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AREAS
9
OF PARALLELOGRAMS
AND TRIANGLES

EXERCISE 9.1
Q.1. Which of the following figures lie on the same base and between the same
parallels. In such a case, write the common base and the two parallels.

Sol. (i) Base DC, parallels DC and AB

(iii) Base QR, parallels QR and PS
(v) Base AD, parallels AD and BQ.
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AREAS
9
OF PARALLELOGRAMS
AND TRIANGLES

EXERCISE 9.2

Q.1. In the figure, ABCD is a paralle-logram, AE ⊥ DC and

CF ⊥ AD. If AB = 16 cm, AE = 8 cm and CF = 10 cm,
find AD.
Sol. Area of parallelogram ABCD
= AB × AE
= 16 × 8 cm2 = 128 cm2
Also, area of parallelogram ABCD
= AD × FC = (AD × 10) cm2

∴ AD × 10 = 128

⇒ 128
AD = 10 = 12.8 cm Ans.

Q.2. If E, F, G, and H are respectively the mid-points of the sides of a

1
parallelogram ABCD, show that ar (EFGH) = 2 ar (ABCD).
Sol. Given : A parallelogram ABCD · E, F, G, H are mid-points of sides AB,
BC, CD, DA respectively
1
To Porve : ar (EFGH) = 2 ar (ABCD)
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Construction : Join AC and HF.
Proof : In ∆ABC,
E is the mid-point of AB.
F is the mid-point of BC.
1
⇒ EF is parallel to AC and EF = AC ... (i)
2
Similarly, in ∆ADC, we can show that
1
HG || AC and HG = AC ... (ii)
2
From (i) and (ii)
EF || HG and EF = HG
∴ EFGH is a parallelogram. [One pour of opposite sides
is equal and parallel]
In quadrilateral ABFH, we have
1 1
HA = FB and HA || FB [AD = BC ⇒ AD = BC ⇒ HA = FB]
2 2
∴ ABFH is a parallelogram. [One pair of opposite sides
is equal and parallel]
Now, triangle HEF and parallelogram HABF are on the same base HF
and between the same parallels HF and AB.
1
∴ Area of ∆HEF = area of HABF ... (iii)
2

1
Similarly, area of ∆HGF = area of HFCD ... (iv)
2
Adding (iii) and (iv),
Area of ∆HEF + area of ∆HGF
1
= (area of HABF + area of HFCD)
2

1
⇒ ar (EFGH) = ar (ABCD) Proved.
2
Q.3. P and Q are any two points lying on the sides DC and AD respectively of
a parallelogram ABCD. Show that ar (APB) = ar (BQC).
Sol. Given : A parallelogram ABCD. P and Q are
any points on DC and AD respectively.
To prove : ar (APB) = ar (BQC)
Construction : Draw PS || AD and QR || AB.
Proof : In parallelogram ABRQ, BQ is the
diagonal.

1
∴ area of ∆BQR = area of ABRQ ... (i)
2
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In parallelogram CDQR, CQ is a diagonal.
1
∴ area of ∆RQC = area of CDQR ... (ii)
2
Adding (i) and (ii), we have
area of ∆BQR + area of ∆RQC
1
= [area of ABRQ + area of CDQR]
2
1
⇒ area of ∆BQC = area of ABCD ... (iii)
2
Again, in parallelogram DPSA, AP is a diagonal.
1
∴ area of ∆ASP = area of DPSA ... (iv)
2
In parallelogram BCPS, PB is a diagonal.
1
∴ area of ∆BPS = area of BCPS ... (v)
2
Adding (iv) and (v)
1
area of ∆ASP + area of ∆BPS = (area of DPSA + area of BCPS)
2
1
⇒ area of ∆APB = (area of ABCD) ... (vi)
2
From (iii) and (vi), we have
area of ∆APB = area of ∆BQC. Proved.
Q.4. In the figure, P is a point in the interior of a
parallelogram ABCD. Show that
1
(i) ar (APB) + ar (PCD) = ar (ABCD)
2
(ii) ar (APD) + ar (PBC) = ar(APB) + ar (PCD)
Sol. Given : A parallelogram ABCD. P is a point
inside it.
To prove : (i) ar (APB) + ar(PCD)
1
= ar (ABCD)
2
(ii) ar (APD) + ar (PBC)
= ar (APB) + ar (PCD)
Construction : Draw EF through P parallel to AB, and GH through P
parallel to AD.
Proof : In parallelogram FPGA, AP is a diagonal,
∴ area of ∆APG = area of ∆APF ... (i)
In parallelogram BGPE, PB is a diagonal,
∴ area of ∆BPG = area of ∆EPB ... (ii)
In parallelogram DHPF, DP is a diagonal,
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∴ area of ∆DPH = area of ∆DPF ... (iii)
In parallelogram HCEP, CP is a diagonal,
∴ area of ∆CPH = area of ∆CPE ... (iv)
Adding (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv)
area of ∆APG + area of ∆BPG + area of ∆DPH + area of ∆CPH
= area of ∆APF + area of ∆EPB + area of ∆DPF + area ∆CPE
⇒ [area of ∆APG + area of ∆BPG] + [area of ∆DPH + area of ∆CPH]
= [area of ∆APF + area of ∆DPF] + [area of ∆EPB + area of ∆CPE]
⇒ area of ∆APB + area of ∆CPD = area of ∆APD + area of ∆BPC
... (v)
But area of parallelogram ABCD
= area of ∆APB + area of ∆CPD + area of ∆APD + area of ∆BPC
... (vi)
From (v) and (vi)
1
area of ∆APB + area of ∆PCD = area of ABCD
2
1
or, ar (APB) + ar (PCD) = ar (ABCD) Proved.
2
(ii) From (v),
⇒ ar (APD) + ar (PBC) = ar (APB) + ar (CPD) Proved.
Q.5. In the figure, PQRS and ABRS are parallelograms
and X is any point on side BR. Show that
(i) ar (PQRS) = ar (ABRS)
1
(ii) ar (AXS) = ar (PQRS)
2
Sol. Given : PQRS and ABRS are parallelograms and X is any point on side
BR.
To prove : (i) ar (PQRS) = ar (ABRS)
1
(ii) ar (AXS) = ar (PQRS)
2
Proof : (i) In ∆ASP and BRQ, we have
∠SPA = ∠RQB [Corresponding angles] ...(1)
∠PAS = ∠QBR [Corresponding angles] ...(2)
∴ ∠PSA = ∠QRB [Angle sum property of a triangle] ...(3)
Also, PS = QR [Opposite sides of the parallelogram PQRS] ...(4)
So, ∆ASP ≅ ∆BRQ [ASA axiom, using (1), (3) and (4)]
Therefore, area of ∆PSA = area of ∆QRB
[Congruent figures have equal areas] ...(5)
Now, ar (PQRS) = ar (PSA) + ar (ASRQ]
= ar (QRB) + ar (ASRQ]
= ar (ABRS)
So, ar (PQRS) = ar (ABRS) Proved.
(ii) Now, ∆AXS and ||gm ABRS are on the same base AS and between same
parallels AS and BR
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1
∴ area of ∆AXS = area of ABRS
2
1
⇒ area of ∆AXS = area of PQRS [ ar (PQRS) = ar (ABRS]
2
1
⇒ ar of (AXS) = ar of (PQRS) Proved.
2
Q.6. A farmer was having a field in the form of a parallelogram PQRS. She
took any point A on RS and joined it to points P and Q. In how many parts
the fields is divided? What are the shapes of these parts? The farmer wants
to sow wheat and pulses in equal portions of the field separately. How
should she do it?
Sol. The field is divided in three triangles.
Since triangle APQ and parallelogram PQRS are on the same base PQ and
between the same parallels PQ and RS.
1
∴ ar (APQ) = ar (PQRS)
2
⇒ 2ar (APQ) = ar(PQRS)
But ar (PQRS) = ar(APQ) + ar (PSA) + ar (ARQ)
⇒ 2 ar (APQ) = ar(APQ) + ar(PSA) + ar (ARQ)
⇒ ar (APQ) = ar(PSA) + ar(ARQ)
Hence, area of ∆APQ = area of ∆PSA + area of ∆ARQ.
To sow wheat and pulses in equal portions of the field separately, farmer
sow wheat in ∆APQ and pulses in other two triangles or pulses in ∆APQ
and wheat in other two triangles. Ans.