OSC Audit: OFT Procurement Practices

New York State Office of the State Comptroller Thomas P.
DiNapoli
Division of State Government Accountability
Procurement and Contracting Practices Office for Technology
Report 2010-S-71
February 2012
2010-S-71
Executive Summary
Purpose
To determine whether the Office for Technologys (OFT) procurement and contracting practices resulted in the best value for taxpayers, consistent with applicable legal, regulatory and ethical requirements. The audit covers the period April 1, 2008 through December 2, 2011.
Background
OFT plays a highly significant strategic and technology procurement role in State government. The agency serves as one of the States principal technology procurement entities responsible for what should be competitive and efficient procurement of some of the States largest non-capital contracts. In October 2010, the State Comptroller rejected a contract submitted by OFT for staff augmentation valued at $7.5 billion. The Comptroller cited flawed cost evaluation methodologies in the rejection and determined the value of the contract appeared to overstate IT consultant spending in the State. As a result, the Comptroller ordered a full-scale independent audit of OFTs contracting and procurement practices be conducted by his Division of State Government Accountability.
Key Findings
This report provides details surrounding several major problems and potential ethics violations, including how: OFT Wasted $1.5 million in a Contract with McAfee; Deputy CIO Rico Singleton Used His Official Position in Apparent Violation of the Public Officers Law; Unfair bidding practices and inappropriate negotiations with vendors regarding contract terminations; and Discretionary Purchases Exhibit Disregard for Requirements.
Key Recommendations
The Comptroller has referred Mr. Singletons possible violations of the Public Officers Law to the Joint Commission on Public Ethics. In addition, OFT should take significant steps to change its organizational culture and control environment to ensure that proper contracting and purchasing practices are put in place and complied with. This includes complying with existing controls and safeguards to prevent fraud, waste and abuse of State resources, and monitoring their actual implementation to ensure that unethical practices will not occur in the future.
Other Related Audits/Reports of Interest
Office of Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Preservation Fund Procurement Practices at Springbrook NY, Inc., 2007-S-51, Office of Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Physical Plant Procurement Practices at Central New York Developmental Disabilities Services Office, 2007-S-136, Division of State Government Accountability 1
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State of New York Office of the State Comptroller Division of State Government Accountability
February 28, 2012 Daniel C. Chan, Ph.D. Acting Chief Information Officer & Director of Office for Technology Empire State Plaza P.O. Box 2062 Albany, NY 12220 Dear Dr. Chan: The Office of the State Comptroller is committed to helping State agencies, public authorities and local government agencies manage government resources efficiently and effectively and, by so doing, providing accountability for tax dollars spent to support government operations. The Comptroller oversees the fiscal affairs of State agencies, public authorities and local government agencies, as well as their compliance with relevant statutes and their observance of good business practices. This fiscal oversight is accomplished, in part, through our audits, which identify opportunities for improving operations. Audits can also identify strategies for reducing costs and strengthening controls that are intended to safeguard assets. Following is a report of our audit of Unethical and Inefficient Procurement and Contracting Practices. This audit was performed pursuant to the State Comptrollers authority under Article V, Section 1 of the State Constitution and Article II, Section 8 of the State Finance Law. This audits results and recommendations are resources for you to use in effectively managing your operations and in meeting the expectations of taxpayers. If you have any questions about this report, please feel free to contact us. Respectfully submitted,
Office of the State Comptroller Division of State Government Accountability
2010-S-71
Table of Contents
Background Audit Findings and Recommendations OFT Wasted $1.5 million in a Contract with McAfee Deputy CIO Rico Singleton Used His Official Position in Apparent Violation of the Public Officers Law Discretionary Purchases Exhibit Disregard for Requirements Recommendations Next Steps Audit Scope and Methodology Authority Reporting Requirements Exhibit A Contributors to this Report Agency Comments State Comptrollers Comments 7 15 16 17 18 18 18 20 21 22 90 4 5 5
State Government Accountability Contact Information: Audit Director: John Buyce Phone: (518) 474-3271 Email: StateGovernmentAccountability@osc.state.ny.us Address: Office of the State Comptroller Division of State Government Accountability 110 State Street, 11th Floor Albany, NY 12236 This report is also available on our website at: www.osc.state.ny.us Division of State Government Accountability 3
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Background
The New York State Office for Technology (OFT) plays a highly significant strategic and technology procurement role in State government. OFT is responsible for providing centralized information technology services to the State and its governmental entities. OFT also sets statewide technology policy for all State government agencies, assists agencies with large technology procurements and monitors all large technology expenditures in the State, seeking efficiencies, lower costs, and innovative solutions. With an annual budget of about $434 million, the agency serves as one of the States principal technology procurement entities responsible for what should be competitive and efficient procurement of some of the States largest non-capital contracts. In August 2009, the Office of the State Comptrollers Bureau of State Expenditures found that OFT lacked complete procurement records containing information necessary to support eight of the nine contracts then under review. In October 2010, the State Comptroller rejected a contract submitted by OFT for staff augmentation valued at $7.5 billion. The Comptroller cited flawed cost evaluation methodologies in the rejection and determined the value of the contract appeared to overstate IT consultant spending in the State. As a result, the Comptroller ordered a full-scale independent audit of OFTs contracting and procurement practices be conducted by his Division of State Government Accountability. OFT, like other State agencies, must abide by the State Finance Law, which requires agencies to protect the interests of the State and its taxpayers by promoting fairness in contracting with the business community; conducting formal competitive procurements to the maximum extent practicable; and documenting the determination of the method of procurement and the basis of the award in the procurement record. For purchases up to $50,000, New York State Procurement Guidelines require agencies to ensure that the commodities and services acquired meet their form, function and utility needs, and document and justify both the selection of the vendor and the reasonableness of the price. In procurement matters, as in all their actions, OFT employees must conform their conduct to the ethical standards contained in the New York State Public Officers Law which requires that an official solely use his or her authority in a manner which serves the public and directs the official to avoid any actual and apparent conflicts of interest. In addition, OFT has developed its own purchasing and ethics policies. The Offices Purchasing Policy states: The procurement process should result in a solution that best meets the agencys needs, and guards against favoritism, fraud and collusion. The Ethics Policy provides, Officers and employees of State government may not engage in activities that would create or appear to create a conflict with their public duties and State officers and employees should conduct themselves in ways to avoid suspicion among the public that the employees are likely to be engaged in acts that are in violation of the publics trust.
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Audit Findings and Recommendations

We found a culture, emanating from the highest levels of the agency, that disregarded the New York State Finance Law, the States Procurement Guidelines and OFTs own procurement policies. This did not result in the best value for the taxpayers, but instead led to a waste of substantial public resources. Moreover, in several notable instances, transgressions appear to have been motivated by personal gain and may violate the ethics standards contained in the New York State Public Officers Law. In responding to our draft report, OFT acknowledges the serious misconduct by its former executives as detailed in the following sections of this report, which they characterize as total derogation of authority and intentional disregard of ethics training. At the same time, officials say that these deeds are attributable to just one person and his supervisor, who they say ignored and flouted recognized contracting, procurement and ethical guidelines. They assert that our audit conclusions mischaracterize current operations and fail to acknowledge corrective actions; particularly those taken since the new Chief Information Officer was appointed in April 2011, which they believe has resulted in significant cultural and organizational change. We are heartened by this new administrations stated commitment to ethics and integrity, which includes a collaborative environment, an open door policy and reduced reliance on contracts that deviate from normal procurement processes. However, these abuses were flagrant, significant and not well hidden; yet no one stepped forward to question these actions, clearly indicating that the tone set by these top officials had permeated the organizations understanding of what type of behavior was acceptable. Despite new managements best efforts, such attitudes and behaviors do not change overnight. Indeed, even after the departure of Mr. Rico Singleton on December 16, 2010, present OFT staff including the General Counsel continued to seek monetary credits from Computer Associates Inc. as recently as November 2011 despite OSC legal representations that such actions are inappropriate. Therefore, while we support managements new directions, we will also continue to monitor and scrutinize OFT procurement activity in the foreseeable future to ensure that similar problems do not recur.
OFT Wasted $1.5 million in a Contract with McAfee

We found OFT officials wasted at least $1.5 million in State money on one contract. In March 2009, OFT entered into a $5.7 million three year agreement with a software security firm (McAfee) that was supposed to provide cost savings by combining the use of anti-virus, security, and other related products across agencies. The agreement provided unlimited licenses and maintenance for State agencies and localities, with certain exclusions. OFT paid $1.9 million upfront for the first year cost of the contract and planned to recoup these costs by reselling the licenses to other agencies. However, in the end, OFT recouped less than $400,000. According to the former Deputy CIO of Shared Services, this agreement failed because of a disconnect between projected demand and actual demand. OFT sent surveys to various state entities to determine what security products they used, when they expired, and how much they Division of State Government Accountability 5
2010-S-71 cost. In addition, they asked if agencies were interested in participating in an agreement for McAfee endpoint total protection products. About 78 percent of the 41 entities said they would be interested in participating. However, after the agreement was signed, other survey results showed about one-third of the 60 entities responding were not interested in participating in the agreement. Some OFT officials told us they had expressed concerns about the agreement, but they were ignored. These officials felt former Deputy CIO Rico Singleton wanted to get the project done as a quick win. In addition, McAfee officials also noted that former CIO Melodie Mayberry-Stewart had declared that they did not have time to engage in a competitive bidding process, even though negotiations began in August 2008 and documentation provided by McAfee indicates the negotiated pricing was available until the end of March 2009 over seven months later. We also found that once the agreement was signed, two important issues still had not been resolved. First, there were disagreements on whether or not the agreement would apply to operating systems other than Windows. Although entities were eventually able to apply the agreement to other operating systems, this issue should have been decided before the contract was signed. Second and more importantly, it became clear that McAfee could not meet OFTs Minority- and Women-Owned Business Enterprise (MWBE) goal requirements. In fact, MWBE participation was not addressed in the contract at all. McAfee ultimately sought a waiver of the requirements, and received it months later after much discussion between the two parties. However, according to documentation provided by McAfee, its staff was told by an OFT Contract and Procurement Supervisor that they could solve the problem simply by providing incorrect information, as long as the MWBE form was filled out and submitted. There are also other indications that OFT was not prepared to implement this project at the time the contract was signed. McAfee officials told us that OFT did not have the technical expertise needed to handle the distribution of the McAfee products. Specifically, OFT lacked an effective system to manage the products being purchased, or to perform necessary billing. McAfee officials noted that they offered to build a program to manage the project and perform billing, but OFT officials did not want to make the investment and rejected the offer. Even after McAfee offered to build a program for free, OFT still rejected it. McAfee also told us that OFT needed professional help to facilitate the implementation of some of the products. Again, McAfee originally offered to provide these services for a fee, but was rejected. McAfee eventually offered to do the first five agencies for free, but was again rejected by OFT officials. The agreement was ultimately terminated after the first year. In the end, OFT recouped only $376,886 of its costs through other entities and more than $1.5 million already paid to McAfee as upfront fees for the various products was wasted. This is not the first time that a major OFT initiative has fallen short of expectations due to poor management. OFT previously had a $42 million agreement with another software vendor for acquisition, subscription, licensing, and support for their programs. In 2006, this arrangement was investigated by the New York State Inspector General, who found inadequate oversight of the multi-million dollar transaction. At the time, OFT assured the Inspector General that new Division of State Government Accountability 6
2010-S-71 procedures had been implemented to provide for more effective oversight. However, we found some of the same issues in our examination of the McAfee agreement. According to an OFT staff member, both the prior failed agreement and the Inspector Generals recommendations were pointed out to Mr. Singleton by senior management staff, but these warnings were ignored.
Deputy CIO Rico Singleton Used His Official Position in Apparent Violation of the Public Officers Law
As previously noted, the McAfee agreement on which OFT wasted over $1.5 million was substantially negotiated by Deputy CIO Rico Singleton. We found Mr. Singletons behavior during and immediately after negotiations with McAfee raises serious questions regarding his motivations. In fact, on several occasions throughout the negotiations and implementation of this multi-million dollar contract with McAfee, it appears Deputy CIO Singleton violated the publics trust. We determined that Mr. Singleton developed a friendship with the McAfee account manager and then appears to have used his position of authority with OFT to obtain a job with McAfee for his girlfriend immediately after the agreement was signed. Compounding this apparent misuse of his public office, Mr. Singleton himself solicited and later interviewed, in their Atlanta offices, for a position with McAfee, within a month of when the company was paid $1.9 million dollars. According to McAfee officials, his airfare and hotel were paid for by the vendor. Specifically, the Public Officers Law provides that no public officer or employee: should use or attempt to use his or her official position to secure unwarranted privileges or exemptions for himself or herself or others, including but not limited to, the misappropriation to himself, herself or to others of the property, services or other resources of the State for private business or other compensated non-governmental purposes (74(3)(d)); should not by his conduct give reasonable basis for the impression that any person can improperly influence him or unduly enjoy his favor in the performance of his official duties, or that he is affected by the kinship, rank, position or influence of any party or person (74(3)(f)); shall, directly or indirectly solicit, accept or receive any gift having more than a nominal value, whether in the form or money, service, loan, travel, lodging, meals, refreshments, entertainment, discount, forbearance or promise, or in any other form, under circumstances in which it could reasonably be inferred that the gift was intended to influence him, or could reasonably be expected to influence him, in the performance of his official duties or was intended as a reward for any official action on his part. (73(5)(a)) Moreover, in all their actions, state employees must, under Public Officers Law74(3)(h), endeavor to pursue a course of conduct which will not raise suspicion among the public that they are likely to be engaged in acts that are in violation of their trust.
2010-S-71 Notably, these ethical restrictions have specifically been found to prohibit State officials from soliciting private sector employment with an entity that has a matter pending before the State agency until a 30 day cooling off period has expired (See Ethics Comm. Advisory Opinion No. 0601). Indeed, such a solicitation for post-government employment could be considered a reward for official action (or inaction) . . . and also raises the appearance that the State employees interest with such an activity is in substantial conflict with the proper discharge of his or her duties in the public interest under New York State law. Similarly, OFTs Ethics Policy provides: Officers and employees of State government may not engage in activities that would create or appear to create a conflict with their public duties. A gift is anything of more than nominal value, in any form, given to a State officer or employee. Gifts include, but are not limited to, money, service, loan, travel, lodging, meals, refreshments, entertainment, discount, forbearance or promise. Nominal value is considered such a small amount that acceptance of an item of nominal value could not be reasonably interpreted or construed as attempting to influence a State employee or public official. Using or attempting to use their official positions to secure unwarranted privileges or exemptions for themselves or others. As discussed in more detail below, Mr. Singletons apparent use of his State position for personal gain during the course of negotiating this lucrative State contract raises the appearance of a conflict of interest thereby diminishing the publics trust in the legitimacy of his actions.
See Exhibit A for a comprehensive timeline of events.
A. Mr. Rico Singleton Uses His Position to Help Secure Employment for His Live-in Girlfriend Mr. Singleton was employed by OFT from September 2007 through December 2010. Between August 2008 and March 30, 2009, Mr. Singleton personally negotiated the agreement with McAfee. During the course of those negotiations, Mr. Singleton developed a friendship with the New York State McAfee account manager, one of the primary McAfee contacts during the negotiations. Emails between the two, as well as interviews with McAfee staff, reveal that Mr. Singleton and this account manager socialized on many occasions. In December 2008, during the midst of the negotiations, McAfee was seeking to hire an Associate Account Manager. As the following emails demonstrate, Mr. Singleton requested that the account manager consider Mr. Singletons girlfriend, with whom he was living, for the position. She was ultimately hired and assigned to work in the New York State Government sector of McAfee.
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McAfee begins negotiations with OFT
Mr. Singleton tries to get his girlfriend a job at McAfee
Girlfriend interviews with McAfee
McAfee contract signed
Girlfriend hired by McAfee
$1.9 million paid to McAfee
8/2008
12/10/2008
12/17/2008
3/30/2009
5/18/2009
8/12/2009
Documentation shows Mr. Singleton was persistent in having McAfee hire his girlfriend. According to documentation received from McAfee, the account manager and his immediate supervisor did not feel that they could turn him down.
2010-S-71 [McAfee Account Manager]
[McAfee Manager]
[McAfee Manager] [McAfee Supervisor]
[McAfee Supervisor]
[McAfee Account Manager]
[McAfee Account Manager]
[McAfee Supervisor]
10
2010-S-71 B. Mr. Singleton Seeks Employment for Himself after Negotiating the Multi-Million Dollar Contract On August 6, 2009, after the contract was signed, but prior to the $1.9 million payment, Mr. Singleton also solicited employment for himself at McAfee. He interviewed at McAfees Atlanta office less than a month after McAfee was paid by the State.
His actions not only appear to violate the Public Officers Law, but also the agreement itself, which restricted OFT and McAfee from soliciting employees of the other for hire for the term of the agreement plus one year. McAfee staff informed us that Mr. Singleton specifically requested that any information relating to the job interview not be sent to his work computer but, instead, wished that all information regarding his possible employment with the company be sent to his personal email account. See example of related communications as follows:
Note: MFE is the stock symbol for McAfee)
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[McAfee Manager
C. Improper Travel Reimbursement
In addition to the issues discussed above, Mr. Singleton also appears to have accepted improper travel benefits from McAfee. According to McAfee officials, they provided Mr. Singleton free travel, including airfare and hotels, for conferences in Washington D.C., Las Vegas, and Atlanta. Further, at the Las Vegas conference, Mr. Singleton attended a special invitation only dinner with General Colin Powell as a guest of McAfee officials.
As the timeline shows, Mr. Singleton requested reimbursement from McAfee for incidental expenses during his trip to Atlanta. Subsequent to the Las Vegas and Atlanta conferences, Mr. Singletons girlfriend, whom he had helped secure a position with McAfee, also requested reimbursement for his airfare. Due to the timing of the request, we question if this reimbursement was for the Las Vegas or Atlanta flight. While McAfee officials stated that they paid for Mr. Singletons expenses from the Vegas trip, we were unable to definitively verify this claim.
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Unfair Bidding Practices As part of OFTs oversight of State agency technology plans, individual agencies are required to submit a Plan to Procure for particular technology acquisitions. OFT reviews the Plans to Procure to ensure they are in line with the agencys goals, and to determine if there are opportunities to collaborate between and among agencies to enhance efficiency and realize cost savings. In October 2008, Mr. Singleton began discussions with Computer Associates, Inc. (CA) to revamp the Plan to Procure system. After personally negotiating directly with CA for many months, including negotiating price, Mr. Singleton advised CA that OFT wanted to involve a particular reseller in the project, Currier, McCabe, and Associates (CMA). A reseller is an alternate distribution source for the contractor under a contract. Resellers must be preapproved by the State and the contractor is liable for the resellers performance and compliance with the contract. Notably, CMA only became a certified reseller for CA products the month before the bidding process, adding further question to the legitimacy of the transaction. According to a former CA employee and as confirmed by email evidence, Mr. Singleton arranged for a phone conference for CA, CMA and OFT, rather than an in-person meeting, prior to any bidding to avoid any perception of improprieties from people seeing them together.
Shortly thereafter, OFT twice solicited other resellers through a bidding process that gave potential bidders an extremely short response time only three and seven days respectively. Given the extremely short response time afforded potential bidders and the prior negotiations with CA and CMA, it is not surprising that CMA was the only vendor to respond each time. Both responses were deemed invalid; the first because it exceeded a mandatory budget cap and the second because it failed to include a mandatory form. At that point, OFTs Director of Contracts and Procurement called staff at the Office of the State Comptroller to explain the two failed bids and the limited response. According to OFT documentation, the State Comptrollers staff agreed that OFTs process would adequately support issuing a Purchase Order to CMA, provided OFT could prove a level playing field for all bidders and that the cost was reasonable. However, since CMA had already attended meetings regarding the project at which the price Division of State Government Accountability 13
2010-S-71 was discussed, the two bidding processes appear to be nothing more than a pretense to give the appearance that OFT conducted a competitive procurement. At a minimum, it is clear that other potential bidders were never afforded a fair opportunity or level playing field and that CMA had a competitive advantage in seeking the contract award. Inappropriate Negotiations with Vendors Regarding Contract Terminations OFTs Director of Contracts and Procurement claimed that OFT sought out CA because of how configurable its product was to the States needs. However, after lengthy and significant modifications, the product was still not suited to OFTs expectations. In this regard, it should be noted that the statements of work agreed to between CA and CMA (the product vendor and reseller) and CMA and OFT (the reseller and the State agency) differed dramatically. According to OFT documentation, the project ultimately failed. After the project failed, Mr. Singleton informed both CMA and CA that the agency was terminating the contract for cause as to both companies. OFT confirmed its termination for cause in a letter(s) from Mr. Singleton to CMA and CA in December 2009, citing a series of failures to perform work. Nevertheless, in April 2010, OFT approached the State Comptrollers legal division to seek advice about a potential deal discussed between OFT and CA, whereby OFTs for cause finding would be dropped in exchange for CA providing OFT a total of approximately $350,000 in credits. (The $350,000 in credits was a downward adjustment from OFTs original March 2, 2010 request of CA for $1.1 million.) OFT cited the loss of one storage device (thumb drive) containing confidential information and CAs failures to adequately perform under the contract. Between April and June 4, 2010 (the date of the Comptrollers legal divisions written response), OFT indicated to OSC that it had decided not to enter into the settlement with CA but, still wished to learn OSCs opinion on the legality of this type of settlement. The State Comptrollers legal division advised OFT in writing that (i) using credits from one contract for a contract that OFT was not currently utilizing would raise procurement issues; (ii) any such agreement that involves an amount of money over the statutory approval threshold in State Finance Law section 112 would be subject to prior approval by the Comptroller; and (iii) it is questionable whether the provision of credits by CA would provide a legal basis for OFTs decision to rescind its prior termination for cause. Indeed, a for cause determination bears serious consequences for a vendor because this designation finds that the termination is the fault of the vendor. The vendor is required to report this finding to other agencies in connection with future bids for State business. This reporting requirement serves a public interest by ensuring that agencies are aware of problematic vendors in the future. Agency officials can utilize this information when determining whether a potential vendor is responsible before committing public resources to a contract. Subsequent to OFTs initial outreach, OFT expressly informed OSC that it did not intend to pursue this arrangement as memorialized in OSCs June 4, 2010 response. However, contrary to what OFT informed the Comptrollers office, our audit revealed that OFTs former General Counsel and CA had, in fact, by the time the Comptroller advised them that it was improper, already entered Division of State Government Accountability 14
2010-S-71 into an agreement. Notably, the letter from the Comptrollers legal division was addressed to the member of OFTs legal staff who served as the notary on the executed agreement between CA and OFT. CA officials related that they felt they were being held hostage by these terms, but they eventually relented and agreed to provide OFT with $222,743 in credits, partially towards an unrelated procurement, in May 2010. We found that OFTs General Counsel offered a similar deal to CMA, in return for $225,000 in credits for unrelated procurements. CMA officials said they felt this was extortion and refused to provide credits to OFT.
Discretionary Purchases Exhibit Disregard for Requirements

We found several OFT officials violated OFTs procurement policies and the New York State procurement guidelines. These officials awarded contracts to selected vendors and failed to determine if they were obtaining the best value for the services, or if the price the State was paying was reasonable. Additionally, we found a lack of competition and skirting State Comptroller oversight of such discretionary contracts. Generally, under State law, purchases above $50,000 must be competitively bid and are subject to approval by the State Comptroller. Discretionary purchases are any purchases below $50,000 and do not need to be formally bid or approved by State Comptroller. In addition, OFTs Procurement Policy requires it to analyze whether the price is reasonable for all discretionary procurements. In most cases, this involves obtaining three quotes from vendors and filling out a Reasonableness of Price form. The State Comptrollers Bureau of State Expenditures performed a review of OFTs discretionary contracts in 2009 and found that OFT did not adequately conduct its procurement process in accordance with the Law and Guidelines for eight of the nine procurements examined. Our review of discretionary purchases shows OFT has clearly not fixed the problems cited in the August 2009 report. Between April 1, 2008 and May 1, 2011, OFT made 23 discretionary purchases totaling $891,618. We reviewed each one and found only six were supported by adequate and proper documentation. The other 17, totaling $699,248, were not. Seven of these 23 procurements occurred after the Comptrollers previous review, but only four of these were appropriately supported. The other three, including the most recent one, had incomplete procurement records and demonstrated problems similar to those found in 2009. As a result, we could not determine if these purchases resulted in the best value for New York State taxpayers. Five of the 23 procurements we examined represented stop gap contracts. Stop gap contracts are used as a bridge between a contract that is ending and a new contract that has yet to be implemented in order to not lose service during the interim. Stop gaps occur when the agency does not begin negotiations on the new procurement early enough to allow the bidding process to occur in a timely fashion. If monitored correctly, contract ending dates should come as no surprise. In the past, we found OFT staff sometimes needed to issue stop gap contracts to prevent the loss of service and cited the need as an emergency. However, urgency caused by poor planning does not constitute an emergency and results in lack of competition and potentially paying more for the service. During the period of the new stop gap, the State may not be receiving the best value, since it is not the result of a competitive procurement. Division of State Government Accountability 15
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Our review of contract files also disclosed numerous instances of improper purchasing, including apparent favoritism shown to certain vendors and nine contracts where OFT did not demonstrate that the price was reasonable, as required by its own policy. In addition, OFT split purchases on four of the 23 contracts so the price would remain below $50,000 and allow the agency to circumvent the Comptrollers approval. One OFT staff member noted that, if the margin is close, OFT will urge the vendor with the lowest quote to reduce their price below $50,000. This results in more contracts under the discretionary level and not subject to the State Comptrollers oversight. Some examples of the issues we found are described below. A contract with New Concepts Consulting (New Concepts) for $49,999 for products including web design, two videos and a newsletter appears to have been awarded based upon favoritism. This company previously did work for an Ohio Foundation chaired by CIO Mayberry-Stewart prior to her New York State employment. We found no documentation that other vendors were solicited and no documentation of reasonableness of price. Further, current OFT staff interviewed could not tell us why this vendor was used. However, according to a former OFT employee, New Concepts originally submitted a proposal to OFT for web design work. When the employee informed New Concepts that OFT had no use for these services at that time, Ms. Mayberry-Stewart asked the employee to take another look at the proposal. Again, the employee informed Ms. Mayberry-Stewart that there was no need for New Concepts services. OFT eventually contracted with and paid New Concepts $33,000, even after repeated objections by this staff member. However, the product delivered was substantially less than agreed upon, in part because OFT decided not to have New Concepts supply the newsletter. The website design had to be replaced after the service was provided because OFT officials were not satisfied with the end result. In addition, according to the State Comptrollers Bureau of State Expenditures, OFT terminated this contract after questioning by one of the State Comptrollers auditors. A contract with Securitas Security Services was executed for $42,051. Securitas was providing this service previously; however it did not submit a proposal for a new security contract, even when new bids were requested. According to OFT staff, five days after bids were due, the Director of Contracts and Procurement, asked Securitas if it could meet the best price submitted. Securitas was thus provided an unfair advantage over all other vendors. Two contracts with Microknowledge were for training services for two consecutive years. The contracts were worth $49,999 and $40,000. The deliverables under the contracts are for substantially the same service; both are primarily to provide Microsoft Office 2007 training to various OFT staff members. They also avoided Comptroller approval since they were issued for under $50,000.
Recommendations
OFT should take significant steps to change its organizational culture and control environment to ensure that proper contracting and purchasing practices are put in place and complied with. This includes complying with existing controls and safeguards to prevent fraud, waste and abuse of Division of State Government Accountability 16
2010-S-71 State resources, and monitoring their actual implementation to ensure that unethical practices will not occur in the future. We note that a new executive team was appointed to head OFT in April 2011. We recommend the following specific actions be taken to begin this change in culture: 1. Provide ethics training to all staff, including senior and executive management. 2. Ensure that all senior officials and contract management staff receive up-to-date training in New York State procurement laws and OFT procurement policies. 3. Develop a standard business case analysis to be performed for all purchases. To ensure transparency, the analysis should document: the planning and preparations performed before entering into any agreement or contract, the competition or bidding that took place, the logic behind selecting winning bidders, and the reasons why losing bidders are not chosen. 4. Ensure that no one individual has the ability to influence or control the procurement process for any contracts or purchases and that full disclosure and/or recusal is required of all OFT employees in the case of a potential conflict of interest or the appearance thereof. 5. Establish monitoring procedures to ensure all staff comply with procurement and contracting laws. 6. Create a process to better monitor contract end dates and thereby reduce the Offices reliance on stop gap contracts. 7. Discontinue abusive practices to avoid competition that would otherwise be required and appropriate. 8. Ensure all staff comply with their responsibility to provide unfettered access to all necessary information requests by OSC in the conduct of its independent audits.
Next Steps
In addition to making the above recommendations, OSC has referred the possible violations of the Public Officers Law to the Joint Commission on Public Ethics for investigation. For its part, OSC will continue to monitor and scrutinize OFT procurement and contracting activities. OSC also advises that senior management at OFT take steps to ensure that all OFT staff are fully aware of their responsibilities to comply with the requirements of independent audits as conducted by this Office. Providing anything less than unfettered access to documents and staff raises further questions as to accountability and transparency of OFT.
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Audit Scope and Methodology

The objective of our audit was to determine whether OFTs procurement and contracting practices for the period April 1, 2008 through December 2, 2011 resulted in the best value for taxpayers, consistent with applicable legal, regulatory and ethical requirements. To achieve our objective, we interviewed current and former OFT personnel and reviewed contracts and other supporting documentation provided by OFT. We also reviewed relevant State laws and OFTs own procurement and ethics policies and procedures. We selected a judgmental sample of 53 contracts that were active during our audit period. We also interviewed vendors and subpoenaed and reviewed supporting documentation related to contracts entered into with OFT. In addition, we reviewed electronic records from OFT computers. During our audit, officials from OFT specifically impeded auditor access to staff, electronic data, and files necessary to the audit. Some documentation from OFT was delayed to such an extent that auditors had to put in additional, costly and time consuming steps to determine that the documentation was reliable. This lack of access to staff and information raises serious concerns as to whether other abuses might exist but have yet to be discovered. We conducted our performance audit in accordance with generally accepted government auditing standards. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain sufficient, appropriate evidence to provide a reasonable basis for our findings and conclusions based on our audit objectives. We believe that the evidence obtained provides a reasonable basis for our findings and conclusions based on our audit objectives. In addition to being the State Auditor, the Comptroller performs certain other constitutionally and statutorily mandated duties as the chief fiscal officer of New York State. These include operating the State's accounting system; preparing the State's financial statements; and approving State contracts, refunds, and other payments. In addition, the Comptroller appoints members to certain boards, commissions and public authorities, some of whom have minority voting rights. These duties may be considered management functions for purposes of evaluating organizational independence under generally accepted government auditing standards. In our opinion, these functions do not affect our ability to conduct independent audits of program performance.
Authority
This audit was done according to the State Comptrollers authority as set forth in Article V, Section 1 of the State Constitution and Article II, Section 8 of the State Finance Law.
Reporting Requirements
We provided a draft copy of this report to OFT officials for their review and comment. Their comments were considered in preparing this final report and are attached in their entirety, along Division of State Government Accountability 18
2010-S-71 with State Comptrollers Comments, at the end of the report. OFT officials acknowledge the serious cases of misconduct detailed in this report and expressed their appreciation for our recommendations, which they indicate will help improve internal controls over contracting and procurement. However, they also believe our overall conclusions about organizational culture mischaracterize current operations and fail to acknowledge significant changes made since the new Chief Information Officer was appointed in April 2011. Within 90 days after final release of this report, as required by Section 170 of the Executive Law, the Chief Information Officer of the Office for Technology shall report to the Governor, the State Comptroller, and the leaders of the Legislature and fiscal committees, advising what steps were taken to implement the recommendations contained herein, and where recommendations were not implemented, the reasons why.
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Exhibit A
Chronology of Ethically Questionable Events Involving the OFT Contract with McAfee
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Contributors to this Report

John Buyce, Audit Director Brian Reilly, Audit Manager Nadine Morrell, Audit Supervisor Lynn Freeman, Examiner in Charge Corey Harrell, Examiner in Charge Joseph Robilotto, Staff Examiner Michele Krill, Staff Examiner Thomas Sunkel, Staff Examiner Donald Cosgrove, Staff Examiner Melissa Davie, Staff Examiner Nelson Sheingold, Counsel for Investigations Stephanie Kelly, Investigative Auditor Sue Gold, Report Editor

Andrew A. SanFilippo, Executive Deputy Comptroller 518-474-4593, asanfilippo@osc.state.ny.us Elliot Pagliaccio, Deputy Comptroller 518-473-3596, epagliaccio@osc.state.ny.us Jerry Barber, Assistant Comptroller 518-473-0334, jbarber@osc.state.ny.us
Vision
A team of accountability experts respected for providing information that decision makers value.
Mission
To improve government operations by conducting independent audits, reviews and evaluations of New York State and New York City taxpayer financed programs.
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Agency Comments
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Comment
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Comment 2
* See State Comptrollers Comments on page 90.
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* See State Comptrollers Comments on page 90-91.
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Comment 9
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Comment 10
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Comment 11
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State Comptrollers Comments

1. We are heartened by this new administrations stated commitment to ethics and integrity, which includes a collaborative environment, an open door policy and reduced reliance on contracts that deviate from normal procurement processes. However, these abuses were flagrant, significant and not well hidden; yet no one stepped forward to question these actions, clearly indicating that the tone set by these top officials had permeated the organizations understanding of what type of behavior was acceptable. Despite new managements best efforts, such attitudes and behaviors do not change overnight. Therefore, while we support managements new directions, we will also continue to monitor and scrutinize OFT procurement activity in the foreseeable future to ensure that similar problems do not recur. OFT officials point out that we found problems with only 2 of 19 non-discretionary procurements. They add that these transactions took place in 2009 and were attributable to Mr. Singleton. We find it unacceptable that fully 10 percent of the procurements we examined exhibited significant problems, including management override of established procedures, loss of state money, unfair bidding practices and inappropriate negotiations with vendors. Moreover, the issues surrounding the CA/CMA contract continued to be mismanaged long after Mr. Singleton left OFT employment (See page 13). As our audit report points out, in May 13, 2010, the former General Counsel signed an agreement between OFT and CA whereby OFT improperly obtained $222,743 in credits from CA. We acknowledge that OFT provided staff, including Mr. Singleton, with ethics training in the past. However, we question the effectiveness of this training when high level people can commit flagrant acts and not be reported or otherwise called to account for their actions by other employees and training participants. As our report points out, other high level OFT staff, including the CIO and General Counsel had knowledge of and played a role in the improper transactions we have identified. (see pp. 6, 15, 16). As noted elsewhere in this report, OFT officials were not always forthcoming with information during our audit. We requested a listing of all Enterprise License Agreements (ELAs) in which OFT was involved. We were informed by management that there were only two such ELAs, neither of which was with IBM. Had we been made aware of this procurement, we would have reviewed it. Our recommendation is meant to provide additional guidance for OFT to consider in implementing future procurements. Our audit reaffirms the problems found in 2009 and shows that they continued for periods beyond then. We examined seven discretionary purchases that occurred subsequent to the 2009 audit and found continuing problems such as favoritism, split ordering, and failure to document the reasonableness of price.
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2010-S-71 7. We considered the information provided in OFTs response and now conclude that there are three cases where the procurement record is incomplete. None of these files contain support for OFTs efforts to establish the reasonableness of the price paid in the procurement. We have revised our report accordingly. For this transaction, OFT asked vendors for proposals on a Friday, with their responses due the following Monday; only one business day later. This hardly allows for effective competition. While OSC staff told OFT they would not require additional documentation be submitted to OSC, this does not release OFT from its responsibility to adequately address the reasonableness of the price paid. Once again, there was no documentation to support that OFT had assessed the reasonableness of the purchase price.
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10. We acknowledge that five of the transactions date back to 2008 and we have revised our report accordingly. 11. We strongly disagree with OFTs assertion that there were only a few isolated document production delays. Subsequent to our draft report being issued, we provided OFT officials with three representative examples of obstacles we encountered. However, throughout the process our staff faced many other delays and roadblocks. For example, OFT officials insisted on reviewing all documents and emails before they were provided to our auditors. Further, OFT staff were not allowed to meet with our auditors unless a management representative, such as the General Counsel or the Director of Internal Audit, was present. Each of these obstacles increases the level of risk with respect to the veracity of the information that the auditors ultimately received. Consequently auditors had to perform additional costly and time consuming steps to establish a basis for reliance. This lack of access to staff and information raises additional concerns that auditors may have been precluded from identifying additional abuses that may have existed during the audit period.
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OSC Audit: OFT Procurement Practices

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New York State Office of the State Comptroller Thomas P.

Procurement and Contracting Practices Office for Technology

Other Related Audits/Reports of Interest

Office of the State Comptroller Division of State Government Accountability

Division of State Government Accountability

Division of State Government Accountability

Audit Findings and Recommendations

OFT Wasted $1.5 million in a Contract with McAfee

Division of State Government Accountability

Division of State Government Accountability

McAfee begins negotiations with OFT

Mr. Singleton tries to get his girlfriend a job at McAfee

Girlfriend interviews with McAfee

McAfee contract signed

Girlfriend hired by McAfee

$1.9 million paid to McAfee

Division of State Government Accountability

2010-S-71 [McAfee Account Manager]

[McAfee Manager] [McAfee Supervisor]

[McAfee Account Manager]

Division of State Government Accountability

Note: MFE is the stock symbol for McAfee)

Division of State Government Accountability

C. Improper Travel Reimbursement

Division of State Government Accountability

Discretionary Purchases Exhibit Disregard for Requirements

Division of State Government Accountability

Audit Scope and Methodology

Division of State Government Accountability

Division of State Government Accountability

Contributors to this Report

Division of State Government Accountability

Division of State Government Accountability

* See State Comptrollers Comments on page 90.

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* See State Comptrollers Comments on page 90.

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* See State Comptrollers Comments on page 90.

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* See State Comptrollers Comments on page 90-91.

Division of State Government Accountability

* See State Comptrollers Comments on page 91.

Division of State Government Accountability

* See State Comptrollers Comments on page 91.

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* See State Comptrollers Comments on page 91.

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