Arduino UNO R4 Minima Analog

Sensor Tutorial

Project of analog sensors

Description

In this tutorial, we'll explore how to utilize analog sensors with the Arduino
UNO R4 Minima microcontroller. Analog sensors are incredibly versatile and
can be used for a variety of applications, from measuring soil moisture levels
to detecting raindrops. We'll focus on two common analog sensors: the
raindrop sensor and the soil moisture sensor. By the end of this tutorial, you'll
have a solid understanding of how to interface these sensors with the Arduino
UNO R4 Minima and use the data they provide for your projects.

 Raindrop Sensor
The raindrop sensor is a simple module that can detect raindrops. It works by
measuring the resistance between two conductive probes on the sensor
board. When raindrops fall on the probes, the resistance decreases due to the
conductivity of water, allowing us to detect the presence of rain.

 Soil Moisture Sensor

The soil moisture sensor is used to measure the moisture content of soil. It
typically consists of two probes that are inserted into the soil. The resistance
between the probes changes depending on the moisture level of the soil. Dry
soil has high resistance, while wet soil has low resistance.
How-To Guide

1. Gather Components

 1 x Arduino Uno R4 Minima

 1 x Breadboard
 1 x Raindrop Sensor
 1 x Soil Moisture Sensor
 10 x Jumper wires

2. Assemble the Circuit

 Connect the raindrop sensor and soil moisture sensor to the breadboard.
 Connect the VCC and GND pins of both sensors to the 5V and GND rails on
the breadboard, respectively.
 Connect the analog output pin of the raindrop sensor to analog pin A0 on
the Arduino Uno R4.
 Connect the analog output pin of the soil moisture sensor to analog pin A1
on the Arduino Uno R4.
Arduino UNO R4 Minima Rain drop sensor
3.3V VCC
GND GND
NC - Not Connect DO
A0 AO

Arduino UNO R4 Minima Soil Moisture Sensor

3.3V VCC
GND GND
A1 AO
NC- Not Connect DO

3. Write the Arduino Code

Open the Arduino IDE on your computer.

// Define analog sensor pins
const int raindropSensorPin = A0;
const int soilMoistureSensorPin = A1;

void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600); // Initialize serial communication
for debugging
}

void loop() {
// Read analog sensor values
int raindropValue = analogRead(raindropSensorPin);
int soilMoistureValue =
analogRead(soilMoistureSensorPin);

// Print sensor values to serial monitor

Serial.print("Raindrop Sensor Value: ");
Serial.println(raindropValue);
Serial.print("Soil Moisture Sensor Value: ");
Serial.println(soilMoistureValue);

// Add your logic based on sensor readings here

// Example: if (raindropValue > threshold) { // Do
something }

delay(1000); // Delay for stability

}

4. Understand the Code

The code initializes two variables to store analog sensor pin numbers.
In the setup() function, it initializes serial communication for debugging.
The loop() function continuously reads analog sensor values using
analogRead().
It prints the sensor values to the serial monitor for observation.
You can add your logic based on sensor readings to trigger specific actions.
5. Test the Project

 Upload the code to your Arduino Uno R4 by clicking the upload button in
the IDE.
 Open the serial monitor to observe sensor values.
 Adjust environmental conditions around the sensors and observe changes
in readings.

6. Experiment and Learn

Modify the code to include thresholds and trigger actions based on sensor
readings.
Explore different ways to utilize sensor data, such as controlling actuators or
displaying information on external devices.
Experiment with other analog sensors to expand your understanding of sensor
interfacing with Arduino.
This project provides a foundation for building more complex systems that
interact with the environment using analog sensors and Arduino Uno R4. Have
fun experimenting and learning!

7. Rain drop sensor with Relay module

Wiring diagram

Arduino UNO R4 Minima Rain drop sensor

3.3V VCC
GND GND
NC - Not connect DO
A5 AO

Arduino UNO R4 Minima Relay

5V DC+
GND DC-
D2 IN
Demo code

#define SIGNAL_PIN A5 // Define the output signal

#define RELAY_PIN 2 // Define the RELAY pin

int value = 0; // variable to store the sensor value

void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
pinMode(RELAY_PIN, OUTPUT); // configure D2 pin as an
OUTPUT
}

void loop() {
delay(10); // wait 10 milliseconds
value = analogRead(SIGNAL_PIN); // read the analog value
from sensor
Serial.println(value);
if(value > 800){ //If the value is greater than
800, we can consider it's dry
Serial.println(" dry!!! ");
digitalWrite(RELAY_PIN, LOW); // turn RELAY OFF
}else { //else, we can consider it's raining
Serial.println(" raining!!! ");
digitalWrite(RELAY_PIN, HIGH); // turn RELAY ON
}
 delay(1000);
}

Upload the code and open serial monitor.

If you drop some water on the sensor pad.

and the Relay will be triggered.

Project: Infrared Sensor and IR Controller

with Relay

Description

In this project, we'll use an infrared (IR) sensor to detect motion or proximity
and an IR remote controller to trigger actions. We'll interface these
components with the Arduino Uno R4 Minima and control a relay to switch
external devices like lights, fans, or other appliances wirelessly.
How-To Guide

1. Gather Components:

 1 x Arduino Uno R4 Minima

 1 x Breadboard
 1 x Infrared Controller
 1 x Infrared Receiver Module
 1 x Relay Module
 Jumper wires

2. Assemble the Circuit

 Connect the VCC and GND pins of the infrared sensor, IR receiver, and
relay module to the 5V and GND rails on the breadboard, respectively.
 Connect the output pin of the infrared sensor to digital pin 3 on the
Arduino Uno R4.
 Connect the output pin of the IR receiver module to digital pin 2 on the
Arduino Uno R4.
 Connect the control pin of the relay module to digital pin 4 on the Arduino
Uno R4.

Wiring Diagram:

Arduino UNO R4 Minima IR Receiver Module

3.3v +
GND -
3 S

Arduino UNO R4 Minima Relay

5v DC+
GND DC-
2 IN
3. Install library IRremote

Open the Arduino IDE on your computer.

Note: When you include a library in your code, you should go to the library
manager and download it.
4. Write the Arduino Code

#include <IRremote.h>
#define RELAY_PIN 2 // the Arduino pin, which connects
to the IN pin of relay module
int RECV_PIN = 3; //define input pin on Arduino

IRrecv irrecv(RECV_PIN);
decode_results results;

void setup()
{
pinMode(RELAY_PIN, OUTPUT); // initialize digital pin as
an output.
Serial.begin(9600);
irrecv.enableIRIn(); // Start the receiver
}
void loop() {
if (irrecv.decode()) {
if (irrecv.decodedIRData.protocol == UNKNOWN) {
Serial.println(F("Received noise or an unknown (or
not yet enabled) protocol"));
// We have an unknown protocol here, print extended
info
irrecv.printIRResultRawFormatted(&Serial, true);
 irrecv.resume(); // Do it here, to preserve raw data
for printing with printIRResultRawFormatted()
} else {
irrecv.resume(); // Early enable receiving of the
next IR frame
irrecv.printIRResultShort(&Serial);
irrecv.printIRSendUsage(&Serial);
}
Serial.println();
Serial.println(irrecv.decodedIRData.command);
if (irrecv.decodedIRData.command == 0x45) { // 1
Change status
toggleRelay();
delay(300);
}else if(irrecv.decodedIRData.command == 0x46){ // 2
turn on the relay
digitalWrite(RELAY_PIN, HIGH);
}else if(irrecv.decodedIRData.command == 0x47){ // 3
turn off the relay
digitalWrite(RELAY_PIN, LOW);
}
}
}
void toggleRelay() {
digitalWrite(RELAY_PIN, !digitalRead(RELAY_PIN)); //
change the status
}

Then you can modify the code yourself to achieve certain functions by
pressing the infrared remote control.
if (irrecv.decodedIRData.command == 0x45) {
// if you press 1(0x45), it will do this.
toggleRelay();
delay(300);
}

And you can open the serial monitor to see the command of the infrared
remote control. Of course, we will also provide you with the code of the
infrared remote control to facilitate your use.
Key Code of IR controller

Key IR Code Key IR Code

1 0x45 0 0x19

2 0x46 * 0x16

3 0x47 # 0x0D

4 0x44 UP 0x18

5 0x40 RIGHT 0x5A

6 0x43 DOWN 0x52

7 0x07 LEFT 0x08

8 0x15 OK 0x1C

9 0x09 IR Controller Key code

5. Understand the Code

This code is written for an Arduino sketch that utilizes an infrared (IR) receiver
module to receive signals from an IR remote controller. Based on the received
IR commands, it controls a relay module connected to the Arduino. Let's break
down the code step by step:
1. Including Libraries and Defining Constants:

#include <IRremote.h>
#define RELAY_PIN 2 // the Arduino pin, which connects
to the IN pin of relay module
int RECV_PIN = 3; // define input pin on Arduino
 The code includes the IRremote library, which is necessary for working
with IR signals.
 It defines the pin number for the relay module (RELAY_PIN) and the pin
number for the IR receiver module (RECV_PIN).

2. Initializing IR Receiver and Serial

Communication:

IRrecv irrecv(RECV_PIN);
decode_results results;

void setup() {
pinMode(RELAY_PIN, OUTPUT); // initialize digital pin as
an output.
Serial.begin(9600);
irrecv.enableIRIn(); // Start the receiver
}
 An instance of the IRrecv class is created, specifying the pin connected to
the IR receiver module.
 Serial communication is initialized for debugging purposes.
 The IR receiver is enabled to start receiving IR signals.

3. Receiving and Processing IR Signals in the Loop:

void loop() {
if (irrecv.decode()) {
// Processing decoded IR data
// Handling different commands
}
}
 The loop continuously checks if there's any decoded IR signal available.
 When an IR signal is received and decoded, the program proceeds to
process the decoded data.

4. Processing Decoded IR Data:

if (irrecv.decodedIRData.protocol == UNKNOWN) {
// Handling unknown or noisy IR signals
} else {
// Handling known IR protocols
// Performing actions based on received commands
}
 If the IR protocol is unknown or noisy, it prints a message indicating that it
received noise or an unknown protocol.
 If the IR protocol is known, it prints the decoded IR result and performs
actions based on the received commands.

5. Handling Specific IR Commands:

if (irrecv.decodedIRData.command == 0x45) { // Command to

toggle relay status
toggleRelay();
delay(300);
} else if (irrecv.decodedIRData.command == 0x46) { //
Command to turn on the relay
digitalWrite(RELAY_PIN, HIGH);
} else if (irrecv.decodedIRData.command == 0x47) { //
Command to turn off the relay
digitalWrite(RELAY_PIN, LOW);
}
 The code checks the received IR command and performs corresponding
actions:
 If the command is 0x45, it calls the toggleRelay() function to toggle the
relay status.
 If the command is 0x46, it turns on the relay by setting the relay pin to
HIGH.
 If the command is 0x47, it turns off the relay by setting the relay pin to
LOW.
6. Toggling Relay Status:

void toggleRelay() {
digitalWrite(RELAY_PIN, !digitalRead(RELAY_PIN)); //
Toggle the status of the relay pin
}
 The toggleRelay() function is responsible for toggling the status of the
relay pin. It reads the current status of the pin and then changes it to the
opposite status.

Overall, this code allows the Arduino to receive IR signals and control a relay
module accordingly, enabling wireless control of connected devices.

6. Test the Project

Upload the code to your Arduino Uno R4 by clicking the upload button in the
IDE.
Adjust the infrared sensor's sensitivity and observe its response to
motion/proximity.
Use the IR remote controller to trigger actions and observe the relay's
operation.

7. Experiment and Learn

Explore different configurations and placements of the infrared sensor for

various applications.
Implement additional functionality, such as time delays or multiple relay
controls based on different sensor inputs.
Integrate the project with other sensors or actuators to create more complex
automation systems.
This project demonstrates how to use infrared sensors and IR controllers to
wirelessly control devices via Arduino Uno R4. Experiment with different
setups and functionalities to customize it according to your needs. Enjoy
exploring the world of electronics and automation!