Instrumentation

Symbols (P&ID)
TYPES OF P & IDs

 PFD (Process Flow Diagram)

 MFD (Metallurgical Flow Diagram)

 P&ID (Piping & Instrument Diagram)

 P&ID Legend
(Drawing which
detail
symbols used)
 UFD (Utility Flow Diagram)

 AFD (Auxiliary Flow Diagram)

P & ID DEFINITION
 P&ID is a detailed graphical
representation of a process including
the hardware and software
necessary to design, construct and
operate the facility.

- Process Industry Practices (PIP)

P & ID Requirements

 Process Flow Diagram (PFD)

 Project Statement

 Process Data Sheet

 Temperature and Pressure Diagram
Process Flow Diagram
A P&ID is:

 Language of Symbols
 Schematic of Process
 Displays Relative
Orientation/Configuration/Function
 Communication Tool

 Graphical Table of Contents

A P&ID is not:

 Piping Isometric
 Equipment Fabrication Diagram
 Scale Drawing

 Control Logic Diagram

 Something to Convey Process
Information
P & ID
CONTAINS DETAILED INFORMATION

 Process & Utility Streams

 All Process Equipment
 Complete Instrumentation
 Analog & Digital Control
P&ID LEGEND

 Symbols and Tagging Information

 Instrument Signal Types
 Relay Functions
 Logic Symbols
 Valve Body and Actuator Symbols
 Abbreviations
 Miscellaneous Symbols and Information
 P & ID LEGEND
Instrument Symbols Design Basis

 ISA S5.1 Instrumentation Symbols and

Identification
 Defines:
 Instrument Symbols

 Tagging Conventions

 Loop Identification

 Provides Examples

 ISA S5.3DCS Symbols

 Client Requirements
 Instrument Symbols Design Basis
The Instrumentation, Systems, and Automation
Society (ISA) is one of the leading process
control trade and standards organizations. The
ISA has developed a set of symbols for use in
engineering drawings and designs of control
loops (ISA S5.1 instrumentation symbol
speci�cation).
P&ID LEGEND

 How to read P&ID

P & ID LEGEND
P & ID LEGEND
 BALLOONS
The balloon or bubble symbol - this
represents an instrumentation and
control device.

The size is 5/16” or 10 mm in diameter

General guideline: the text inside must be
readable
According to ISA:
Local: The location of an instrument that is neither in nor on a
panel or console, nor is it mounted in a control room. Local
instruments are commonly in the vicinity of a primary element or
a final control element. The word "field" is often used
synonymously with local.

Local panel: A panel that is not a central or main panel. Local

panels are commonly in the vicinity of plant subsystems or
sub-areas. The term "local panel instrument" should not be

confused with "local instrument."

Panel-mounted: A term applied to an instrument that is
mounted on a panel or console and is accessible for an
operator's normal use. A function that is normally accessible
to an operator in a shared-display system is the equivalent of
a discrete panel-mounted device.
 BALLOONS

Types of balloon
symbols:
 BALLOONS
In a P&ID, a circle represents individual measurement instruments,
such as transmitters, sensors, and detectors

• Single horizontal line indicates that the instrument or function is

located in a primary location (e.g., a control room).
• Double horizontal line indicates that the function is in an auxiliary
location
• Absence of the line indicates that the function is field mounted
• Dotted line indicates that the function or instrument is
inaccessible
A square with a circle inside represents instruments that both
display measurement readings and perform some control
function.

A hexagon represents computer functions, such as those

carried out by a controller
A square with a diamond inside represents
PLCs.

Directional arrows showing the �ow direction

represent a pump.
P&ID LEGEND
xx XX
INSTRUMEN xxx XXX xx
T Control xxx
Local Mounte
Room
BALOONS Mounted d xx
Discrete Discrete xxx
Instrument Instrument
xx xx Control
xx xxx Room
xxx Mounte
xxx
Control Room d
Control Room
Mounted Discrete Local Panel Mounted DCS Function-
Instrument Operator Mounted Instrument Shared Display /
with Shared
Inaccessable or Back Discrete Control with
of Panel Instrument Control Auxilliary Operator
Operator Interphase Device
xx
XX Inacessable
XX
xxx XXX XX
XXX XX
Control Room Main Control X
Mounted Room Mounted Room
Secondary
Instrument with Computer Mounted
Control XX
XX
Shared Display Function X
And Shared Computer
Control
XX Function Control
XX
XXX I Room
XXX
Mounte
Control Room Control d
Mounted Local Panel DCS Logic
Mounte
Room
Programable Mounted d Function- Shared
Logic Control Programmable Display / Control
Interlock
Distributed
Logic Control with Auxilliary
Logic
Control
The Tag Symbol
This represents a unique name given as an
identification.
Example: PIC-069
Where it is placed:
- inside the balloon symbol

Example:
PIC
069
 P & ID LEGEND - INSTRUMENT TAGGING

TYPICAL TAGGING CONVENTION

42FT-371A
FT
42 FT 371 A 37
1
SUFFIX (IF REQUIRED)

LOOP NUMBER

INSTRUMENT TYPE

UNIT IDENTIFIER
Example:

Loop
Power Plant
Number
Number

36 TIC 673 A

Controller receives from

Temperature Temperature Transmitter ‘A’
Indicating
Controller

This describes
a TemperatureIndicatin Controller, belonging to
No. 673 located at Plant No.g 36 Loop
means
( Powerthis controller receives signal from two separate
Plant ). The su�x ‘A’ if used,
Temperature
Transmitters. One of them would be tagged as 36 TIC 673A
and the other would be 36 TIC 673B.
P & ID LEGEND - INSTRUMENT
TAGGING
Instrument identi�cation system, generally
include
th following
e :
1. Tag number to defin proces functio loo
number
s and plant e s n, p
2. number.
Symb to pneumati electrica capillar
ol
hydrauliidentify
soni orc,radioactivil, procesy,
c, c ty s
control
3. signals. to represe primar an Fina Contro
Symbol thant gover y dlevell pressur
l
s
temperature
t and n other process ,variables,
e, i.e.
�ow,
Device
pH, CO,
s
etc.
Following is a table showing the functional
meanings of
identification letters as designated by the Instrument
Society of America ( ISA Recommended Practice RP
5.1 )
P & ID
LEGEND –
Instrument
Identification
Letters
P & ID LEGEND – Instrument Identification
Letters

Divert

B – Flame
C – Typically Conductivity – Electrical

D – Typically Density or Specific Gravity

P & ID LEGEND – Instrument Identification
Letters (continuation…)
 P & ID LEGEND - INSTRUMENT TAGGING

ISA-S5.1 INSTRUMENT IDENTIFICATION

FIRST LETTER SUCCEEDING LETTERS
F FLOW A ALARM

 L LEVEL  E ELEMENT

 P PRESSURE  I INDICATE

 T TEMPERATURE  S SWITCH

 H HAND  T TRANSMITTER

 S SPEED  V VALVE

 V VIBRATION
First Letter Code
In general, the process that is to be
monitored by the instrument is indicated by
the first letter of the coding, for example:
F = Flow
L = Level
P = Pressure
T = Temperature
Second Letter Code
The second letter in the coding indicates the
function of the instrument, for example:
FI = Flow Indicator
FC = Flow Controller
LA = Level Alarm
LR = Level Recorder
PT = Pressure Transmitter
TE = Temperature
EIement
Optional Third Letter Code
In some cases, when the instrument is used for two
purposes or when the function of the instrument
has to be more clearly specified, a third letter is
used,
for example:
FIC = Flow Indicating Controller
LAH = Level Alarm High
LAL = Level Alarm Low
Example:
Succeeding-Letter
LOOP
a combination of two or more
instruments or control function
arranged so that signals pass from
one to another for the purpose of
measurement and/or control of a
process variable.
TYPICAL LOOP: Actual

Setpoint
TYPICAL LOOP: P & ID
Typical Flow Loop with Separate I/P

Shown on P&ID Implied

Pressure Control Loop
Flow Control Loop
Level Control Loop
Temperature Control Loop
Field or Locally Mounted Symbol
A circle with lettered code only represents a
field or locally mounted instrument.

PSV
Field or Locally Mounted Symbol
A circle with lettered code only represents a
field or locally mounted instrument.

PSV
Field or Locally Mounted Symbol

PIT

PT
Field or Locally Mounted Symbol

PIT

PT
Field or Locally Mounted Symbol

PIT
Field or Locally Mounted Symbol

PIT
Field or Locally Mounted Symbol

FIT
Field or Locally Mounted Symbol

FIT
Field or Locally Mounted Symbol

FIT
Field or Locally Mounted Symbol

FIT
Field or Locally Mounted Symbol

LT
Field or Locally Mounted Symbol

LT
Field or Locally Mounted Symbol

LIT
Field or Locally Mounted Symbol

LIT
Field or Locally Mounted Symbol

Instrument Stanchion (Wall Mounted)

Field or Locally Mounted Symbol

Instrument Stanchion
Field or Locally Mounted Symbol

Transmitters
Field or Locally Mounted Symbol

Control Valve
Field or Locally Mounted Symbol

Relief Valve
Local Panel Mounted

PI
Local Panel Mounted

PI
Local Panel Mounted

Local Gauge Rack

Local Panel Mounted

Local Panel
Local Panel Mounted

Analyzer Sampling System

Control Room Panel Mounted
A circle with a solid line across its diameter and the
lettered code above this line indicates a control
room panel mounted instrument.

LR
Control Room Panel Mounted
A circle with a solid line across its diameter and the
lettered code above this line indicates a control
room panel mounted instrument.

LR
Control Room Panel Mounted

TR
Control Room Panel Mounted

TR
Control Room Rack Mounted
A circle with a dotted line across its diameter
indicates a control equipment room rack, (i.e.
usually behind the control panel), mounted
instrument

LAH
Panels
Panels
Distributed Control Symbol

Video Display or
Monitor, visible at
console, accessible
to operator

Video Display or
Monitor, not visible
at console, not
accessible to
operator
Distributed Control Symbol
Distributed Control System - Console
Consoles
P & ID LEGEND: Instrument Line Symbols

 Represent:
 Instrument and device connections to
process measurement point.
 Connection to Instrument power
supply
 Signals between measurement and

control instruments and functions

Instrument Line Symbols
Instrument Line Symbols
Instrument Line Symbols
P&ID LEGEND: INSTRUMENT SYMBOLS

ORIFICE CONTROL VALVE (UNDEFINED)

VORTEX DIAPHRAGM

VENTURI

MOTOR OPERATED
ROTAMETER (OR PURGE)
(SHOWN W ITH OPTIONAL
INTEGRAL VALVE)

PRESSURE RELIEF TYPICAL CONTROL VALVE

OR SAFETY VALVE WITH POSITIONER AND
SOLENOID

PRESSURE REDUCING
REGULATOR
(SELF-CONTAINED)
P&ID LEGEND: INSTRUMENT SYMBOLS
Valve Body Symbols
Valve Actuator Symbols
P&ID LEGEND: INSTRUMENT SYMBOLS
P&ID LEGEND: INSTRUMENT SYMBOLS
IN-LINE INSTRUMENTS
Inline Instruments are detailed with type and
connection size
 Control Valves

 Relief Valves
IN-LINE INSTRUMENTS
 Flow Elements/Meters

 Emergency Shutdown Valves

Function Symbol
Function Symbol
Process Equipment Symbol
This represents a special or unique symbol given
to a process equipment, such as vessels, tanks,
drums, heaters or exchangers, pumps, mixers
and agitators, fans, compressors, etc. These
symbols are common with the mechanical and
chemical engineering field.
Process Equipment Symbol
Process Equipment Symbol
Process Equipment Symbol
Process Equipment Symbol
Process Equipment Symbol
Process Equipment
Process Equipment
Process Equipment

Dehydrator
P & ID EXAMPLE
TYPICAL LOOP
Typical Temperature Loop with Valve
Positioner

Shown on P&ID Implied

TYPICAL LOOP
Typical Flow Loop with Separate I/P

Shown on P&ID Implied

TYPICAL LOOP

Typical Valve Detail

Shown on P&ID Implied

P & ID EXAMPLE – Control Valve
P & ID EXAMPLE
P & ID EXAMPLE
P & ID EXAMPLE – Level Control
P & ID EXAMPLE – Level Control
(Electrical Traced)
P & ID EXAMPLE – Motorized Valve
P & ID EXAMPLE-Motor Control 1
P & ID EXAMPLE - Motor Control 2
P & ID EXAMPLE – Motor Control 3
P & ID REVIEW
 Symbology
 Consistency of Control Depiction
 Applicability of Measurement & Control
Methods
 Correct Instrument Types
 System Operability
UFD EXAMPLE
AFD EXAMPLE
AFD EXAMPLE
AFD EXAMPLE