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Module 01(Part1)

The document outlines a course on Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning, and Refrigeration (HVACR) taught by Mr. Juned Riyaz Kazi, detailing the teaching and examination schemes, course objectives, syllabus, and assessment methods. It includes technical concepts such as the Carnot cycle, refrigeration cycles, and the Bell-Coleman cycle, along with numerical examples to illustrate these principles. Additionally, it discusses the coefficient of performance and units of refrigeration, providing a comprehensive overview of HVACR fundamentals.

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prathmeshkarale918
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
3 views

Module 01(Part1)

The document outlines a course on Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning, and Refrigeration (HVACR) taught by Mr. Juned Riyaz Kazi, detailing the teaching and examination schemes, course objectives, syllabus, and assessment methods. It includes technical concepts such as the Carnot cycle, refrigeration cycles, and the Bell-Coleman cycle, along with numerical examples to illustrate these principles. Additionally, it discusses the coefficient of performance and units of refrigeration, providing a comprehensive overview of HVACR fundamentals.

Uploaded by

prathmeshkarale918
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 24

Heating Ventilation, Air

Conditioning and Refrigeration

Mr. Juned Riyaz Kazi


M.Tech in Thermal & Fluids Engineering
Asst. Professor in Mechanical Engg. Department
FCRIT Vashi, Navi Mumbai
Course Teaching Scheme & Examination Scheme

Teaching Scheme

Course Code Contact Hours Credits Assigned


MEC603 Theory Practical Theory Practical
HVACR 4 2 3 1

Examination Scheme

Test 1 Test 2 Average ESE (3 hours) Term work Practical/Tutorial


20 20 20 80 25 25

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Course Objectives & Outcomes

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Syllabus

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Syllabus

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Syllabus

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Assessment

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Textbook/Reference Books

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Carnot Heat Engine, Refrigerator & Heat Pump

𝑄1
𝐶𝑂𝑃 =
𝑊𝑖𝑛

𝑊𝑜𝑢𝑡
𝜂=
𝑄2

𝑄2
𝐶𝑂𝑃 =
𝑊𝑖𝑛

16-01-2025 Heating, Ventillation, Air Conditioning & Refrigeration 13


Carnot Cycle Refrigerator
• 1-2: Isentropic compression from state 1 (wet vapour) to state 2 (saturated vapour)
• 2-3: Heat rejection (QH) in the condenser
• 3-4: Isentropic expansion from state 3 (saturated liquid)
• 4-1: Heat absorption ( QL) in the evaporator

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Refrigeration Cycles
Reversed Carnot Cycle
3 2 T
2’
condenser
QH
2
3
turbine compressor

4 evaporator 1 1’
4 4’ 1
QL
• 1-2-3-4 show the reverse Carnot Cycle.
However, it is not practical to implement. s
Hence, we modify some of the processes to eliminate the practical problems and get the Ideal Vapor-Compression
Refrigeration Cycle
• Evaporates liquid into 100% vapor
• Compress vapor instead of two phase mixture
• Replace turbine by an expansion/throttling valve (not an isentropic process)
16-01-2025 Heating, Ventillation, Air Conditioning & Refrigeration 15
Limitations of Carnot Cycle
• Reversibility of Processes
• Slow Operation
• Heat Transfer Losses
• Ideal Working Fluid
• Large Temperature Reservoirs
• Phase Change Exclusion

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Units of Refrigeration
• Tonnes of Refrigeration: Amount of refrigeration effect produced by
uniform melting of one tonne of ice from and at 0°C in 24 hours.
• one tonne of ice requires 335 kJ/kg of heat to melt.
• When it is accomplished in 24 hours, it is known as a heat transfer
rate of 1 tonne of refrigeration (1TR).

1000 × 335
1 𝑇𝑅 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = = 232.6 𝑘𝐽/𝑚𝑖𝑛
24 × 60
• In actual practice it is taken as equivalent to 210 kJ/min (3.517 kW).

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Coefficient of Performance
• It is the ratio of heat extracted in the refrigerator to the work done on
the refrigerant.
𝑄
• COP =
𝑊

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Carnot Cycle based Numerical
• A Carnot engine has an efficiency of 0.60 and the temperature of its cold
reservoir is 300 K. (a) What is the temperature of the hot reservoir?
(b) If the engine does 300 J of work per cycle, how much heat is removed
from the high-temperature reservoir per cycle?
(c) How much heat is exhausted to the low-temperature reservoir per cycle?
• Answers:
a) 750 K
b) 500 J
c) 200 J

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Carnot Cycle based Numerical
• Imagine a Carnot heat pump operates between an outside
temperature of 0°C and an inside temperature of 20.0°C. What is the
work needed if the heat delivered to the inside of the house is 30.0
kJ?

• Answer: 2.05 KJ

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Carnot Cycle based Numerical
A Carnot refrigerator operates between two heat reservoirs whose
temperatures are 0°C and 25°C.
(a) What is the coefficient of performance of the refrigerator?
(b) If 200 J of work are done on the working substance per cycle, how much
heat per cycle is extracted from the cold reservoir?
(c) How much heat per cycle is discarded to the hot reservoir?
• Answers:
a) 10.9
b) 2.18 kJ
c) 2.38 kJ

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Bell-Coleman (Reversed Brayton or Joule Cycle)

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Bell-Coleman Cycle (Reversed Brayton or Joule Cycle)

Process 1-2: Isentropic Compression process

Process 2-3: Constant Pressure


heat rejection in the cooler

Process 3-4: Isentropic Expansion


Process in the expander

Process 4-1: Constant pressure heat addition process

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Numerical on Bell-Coleman Cycle

• In a refrigeration plant working on Bell Coleman cycle, air is


compressed to 5 bar from 1 bar. Its initial temperature is 10°C. After
compression, the air is cooled up to 20°C in a cooler before expanding
back to a pressure of 1 bar. Determine the theoretical C.O.P. of the
plant and net refrigerating effect. Take Cp = 1.005 kJ/kg K and Cv =
0.718 kJ/kg K.

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