The document is a project report by Avijit Kumar on the methods of water purification, acknowledging the support of his teacher and family. It outlines various purification techniques such as boiling, filtration, distillation, chlorine disinfection, and ultraviolet disinfection, emphasizing the importance of water quality testing. The conclusion highlights the necessity of choosing appropriate purification methods while considering environmental impacts.
The document is a project report by Avijit Kumar on the methods of water purification, acknowledging the support of his teacher and family. It outlines various purification techniques such as boiling, filtration, distillation, chlorine disinfection, and ultraviolet disinfection, emphasizing the importance of water quality testing. The conclusion highlights the necessity of choosing appropriate purification methods while considering environmental impacts.
The document is a project report by Avijit Kumar on the methods of water purification, acknowledging the support of his teacher and family. It outlines various purification techniques such as boiling, filtration, distillation, chlorine disinfection, and ultraviolet disinfection, emphasizing the importance of water quality testing. The conclusion highlights the necessity of choosing appropriate purification methods while considering environmental impacts.
The document is a project report by Avijit Kumar on the methods of water purification, acknowledging the support of his teacher and family. It outlines various purification techniques such as boiling, filtration, distillation, chlorine disinfection, and ultraviolet disinfection, emphasizing the importance of water quality testing. The conclusion highlights the necessity of choosing appropriate purification methods while considering environmental impacts.
Class – xi Roll no. – 05 Stream – science ACKNOWLEDGEMEΝΤ
I am deeply grateful to my chemistry teacher, Ms.
Bhavna Pradhan of Don Bosco Higher Secondary School Silapathar, for her unwavering support and guidance throughout this Class 11 Chemistry project. Her expert advice and constructive feedback have been invaluable in shaping the direction of my work. I would also like to thank my parents and friends for their constant encouragement and understanding during this journey. Your belief in my abilities has given me the confidence to explore new ideas and push the boundaries of my creativity, which helped me to complete this project “STUDY OF THE METHOD OF PURIFICATION OF WATER”.
Yours sincerely CONTENTS: 1. OBJECTIVE 2. INTRODUCTION 3. TESTING OF WATER QUALITY 4. METHODS USED FOR PURIFICATION OF WATER 4.1 BOILING WATER 4.2 FILTRATION 4.3 DISTILLATION 4.4 CHLORINE DISINFECTION 4.5 ULTRAVIOLET DISINFECTION 5. CONCLUSION 1.OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT WORK: “TO STUDY OF THE METHODS OF PURIFICATION OF WATER”. 2. INTRODUCTION Water purification methods are used to meet water qualities standard for individual households and whole cities. Purification methods include boiling water, distillation, and filtration, however less common ways to purify water like solar purification and adding iodine are also sometime used. Water purification involves removing unwanted chemicals, contaminants, suspended solids, and gases from the water to make it suitable for human use. Most drinking water is disinfected and purified to make it safe from human consumption, but water purification methods are also used for variety of other applications such as in industrial and pharmaceutical settings. In early days surface water was used by human for their domestic purposes. At that time man did not have knowledge how to purify water, that’s why man had to suffer from borne diseases, so many villages were destroyed because of water borne diseases. With the growth of civilization and development of town or city people started thinking over issue of water of drinking, safety of life and healthy environment. It is observed that people are not still using portable water. Before supplying the water to the consumer, should be completely purified, and this involves very extensive and modern methods of treatment. 3. HOW TO TEST WATER QUALITY Testing the quality of water is extremely important particularly when water is going to be used for human consumption. To determined water quality, following variables are measured:
Temperature
Dissolved oxygen
pH Measurement
Total suspended/ dissolved solids ( turbidity sensor)
Conductivity
Nutrients
Metals
Hydrocarbons
Industrials chemicals. By testing water quality, we can understand the condition of the water and if it needs any treatment before use. This is why water is often purified. 4. METHODS USED TO PURIFY WATER Methods to determine water purification are required, as visual inspections alone cannot determine if the water meets the water quality standards. When we talk about water purification methods it is important to understand the difference between a water filter and a water purifier.
Water purification os the process of removing
undesirable chemicals, biological, contaminants, suspended solids and gases from contaminant water. The goal of this process is to produce water fit for a specific purpose. It take place on small and large scales, and water filtering can provide clean and potable water for industrial applications, in addition to individual households. 4.1 Boiling water
Boiling of water is a process where liquid water
changes into gas or vapor. It happens when the water is heated to its boiling point, which depends on the pressure and purity of the water. Boiling water can kill microbes and viruses, and is used for cooking and making water potable. 4.2 Filtration
Filtration water is a process of removing impurities from
water by passing it through a porous material, called a filter. The filter traps the solid particles and lets the clean water through. Filtration water can remove many contaminants from the water, including minerals, metals, and chemicals, as well as bacteria and other pathogens. Filtration water can also improve the taste and odor of the water, and it can be more convenient and cost- effective than boiling water, depending on the type of filter used. Therefore, filtration water is generally a better choice than boiling water, as it can purify water more effectively and efficiently 4.3 Distillation Distillation is a separation process vital for refining liquids based on their boiling points. By heating a mixture, components with lower boiling points vaporize first, and the vapors are then condensed back into liquid form. This method is indispensable across industries, from petrochemical refining to alcohol production. Distillation enables the extraction of desired components and ensures the purification of substances. Its versatility extends to the separation of complex mixtures, playing a key role in obtaining high-purity products essential in pharmaceuticals, chemicals, and fuel production, making it a fundamental and widespread technique in various industrial processes. 4.4 Chlorine Disinfection
Chlorine disinfection is a widely employed method to
eliminate harmful microorganisms in water treatment and sanitation processes. In this approach, chlorine compounds, often in the form of chlorine gas or hypochlorite solutions, are introduced into water supplies. Chlorine effectively destroys bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens by disrupting their cellular structures and functions. This method has proven instrumental in ensuring the safety of drinking water and controlling the spread of waterborne diseases. While chlorine disinfection is a powerful and efficient process, careful monitoring is essential to maintain adequate concentrations for microbial inactivation without compromising human health or the environment. 4.5 Ultraviolet (UV) Disinfection In low turbid water, UV disinfection is very effective at purifying water because it is powerful at inactivating bacteria and viruses. However, as turbidity increases in the water, the effectiveness of using UV disinfection methods is reduced because of the number of suspended solids. To measure turbidity levels in samples, a turbidity sensor is used. Another issue with UV radiation is that it removes all residual disinfectants in the water, therefore we will often have to add residual disinfectants such as chloramines to water after the disinfection process. This method is used daily in developing countries to disinfect drinking water.
5. Conclusion Water purification and disinfection is crucial. It ensures that we and our family are in good health, free from the dangers posed by consumption of contaminated water. It is, therefore crucial to choose a method of water purification for our home, depending on the quality of water available in your local area. However, some methods in current use are not environment- friendly. They lead to wastage of resources like water and electricity. Thus, methods like bio-filters should be popularized among the masses.
PDF Environmental Technology and Sustainability: Physical, Chemical and Biological Technologies for Clean Environmental Management Basanta Kumara Behera download
PDF Environmental Technology and Sustainability: Physical, Chemical and Biological Technologies for Clean Environmental Management Basanta Kumara Behera download
