CLASS:X INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

INTRODUCTION TO DBMS NOTES

Candidate Key – All the field values that are eligible to be the primary key are the candidate
keys for that table. Such fields can neither be left blank nor can have duplicate values.
• Alternate Key – Out of the candidate keys, one or two are made as primary keys. The others are
the alternate keys.
QUERIES IN LIBRE OFFICE BASE
 FORMS

LibreOffice Base provides the Form feature for data entry purposes and report
feature for displaying the data.

Form

A form is a database object with a user-friendly interface that allows data entry and
viewing in a visually attractive

and accessible method. It serves as the front end for entering and editing data into
any database.

There are two ways to create a form:

1. Using a wizard
2. Using the Design View

Creating a Form Using a Wizard

Creating a Form Using a Wizard is the simplest way to create a form in

LibreOffice base. To create a form using wizard, follow the following steps.

 Step 1: Open Database

 Step 2: Click on Use Wizard to Create Form
 Step 3: Select the fields of your form
 Step 4: Decide if you want to set up a subform
 Step 5: Arrange the controls on your form

 Step 6: Select the data entry mode

 Step 7: Apply Style
 Step 8: Set the name of the form
 Step 9: Click on Finish

Forms Control Toolbar – This toolbar contains various controls that can be added
to the form.

Records Toolbar – The Records toolbar contains the navigation control buttons in
the extreme left.
 Creating Reports using wizard

You can create report from the Report using a wizard. To create a report, follow
the following steps –

 Step 1: Open Database

 Step 2: Click on Use Wizard to Create Report
 Step 3: Select, Which fields do you want to have in your report
 Step 4: Enter, How do you want to label the field
 Step 5: Add grouping levels in the Report Wizard
 Step 6: Select sort option according to the data
 Step 7: How do you want your report to look
 Step 8: Describe how you want to processed
 Step 9: Click on Finish

Questions and Answers

1. What is a database?

Answer – A database is an organized collection of data. Databases can store,

retrieve and manage large amounts of data. The database stores the information in
the form of a table.

2. What is the purpose of a Database Management System?

Answer – A database management system (DBMS) is a software package which

manages and maintains data in a database. A DBMS enables several user
application programs to access the same database at the same time. It enables
organizations to easily create databases for a variety of purposes. A database is a
comprehensive collection of data records, files, and other items.

3. How is data organized in a database?

Answer – There are two way to organized data in database –

a. Flat File – It stores the data in a single table and it is suitable for small amounts
of data.
b. Relational – It stores the data in a multiple table and all the tables are connected
to each other using a common field with the help of relationships.
4. What do you mean by Database Servers?

Answer – Database servers are powerful computers that store and manage data on
a server. This type of server is dedicated to a single purpose and helps to hold the
database and run only DBMS and related software.

5. Give the Advantages of database?

Answer – Advantages of database are –

a. Reduce Data Redundancy – When the same data set is stored in two or more
locations, this is referred to as data redundancy. As a result, this helps in the
protection of duplicate data in a database.

b. Sharing of Data – Databases can share the data with multiple users at a time.
There are multiple levels of authorization to access the data, and as a result, the
data can only be shared with those who are permitted.

c. Data Integrity – The term “data integrity” refers to the accuracy and
consistency of the data in the database. Data integrity also refers to data safety.

d. Data Security – You know that data is very important, databases give privileges
to authorized users and allow them to access the database using username and
password.

e. Privacy – A database’s privacy rule says that only authorized users are
permitted to access the database in accordance with its privacy constraints. For
example – if you log in your Gmail account then you will see your email only, you
will not see any other account email.

f. Backup and Recovery – Backup and recovery are handled automatically by the
Database Management System.

g. Data Consistency – Data consistency ensures the modification in the data will
be the same for all the users who are accessing the database. For example if you
have registered a train ticket from IRCTC website then whatever changes are there
it will be the same for all the users who are trying to reserve the ticket.

6. What are the key features of a database?

Answer – Some of the key features of database are –

a. Multiple table can be store in a single database
b. Database can share the data to multiple users
c. Database can create backups automatically
d. Database save storage spacee.
e. Large amount of data can be managed by database
f. Each table in a database contains separate information
g. Provides high level security

7. What is RDBMS?

Answer – RDBMS stands for Relational Database Management System is an

upgraded version of DBMS, RDBMS stores the data in the form of a table. In
RDBMS multiple tables can be linked together, and support multiple users to
access the database.

8. What different types of keys are available in RDBMS?

Answer – The different keys available in RDBMS are –

a. Primary Key (PK) – A primary key is a unique value that identifies a row in a
table. If the primary key is
defined to any table column it means the duplication will be not allowed.
b. Composite Primary Key – When a primary key is applied to one or more
columns in the same table is known as Composite Primary Key.
c. Foreign Key (FK) – By default columns are foreign key, foreign key points to
the primary key of another table.

9. What are the different database objects?

Answer –
a. Table – A table is a collection of data components structured in the form of
vertical columns and horizontal rows.

b. Columns / Fields / Attributes – Columns or Fields or Attributes all are the

same, A column is a collection of data values of a single data type, one for each
row in a table. It is also known as the heading of the column.

c. Rows / Records / Tuples – A row, also known as a Record or Tuple, is a single

data item in a table. A database table can be represented as a series of rows and
columns or fields. Each row in a table represents a set of related data, and each row
has the same structure.

10. What are data types?

Answer – Datatypes are used to define the type of data that will be stored in the
database. Data types in the OpenOffice base are classified into five types.
a. Numeric Types – Numeric data types are used to describe numerical values for
fields in a database table. Numeric data types used for numbers and decimals.
Some of the important numeric data types are –
a. Boolean
 b. Integer
c. Numeric
d. Decimal
e. Float
f. double

b. Alphanumeric Types – Alphanumeric data types are used to describe character

values for fields in a database.
Some of the important alphanumeric data types are –
a. Longvarchar
b. Char
c. Varchar
d. Varchar_ignorecase

c. Binary Types – For storing data in binary formats, binary data types are used.
Binary data types in a database can be used to store images, music files, and so on.
Some of the important Binary data types are –
a. Varbinary
b. Binary
c. Longvarbinary

d. Date time – Date and time data types are used to describe date and time values
for fields in a database table.
Some of the important Date time data types are –
a. Date
b. Time
c. Timestamp

11. In how many ways tables can be created in Base?

Answer – There are two different ways to creating the table in database –
a. Using Design View
b. Using Wizard

12. Define the structure of a table.

Answer – A table is a collection of data components structured in the form of

vertical columns and horizontal rows.

13. Differentiate between Tuples and Attributes of a table.

Answer – Tuple is a single data item in a table. A database table can be

represented as a series of rows and columns or fields.
An attribute is a collection of data values of a single data type, one for each row in
a table.
14. What is referential Integrity?

Answer – Referential integrity is used to keep data maintained, accurate and

consistent.
Data in Base can be connected between two or more tables using primary key and
foreign key constraints.
Referential integrity helps to –

a. If there is no connected record in the main key table, records are added to a
related table.
b. Changing values in a primary if there are any dependent records in the linked
table
c. If there are any matching linked records in an associated table, records from a
primary key table are deleted.

15. What is the advantage of relationships between two tables?

Answer – Advantage of relationships between two tables are –

a. Save time as there is no need to enter the same data in separate tables.
b. Reduce data-entry errors.
c. Summarize data from related tables.

16. Write about relationship between the tables and its types.

While working with multiple tables, you need to check the redundancy and
inconsistency of data.

This is done by setting relationship between the tables of a database. The types are

One-to-One relationship :
In this type of relationship, one specific record of a master table has one and only
one corresponding record in the transaction table. Both tables in this relationship
must have primary key columns

One-to-Many relationship

In this type of relationship, one specific record of the master table has more than
one corresponding records in the related transaction table. One of the tables in this
relationship must have a primary key column

Many-to-Many relationship
In this type of relationship, there will be multiple records in the master table that
correspond to multiple records in the transaction table as well. The primary key
column is not present in any of the tables in this relationship.
17. What is the file extension for databases created using OpenOffice.Org
Base?

Answer – Extension for OpenOffice base is .odb.

18. List any three file formats that can be managed using OpenOffice.Org
Base?

Answer – The three file formats are –

a. .odt – This file format use for create digital document file
b. .odd – This file format use for create spreadsheet
c. .odp – This file format use for creating presentation file

19. Write about the four options of relationship between tables to maintain the
Referential Integrity.

Answer –
• No action –This option states that a user should not be allowed to update or
delete any record in the master table if any related record exists in the transaction
table.
• Update cascade – This option allows the user to delete or update the referenced
field but along with it all the related records in any of the transaction tables will
also be deleted or updated.
• Set NULL – This option assigns NULL value to all the related fields if the
master record is deleted or updated.
• Set default – This option assigns any fixed default value to all the related fields if
the master record is deleted or updated.

20. What do you mean by Sorting? In how many ways it can be done?

Answer – The process of arranging the records in particular order on any filed is
called as sorting.
Sort Ascending: if the table has to be sorted in descending order of selected field.
Sort Descending: if the table has to be sorted in descending order of selected field.
Sort: Sometimes we may need to sort the table based on more than one fields. In
such case, click Sort

21. Explain Referential Integrity with the help of an example.

Answer – Referential integrity is used to keep data maintained, accurate and

consistent.

Data in Base can be connected between two or more tables using primary key and
foreign key constraints.
For example – Suppose there is two table “Student_details” and “fee_details”,
in the student_detils table fields are –
Grno, Student_name, Address, phone_number ( here Grno is primary key)

In the Fee_details table fields are –

Grno, Fee_date, Amount (here Grno is foregn key)

Here, both have a common field “Grno” this is known as referential Integrity.

22. How many types of language are there in the database?

Answer – Three are two types of languages –

DDL (Data definition language) – Data definition language is used to design and
modify the structure of a database.
Common DDL commands are
a. Create – This command is used to create database
b. Alter – This command is used to modify the database.
c. Drop – This command is used to delete database tables.

DML (Data manipulation language) – Data manipulation language provides

commands for manipulating data

in databases.
Common DML commands are
a. Select – This command is used to display information from the database.
b. Insert – This command is used to insert new records in the database.
c. Delete – This command is used to delete records from the database.
d. Update – This command is used to modify records in the database.

23. Name DML commands.

Answer – Data manipulation language (DML) access and manipulate data in

existing tables.
Name of DML commands –
a. Select
b. Insert
c. Update
d. Delete

24. What is the purpose of using queries?

Answer – Queries are commands that describe the data structure as well as
manipulate the data in the database. The purpose of a query is to do calculations,
integrate data from many tables, and add, alter, or delete data from a database.
25.Why there is a need to create Forms?

Answer – A form allows the user to enter information into a database in a

systematic manner. It is a user-defined interface that allows users to see, enter, and
edit data directly in database.

26. What is the purpose of creating Reports?

Answer – Reports help to present the data in proper manner which is stored in the
database, It also displays the data in summary format.

27. What is the difference between design view and Form view?

Design View is meant for making some modifications in the form. Right click on
the form name and select Edit to enter Design view
Form view is meant to add, edit and view records in a form.
To toggle between Design view and Form view press Design Mode button on the
Forms Controls toolbar.

28. What are the prerequisites to create a Form and Reports?

Answer –
Forms –
a. Forms help or manage to store data in a systematic format.
b. The prerequisites to create a form would be –
c. Add all the necessary fields in the form
d. Make the connection between form and the table
Reports –
a. Reports display the data in a summarized manner.
b. The prerequisites to create a report would be –
c. Data
d. Data source

29. Differentiate between Forms and Reports.

Answer –
Form
a. Forms are used to store the data in the semantic way
b. Edit, delete & modify can be easily managed
c. Auto calculation can be done easily

Report
a. Report display the data in the presenting format
b. Report can display all the record from the table
c. Edit, delete & modification cannot be done through report
d. You can take printout with the help of report

30. Can a form display data from queries?

Answer – Yes form can display the data from queries, with the help of query you
can filter the data and you can display in the form.

31. What is a tool tip in Forms? How will you add a tool tip for a label in
Forms?

Answer – A tool-tip is a small piece of text that is displayed when the mouse
pointer is placed on a particular control.
Press Ctrl + click on a text box. Right click and select Control Properties option.
In the dialog box, scroll down till Help Text property appears. Type the required
text.

32. In how many ways Forms and Reports can be created in a database?

Answer – There are two ways to create a form and report in the database.
a. Using Wizard
b. Using Design View