Chemistry chapter21

Matching

Match each item with the correct statement below.

a. anode d. half-cell
b. battery e. cathode
c. fuel cell
A
____ 1. the electrode at which oxidation occurs
D
____ 2. one part of a voltaic cell in which either oxidation or reduction occurs
E
____ 3. the electrode at which reduction occurs
B
____ 4. a group of cells that are connected together
C
____ 5. a voltaic cell in which a fuel substance undergoes oxidation and from which electrical energy is obtained
continuously

Match each item with the correct statement below.

a. electrode d. voltaic cell
b. electrolysis e. dry cell
c. salt bridge
C
____ 6. a tube containing a conducting solution
A
____ 7. a conductor in a circuit that carries electrons to or from a substance other than a metal
D
____ 8. an electrochemical cell that is used to convert chemical energy to electrical energy
E
____ 9. a voltaic cell in which the electrolyte is a paste
B 10. a process in which electrical energy is used to bring about a chemical change
____

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____ 11. Which metal is the most easily oxidized?

a. highly active metal
b. moderately active metal
c. slightly active metal
d. an inactive metal
____ 12. Which of these metal’s ions are most easily reduced ?
a. iron
b. mercury
c. aluminum
d. potassium
____ 13. Which of the following metals will be oxidized by calcium ions?
a. potassium
b. zinc
c. iron

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 d. lead
____ 14. Which metal will plate a lead strip that is dipped into a solution of its ions?
a. potassium
b. calcium
c. mercury
d. cadmium
____ 15. Which of these ions is most easily reduced?
a. Cu
b. Zn
c. Ni
d. Ca

____ 16. How is the cell potential of a voltaic cell calculated?

a. Ecell = Ered Eoxid
b. Ecell = Eoxid Ered
c. Ecell = Ered + Eoxid
d. Ecell = Ered Eoxid
____ 17. The first electrochemical cell was invented by ____
a. Michael Faraday.
b. Alessandro Volta.
c. James Maxwell.
d. Benjamin Franklin.

____ 18. In a zinc-copper cell, Zn | Zn (1M) || Cu (1M) | Cu, of which material is the negative made?
a. Cu (aq)
b. Cu(s)
c. Zn(s)
d. Zn (aq)

____ 19. How can a redox reaction be used as a source of electrical energy?
a. Two half-reactions must be physically separated.
b. One half-reaction must involve two metals.
c. Two half-reactions must involve more than one electron.
d. One half-reaction must use a metal wire electrode.
____ 20. What happens in a voltaic cell?
a. Chemical energy is changed to electrical energy.
b. Electrical energy is changed to chemical energy.
c. Electrical energy is changed to magnetic energy.
d. Magnetic energy is changed to electrical energy.
____ 21. How is the standard reduction potential of a half-cell determined?
a. by direct measurement of the potential with a voltmeter
b. by measuring the voltage of a cell with a standard hydrogen electrode
c. by measuring the voltage of a cell with a standard mercury electrode
d. by connecting two of the half-cells in opposite directions and measuring the voltage
____ 22. At which electrode does oxidation occur in a voltaic cell?

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 a. the half-cell with the greater tendency to acquire electrons
b. the half-cell with the greater tendency to lose electrons
c. the half-cell with the greater value of reduction potential
d. the half-cell with the greater value of standard cell potential
____ 23. Which electrode is labeled as positive in a voltaic cell?
a. anode
b. cathode
c. standard hydrogen electrode
d. mercury electrode

____ 24. The half reaction at a barium electrode is: Ba2+ + 2e Ba

For a cell using a barium electrode and a hydrogen electrode, E° = 2.90 V. What is the standard reduction
potential of the barium electrode?

a. 2.90 V
b. 1.45 V
c. 1.45 V
d. 2.90 V
____ 25. A zinc-copper cell is constructed:
Zn | Zn (1M) || Cu (1M) | Cu.
What occurs to the mass of the copper electrode as the reaction proceeds?
(Zinc is above copper in the activity series of metals.)
a. The mass of copper decreases.
b. The mass of copper increases.
c. Current flows but the mass of copper does not change.
d. No current flows and the mass of copper does not change.
____ 26. What balances charges that build up as reduction and oxidation occur in a voltaic cell?
a. the salt bridge
b. one of the half-cells
c. the electrolyte solutions
d. the moving electrons
____ 27. Which of the following factors does NOT affect the voltage produced in a voltaic cell?
a. metal of the electrodes
b. concentrations of ions
c. temperature
d. pressure
____ 28. In a dry cell, the electrolyte is a
a. solid.
b. paste.
c. liquid.
d. gas.
____ 29. What is the electrode in the center of the most common dry cell made of?
a. copper
b. zinc
c. iron
d. graphite

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____ 30. What is oxidized in a graphite dry cell battery?
a. copper
b. zinc
c. iron
d. carbon
____ 31. What is reduced in a graphite dry cell battery?
a. copper
b. zinc
c. manganese dioxide
d. carbon
____ 32. A cell is built using two electrodes:

Al3+ + 3e Al E° = 1.66V
Cu2+ + 2e Cu E° = +0.34V

What reaction occurs at the cathode?

a. Al3+ + 3e Al
b. Al 3+
Al + 3e
c. Cu2+ + 2e Cu
d. Cu 2+
Cu + 2e
____ 33. What electrolyte is used in a lead storage battery?
a. hydrochloric acid
b. sulfuric acid
c. lead acetate
d. lead nitrate
____ 34. In a fully charged lead storage battery, the cathode grid is packed with ____.
a. spongy lead
b. lead sulfate
c. lead(IV) oxide
d. sulfuric acid
____ 35. Why can’t a lead storage battery be recharged indefinitely?
a. A direct current must pass through the cells.
b. The electrodes lose lead sulfate.
c. It is difficult to reverse the direction of current flow.
d. The electrolyte is too expensive.
____ 36. What substance is reduced in a lead storage battery?
a. lead(IV) oxide
b. sulfate ion
c. sulfuric acid
d. lead
____ 37. How is a lead storage battery recharged?
a. A direct current is applied to it.
b. A magnet is held close to it.
c. Alternating current is forced through it.

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 d. The pressure on it is increased.
____ 38. When a lead storage battery discharges, the concentration of
a. sulfuric acid increases.
b. sulfuric acid decreases.
c. lead sulfate in the battery decreases.
d. lead sulfate in the battery remains constant.
____ 39. A cell is built using two electrodes:

Al3+ + 3e Al E° = 1.66V
Cu2+ + 2e Cu E° = +0.34V

What is the standard cell potential of this cell?

a. E°cell = 2.00V
b. E°cell = 1.32V
c. E°cell = +1.32V
d. E°cell = +2.00V
____ 40. The substance reduced in a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell is ____.
a. water
b. hydrogen
c. hydrogen peroxide
d. oxygen
____ 41. What material is generally used as an electrolyte in a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell?
a. sulfuric acid
b. hydrochloric acid
c. potassium hydroxide
d. sodium hydroxide
____ 42. A cell is built using two electrodes:

Ag+ + e Ag E° = +0.80V
Hg2+ + 2e Hg E° = +0.85V

What reaction occurs at the anode?

a. Ag+ + e Ag
b. Ag Ag+ + e
c. Hg2+ + 2e Hg
d. Hg 2+
Hg + 2e
____ 43. What is the cell potential?
a. the difference in reduction potentials of the half-cells
b. the difference in oxidation potentials of the half-cells
c. the sum of reduction potentials of the half-cells
d. the sum of oxidation potentials of the half-cells
____ 44. Which type of electrode has been assigned a half-cell potential of 0.00 V?
a. oxygen
b. hydrogen

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 c. lithium
d. fluorine
____ 45. A cell is built using two electrodes:

Zn2+ + 2e → Zn E° = 0.76V
Ba2+ + 2e → Ba E° = 2.90V

What is the standard cell potential of this cell?

a. E°cell = 3.66V
b. E°cell = 2.14V
c. E°cell = +2.14V
d. E°cell = +3.66V
____ 46. What is the cell reaction for a voltaic cell composed of the following half-cells?

Co2+ + 2e → Co E° = 0.28V
Na+ + e → Na E° = 2.71V

a. Co2+ + Na → Co + Na+
b. Co2+ + 2Na → Co + 2Na+
c. Co2+ + Na+ → Co + Na
d. Co + 2Na+ → Co2+ + 2Na
____ 47. What symbol is used to show the standard reduction potential of an oxidation reaction in a half-cell?
a. P
b. E
c. E
d. V

____ 48. What reaction is spontaneous for the following cell?

Ag/Ag E° = 0.80V
Fe/Fe E° = 0.44V

a. 2Ag + Fe → 2Ag + Fe
b. 2Ag + Fe → 2Ag + Fe
c. 2Ag + Fe → 2Ag + Fe
d. There is no spontaneous reaction for this cell.

____ 49. What is the standard cell potential of a cell made of theoretical metals Ma/Ma and Mb/Mb if the
reduction potentials are –0.14 V and –0.41 V, respectively?
a. –0.27 V
b. +0.27 V
c. –0.55 V
d. +0.55 V

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____ 50. Which reaction occurs when bromine is added to an aqueous solution of iodide ions?
a. 2I + Br → I + 2Br
b. I + 2Br → Br + 2I
c. 2I + 2Br → I + Br
d. I + Br → 2I + 2Br

____ 51. Which metal will react spontaneously with Cu (aq) at 25 C?

a. Ag
b. Au
c. Mg
d. Hg
____ 52. What causes current to flow in an electrolytic cell?
a. an outside power source
b. a spontaneous redox reaction
c. a nonspontaneous redox reaction
d. difference in potential between the two half-cells
____ 53. Which of the following is the name of a process in which electrical energy causes a chemical reaction?
a. hydrolysis
b. electrolysis
c. oxidation
d. electronation
____ 54. By convention, which electrodes are labeled as the positive electrodes in electrochemical cells?
a. cathode in electrolytic cells, anode in voltaic cells
b. anode in electrolytic cells, cathode in voltaic cells
c. cathode in both types of cells
d. anode in both types of cells
____ 55. What reaction occurs when a current is applied to two electrodes immersed in pure water?
a. No reaction occurs in the cell.
b. Water is produced at both electrodes.
c. Hydrogen is produced at the anode and oxygen at the cathode.
d. Hydrogen is produced at the cathode and oxygen at the anode.
____ 56. Which of the following is true about an electrolytic cell?
a. It changes electrical energy into chemical energy.
b. It is the type of cell used in electroplating.
c. It uses an electric current to make a nonspontaneous reaction go.
d. all of the above
____ 57. What is the purpose of the electrolyte in a cell used to electrolyze water?
a. It reacts with water to produce hydrogen.
b. It reacts with water to produce oxygen.
c. It carries current between the electrodes.
d. It neutralizes the ions produced at the electrodes.
____ 58. What is produced in the electrolysis of brine?
a. chlorine gas, sodium hydroxide, and hydrogen gas

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 b. chlorine gas and hydrogen gas only
c. chlorine gas and oxygen gas only
d. chlorine gas and sodium only
____ 59. The gas produced at the cathode in the electrolysis of brine is ____.
a. hydroxide
b. chlorines
c. oxygen
d. hydrogen
____ 60. Identify the products formed in the net reaction of the electrolysis of water.
a. liquid hydrogen and oxygen gas
b. liquid oxygen and hydrogen gas
c. hydrogen gas and oxygen gas
d. aqueous hydrogen ion and hydroxyl ion
____ 61. In the electrolysis of brine, the substances produced at the cathode are ____.
a. hydrogen gas and hydroxide ions
b. oxygen gas and hydroxide ions
c. sodium metal and hydrogen gas
d. chlorine gas and hydrogen gas
____ 62. What occurs in electroplating?
a. deposition of a salt layer on a metal
b. deposition of a metal layer on a material
c. decomposition of a metal layer
d. decomposition of a salt layer
____ 63. In electroplating, the object to be electroplated is placed ____.
a. at the anode
b. at the cathode
c. at either the anode or cathode
d. in between the anode and the cathode

Short Answer

64. What is the voltage of a single cell in a lead storage battery? 2.0 V

65. At what concentration of ion is the standard cell potential measured? 1.0 M in each half cell

66. At what temperature is the standard cell potential measured? 25 Celius

67. What reaction is spontaneous for the following cell?

Ag+ + e Ag E° = 0.80V 2Ag+ + Ba 2Ag + Ba2+

Ba2+ + 2e Ba E° = 2.90V

68. In which direction will the following reaction proceed if the standard reduction potential for Ag/Ag is +0.80
V and that for Ni/Ni is –0.25 V?
Ag + Ni → Ag + Ni 0.80 V – (–0.25) V = +1.05 V

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 69. What is the standard cell potential of a cell made of Na/Na and F /F if the reduction potentials are –2.71 V
and +2.87 V, respectively? +5.58 V

70. What is the standard cell potential of a voltaic cell made of Cu/Cu and Fe/Fe if the reduction potentials
are 0.34 V and 0.44 V, respectively? 0.34V – (–0.44) V = 0.78 V

71. What is the standard cell potential of a cell made of Na/Na and Cl /Cl if the reduction potentials are –2.71
V and +1.36 V, respectively? 1.36 V – (–2.71) V = +4.07 V

72. What is the standard cell potential of a cell made of Na/Na and Zn/Zn if the reduction potentials are –2.71
V and –0.76 V, respectively?
+3.47

Answer Section

MATCHING

1. ANS: A
2. ANS: D
3. ANS: E
4. ANS: B
5. ANS: C
6. ANS: C
7. ANS: A
8. ANS: D
9. ANS: E
10. ANS: B

MULTIPLE CHOICE

11. ANS: A
12. ANS: B
13. ANS: A
14. ANS: C
15. ANS: A
16. ANS: A
17. ANS: B
18. ANS: C
.
19. ANS: A
20. ANS: A
21. ANS: B

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 22. ANS: B
23. ANS: B
24. ANS: A
25. ANS: B
26. ANS: D
27. ANS: D
28. ANS: B
29. ANS: D
30. ANS: B
31. ANS: C
32. ANS: B
33. ANS: B
34. ANS: C
35. ANS: B
36. ANS: A
37. ANS: A
38. ANS: B
39. ANS: D
40. ANS: D
41. ANS: C
42. ANS: C
43. ANS: A
44. ANS: B
45. ANS: C
46. ANS: B
47. ANS: C
48. ANS: A
49. ANS: B
50. ANS: A
51. ANS: C
52. ANS: A
53. ANS: B
54. ANS: B
55. ANS: A
56. ANS: D
57. ANS: C
58. ANS: A
59. ANS: D
60. ANS: C
61. ANS: A
62. ANS: B
63. ANS: B

SHORT ANSWER

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64. ANS:
2.0 V
65. ANS:
1.0M in each half-cell

66. ANS:
25 C

67. ANS:
2Ag+ + Ba 2Ag + Ba2+

68. ANS:
0.80 V – (–0.25) V = +1.05 V
Direction is forward because sign of standard potential is positive.

69. ANS:
+5.58 V

70. ANS:
0.34V – (–0.44) V = 0.78 V

71. ANS:
1.36 V – (–2.71) V = +4.07 V

72. ANS:
+3.47

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