Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Scribd
Upload
0 views

problemset0

This document outlines the key concepts for PHYS 211 Discussion Session 1, focusing on dimensional analysis, vector review, and rotated frames of reference. It includes problems related to dimensional analysis of force and gravitational laws, vector components, and net force calculations in a rotated reference frame. The session emphasizes understanding physical relationships and the application of vector operations in mechanics.

Uploaded by

william130702
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0 views

problemset0

This document outlines the key concepts for PHYS 211 Discussion Session 1, focusing on dimensional analysis, vector review, and rotated frames of reference. It includes problems related to dimensional analysis of force and gravitational laws, vector components, and net force calculations in a rotated reference frame. The session emphasizes understanding physical relationships and the application of vector operations in mechanics.

Uploaded by

william130702
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 6

PHYS 211 Discussion Intro and review Session 1

Concepts this Week

Relevant Lectures for Discussion:


1. None

Current PreLectures: None

Key concepts this week:


• Dimensional analysis
◦ Identifying dimensions of common quantities
◦ Deducing physical relationships
• Vector review
◦ Vector addition and subtraction
◦ Dot and cross products
• Rotated frames of reference
◦ Decomposing vectors into components
PHYS 211 Discussion Intro and review Session 1

Problem 1: Dimensional analysis (A)

The Système International (SI) system of consists of seven base quantities and their
corresponding base units:
Base Quantity Base Unit
Length Meter (m)
Mass Kilogram (kg)
Time Second (s)
Electric current Ampere (A)
Temperature Kelvin (K)
Amount of substance Mole (mol)
Luminous intensity Candela (cd)

We shall refer to the dimension of the base quantity by the quantity itself, for example
dim[length] ≡ length ≡ L, dim[mass] ≡ mass ≡ M, dim[time] ≡ time ≡ T. We’ll also drop
the “dim” and simply use the square parentheses to denote dimensions.

Mechanics (the subject of this course) is based on just the first three of these quantities,
the MKS or meter-kilogram-second system.

Many physical quantities are derived from the base quantities, for example velocity is a
derived quantity with dimensions
[𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ]
𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 = = 𝐿 ∗ 𝑇 !!
[𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒]
and acceleration, similarly, has dimensions
[𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦] [𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ] 1
𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = = = 𝐿 ∗ 𝑇 !!
[𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒] [𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒] [𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒]

Dimensional analysis is useful in practice because it allows you to check that your
algebraic expressions are dimensionally correct. That is, you can only add together
quantities of the same dimensions and both sides of an equation must have the same
dimensions. For example, Newton’s second law relates the force 𝐹, mass 𝑚, and
acceleration 𝑎 of an object.
𝐹 = 𝑚𝑎

1) What are the dimensions of force?

2) Newton’s universal law of gravitation for the magnitude of the gravitational force
between two objects of masses M and m, separated a distance r is
𝑀𝑚
𝐹=𝐺 !
𝑟
What are the dimensions of Newton’s constant?
PHYS 211 Discussion Intro and review Session 1

3) Consider a simple harmonic oscillator consisting of a mass m, on a spring of


constant k. For a spring that’s been stretched, the period is the time it takes the
end of the spring to oscillate back to its starting position. Use dimensional
analysis to determine which of the following possibilities is the correct
expression.
(Hint: Recall that the force of a spring is given by F = kx, where x is the amount
the spring has been stretched, and use this to determine the dimensions of k)

!
(A) 𝑇 = 2𝜋 !

!
(B) 𝑇 = 2𝜋 !

!
(C) 𝑇 = 2𝜋 !

(D) 𝑇 = 2𝜋 𝑚 + 𝑘
PHYS 211 Discussion Intro and review Session 1

Problem 2: Vectors review (B)

𝐀
+𝑦 𝑦

+𝑥 𝜃! 𝑦
𝜃! 𝑦 B
1) Find the x and y components of the following vectors
a) 𝐴 = 10 meters and 𝜃! = 40 degrees
b) 𝐵 = 2.5 meters and 𝜃! = 20 degrees

2) Find the magnitude and direction (angle CCW from the horizontal) for
vectors with the following components.
a) x = 5 meters, y = 17 meters
b) x = -8 Newtons, y = 3 Newtons
c) x = 3 Newtons, y = -8 Newtons
d) x = -13 meters/second, y = -24 meters/second
PHYS 211 Discussion Intro and review Session 1

3) First, graphically depict the vector addition of 𝐴 + 𝐵 from the vectors in


the first problem, then find the components of the resulting vector.
Why can these vectors be added together?

4) Evaluate the dot product 𝐴 ⋅ 𝐵 (including units!)


PHYS 211 Discussion Intro and review Session 1

Problem 3: Rotated reference frames (C)


𝐹!
𝐹!
𝐹!

𝑦
+𝑦 +𝑥

𝐹!
This problem deals with a rotated reference frame so that the +𝑥 direction is
along the ramp and the +𝑦 direction is perpendicular to the ramp. In the
figure above, several forces are acting on a box that is currently sitting on the
ramp. The angle the ramp makes with the horizontal is 𝜃 = 25 degrees. The
force 𝐹! = 20 N (Newtons) is purely horizontal and the force 𝐹! = 25 N is
purely vertical. The force 𝐹! = 10 N is perpendicular to the plane of the ramp
and the force 𝐹! = 12 N is parallel to the plane of the ramp.

Find the x and y components of the net force, the vector sum of all forces
acting on the box, along the axes shown at the bottom of the ramp.

You might also like