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Course Doc 4

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1.

Urbanization is a defining characteristic of the 21st century, with more


than half of the world's population now living in cities. This shift has
significant implications for social, economic, and environmental
dynamics. Urban areas offer numerous advantages, such as better
access to education, healthcare, and employment opportunities.
However, they also face challenges like overcrowding, pollution, and
inadequate infrastructure. To address these issues, city planners and
policymakers are turning to the concept of smart cities, which leverage
technology to improve urban living. Smart cities use data and digital
infrastructure to enhance transportation, energy management, and
public services, aiming for greater efficiency and sustainability.
Initiatives such as smart grids, intelligent transportation systems, and
green buildings are becoming increasingly common. While the promise
of smart cities is alluring, it is essential to consider the potential
drawbacks, including privacy concerns and the digital divide. A holistic
approach that balances technological innovation with social equity is
crucial for the future of urbanization.

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