.6 cm, b) 12.4 cm
2π
9. a) 10 cm, b) 0.5 hz, c) rad
3

(
10. x (t)=( 4.2 cm ) cos 8.4 π t+
3π
2) (or x (t)=( 4.2 cm ) cos 8.4 π t− π
( 2 ) )
11. x (t)=( 3.63 cm ) cos ( 4.0 t+0.138 )

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