Python is a general-purpose programming language.

It is suitable for the development

of a wide range of software applications. Over the last few years Python has been the
preferred language of choice for developers in the following application areas −

 Data Science
 Machine Learning
 Web Development
 Computer Vision and Image processing
 Embedded Systems and IoT
 Job Scheduling and Automation
 Desktop GUI Applications
 Console-based Applications
 CAD Applications
 Game Development

Let's look into these application areas in more detail:

Data Science
Python's recent meteoric rise in the popularity charts is largely due to its Data science
libraries. Python has become an essential skill for data scientists. Today, real time web
applications, mobile applications and other devices generate huge amount of data.
Python's data science libraries help companies generate business insights from this
data.

Libraries like NumPy, Pandas, and Matplotlib are extensively used to apply
mathematical algorithms to the data and generate visualizations. Commercial and
community Python distributions like Anaconda and ActiveState bundle all the essential
libraries required for data science.

Machine Learning
Python libraries such as Scikit-learn and TensorFlow help in building models for
prediction of trends like customer satisfaction, projected values of stocks etc. based
upon the past data. Machine learning applications include (but not restricted to) medical
diagnosis, statistical arbitrage, basket analysis, sales prediction etc.

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Web Development
Python's web frameworks facilitate rapid web application
development. Django, Pyramid, Flask are very popular among the web developer
 community. etc. make it very easy to develop and deploy simple as well as complex
web applications.

Latest versions of Python provide asynchronous programming support. Modern web

frameworks leverage this feature to develop fast and high performance web apps and
APIs.

Computer Vision and Image processing

OpenCV is a widely popular library for capturing and processing images. Image
processing algorithms extract information from images, reconstruct image and video
data. Computer Vision uses image processing for face detection and pattern
recognition. OpenCV is a C++ library. Its Python port is extensively used because of its
rapid development feature.

Some of the application areas of computer vision are robotics, industrial surveillance,
automation, and biometrics etc.

Embedded Systems and IoT

Micropython (https://micropython.org/), a lightweight version especially for
microcontrollers like Arduino. Many automation products, robotics, IoT, and kiosk
applications are built around Arduino and programmed with Micropython. Raspberry
Pi is also very popular alow cost single board computer used for these type of
applications.

Job Scheduling and Automation

Python found one of its first applications in automating CRON (Command Run ON) jobs.
Certain tasks like periodic data backups, can be written in Python scripts scheduled to
be invoked automatically by operating system scheduler.

Many software products like Maya embed Python API for writing automation scripts
(something similar to Excel micros).

Desktop GUI Applications

Python is a great option for building ergonomic, attractive, and user-friendly desktop
GUI applications. Several graphics libraries, though built in C/C++, have been ported to
Python. The popular Qt graphics toolkit is available as a PyQt package in Python.
Similarly, WxWidgets has been ported to Python as WxPython. Python's built-in GUI
package, TKinter is a Python interface to the Tk Graphics toolkit.

Here is a select list of Python GUI libraries:

 Tkinter − Tkinter is the Python interface to the Tk GUI toolkit shipped with Python's
standard library.
 wxPython − This is the Python interface for the wxWidgets GUI toolkit. BitTorrent Client
application has been built with wxPython functionality.
 PyQt – Qt is one of the most popular GUI toolkits. It has been ported to Python as a
PyQt5 package. Notable desktop GUI apps that use PyQt include QGIS, Spyder IDE,
Calibre Ebook Manager, etc.
 PyGTK − PyGTK is a set of wrappers written in Python and C for GTK + GUI library. The
complete PyGTK tutorial is available here.
 PySimpleGUI − PySimpleGui is an open-source, cross-platform GUI library for Python. It
aims to provide a uniform API for creating desktop GUIs based on Python's Tkinter,
PySide, and WxPython toolkits.
 Jython − Jython is a Python port for Java, which gives Python scripts seamless access to
the Java GUI libraries on the local machine.

Console-based Applications
Python is often employed to build CLI (command-line interface) applications. Such
scripts can be used to run scheduled CRON jobs such as taking database backups etc.
There are many Python libraries that parse the command line arguments. The argparse
library comes bundled with Python’s standard library. You can use Click (part of Flask
framework) and Typer (included in FastAPI framework) to build console interfaces to the
web-based applications built by the respective frameworks. Textual is a rapid
development framework to build apps that run inside a terminal as well as browsers.

CAD Applications
CAD engineers can take advantage of Python's versatility to automate repetitive tasks
such as drawing shapes and generating reports.

Autodesk Fusion 360 is a popular CAD software, which has a Python API that allows
users to automate tasks and create custom tools. Similarly, SolidWorks has a built-in
Python shell that allows users to run Python scripts inside the software.

CATIA is another very popular CAD software. Along with a VBScript, certain third-party
Python libraries that can be used to control CATIA.

Game Development
Some popular gaming apps have been built with Python. Examples include BattleField2,
The Sims 4, World of Tanks, Pirates of the Caribbean, and more. These apps are built
with one of the following Python libraries.

Pygame is one of the most popular Python libraries used to build engaging computer
games. Pygame is an open-source Python library for making multimedia applications
like games built on top of the excellent SDL library. It is a cross-platform library, which
means you can build a game that can run on any operating system platform.

Another library Kivy is also widely used to build desktop as well as mobile-based games.
Kivy has a multi-touch interface. It is an open-source and cross-platform Python library
for rapid development of game applications. Kivy runs on Linux, Windows, OS X,
Android, iOS, and Raspberry Pi.

PyKyra library is based on both SDL (Software and Documentation Localisation) and the
Kyra engine. It is one of the fastest game development frameworks. PyKyra supports
MPEG , MP3, Ogg Vorbis, Wav, etc., multimedia formats.