Gender And Sexuality

Across time

LESSON 2
BARENO EJ BOY BOLO ROBI ALLEN JERICHO MAGBANUA YOLANDO
 INTRODUCTION
Society’s progress has made information more accessible, allowing us to
examine social and political conditions more closely. Throughout history,
human conceptions of gender and sexuality have evolved. In early
civilizations, women were highly regarded due to their ability to conceive,
leading to more egalitarian societies. However, with the discovery of
paternity during the Agricultural era, societies began privileging men,
associating them with public, productive work while women were confined
to domestic roles. This disparity grew during the Industrial era, where men
were preferred for labor-intensive jobs. This presentation explores how the
understanding of gender and sexuality has shifted over time.

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 Patriarchy
A patriarchal system is a societal
construct where men dominate in
various aspects of society, including
the household, workplace, and legal
system. Women are considered
weaker and are limited to domestic
duties and child-rearing. They are not
eligible for inheritance, voting, or
political participation. Sociologists
view patriarchy as a social construct,
with Friedrich Engels arguing that it
was a result of surplus production
and private property.
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 Historical Views on Gender
China Greek Egypt
Confucian ideals in traditional Ancient Greece was deeply Ancient Egypt had flexible
Chinese society emphasized a patriarchal, with men dominating gender roles, with men and
patriarchal hierarchy, with men in public life and women confined women seen as
public life and women in to private spheres. Women were
domestic duties. The Han complementary rather than
expected to manage the
Dynasty reinforced these hierarchical. Women had high
household and bear children,
teachings, requiring women to social and legal status, and
with limited legal and social
obey their fathers, husbands, and both men and women held
rights. Spartan women enjoyed
sons. However, women held positions of authority.
significant power in the imperial
greater freedom and
responsibilities, while Egyptian mythology also
court, such as Empress Wu
Zetian. Despite these rigid gender homosexual relationships were reflected a balance of gender
norms, Chinese history shows seen as important for mentorship roles, with male and female
moments of female leadership, and education. Greek mythology deities often depicted as
cultural influence, and and plays often depicted equals.
intellectual contributions, often powerful goddesses and female
within traditional gender figures.
expectations.

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WOMEN
EMPOWERMENT
The women's liberation movement, also known as
feminism, is a series of social movements aimed at
challenging patriarchal society's oppressive
practices against women. It began in the 19th and
early 20th centuries with first-wave feminism
demanding rights to vote, property ownership, and
participation in elections. Simone de Beauvoir's book
"The Second Sex" in France inspired women to speak
out against patriarchal society. The women's
liberation movement in Europe sought education,
work, and voting rights in the 1940s. Second-wave
feminism focused on social and cultural inequalities,
including domestic violence, reproductive rights, and
wage inequality.

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Here are a few salients points that feminism demands:
1.Women suffrage-women were not allowed to vote before
because they were viewed as irrational and temperamental and
therefore, not able to make rational decisions.
2.Equality in politics and society- for hundreds of years, women's voices were
silenced, so society must make an effort to restore their rights. Representation
is very important for women, so that their genuine concerns are heard in
politics and in society. Feminist have always criticized that old, privileged men
always make the decisions for women at home and in politics.
3.Reproductive rights means the woman is in control of her body, and she can
decide for herself on what she sees is best for her. Contraception, abortion, and
other reproductive options should be available to women because it is their
body.

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Here are a few salients points that feminism demands:
4.Domestic violence- such as marital rape and physical abuse are often
dismissed by society as part of a “marriage”. Although we have RA 9262 or Anti
Violence Against Women and their children, our culture still dismiss such
incidents as “away mag-asawa”.
5.Sexual harassment and sexual violence - The Center for Women's Resources
in the Philippines estimates that one woman or child is raped every hour mostly
by someone they know.

6.Other rights include the right to divorce their husbands, the right to make
decisions on her pregnancy, equitable wages, and equal employment
opportunity.

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 Summary
Recognizing patriarchy in the simple things we do is very important for us to identify these instances
so we can change it. Even the simplest acts that are seemingly harmless can be analyzed and seen as a
way to force women into submission and compliance. That is the power of putting labels on
oppressive acts, and you can call it out and stop it. Feminism gained women access to education, right
to vote, right to work, take control of their reproduction, and the right to say no instead of just
obeying. However, there is still much to be done for gender equality. You can help in making the world
a better place for women by learning to respect and recognizing that women deserve the same rights
as men-that women are not to be treated as the weaker sex or the submissive sex, but rather as an
equal.. Also, use gender neutral language that is not sexist: humanity instead of mankind, the unsteady
of he, to emphasize inclusion. You can also counter gendered metaphors by vocally criticizing its
oppressive nature such as: the aggressive sperm and the passive e.g., babae kase, lalake kase, etc. You
can also advocate for laws and policies that would empower women. You do not have to be a woman
to understand that everyone must be treated with the same respect and that everyone is free and
equal in dignity and in rights.

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THANK YOU